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Testa C, Oliveto S, Jacchetti E, Donnaloja F, Martinelli C, Pinoli P, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Ceri S, Biffo S, Raimondi MT. Whole transcriptomic analysis of mesenchymal stem cells cultured in Nichoid micro-scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:945474. [PMID: 36686258 PMCID: PMC9852851 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.945474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to be ideal candidates for clinical applications where not only regenerative potential but also immunomodulation ability is fundamental. Over the last years, increasing efforts have been put into the design and fabrication of 3D synthetic niches, conceived to emulate the native tissue microenvironment and aiming at efficiently controlling the MSC phenotype in vitro. In this panorama, our group patented an engineered microstructured scaffold, called Nichoid. It is fabricated through two-photon polymerization, a technique enabling the creation of 3D structures with control of scaffold geometry at the cell level and spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit, down to 100 nm. The Nichoid's capacity to maintain higher levels of stemness as compared to 2D substrates, with no need for adding exogenous soluble factors, has already been demonstrated in MSCs, neural precursors, and murine embryonic stem cells. In this work, we evaluated how three-dimensionality can influence the whole gene expression profile in rat MSCs. Our results show that at only 4 days from cell seeding, gene activation is affected in a significant way, since 654 genes appear to be differentially expressed (392 upregulated and 262 downregulated) between cells cultured in 3D Nichoids and in 2D controls. The functional enrichment analysis shows that differentially expressed genes are mainly enriched in pathways related to the actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM), and, in particular, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), thus confirming the important role of cell morphology and adhesions in determining the MSC phenotype. In conclusion, our results suggest that the Nichoid, thanks to its exclusive architecture and 3D cell adhesion properties, is not only a useful tool for governing cell stemness but could also be a means for controlling immune-related MSC features specifically involved in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Testa
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy,*Correspondence: Carolina Testa, ; Manuela T. Raimondi,
| | - Stefania Oliveto
- Department of Bioscience (DBS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Donnaloja
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Pinoli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology (IFN)-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Ceri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffo
- Department of Bioscience (DBS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela T. Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy,*Correspondence: Carolina Testa, ; Manuela T. Raimondi,
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Zhou YH, Guo Y, Zhu JY, Tang CY, Zhao YQ, Zhou HD. Spheroid co-culture of BMSCs with osteocytes yields ring-shaped bone-like tissue that enhances alveolar bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14636. [PMID: 36030312 PMCID: PMC9420131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial bone defects severely impair appearance and function, and bioactive materials are urgently needed for bone regeneration. Here, we spheroid co-cultured green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells in different ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) or as monoculture. Bone-like tissue was formed in the 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 co-cultures and MLO-Y4 monoculture. We found a continuous dense calcium phosphate structure and spherical calcium phosphate similar to mouse femur with the 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 co-cultures, along with GFP-positive osteocyte-like cells encircled by an osteoid-like matrix similar to cortical bone. Flake-like calcium phosphate, which is more mature than spherical calcium phosphate, was found with the 3:1 and 2:1 co-cultures. Phosphorus and calcium signals were highest with 3:1 co-culture, and this bone-like tissue was ring-shaped. In a murine tooth extraction model, implantation of the ring-shaped bone-like tissue yielded more bone mass, osteoid and mineralized bone, and collagen versus no implantation. This tissue fabricated by spheroid co-culturing BMSCs with osteocytes yields an internal structure and mineral composition similar to mouse femur and could promote bone formation and maturation, accelerating regeneration. These findings open the way to new strategies in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chen-Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Patel M, Park S, Lee HJ, Jeong B. Polypeptide Thermogels as Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:521-530. [PMID: 30603576 PMCID: PMC6171707 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermogel is an aqueous solution that exhibits a sol-to-gel transition as the temperature increases. Stem cells, growth factors, and differentiating factors can be incorporated in situ in the matrix during the sol-to-gel transition, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) cell-culture scaffold. METHODS The uses of thermogelling polypeptides, such as collagen, Matrigel™, elastin-like polypeptides, and synthetic polypeptides, as 3D scaffolds of cells, are summarized in this paper. RESULTS The timely supply of growth factors to the cells, cell survival, and metabolite removal is to be insured in the cell culture matrix. Various growth factors were incorporated in the matrix during the sol-to-gel transition of the thermogelling polypeptide aqueous solutions, and preferential differentiation of the incorporated stem cells into specific target cells were investigated. In addition, modulus of the matrix was controlled by post-crosslinking reactions of thermogels or employing composite systems. Chemical functional groups as well as biological factors were selected appropriately for targeted differentiation of the incorporated stem cells. CONCLUSION In addition to all the advantages of thermogels including mild conditions for cell-incorporation and controlled supplies of the growth factors, polypeptide thermogels provide neutral pH environments to the cells during the degradation of the gel. Polypeptide thermogels as an injectable scaffold can be a promising system for their eventual in vivo applications in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea
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Reisbig NA, Hussein HA, Pinnell E, Bertone AL. Evaluation of equine synovial-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds seeded with equine synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:124-133. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jessop ZM, Al-Sabah A, Gardiner MD, Combellack E, Hawkins K, Whitaker IS. 3D bioprinting for reconstructive surgery: Principles, applications and challenges. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 70:1155-1170. [PMID: 28734756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing laboratory research in the growing field of 3D bioprinting, there are few reports of successful translation into surgical practice. This review outlines the principles of 3D bioprinting including software and hardware processes, biocompatible technological platforms and suitable bioinks. The advantages of 3D bioprinting over traditional tissue engineering techniques in assembling cells, biomaterials and biomolecules in a spatially controlled manner to reproduce native tissue macro-, micro- and nanoarchitectures are discussed, together with an overview of current progress in bioprinting tissue types relevant for plastic and reconstructive surgery. If successful, this platform technology has the potential to biomanufacture autologous tissue for reconstruction, obviating the need for donor sites or immunosuppression. The biological, technological and regulatory challenges are highlighted, with strategies to overcome these challenges by using an integrated approach from the fields of engineering, biomaterial science, cell biology and reconstructive microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita M Jessop
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Ayesha Al-Sabah
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Emman Combellack
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Karl Hawkins
- Rheology Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.
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Alves LB, Souza SLSD, Taba Jr M, Novaes Jr AB, Oliveira PTD, Palioto DB. Bioactive Glass Particles in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Osteogenic Cell Cultures. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:307-316. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the influence of a three-dimensional cell culture model and bioactive glass (BG) particles on the expression of osteoblastic phenotypes in rat calvaria osteogenic cells culture. Cells were seeded on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) collagen with BG particles for up to 14 days. Cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was performed. Cell morphology and immunolabeling of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins were assessed by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. The expressions of osteogenic markers were analyzed using RT-PCR. Mineralized bone-like nodule formation was visualized by microscopy and calcium content was assessed quantitatively by alizarin red assay. Experimental cultures produced a growing cell viability rate up to 14 days. Although ALP activity at 7 days was higher on BG cultures, cells on 3D and 3D+BG had an activity decrease of ALP at 14 days. Three-dimensional conditions favored the immunolabeling for OPN and BSP and the expression of ALP and COL I mRNAs. BG particles influenced positively the OC and OPN mRNAs expression and calcified nodule formation in vitro. The results indicated that the 3D cultures and BG particles contribute to the expression of osteoblastic phenotype and to differentiated and mineralized matrix formation.
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Nava MM, Di Maggio N, Zandrini T, Cerullo G, Osellame R, Martin I, Raimondi MT. Synthetic niche substrates engineered via two-photon laser polymerization for the expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2836-2845. [PMID: 27296669 PMCID: PMC5697673 DOI: 10.1002/term.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports on the development of an innovative culture substrate, micro-fabricated by two-photon laser polymerization (2PP) in a hybrid organic-inorganic photoresin. It was previously demonstrated that this substrate is able to guide spontaneous homing and colonization of mesenchymal stromal cells by the presence of synthetic microniches. Here, the number of niches covering the culture substrate was increased up to 10% of the total surface. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were expanded for 3 weeks and then their proliferation, clonogenic capacity and bilineage differentiation potential towards the osteogenic and adipogenic lineage were evaluated, both by colorimetric assays and by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with cells cultured on glass substrates, cells expanded on 2PP substrates showed a greater colony diameter, which is an index of clonogenic potential. Following medium conditioning on 2PP-cultured cells, the expression of RUNX2 and BSP genes, as well as PPAR-gamma, was significantly greater than that measured on glass controls. Thus, human cells expanded on the synthetic niche substrate maintained their proliferative potential, clonogenic capacity and bilineage differentiation potential more effectively than cells expanded on glass substrates and in some aspects were comparable to non-expanded cells. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuela T Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Snyder J, Rin Son A, Hamid Q, Wang C, Lui Y, Sun W. Mesenchymal stem cell printing and process regulated cell properties. Biofabrication 2015; 7:044106. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/4/044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cao H, Kang BJ, Lee CA, Shung KK, Hsiai TK. Electrical and Mechanical Strategies to Enable Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2015; 8:114-24. [PMID: 25974948 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2015.2431681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate replacement of lost ventricular myocardium from myocardial infarction leads to heart failure. Investigating the regenerative capacity of mammalian hearts represents an emerging direction for tissue engineering and cell-based therapy. Recent advances in stem cells hold promise to restore cardiac functions. However, embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes lack functional phenotypes of the native myocardium, and transplanted tissues are not fully integrated for synchronized electrical and mechanical coupling with the host. In this context, this review highlights the mechanical and electrical strategies to promote cardiomyocyte maturation and integration, and to assess the functional phenotypes of regenerating myocardium. Simultaneous microelectrocardiogram and high-frequency ultrasound techniques will also be introduced to assess electrical and mechanical coupling for small animal models of heart regeneration.
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Teng NY, Liu YS, Wu HH, Liu YA, Ho JH, Lee OKS. Promotion of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition by Rac1 inhibition with small molecules accelerates hepatic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1444-54. [PMID: 25625545 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of stem cells into specific cell lineages provides a stable cell supply for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying such differentiation processes is critical for generating committed lineage-specific cell progenies effectively. We previously developed a two-step protocol to differentiate mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells. Since hepatic differentiation involves mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), we hypothesize that promoting MET could further accelerate the differentiation process. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is involved in actin polymerization and its role in MET was investigated in the study. Our results showed that inhibition of Rac1 activation by Rac1-specific inhibitor, NSC23766, led to cells favoring epithelial morphology and being more packed during hepatic differentiation. In addition, Rac1 inhibition accelerated the upregulation of hepatic marker genes accompanied by more mature hepatic functions. Taken together, promotion of MET by inhibiting Rac1 accelerates the hepatic differentiation of MSCs. Our findings open a new prospect of directing the commitment of MSCs by manipulating cell morphology and cytoskeleton arrangement through small molecules. The results provide further insight into scaffold design for rapid production of MSC-differentiated hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Yuan Teng
- 1 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
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Sellgren KL, Ma T. Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2509-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn L. Sellgren
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida 32310
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida 32310
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Levato R, Visser J, Planell JA, Engel E, Malda J, Mateos-Timoneda MA. Biofabrication of tissue constructs by 3D bioprinting of cell-laden microcarriers. Biofabrication 2014; 6:035020. [PMID: 25048797 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/3/035020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting allows the fabrication of living constructs with custom-made architectures by spatially controlled deposition of multiple bioinks. This is important for the generation of tissue, such as osteochondral tissue, which displays a zonal composition in the cartilage domain supported by the underlying subchondral bone. Challenges in fabricating functional grafts of clinically relevant size include the incorporation of cues to guide specific cell differentiation and the generation of sufficient cells, which is hard to obtain with conventional cell culture techniques. A novel strategy to address these demands is to combine bioprinting with microcarrier technology. This technology allows for the extensive expansion of cells, while they form multi-cellular aggregates, and their phenotype can be controlled. In this work, living constructs were fabricated via bioprinting of cell-laden microcarriers. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-laden polylactic acid microcarriers, obtained via static culture or spinner flask expansion, were encapsulated in gelatin methacrylamide-gellan gum bioinks, and the printability of the composite material was studied. This bioprinting approach allowed for the fabrication of constructs with high cell concentration and viability. Microcarrier encapsulation improved the compressive modulus of the hydrogel constructs, facilitated cell adhesion, and supported osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix deposition by MSCs. Bilayered osteochondral models were fabricated using microcarrier-laden bioink for the bone compartment. These findings underscore the potential of this new microcarrier-based biofabrication approach for bone and osteochondral constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Levato
- Biomaterials for regenerative therapies group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Mechanical stress stimulates the osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla via erk 1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:494378. [PMID: 24826377 PMCID: PMC4009119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/494378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are a potent candidate for the apexogenesis/apexification due to their multiple differentiation capacity. During the orthodontic treatment of developing teeth, SCAPs in vivo are usually subjected to the cyclic stress induced by compression forces. However, it remains unclear whether mechanical stress can affect the proliferation and differentiation of human SCAPs. RESULTS Human SCAPs were isolated and stimulated by 200 g mechanical stimuli for 30 min and their proliferation and differentiation capacity were evaluated in vitro at different time points. MTT and FCM results demonstrated that cell proliferation was enhanced, while TEM findings showed the morphological and ultrastructural changes in stress-treated SCAPs. ALP activity and mineralization capacity of stress-treated SCAPs were upregulated . In the meantime, higher odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation were found in stress-treated SCAPs by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, as indicated by the expression of related markers at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the protein expressions of pJNK and pERK MAPK pathways were upregulated. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest that mechanical stress is an important factor affecting the proliferation and differentiation of SCAPs via the activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathway.
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Lin HH, Hwang SM, Wu SJ, Hsu LF, Liao YH, Sheen YS, Chuang WH, Huang SY. The osteoblastogenesis potential of adipose mesenchymal stem cells in myeloma patients who had received intensive therapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94395. [PMID: 24722177 PMCID: PMC3983165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by advanced osteolytic lesions resulting from the activation of osteoclasts (OCs) and inhibition of osteoblasts (OBs). OBs are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow (BM), however the pool and function of BMMSCs in MM patients (MM-BMMSCs) are reduced by myeloma cells (MCs) and cytokines secreted from MCs and related anti-MM treatment. Such reduction in MM-BMMSCs currently cannot be restored by any means. Recently, genetic aberrations of MM-BMMSCs have been noted, which further impaired their differentiation toward OBs. We hypothesize that the MSCs derived from adipose tissue (ADMSCs) can be used as alternative MSC sources to enhance the pool and function of OBs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the osteogenesis ability of paired ADMSCs and BMMSCs in MM patients who had completed intensive therapy. Fifteen MM patients who had received bortezomib-based induction and autologous transplantation were enrolled. At the third month after the transplant, the paired ADMSCs and BMMSCs were obtained and cultured. Compared with the BMMSCs, the ADMSCs exhibited a significantly higher expansion capacity (100% vs 13%, respectively; P = .001) and shorter doubling time (28 hours vs 115 hours, respectively; P = .019). After inducing osteogenic differentiation, although the ALP activity did not differ between the ADMSCs and BMMSCs (0.78 U/µg vs 0.74±0.14 U/µg, respectively; P = .834), the ADMSCs still exhibited higher calcium mineralization, which was determined using Alizarin red S (1029 nmole vs 341 nmole, respectively; P = .001) and von Kossa staining (2.6 E+05 µm2 vs 5 E+04 µm2, respectively; P = .042), than the BMMSCs did. Our results suggested that ADMSCs are a feasible MSC source for enhancing the pool and function of OBs in MM patients who have received intensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Hsia Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Feng Hsu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuan Sheen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Yang C, Lee JS, Jung UW, Seo YK, Park JK, Choi SH. Periodontal regeneration with nano-hyroxyapatite-coated silk scaffolds in dogs. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:315-22. [PMID: 24455445 PMCID: PMC3891864 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.6.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the effect of silk scaffolds on one-wall periodontal intrabony defects. We conjugated nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) onto a silk scaffold and then seeded periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) or dental pulp cells (DPCs) onto the scaffold. METHODS Five dogs were used in this study. Bilateral 4 mm×2 mm (depth×mesiodistal width), one-wall intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created on the distal side of the mandibular second premolar and the mesial side of the mandibular fourth premolar. In each dog, four of the defects were separately and randomly assigned to the following groups: the PDLC-cultured scaffold transplantation group (PDLC group), the DPC-cultured scaffold transplantation group (DPC group), the normal saline-soaked scaffold transplantation group, and the control group. The animals were euthanized following an 8-week healing interval for clinical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histologic evaluations. RESULTS There was no sign of inflammation or other clinical signs of postoperative complications. The examination of cell-seeded constructs by SEM provided visual confirmation of the favorable characteristics of nHA-coated silk scaffolds for tissue engineering. The scaffolds exhibited a firm connective porous structure in cross section, and after PDLCs and DPCs were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultured for 3 weeks, the attachment of well-spread cells and the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) were observed. The histologic analysis revealed that a well-maintained grafted volume was present at all experimental sites for 8 weeks. Small amounts of inflammatory cells were seen within the scaffolds. The PDLC and DPC groups did not have remarkably different histologic appearances. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that nHA-coated silk scaffolds can be considered to be potentially useful biomaterials for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Keug Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Sonowal H, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya J, Gogoi PK, Jaganathan BG. Inhibition of actin polymerization decreases osteogeneic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through p38 MAPK pathway. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:71. [PMID: 24070328 PMCID: PMC3849435 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) are important candidates for therapeutic applications due to their ex vivo proliferation and differentiation capacity. MSC differentiation is controlled by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and actin cytoskeleton plays a major role in the event. In the current study, we tried to understand the initial molecular mechanisms and pathways that regulate the differentiation of MSC into osteocytes or adipocytes. Results We observed that actin modification was important during differentiation and differentially regulated during adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Initial disruption of actin polymerization reduced further differentiation of MSC into osteocytes and osteogenic differentiation was accompanied by increase in ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. However, only p38 MAPK phosphorylation was down regulated upon inhibition of actin polymerization which as accompanied by decreased CD49E expression. Conclusion Taken together, our results show that actin modification is a pre-requisite for MSC differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes and osteogenic differentiation is regulated through p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Thus by modifying their cytoskeleton the differentiation potential of MSC could be controlled which might have important implications for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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17
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Kampmann A, Lindhorst D, Schumann P, Zimmerer R, Kokemüller H, Rücker M, Gellrich NC, Tavassol F. Additive effect of mesenchymal stem cells and VEGF to vascularization of PLGA scaffolds. Microvasc Res 2013; 90:71-9. [PMID: 23899416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) are widely used for the generation of tissue engineering constructs, since they can differentiate into different cell types occurring in bone tissues. Until now their use for the generation of tissue engineering constructs is limited. All cells inside a tissue engineering construct die within a short period of time after implantation of the construct because vascularization and establishment of connections to the recipient circulatory system is a time consuming process. We therefore compared the influences of bmMSC, VEGF and a combination of both on the early processes of vascularization, utilizing the mice skinfold chamber model and intravital fluorescence microscopy. Tissue engineering constructs based on collagen coated Poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffolds, were either functionalized by coating with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or vitalized with bmMSC. PLGA without cells and growth factor was used as the control group. Functionalized and vitalized tissue engineering constructs showed an accelerated growth of microvessels compared to controls. Only marginal differences in vascular growth were detected between VEGF containing and bmMSC containing constructs. Constructs containing VEGF and bmMSC showed a further enhanced microvascular growth at day 14. We conclude that bmMSCs are well suited for bone tissue engineering applications, since they are a valuable source of angiogenic growth factors and are able to differentiate into the tissue specific cell types of interest. The dynamic process of vascularization triggered by growth factor producing cells can be amplified and stabilized with the addition of accessory growth factors, leading to a persisting angiogenesis, but strategies are needed that enhance the resistance of bmMSC to hypoxia and increase survival of these cells until the tissue engineering construct has build up a functional vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kampmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Naito H, Yoshimura M, Mizuno T, Takasawa S, Tojo T, Taniguchi S. The advantages of three-dimensional culture in a collagen hydrogel for stem cell differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2838-45. [PMID: 23468218 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) culture in a collagen hydrogel for stem cell differentiation, including the morphology of differentiated cells, differentiation efficiency of stem cells from aged rat and cells after passaging and freeze/thawing. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and aged rats, and MSCs after passaging and freeze/thawing were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts in 3D and 2D cultures, and histological studies were performed. Differentiation efficiency was evaluated by markers of osteoblastic differentiation including Runx2 and osterix gene expressions, osteocalcin secretion and calcium deposition. MSCs were stained positive for alkaline phosphatase in 3D and 2D cultures. However, the morphology of differentiated cells in 3D culture, which was different from that in 2D culture, was similar to that of osteoblasts in vivo. Markers of osteoblastic differentiation in MSCs from aged rats in 3D culture were higher than those in MSCs from young rats in 2D culture. Markers of osteoblastic differentiation in MSCs after passaging and freeze/thawing in 3D culture were higher than those in nonpassaged MSCs in 2D culture. These results indicate that 3D culture in a collagen hydrogel has advantages for the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts with a similar phenotype to that of in vivo, when using even MSCs from aged donors or after passaging and freeze/thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Naito
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Xishan Z, Baoxin H, Xinna Z, Jun R. Comparison of the effects of human adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on T lymphocytes. Cell Biol Int 2012; 37:11-8. [PMID: 23319317 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can be derived either from the bone marrow (bMSCs) or adipose tissue (aMSCs). We have compared the immune regulatory properties of cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue to provide a theoretical basis for the choice of stem cell source for transplantation. The phenotypes of bMSCs and aMSCs are similar, differing only in the expression of CD106. aMSCs proliferate faster than bMSCs, but aMSCs suppressed T-lymphocyte proliferation and activation more poorly than bMSCs. Thus cell origin and abundance are important factors in determining the suitability of MSCs for transplantation. Adipose tissue offers a more promising source of cells for such an application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xishan
- Institute of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capitial Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
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20
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Wu CH, Lee FK, Suresh Kumar S, Ling QD, Chang Y, Chang Y, Wang HC, Chen H, Chen DC, Hsu ST, Higuchi A. The isolation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells using membrane filtration. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Controlling self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells via mechanical cues. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:797410. [PMID: 23091358 PMCID: PMC3471035 DOI: 10.1155/2012/797410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of stem cell response in vitro, including self-renewal and lineage commitment, has been proved to be directed by mechanical cues, even in the absence of biochemical stimuli. Through integrin-mediated focal adhesions, cells are able to anchor onto the underlying substrate, sense the surrounding microenvironment, and react to its properties. Substrate-cell and cell-cell interactions activate specific mechanotransduction pathways that regulate stem cell fate. Mechanical factors, including substrate stiffness, surface nanotopography, microgeometry, and extracellular forces can all have significant influence on regulating stem cell activities. In this paper, we review all the most recent literature on the effect of purely mechanical cues on stem cell response, and we introduce the concept of "force isotropy" relevant to cytoskeletal forces and relevant to extracellular loads acting on cells, to provide an interpretation of how the effects of insoluble biophysical signals can be used to direct stem cells fate in vitro.
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22
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Bose S, Roy M, Bandyopadhyay A. Recent advances in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:546-54. [PMID: 22939815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1188] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone disorders are of significant concern due to increase in the median age of our population. Traditionally, bone grafts have been used to restore damaged bone. Synthetic biomaterials are now being used as bone graft substitutes. These biomaterials were initially selected for structural restoration based on their biomechanical properties. Later scaffolds were engineered to be bioactive or bioresorbable to enhance tissue growth. Now scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous, made of biodegradable materials that harbor different growth factors, drugs, genes, or stem cells. In this review, we highlight recent advances in bone scaffolds and discuss aspects that still need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W.M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA.
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23
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Decaris ML, Binder BY, Soicher MA, Bhat A, Leach JK. Cell-derived matrix coatings for polymeric scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2148-57. [PMID: 22651377 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in culture deposit a complex extracellular matrix that remains intact following decellularization and possesses the capacity to modulate cell phenotype. The direct application of such decellularized matrices (DMs) to 3D substrates is problematic, as transport issues influence the homogeneous deposition, decellularization, and modification of DM surface coatings. In an attempt to address this shortcoming, we hypothesized that DMs deposited by human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be transferred to the surface of polymeric scaffolds while maintaining their capacity to direct cell fate. The ability of the transferred DM (tDM)-coated scaffolds to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of undifferentiated and osteogenically induced MSCs under osteogenic conditions in vitro was confirmed. tDM-coated scaffolds increased MSC expression of osteogenic marker genes (BGLAP, IBSP) and intracellular alkaline phosphatase production. In addition, undifferentiated MSCs deposited significantly more calcium when seeded onto tDM-coated scaffolds compared with control scaffolds. MSC-seeded tDM-coated scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in nude rats displayed significantly higher blood vessel density after 2 weeks compared with cells on uncoated scaffolds, but we did not observe significant differences in mineral deposition after 8 weeks. These data demonstrate that DM-coatings produced in 2D culture can be successfully transferred to 3D substrates and retain their capacity to modulate cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Decaris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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24
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Zhu X, Shi W, Tai W, Liu F. The comparition of biological characteristics and multilineage differentiation of bone marrow and adipose derived Mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:277-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Liu C, Abedian R, Meister R, Haasper C, Hurschler C, Krettek C, von Lewinski G, Jagodzinski M. Influence of perfusion and compression on the proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells seeded on polyurethane scaffolds. Biomaterials 2012; 33:1052-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Dado D, Sagi M, Levenberg S, Zemel A. Mechanical control of stem cell differentiation. Regen Med 2012; 7:101-16. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on identifying the chemical and biological factors that govern the differentiation of stem cells; however, recent research has shown that mechanical cues may play an equally important role. Mechanical forces such as shear stresses and tensile loads, as well as the rigidity and topography of the extracellular matrix were shown to induce significant changes in the morphology and fate of stem cells. We survey experimental studies that focused on the response of stem cells to mechanical and geometrical properties of their environment and discuss the mechanical mechanisms that accompany their response including the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and determination of cell and nucleus size and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekel Dado
- Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Maayan Sagi
- Institute of Dental Sciences & the Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew-University, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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