1
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Shimizu R, Asawa Y, Komura M, Hoshi K, Hikita A. Superior stemness of a rapidly growing subgroup of isolated human auricular chondrocytes and the potential for use in cartilage regenerative therapy. Regen Ther 2022; 19:47-57. [PMID: 35059479 PMCID: PMC8739869 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In cartilage regenerative medicine, transplanted chondrocytes contain a mixture of populations, that complicates the regeneration of uniform cartilage tissue. Our group previously reported that chondrocytes with higher chondrogenic ability could be enriched by selection of rapidly growing cells. In this study, the detailed properties of rapidly growing chondrocytes were examined and compared to slowly growing cells. Methods Human auricular chondrocytes were fluorescently labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and analyzed using flow cytometry, focusing on division rates as indicated by fluorescence intensity and cell morphology according to the forward scatter and side scatter. Rapid and slow growing cell groups were harvested on days 2 and 4 after CFSE labeling, and their ability to produce cartilage matrix in vitro was examined. To compare the chondrogenic ability in vivo, the cells were seeded on poly-l-lactic acid scaffolds and transplanted into nude mice. Gene expression differences between the rapid and slow cell groups were investigated by microarray analysis. Results On day 2 after CFSE labeling, the rapidly growing cell group showed the highest proliferation rate. The results of pellet culture showed that the rapid cell group produced more glycosaminoglycans per cell than the slow cell group. The amount of glycosaminoglycan production was highest in the rapid cell group on day 2 after CFSE labeling, indicating high chondrogenic ability. Furthermore, microarray, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed upregulation of genes that promote cell division such as origin recognition complex subunit 1 and downregulation of genes that inhibit cell division such as cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A. Besides cell cycle-related genes, chondrocyte-related genes such as serpin family B member 2, clusterin, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 were downregulated, while fibroblast growth factor 5 which is involved in stem cell maintenance, and coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 2A, which is required for cilia formation, were upregulated. Conclusion The results showed that the rapid cell group proliferated well and had more undifferentiated properties, suggesting a higher stemness. The present findings provide a basis for the use of the rapid cell group in cartilage regeneration. Highly-chondrogenic chondrocytes can be enriched based on their high division rate. Rapidly dividing cells are smaller and have less granularity. Cell cycle-related genes are upregulated in rapidly dividing cells. Chondrocyte-related genes are downregulated in rapidly dividing cells.
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2
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Jablonski CL, Besler BA, Ali J, Krawetz RJ. p21 -/- Mice Exhibit Spontaneous Articular Cartilage Regeneration Post-Injury. Cartilage 2021; 13:1608S-1617S. [PMID: 31556320 PMCID: PMC8804758 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519876348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have implicated the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, in enhanced tissue regeneration observed in MRL/MpJ "super-healer" mice. Specifically, p21 is downregulated in MRL cells and similar ear hole closure to MRL mice has been observed in p21-/- mice. However, the direct implications of p21 deletion in endogenous articular cartilage regeneration remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of p21 deletion in the ability of mice to heal full-thickness cartilage defects (FTCDs). DESIGN C57BL/6 and p21-/- (Cdkn1atm1Tyj) mice were subjected to FTCD and assessment of cartilage healing was performed at 1 hour, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post-FTCD using a 14-point histological scoring system. X-ray microscopy was used to quantify cartilage healing parameters (e.g., cartilage thickness, surface area/volume) between C57BL/6 and p21-/- mice. RESULTS Absence of p21 resulted in increased spontaneous articular cartilage regeneration by 3 days post-FTCD. Furthermore, p21-/- mice presented with increased cartilage thickness at 1 and 2 weeks post-FTCD compared with uninjured controls, returning to baseline by 4 weeks post-FTCD. CONCLUSIONS We report that p21-/- mice display enhanced articular cartilage regeneration post-FTCD compared with C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, cartilage thickness was increased in p21-/- mice at 1 week post-FTCD compared with uninjured p21-/- mice and C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Jablonski
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryce A. Besler
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jahaan Ali
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman J. Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint
Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Surgery, University of
Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Roman J Krawetz, McCaig Institute for Bone
and Joint Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
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3
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Faust HJ, Zhang H, Han J, Wolf MT, Jeon OH, Sadtler K, Peña AN, Chung L, Maestas DR, Tam AJ, Pardoll DM, Campisi J, Housseau F, Zhou D, Bingham CO, Elisseeff JH. IL-17 and immunologically induced senescence regulate response to injury in osteoarthritis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5493-5507. [PMID: 32955487 PMCID: PMC7524483 DOI: 10.1172/jci134091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells (SnCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases including osteoarthritis (OA), in part via expression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that includes immunologically relevant factors and cytokines. In a model of posttraumatic OA (PTOA), anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced a type 17 immune response in the articular compartment and draining inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) that paralleled expression of the senescence marker p16INK4a (Cdkn2a) and p21 (Cdkn1a). Innate lymphoid cells, γδ+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells contributed to IL-17 expression. Intra-articular injection of IL-17-neutralizing antibody reduced joint degeneration and decreased expression of the senescence marker Cdkn1a. Local and systemic senolysis was required to attenuate tissue damage in aged animals and was associated with decreased IL-17 and increased IL-4 expression in the articular joint and draining LNs. In vitro, we found that Th17 cells induced senescence in fibroblasts and that SnCs skewed naive T cells toward Th17 or Th1, depending on the presence of TGF-β. The SASP profile of the inflammation-induced SnCs included altered Wnt signaling, tissue remodeling, and cell-cycle pathways not previously implicated in senescence. These findings provide molecular targets and mechanisms for senescence induction and therapeutic strategies to support tissue healing in an aged environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Faust
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew T. Wolf
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ok Hee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis N. Peña
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liam Chung
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David R. Maestas
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ada J. Tam
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | | | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clifton O. Bingham
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and
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4
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Huynh NP, Gloss CC, Lorentz J, Tang R, Brunger JM, McAlinden A, Zhang B, Guilak F. Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway. eLife 2020; 9:49558. [PMID: 32202492 PMCID: PMC7202894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in musculoskeletal development, disease, and regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the novel lncRNA GRASLND (originally named RNF144A-AS1) as a regulator of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. GRASLND, a primate-specific lncRNA, is upregulated during MSC chondrogenesis and appears to act directly downstream of SOX9, but not TGF-β3. We showed that the silencing of GRASLND resulted in lower accumulation of cartilage-like extracellular matrix in a pellet assay, while GRASLND overexpression – either via transgene ectopic expression or by endogenous activation via CRISPR-dCas9-VP64 – significantly enhanced cartilage matrix production. GRASLND acts to inhibit IFN-γ by binding to EIF2AK2, and we further demonstrated that GRASLND exhibits a protective effect in engineered cartilage against interferon type II. Our results indicate an important role of GRASLND in regulating stem cell chondrogenesis, as well as its therapeutic potential in the treatment of cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Pt Huynh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Catherine C Gloss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Jeremiah Lorentz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
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5
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D'Costa S, Rich MJ, Diekman BO. Engineered Cartilage from Human Chondrocytes with Homozygous Knockout of Cell Cycle Inhibitor p21. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:441-449. [PMID: 31642391 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease with limited treatment options. The search for disease-modifying OA therapies would benefit from a more comprehensive knowledge of the genetic variants that contribute to chondrocyte dysfunction and the barriers to cartilage regeneration. One goal of this study was to establish a system for producing engineered cartilage tissue from genetically defined primary human chondrocytes through genome editing and single-cell expansion. This process was utilized to investigate the functional effect of biallelic knockout of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. The use of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) CRISPR/Cas9 complexes targeting two sites in the coding region of p21 resulted in a high frequency (16%) of colonies with homozygous p21 knockout. Chondrogenic pellet cultures from expanded chondrocytes with complete loss of p21 produced more glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and maintained a higher cell number. Single-cell-derived colonies retained the potential for robust matrix production after expansion, allowing for analysis of colony variability from the same population of targeted cells. The effect of enhanced cartilage matrix production in p21 knockout chondrocytes persisted when matrix production from individual colonies was analyzed. Chondrocytes had lower levels of p21 protein with further expansion, and the difference in GAG production with p21 knockout was strongest at early passages. These results support previous findings that implicate p21 as a barrier to cartilage matrix production and regenerative capacity. Furthermore, this work establishes the use of genome-edited human chondrocytes as a promising approach for engineered tissue models containing user-defined gene knockouts and other genetic variants for investigation of OA pathogenesis. Impact Statement This work provides two important advances to the field of tissue engineering. One is the demonstration that engineered cartilage tissue can be produced from genetically defined populations of primary human chondrocytes. While CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing has been extensively used in cell lines that divide indefinitely, this work extends the technique to an engineered tissue model system to support investigation of genetic changes that affect cartilage production. A second contribution is the finding that chondrocytes with p21 knockout synthesized more cartilage matrix tissue than unedited controls. This supports the continued investigation of p21 as a potential barrier to effective cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D'Costa
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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6
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Bertram KL, Narendran N, Tailor P, Jablonski C, Leonard C, Irvine E, Hess R, Masson AO, Abubacker S, Rinker K, Biernaskie J, Yates RM, Salo P, Narendran A, Krawetz RJ. 17-DMAG regulates p21 expression to induce chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/10/dmm033662. [PMID: 30305302 PMCID: PMC6215425 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration after injury affects a significant percentage of the population, including those that will go on to develop osteoarthritis (OA). Like humans, most mammals, including mice, are incapable of regenerating injured cartilage. Interestingly, it has previously been shown that p21 (Cdkn1a) knockout (p21-/-) mice demonstrate auricular (ear) cartilage regeneration. However, the loss of p21 expression is highly correlated with the development of numerous types of cancer and autoimmune diseases, limiting the therapeutic translation of these findings. Therefore, in this study, we employed a screening approach to identify an inhibitor (17-DMAG) that negatively regulates the expression of p21. We also validated that this compound can induce chondrogenesis in vitro (in adult mesenchymal stem cells) and in vivo (auricular cartilage injury model). Furthermore, our results suggest that 17-DMAG can induce the proliferation of terminally differentiated chondrocytes (in vitro and in vivo), while maintaining their chondrogenic phenotype. This study provides new insights into the regulation of chondrogenesis that might ultimately lead to new therapies for cartilage injury and/or OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri L Bertram
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nadia Narendran
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Tailor
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christina Jablonski
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Catherine Leonard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Edward Irvine
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ricarda Hess
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anand O Masson
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Saleem Abubacker
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kristina Rinker
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul Salo
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada .,Department Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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7
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Huynh NPT, Brunger JM, Gloss CC, Moutos FT, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differential Matrix Deposition on 3D Woven Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1531-1544. [PMID: 29756533 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches for the repair of osteochondral defects using biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells have remained challenging due to the inherent complexities of inducing cartilage-like matrix and bone-like matrix within the same local environment. Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family have been extensively utilized in the engineering of skeletal tissues, but have distinct effects on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. The goal of this study was to develop a method to direct human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to deposit either mineralized matrix or a cartilaginous matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen within the same biochemical environment. This differential induction was performed by culturing cells on engineered three-dimensionally woven poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds in a chondrogenic environment for cartilage-like matrix production while inhibiting TGFβ3 signaling through Mothers against DPP homolog 3 (SMAD3) knockdown, in combination with overexpressing RUNX2, to achieve mineralization. The highest levels of mineral deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed on scaffolds with genetically engineered MSCs and exhibited a synergistic effect in response to SMAD3 knockdown and RUNX2 expression. Meanwhile, unmodified MSCs on PCL scaffolds exhibited accumulation of an extracellular matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen in the same biochemical environment. This ability to derive differential matrix deposition in a single culture condition opens new avenues for developing complex tissue replacements for chondral or osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P T Huynh
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,3 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Catherine C Gloss
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Charles A Gersbach
- 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Farshid Guilak
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,5 Cytex Therapeutics, Inc. , Durham, North Carolina
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8
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Lolli A, Penolazzi L, Narcisi R, van Osch GJVM, Piva R. Emerging potential of gene silencing approaches targeting anti-chondrogenic factors for cell-based cartilage repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3451-3465. [PMID: 28434038 PMCID: PMC11107620 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of cartilage repair has exponentially been growing over the past decade. Here, we discuss the possibility to achieve satisfactory regeneration of articular cartilage by means of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) depleted of anti-chondrogenic factors and implanted in the site of injury. Different types of molecules including transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, secreted proteins, and microRNAs have recently been identified as negative modulators of chondroprogenitor differentiation and chondrocyte function. We review the current knowledge about these molecules as potential targets for gene knockdown strategies using RNA interference (RNAi) tools that allow the specific suppression of gene function. The critical issues regarding the optimization of the gene silencing approach as well as the delivery strategies are discussed. We anticipate that further development of these techniques will lead to the generation of implantable hMSCs with enhanced potential to regenerate articular cartilage damaged by injury, disease, or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lolli
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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9
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The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool to study skeletal dysplasias and cartilage-related pathologic conditions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:616-624. [PMID: 27919783 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has opened up new horizons for development of new research tools especially for skeletal dysplasias, which often lack human disease models. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering could be the next areas to benefit from refinement of iPSC methods to repair focal cartilage defects, while applications for osteoarthritis (OA) and drug screening have evolved rather slowly. Although the advances in iPSC research of skeletal dysplasias and repair of focal cartilage lesions are not directly relevant to OA, they can be considered to pave the way to future prospects and solutions to OA research, too. The same problems which face the present cell-based treatments of cartilage injuries concern also the iPSC-based ones. However, established iPSC lines, which have no genomic aberrations and which efficiently differentiate into extracellular matrix secreting chondrocytes, could be an invaluable cell source for cell transplantations in the future. The safety issues concerning the recipient risks of teratoma formation and immune response still have to be solved before the potential use of iPSCs in cartilage repair of focal cartilage defects and OA.
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10
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Lolli A, Narcisi R, Lambertini E, Penolazzi L, Angelozzi M, Kops N, Gasparini S, van Osch GJ, Piva R. Silencing of Antichondrogenic MicroRNA-221 in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Cartilage Repair In Vivo. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1801-11. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lolli
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; CN Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; CN Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Simona Gasparini
- Department of Orthopaedics; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; CN Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; CN Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; CN Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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