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Zhao Z, Sun Y, Qiao Q, Weir MD, Schneider A, Masri R, Lynch CD, Zhang N, Zhang K, Bai Y, Xu H. Calvaria defect regeneration via human periodontal ligament stem cells and prevascularized scaffolds in athymic rats. J Dent 2023; 138:104690. [PMID: 37666466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascularization plays an important role in dental and craniofacial regenerations. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are a promising cell source and, when co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs), could promote vascularization. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel prevascularized hPDLSC-hUVEC-calcium phosphate construct, and investigate the osteogenic and angiogenic efficacy of this construct with human platelet lysate (hPL) in cranial defects in rats for the first time. METHODS hPDLSCs and hUVECs were co-cultured on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds with hPL. Cell proliferation, angiogenic gene expression, angiogenesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and cell-synthesized minerals were determined. Bone and vascular regenerations were investigated in rat critical-sized cranial defects in vivo. RESULTS hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC-hPL group had 2-fold greater angiogenic expressions and cell-synthesized mineral synthesis than hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC group (p < 0.05). Microcapillary-like structures were formed on scaffolds in vitro. hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC-hPL group had more vessels than hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC group (p < 0.05). In cranial defects in rats, hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC-hPL group regenerated new bone amount that was 2.1 folds and 4.0 folds, respectively, that of hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC group and CPC control (p < 0.05). New blood vessel density of hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC-hPL group was 2 folds and 7.9 folds, respectively, that of hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC group and CPC control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The hPL pre-culture method is promising to enhance bone regeneration via prevascularized CPC. Novel hPDLSC-hUVEC-CPC-hPL prevascularized construct increased new bone formation and blood vessel density by 4-8 folds over CPC control. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Novel hPDLSC-hUVEC-hPL-CPC prevascularized construct greatly increased bone and vascular regeneration in vivo and hence is promising for a wide range of craniofacial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxi Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchen Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christopher D Lynch
- Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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De Becker A, Heestermans R, De Brouwer W, Bockstaele K, Maes K, Van Riet I. Genetic profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after in vitro expansion in clinical grade human platelet lysate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1008271. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1008271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic cells that have a broad therapeutic potential. To obtain sufficient cells for clinical application, they must be expanded ex vivo. In the initial expansion protocols described, fetal calf serum (FCS) was used as the reference growth supplement, but more recently different groups started to replace FCS with platelet lysate (PL). We investigated in this study the impact of the culture supplement on gene expression of MSCs. Human bone marrow derived MSCs were expanded in vitro in FCS and PL supplemented medium. We found that MSCs expanded in PL-containing medium (PL-MSCs) express typical MSC immunomorphological features and can migrate, as their counterparts expanded in FCS-containing medium, through a layer of endothelial cells in vitro. Additionally, they show an increased proliferation rate compared to MSCs expanded in FCS medium (FCS-MSCs). RNA sequencing performed for MSCs cultured in both types of expansion medium revealed a large impact of the choice of growth supplement on gene expression: 1974 genes were at least twofold up- or downregulated. We focused on impact of genes involved in apoptosis and senescence. Our data showed that PL-MSCs express more anti-apoptotic genes and FCS-MSCs more pro-apoptotic genes. FCS-MSCs showed upregulation of senescence-related genes after four passages whereas this was rarer in PL-MSCs at the same timepoint. Since PL-MSCs show higher proliferation rates and anti-apoptotic gene expression, they might acquire features that predispose them to malignant transformation. We screened 10 MSC samples expanded in PL-based medium for the presence of tumor-associated genetic variants using a 165 gene panel and detected only 21 different genetic variants. According to our analysis, none of these were established pathogenic mutations. Our data show that differences in culture conditions such as growth supplement have a significant impact on the gene expression profile of MSCs and favor the use of PL over FCS for expansion of MSCs.
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3
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Wang Q, Wang W, Zhang P, Zhou Z, Li T, Li J, Canavese F, Gao M. A Simplified Method for RNA Isolation from Biofabricating Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds and Identification of Appropriate Reference Genes. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To validate a simplified RNA isolation method from biofabricating hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to identify the appropriate reference gene.
Methods
Ten MSCs-HAp composites were used for RNA isolation by methods based on simplified homogenization steps and column-based purification procedures, while the remaining RNA (n = 13) was extracted by traditional single-step isolation methods. The differences between the two procedures regarding the operation time, RNA quantity and quality were evaluated. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to identify the appropriate reference gene.
Results
The simplified method showed significant superiority in operation time (P < 0.001), RNA concentration (P < 0.001), A260/280 ratio (P = 0.005) and A260/230 ratio (P < 0.001). The average integrity number and 28 s/18 s ratio of RNA yielded by the simplified method were 9.1 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.1, respectively. The qRT-PCR analysis results indicated that the cycle threshold (Ct) values of GAPDH were significantly higher than those of the remaining 2 reference genes (ACTB and RPL13A) in the RNA samples obtained by the simplified and traditional methods (P < 0.05). The standard deviations of the ΔCt value (the difference between the Ct value and the minimum) of ACTB were higher than those of GAPDH or RPL13A, regardless of the RNA isolation method.
Conclusion
The simplified method could extract intact RNA from biofabricating MSCs-HAp scaffolds and was superior to the traditional single-step procedure in operation time, RNA quantity and quality. GAPDH was identified as the most appropriate reference gene in MSCs-HAp scaffold composites due to its high quantity and good stability.
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4
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Schepici G, Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. Serum-Free Cultures: Could They Be a Future Direction to Improve Neuronal Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126391. [PMID: 35742836 PMCID: PMC9223839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with multilinear potential, known for their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Although the scientific community is working to improve their application, concerns limit their use to repair tissues following neurological damage. One of these obstacles is represented by the use of culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), which, due to its xenogenic nature and the risk of contamination, has increased scientific, ethical and safety problems. Therefore, the use of serum-free media could improve MSC culture methods, avoiding infectious and immunogenic transmission problems as well as MSC bioprocesses, without the use of animal components. The purpose of our review is to provide an overview of experimental studies that demonstrate that serum-free cultures, along with the supplementation of growth factors or chemicals, can lead to a more defined and controlled environment, enhancing the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of MSCs.
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5
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Jooybar E, Abdekhodaie MJ, Karperien M, Mousavi A, Alvi M, Dijkstra PJ. Developing hyaluronic acid microgels for sustained delivery of platelet lysate for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:837-846. [PMID: 31715235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet lysate (PL), a blood product that contains high concentrations of growth factors (GFs), can be considered as a cost-effective source of multiple GFs. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) based microgels were developed for delivery of PL proteins. Spherical microgel were prepared using a water in oil emulsion method. First, hyaluronic acid was grafted with tyramine groups, after which prepared microdroplets were crosslinked via an enzymatic reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase. Because of electrostatic interactions, these microgels are promising carriers for positively charged proteins entrapment like most of the GFs. When microgels are incubated in PL solution, protein loading takes place which is mainly governed by nonspecific adsorption of plasma proteins. Although this hampered loading efficiency, loading could be increased by repeated washing and incubation steps. The loaded microgels presented a sustained release of PL growth factors for a period of two weeks. When PL enriched microgels were embedded in a HA bulk hydrogel, cell proliferation was higher compared to constructs without microgels. These findings suggest that the developed microgels are a potential candidate for sustained delivery of PL growth factors and present a solution to the issue of their short half-lives in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Jooybar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marcel Karperien
- MIRA - Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine and Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Abbas Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Alvi
- Canadian Center for Regenerative Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pieter J Dijkstra
- MIRA - Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine and Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, the Netherlands.
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6
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Gupta P, Hall GN, Geris L, Luyten FP, Papantoniou I. Human Platelet Lysate Improves Bone Forming Potential of Human Progenitor Cells Expanded in Microcarrier-Based Dynamic Culture. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:810-821. [PMID: 31038850 PMCID: PMC6646698 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic‐free media are required for translating advanced therapeutic medicinal products to the clinics. In addition, process efficiency is crucial for ensuring cost efficiency, especially when considering large‐scale production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human platelet lysate (HPL) has been increasingly adopted as an alternative for fetal bovine serum (FBS) for MSCs. However, its therapeutic and regenerative potential in vivo is largely unexplored. Herein, we compare the effects of FBS and HPL supplementation for a scalable, microcarrier‐based dynamic expansion of human periosteum‐derived cells (hPDCs) while assessing their bone forming capacity by subcutaneous implantation in small animal model. We observed that HPL resulted in faster cell proliferation with a total fold increase of 5.2 ± 0.61 in comparison to 2.7 ± 02.22‐fold in FBS. Cell viability and trilineage differentiation capability were maintained by HPL, although a suppression of adipogenic differentiation potential was observed. Differences in mRNA expression profiles were also observed between the two on several markers. When implanted, we observed a significant difference between the bone forming capacity of cells expanded in FBS and HPL, with HPL supplementation resulting in almost three times more mineralized tissue within calcium phosphate scaffolds. FBS‐expanded cells resulted in a fibrous tissue structure, whereas HPL resulted in mineralized tissue formation, which can be classified as newly formed bone, verified by μCT and histological analysis. We also observed the presence of blood vessels in our explants. In conclusion, we suggest that replacing FBS with HPL in bioreactor‐based expansion of hPDCs is an optimal solution that increases expansion efficiency along with promoting bone forming capacity of these cells. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:810&821
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriella Nilsson Hall
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA-R In Silico Medicine, Université de Liege, Liège, Belgium.,Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Tang H, Husch JFA, Zhang Y, Jansen JA, Yang F, van den Beucken JJJP. Coculture with monocytes/macrophages modulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid/polycaprolactone scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:785-798. [PMID: 30771241 PMCID: PMC6594112 DOI: 10.1002/term.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of immune cells, in particular macrophages, on the behaviour of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have recently gained much attention for MSCs‐based tissue‐engineered constructs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of monocytes/macrophages on the osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) in three‐dimensional (3D) cocultures. For this, we cocultured THP‐1 monocytes, M1 macrophages, or M2 macrophages with ADMSCs on 3D poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds using osteogenic medium for up to 42 days. We found that osteogenic differentiation of ADMSCs was inhibited by monocytes and both macrophage subtypes in 3D scaffolds. Furthermore, coculture of monocytes/macrophages with ADMSCs resulted in downregulated secretion of oncostatin M (OSM) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) and inhibited expression of osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Compared with both macrophage subtypes, monocytes inhibited osteogenic differentiation of ADMSCs more significantly. These data suggest that the mutual interactions between monocytes/macrophages and ADMSCs negatively affect MSC osteogenic differentiation and thus possibly bone healing capacity, which highlights the importance of the micro‐environment in influencing cell‐based constructs to treat bone defects and the potential to improve their performance by resolving the inflammation ahead of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Tang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Johanna F A Husch
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J J P van den Beucken
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Validation of reference and identity-defining genes in human mesenchymal stem cells cultured under unrelated fetal bovine serum batches for basic science and clinical application. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:837-846. [PMID: 29804170 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecular profile of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a key factor in defining their identity. Nevertheless, the effect of fetal bovine serum (FBS) batches or origin on MSC molecular signature has been neglected. In this frame, chemical fingerprint of FBS batches from unrelated countries showed strong correlation between chemical composition and country of origin. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate in stem cells isolated from bone marrow (BMMSCs) and umbilical cord-blood (CBMSCs) the effects of independently collected FBS batches on both twelve commonly used reference genes (RGs) and a selected panel of thirty-eight genes crucial for MSC definition in both research and clinical settings. Gene expression stability was estimated comparing the outcomes of two applets: geNorm and NormFinder. The bioinformatics analysis emphasized that, in a panorama of general balance, few RG candidates (YWHAZ/UBC for BMMSCs, RPLP0/EF1A for CBMSCs and EF1A/TBP for both MSCs scored together) showed superior stability. In addition, a wider study on genes involved in differentiation/proliferation/stemness processes, often used to define MSC potency, showed that these genes exhibited no major transcriptional modulation after treatment with different FBS, and allowed the identification of genes strongly discriminating between BM- and CBMSC populations. Therefore, in conclusion, FBS origin does not dramatically impact the general molecular profile of MSCs, although we could identify validated candidates able to allow more reliable comparison of data regarding MSC identity and potency and obtained by research laboratories and clinical manufacturers using different sera.
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9
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Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Grazioli G, Martin ASS, Carvalho RVD, Nör JE, Demarco FF. Venous Blood Derivatives as FBS-Substitutes for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Scoping Review. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:657-668. [PMID: 29211118 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well-characterized in vitro, MSC clinical application is still far away to be achieved, mainly due to the need of xenogeneic substances for cell expansion, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS presents risks regarding pathogens transmissions and internalization of animal's proteins, which can unleash antigenic responses in patients after MSC implantation. A wide range of venous blood derivatives (VBD) has been reported as FBS substitutes showing promising results. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to analyze whether VBD are effective FBS substitutes for MSC ex vivo expansion. The search was performed in SciVerse ScopusTM, PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, BIREME, Cochrane library up to January 2016. The keywords were selected using MeSH and entry terms. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 184 found studies, 90 were included. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) were presented in most of these studies. Overall, VBD allowed for either, maintenance of MCS's fibroblast-like morphology, high proliferation, high colony-formation ability and maintenance of multipotency. Besides. MSC expanded in VBD supplements presented higher mitogen activity than FBS. VBD seems to be excellent xeno-free serum for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. However, an accentuated heterogeneity was observed between the carried out protocols for VBD isolation did not allowing for direct comparisons between the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus C M Conde
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNIVATES - Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Alissa S San Martin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Sammali E, Alia C, Vegliante G, Colombo V, Giordano N, Pischiutta F, Boncoraglio GB, Barilani M, Lazzari L, Caleo M, De Simoni MG, Gaipa G, Citerio G, Zanier ER. Intravenous infusion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells promotes functional recovery and neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6962. [PMID: 28761170 PMCID: PMC5537246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSC) promotes functional recovery after stroke in animal models, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. We tested the efficacy of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) compliant hBM-MSC, injected intravenously 3.5 hours after injury in mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). We addressed whether hBM-MSC are efficacious and if this efficacy is associated with cortical circuit reorganization using neuroanatomical analysis of GABAergic neurons (parvalbumin; PV-positive cells) and perineuronal nets (PNN), a specialized extracellular matrix structure which acts as an inhibitor of neural plasticity. tMCAo mice receiving hBM-MSC, showed early and lasting improvement of sensorimotor and cognitive functions compared to control tMCAo mice. Furthermore, 5 weeks post-tMCAo, hBM-MSC induced a significant rescue of ipsilateral cortical neurons; an increased proportion of PV-positive neurons in the perilesional cortex, suggesting GABAergic interneurons preservation; and a lower percentage of PV-positive cells surrounded by PNN, indicating an enhanced plastic potential of the perilesional cortex. These results show that hBM-MSC improve functional recovery and stimulate neuroprotection after stroke. Moreover, the downregulation of “plasticity brakes” such as PNN suggests that hBM-MSC treatment stimulates plasticity and formation of new connections in the perilesional cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Sammali
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy.,Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Alia
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Vegliante
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Colombo
- Laboratory for Cell and Gene Therapy "Stefano Verri", ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nadia Giordano
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Pischiutta
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio B Boncoraglio
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Barilani
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Laboratory for Cell and Gene Therapy "Stefano Verri", ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Neurointensive Care, ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa,19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
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11
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Phetfong J, Tawonsawatruk T, Seenprachawong K, Srisarin A, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Supokawej A. Re-using blood products as an alternative supplement in the optimisation of clinical-grade adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell culture. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:414-422. [PMID: 28720606 PMCID: PMC5539302 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.67.bjr-2016-0342.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a promising strategy for orthopaedic applications, particularly in bone repair. Ex vivo expansion of ADMSCs is required to obtain sufficient cell numbers. Xenogenic supplements should be avoided in order to minimise the risk of infections and immunological reactions. Human platelet lysate and human plasma may be an excellent material source for ADMSC expansion. In the present study, use of blood products after their recommended transfusion date to prepare human platelet lysate (HPL) and human plasma (Hplasma) was evaluated for in vitro culture expansion and osteogenesis of ADMSCs. Methods Human ADMSCs were cultured in medium supplemented with HPL, Hplasma and a combination of HPL and Hplasma (HPL+Hplasma). Characteristics of these ADMSCs, including osteogenesis, were evaluated in comparison with those cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS). Results HPL and HPL+Hplasma had a significantly greater growth-promoting effect than FBS, while Hplasma exhibited a similar growth-promoting effect to that of FBS. ADMSCs cultured in HPL and/or Hplasma generated more colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-F) than those cultured in FBS. After long-term culture, ADMSCs cultured in HPL and/or Hplasma showed reduced cellular senescence, retained typical cell phenotypes, and retained differentiation capacities into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Conclusion HPL and Hplasma prepared from blood products after their recommended transfusion date can be used as an alternative and effective source for large-scale ex vivo expansion of ADMSCs. Cite this article: J. Phetfong, T. Tawonsawatruk, K. Seenprachawong, A. Srisarin, C. Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, A. Supokawej. Re-using blood products as an alternative supplement in the optimisation of clinical-grade adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell culture. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:414–422. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.67.BJR-2016-0342.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Phetfong
- Centre for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - T Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Seenprachawong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - A Srisarin
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - C Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya
- Centre for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - A Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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12
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Collagen and Fractionated Platelet-Rich Plasma Scaffold for Dermal Regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137:1498-1506. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Riordan NH, Madrigal M, Reneau J, de Cupeiro K, Jiménez N, Ruiz S, Sanchez N, Ichim TE, Silva F, Patel AN. Scalable efficient expansion of mesenchymal stem cells in xeno free media using commercially available reagents. J Transl Med 2015; 13:232. [PMID: 26183703 PMCID: PMC4504159 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has resulted in the development of cell-based strategies for multiple indications. Unfortunately one major barrier to widespread implementation of MSC-based therapies is the limited supply of fetal calf serum (FCS) used to expand cells to therapeutic numbers. Additionally, the xenogeneic element of fetal calf serum has been previously demonstrated to stimulate antibody mediated reactions and in some cases sensitization leading to anaphylaxis. Method XcytePLUS™ media, a human platelet lysate based product, was used to supplement the culture medium at 5, 7.5 and 10% and compared to fetal calf serum at 10%, for human umbilical cord MSC expansion. Properties of the expanded cells were investigated. Results This study demonstrated equivalent or superior effects of human platelet lysate compared to standard FCS supplemented media, based on doubling rate, without loss of identity or function, as demonstrated with flow cytometry characterization. Differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes was comparable from cells expanded in either media supplement. Conclusions These data support the implementation of human platelet lysate supplemented media as an alternative to xenogeneic containing preparations which may lead to safer MSC products with therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil H Riordan
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Marialaura Madrigal
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama. .,Indicasat AIP Panama, City of Knowledge, Rep. of Panama. .,Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India.
| | - Jason Reneau
- Amniotic Therapies, LLC, Farmers Branch, TX, USA.
| | - Kathya de Cupeiro
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Nelsy Sanchez
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | | | - Francisco Silva
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Amit N Patel
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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14
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Lam J, Lu S, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Strategies for controlled delivery of biologics for cartilage repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:123-34. [PMID: 24993610 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of biologics is an important component in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the functional restoration of articular cartilage. Numerous factors have been implicated in the cartilage repair process, but the uncontrolled delivery of these factors may not only reduce their full reparative potential but can also cause unwanted morphological effects. It is therefore imperative to consider the type of biologic to be delivered, the method of delivery, and the temporal as well as spatial presentation of the biologic to achieve the desired effect in cartilage repair. Additionally, the delivery of a single factor may not be sufficient in guiding neo-tissue formation, motivating recent research toward the delivery of multiple factors. This review will discuss the roles of various biologics involved in cartilage repair and the different methods of delivery for appropriate healing responses. A number of spatiotemporal strategies will then be emphasized for the controlled delivery of single and multiple bioactive factors in both in vitro and in vivo cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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15
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Poloni A, Maurizi G, Mattiucci D, Busilacchi E, Mancini S, Discepoli G, Amici A, Falconi M, Cinti S, Leoni P. Biosafety evidence for human dedifferentiated adipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1525-33. [PMID: 25641257 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Poloni
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Giulia Maurizi
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Domenico Mattiucci
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Elena Busilacchi
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Stefania Mancini
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Giancarlo Discepoli
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare; Clinica di Pediatria Ancona; Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria; Università di Camerino; Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Clinica Chirurgia del Pancreas; Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti; Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Italy
| | - Pietro Leoni
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
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16
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Laitinen A, Oja S, Kilpinen L, Kaartinen T, Möller J, Laitinen S, Korhonen M, Nystedt J. A robust and reproducible animal serum-free culture method for clinical-grade bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:891-906. [PMID: 25777046 PMCID: PMC4960139 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient xenofree expansion methods to replace fetal bovine serum (FBS)-based culture methods are strongly encouraged by the regulators and are needed to facilitate the adoption of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies. In the current study we established a clinically-compliant and reproducible animal serum-free culture protocol for bone marrow-(BM-) MSCs based on an optimized platelet-derived supplement. Our study compared two different platelet-derived supplements, platelet lysate PL1 versus PL2, produced by two different methods and lysed with different amounts of freeze–thaw cycles. Our study also explored the effect of a low oxygen concentration on BM-MSCs. FBS-supplemented BM-MSC culture served as control. Growth kinetics, differentiation and immunomodulatory potential, morphology, karyotype and immunophenotype was analysed. Growth kinetics in long-term culture was also studied. Based on the initial results, we chose to further process develop the PL1-supplemented culture protocol at 20 % oxygen. The results from 11 individual BM-MSC batches expanded in the chosen condition were consistent, yielding 6.60 × 109 ± 4.74 × 109 cells from only 20 ml of bone marrow. The cells suppressed T-cell proliferation, displayed normal karyotype and typical MSC differentiation potential and phenotype. The BM-MSCs were, however, consistently HLA-DR positive when cultured in platelet lysate (7.5–66.1 %). We additionally show that culture media antibiotics and sterile filtration of the platelet lysate can be successfully omitted. We present a robust and reproducible clinically-compliant culture method for BM-MSCs based on platelet lysate, which enables high quantities of HLA-DR positive MSCs at a low passage number (p2) and suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Laitinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sofia Oja
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Kilpinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Kaartinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Möller
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Laitinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Awidi A, Ababneh N, Alkilani H, Salah B, Nazzal S, Zoghool M, Shomaf M. Evaluation of the growth and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs cultured with PL and seeded on PLGA scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:84. [PMID: 25644098 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold serves as an important component of tissue engineering, which facilitates cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cultured cells. In this study we aimed to use platelet lysates as a substitute for FBS in culturing and proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs), which constitute a promising source for cell therapy. We characterized ASCs in the presence of PL, and then we seeded them onto poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds, osteogenic media was used to induce their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Gene expression analysis revealed higher expression of osteogenic related genes, immunohistochemical staining showed proper cell attachment, growth and collagen matrix formation with the ability to induce vascularization. In conclusion, expansion of ASCs in PL-supplemented medium could promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cells seeded on PLGA scaffolds, therefore it could be considered as a suitable and effective substitute for FBS to be used in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan,
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18
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De Pascale MR, Sommese L, Casamassimi A, Napoli C. Platelet derivatives in regenerative medicine: an update. Transfus Med Rev 2015; 29:52-61. [PMID: 25544600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prior preclinical and clinical studies support the use of platelet-derived products for the treatment of soft and hard tissue lesions. These regenerative effects are controlled by autocrine and paracrine biomolecules including growth factors and cytokines contained in platelet alpha granules. Each growth factor is involved in a phase of the healing process, such as inflammation, collagen synthesis, tissue granulation, and angiogenesis collectively promoting tissue restitution. Platelet derivatives have been prepared as platelet-rich plasma, platelet gel, platelet-rich fibrin, and platelet eye drops. These products vary in their structure, growth factors, composition, and cytokine concentrations. Here, we review the current use of platelet-derived biological products focusing on the rationale for their use and the main requirements for their preparation. Variation in the apparent therapeutic efficacy may have resulted from a lack of reproducible, standardized protocols for preparation. Despite several individual studies showing favorable treatment effects, some randomized controlled trials as well as meta-analyses have found no constant clinical benefit from the application of platelet-derived products for prevention of tissue lesions. Recently, 3 published studies in dentistry showed an improvement in bone density. Seven published studies showed positive results in joint regeneration. Five published studies demonstrated an improvement in the wound healing, and an improvement of eye epithelial healing was observed in 2 reports. Currently, at least 14 ongoing clinical trials in phase 3 or 4 have been designed with large groups of treated patients (n > 100). Because the rationale of the therapy with platelet-derived compounds is still debated, a definitive insight can be acquired only when these large randomized trials will be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria De Pascale
- UOC Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- UOC Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Napoli
- UOC Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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19
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Montelatici E, Baluce B, Ragni E, Lavazza C, Parazzi V, Mazzola R, Cantarella G, Brambilla M, Giordano R, Lazzari L. Defining the identity of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:74-82. [PMID: 25472894 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are an ideal population for regenerative medical application. Both the isolation procedure and the culturing conditions are crucial steps, since low yield can limit further cell therapies, especially when minimal adipose tissue harvests are available for cell expansion. To date, a standardized procedure encompassing both isolation sites and expansion methods is missing, thus making the choice of the most appropriate conditions for the preparation of ADMSCs controversial, especially in view of the different applications needed. In this study, we compared the effects of three different commercial media (DMEM, aMEM, and EGM2), routinely used for ADMSCs expansion, and two supplements, FBS and human platelet lysate, recently proven to be an effective alternative to prevent xenogeneic antibody transfer and immune alloresponse in the host. Notably, all the conditions resulted in being safe for ADMSCs isolation and expansion with platelet lysate supplementation giving the highest isolation and proliferation rates, together with a commitment for osteogenic lineage. Then, we proved that the high ADMSC hematopoietic supportive potential is performed through a constant and abundant secretion of both GCSF and SCF. In conclusion, this study further expands the knowledge on ADMSCs, defining their identity definition and offers potential options for in vitro protocols for clinical production, especially related to HSC expansion without use of exogenous cytokines or genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Montelatici
- a Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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20
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Radtke S, Giebel B, Wagner W, Horn PA. Platelet lysates and their role in cell therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Radtke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen; Essen Germany
| | - B. Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen; Essen Germany
| | - W. Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
| | - P. A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen; Essen Germany
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21
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Shih DTB, Burnouf T. Preparation, quality criteria, and properties of human blood platelet lysate supplements for ex vivo stem cell expansion. N Biotechnol 2014; 32:199-211. [PMID: 24929129 PMCID: PMC7102808 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most clinical applications of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cell therapy, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and treatment of immune and inflammatory diseases require a phase of isolation and ex vivo expansion allowing a clinically meaningful cell number to be reached. Conditions used for cell isolation and expansion should meet strict quality and safety requirements. This is particularly true for the growth medium used for MSC isolation and expansion. Basal growth media used for MSC expansion are supplemented with multiple nutrients and growth factors. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has long been the gold standard medium supplement for laboratory-scale MSC culture. However, FBS has a poorly characterized composition and poses risk factors, as it may be a source of xenogenic antigens and zoonotic infections. FBS has therefore become undesirable as a growth medium supplement for isolating and expanding MSCs for human therapy protocols. In recent years, human blood materials, and most particularly lysates and releasates of platelet concentrates have emerged as efficient medium supplements for isolating and expanding MSCs from various origins. This review analyzes the advantages and limits of using human platelet materials as medium supplements for MSC isolation and expansion. We present the modes of production of allogeneic and autologous platelet concentrates, measures taken to ensure optimal pathogen safety profiles, and methods of preparing PLs for MSC expansion. We also discuss the supply of such blood preparations. Produced under optimal conditions of standardization and safety, human platelet materials can become the future 'gold standard' supplement for ex vivo production of MSCs for translational medicine and cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tzu-Bi Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Pediatrics Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ma J, Both SK, Yang F, Cui FZ, Pan J, Meijer GJ, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJJP. Concise review: cell-based strategies in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:98-107. [PMID: 24300556 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular strategies play an important role in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (BTE/RM). Variability in cell culture procedures (e.g., cell types, cell isolation and expansion, cell seeding methods, and preculture conditions before in vivo implantation) may influence experimental outcome. Meanwhile, outcomes from initial clinical trials are far behind those of animal studies, which is suggested to be related to insufficient nutrient and oxygen supply inside the BTE/RM constructs as some complex clinical implementations require bone regeneration in too large a quantity. Coculture strategies, in which angiogenic cells are introduced into osteogenic cell cultures, might provide a solution for improving vascularization and hence increasing bone formation for cell-based constructs. So far, preclinical studies have demonstrated that cell-based tissue-engineered constructs generally induce more bone formation compared with acellular constructs. Further, cocultures have been shown to enhance vascularization and bone formation compared with monocultures. However, translational efficacy from animal studies to clinical use requires improvement, and the role implanted cells play in clinical bone regeneration needs to be further elucidated. In view of this, the present review provides an overview of the critical procedures during in vitro and in vivo phases for cell-based strategies (both monoculture and coculture) in BTE/RM to achieve more standardized culture conditions for future studies, and hence enhance bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Ma
- Department of VIP Service and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Biomaterials and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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23
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Bernardi M, Adami V, Albiero E, Madeo D, Rodeghiero F, Astori G. Absence of micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells cultivated in platelet lysate enriched medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:111-6. [PMID: 24290702 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (PL) represents an effective substitute of fetal bovine serum (FBS) for mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) cultivation. Compared to FBS, PL favors MSC proliferation significantly shortening the population doubling time and avoiding the risks related to the use of animal derivatives. Growth factors contained in the platelets are released upon platelet disruption following freezing/thawing cycles or as we have recently described by using ultrasound. We have investigated whether the increased cell proliferation achieved by using PL could induce mitotic stress and whether the potential formation of free radicals during PL production by ultrasound could cause chromosomal instability in mammalian cells. We have applied an image analysis assisted high content screening (HCS) in vitro micronucleus assay in the Chinese Hamster Ovarian K1 (CHO-K1) rodent mammalian cell line. PL was produced by sonication; for the micronucleus assay, CHO-K1 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of PL. Cytokinesis was blocked by cytochalasin B, nuclei were stained with bisbenzimide and images were acquired and analyzed automatically using an HCS system, both with a 20× and a 10× objective. Our results suggest that growth stimulus induced by the use of PL did not significantly increase micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells compared to negative control. Micronucleus testing in conjunction with HCS could represent a valid tool to evaluate the safety of ancillary materials used in the production of cell-based medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bernardi
- Hematology Project Foundation Research Laboratories, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Adami
- High Throughput Screening Core Facility, CIBIO (Centre for Integrative Biology) - University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, Mattarello (TN), Italy
| | - Elena Albiero
- Hematology Project Foundation Research Laboratories, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Madeo
- Hematology Project Foundation Research Laboratories, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Rodeghiero
- Hematology Project Foundation Research Laboratories, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy; Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, Italy.
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Pischiutta F, D'Amico G, Dander E, Biondi A, Biagi E, Citerio G, De Simoni MG, Zanier ER. Immunosuppression does not affect human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy after transplantation in traumatized mice brain. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:119-26. [PMID: 24246661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The need for immunosuppression after allo/xenogenic mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation is debated. This study compared the long-term effects of human (h) bone marrow MSC transplant in immunocompetent or immunosuppressed traumatic brain injured (TBI) mice. C57Bl/6 male mice were subjected to TBI or sham surgery followed 24 h later by an intracerebroventricular infusion of phosphate buffer saline (PBS, control) or hMSC (150,000/5 μl). Immunocompetent and cyclosporin A immunosuppressed (CsA) mice were analyzed for gene expression at 72 h, functional deficits and histological analysis at five weeks. Gene expression analysis showed the effectiveness of immunosuppression (INFγ reduction in CsA treated groups), with no evidence of early rejection (no changes of MHCII and CD86 in all TBI groups) and selective induction of T-reg (increase of Foxp3) only in the TBI hMSC group. Five weeks after TBI, hMSC had comparable efficacy, with functional recovery (on both sensorimotor and cognitive deficits) and structural protection (contusion volume, vessel rescue effect, gliotic scar reduction, induction of neurogenesis) in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent mice. Therefore, long-term hMSC efficacy in TBI is not dependent on immunosuppressive treatment. These findings could have important clinical implication since immunosuppression in acute TBI patients may increase their risk of infection and not be tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Erica Dander
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Ettore Biagi
- Laboratory for Cell Therapy "Stefano Verri", Paediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- Neuroanesthesia and Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia De Simoni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Bieback K. Platelet lysate as replacement for fetal bovine serum in mesenchymal stromal cell cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:326-35. [PMID: 24273486 DOI: 10.1159/000354061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) emerged as highly attractive in cell-based regenerative medicine. Initially thought to provide cells capable of differentiation towards mesenchymal cell types (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes etc.), by and by potent immunoregulatory and pro-regenerative activities have been discovered, broadening the field of potential applications from bone and cartilage regeneration to wound healing and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Due to the limited frequency in most tissue sources, ex vivo expansion of MSC is required compliant with good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines to yield clinically relevant cell doses. Though, still most manufacturing protocols use fetal bovine serum (FBS) as cell culture supplement to isolate and to expand MSC. However, the high lot-to-lot variability as well as risk of contamination and immunization call for xenogenic-free culture conditions. In terms of standardization, chemically defined media appear as the ultimate achievement. Since these media need to maintain all key cellular and therapy-relevant features of MSC, the development of chemically defined media is still - albeit highly investigated - only in its beginning. The current alternatives to FBS rely on human blood-derived components: plasma, serum, umbilical cord blood serum, and platelet derivatives like platelet lysate. Focusing on quality aspects, the latter will be addressed within this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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26
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Endogenous morphogens and fibrin bioscaffolds for stem cell therapeutics. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:364-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Platelet lysate coating on scaffolds directly and indirectly enhances cell migration, improving bone and blood vessel formation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6630-40. [PMID: 23403167 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suitable colonization and vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs after transplantation represent critical steps for the success of bone repair. Human platelet lysate (hPL) is composed of numerous growth factors known for their proliferative, differentiative and chemo-attractant effects on various cells involved in wound healing and bone growth. The aim of this study was to determine whether the delivery of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) seeded on hPL-coated hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) scaffolds could enhance vascularization and bone formation, as well as to investigate the mechanisms by which hMSC participate in tissue regeneration. Our study demonstrates that hPL can be coated on HA/β-TCP scaffolds, which play direct and indirect effects on implanted and/or resident stem cells. Effectively, we show that hPL coating directly increases chemo-attraction to and adhesion of hMSC and endothelial cells on the scaffold. Moreover, we show that hPL coating induces hMSC to produce and secrete pro-angiogenic proteins (placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor) which allow the proliferation and specific chemo-attraction of endothelial cells in vitro, thus improving in vivo neovascularization and new bone formation. This study highlights the potential of functionalizing biomaterials with hPL and shows that this growth factor combination can have synergistic effects leading to enhanced bone and blood vessel formation.
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Bernardi M, Albiero E, Alghisi A, Chieregato K, Lievore C, Madeo D, Rodeghiero F, Astori G. Production of human platelet lysate by use of ultrasound for ex vivo expansion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:920-9. [PMID: 23623274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.01.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS A medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) is of common use for the expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, its use is discouraged by regulatory authorities because of the risk of zoonoses and immune reactions. Human platelet lysate (PL) obtained by freezing/thawing disruption of platelets has been proposed as a possible substitute of FBS. The process is time-consuming and not well standardized. A new method for obtaining PL that is based on the use of ultrasound is proposed. METHODS Platelet sonication was performed by submerging platelet-containing plastic bags in an ultrasonic bath. To evaluate platelet lysis we measured platelet-derived growth factor-AB release. PL efficiency was tested by expanding bone marrow (BM)-MSCs, measuring population doubling time, differentiation capacity and immunogenic properties. Safety was evaluated by karyotyping expanded cells. RESULTS After 30 minutes of sonication, 74% of platelet derived growth factor-AB was released. PL enhanced BM-MSC proliferation rate compared with FBS. The mean cumulative population doubling (cPD) of cells growth in PL at 10%, 7.5% and 5% was better compared with cPD obtained with 10% FBS. PD time (hours) of MSCs with PL obtained by sonication was shorter than for cPD with PL obtained by freezing/thawing (18.9 versus 17.4, P < 0.01). BM mononucleated cells expressed MSC markers and were able to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. When BM-MSCs and T cells were co-cultured in close contact, immunosuppressive activity of BM-MSCs was maintained. Cell karyotype showed no genetic alterations. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method for the production of PL by sonication could be a safe, efficient and fast substitute of FBS, without the potential risks of FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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Tour G, Wendel M, Tcacencu I. Human fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix constructs for bone tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2826-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tour
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; 14104 Huddinge; Sweden
| | - Mikael Wendel
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; 14104 Huddinge; Sweden
| | - Ion Tcacencu
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; 14104 Huddinge; Sweden
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Burnouf T, Goubran HA, Chen TM, Ou KL, El-Ekiaby M, Radosevic M. Blood-derived biomaterials and platelet growth factors in regenerative medicine. Blood Rev 2013; 27:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ma J, van den Beucken JJJP, Both SK, Prins HJ, Helder MN, Yang F, Jansen JA. Osteogenic capacity of human BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs and their co-cultures using HUVECs in FBS and PL supplemented media. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:779-88. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Ma
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | | | - Sanne K. Both
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Prins
- Department of Oral Cell Biology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; VU University Medical Center / Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Marco N. Helder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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Santo VE, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Controlled release strategies for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral engineering--Part II: challenges on the evolution from single to multiple bioactive factor delivery. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:327-52. [PMID: 23249320 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of controlled release systems for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and osteochondral interface is one of the hot topics in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the majority of the developed systems consider only the release of a single growth factor, which is a limiting step for the success of the therapy. More recent studies have been focused on the design and tailoring of appropriate combinations of bioactive factors to match the desired goals regarding tissue regeneration. In fact, considering the complexity of extracellular matrix and the diversity of growth factors and cytokines involved in each biological response, it is expected that an appropriate combination of bioactive factors could lead to more successful outcomes in tissue regeneration. In this review, the evolution on the development of dual and multiple bioactive factor release systems for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral interface is overviewed, specifically the relevance of parameters such as dosage and spatiotemporal distribution of bioactive factors. A comprehensive collection of studies focused on the delivery of bioactive factors is also presented while highlighting the increasing impact of platelet-rich plasma as an autologous source of multiple growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
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Warnke PH, Humpe A, Strunk D, Stephens S, Warnke F, Wiltfang J, Schallmoser K, Alamein M, Bourke R, Heiner P, Liu Q. A clinically-feasible protocol for using human platelet lysate and mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative therapies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 41:153-61. [PMID: 22878221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of human stem cells seeded on biomaterials holds promise for many clinical applications in cranio-maxillo-facial tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, stem cell propagation necessary to produce sufficient cell numbers currently utilizes fetal calf serum (FCS) as a growth supplement which may subsequently transmit animal pathogens. Human platelet lysate (HPL) could potentially be utilized to produce clinical-grade stem cell-loaded biomaterials as an appropriate FCS substitute that is in line with clinically-applicable practice. The goal of this study was to investigate whether HPL can be successfully used to propagate human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) seeded on clinically-approved collagen materials under clinically-applicable conditions using FCS as a control. HMSCs were isolated from bone marrow and cultured in the presence of 10% FCS or 10% HPL. Characterization of HMSCs was performed by flow cytometry and through osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays. Proliferative capacity of HMSCs on both matrices was investigated by mitochondrial dehydrogenase assays (WST) and tissue coverage scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The isolated HMSC differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic cells authenticating the multipotentiality of the HMSCs. WST tests and the SEM images demonstrated that HPL was generally superior to FCS in promoting growth of seeded HMSCs. For all other tests HPL supported HMSCs at least equal to FCS. In conclusion, HPL is an effective growth factor to allow expansion of clinical-grade HMSCs on clinically-approved biomaterials for maxillofacial and oral implantology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Warnke
- Clem Jones Research Centre For Stem Cells & Tissue Regenerative Therapies, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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Dozza B, Gobbi G, Lucarelli E, Pierini M, Di Bella C, Frisoni T, Tazzari PL, Ricci F, Mirandola P, Carubbi C, Giannini S, Donati D, Vitale M. A rapid method for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells and platelets from bone marrow aspirate. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:483-92. [PMID: 22715158 DOI: 10.1002/term.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are currently used alone or in combination for therapeutic applications especially for bone repair. We tested whether MSCs can be isolated from bone marrow (BM) aspirate using a commercially available kit commonly used to obtain PRP from peripheral blood (PB). Results revealed that mononuclear cells and platelets from both PB and BM could be efficiently isolated by obtaining a mononuclear and platelet rich fraction (PB-MPRF and BM-MPRF, respectively). Starting with comparable volumes, the number of platelets increased 1.5-fold in BM-MPRF compared to PB-MPRF. The number of clonogenic cells in BM-MPRF samples was significantly higher than whole BM samples as revealed by CFU-F assay (54.92 ± 8.55 CFU-F/1.5 x 10(5) nucleated cells and 32.50 ± 12.43 CFU-F/1.5 x 10(5) nucleated cells, respectively). Cells isolated from BM-MPRF after in vitro expansion fulfilled the definition of MSCs by phenotypic criteria, and differentiated along osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages following induction. Results showed that the kit isolated MSCs and platelets from BM aspirate. Isolated MSCs were further expanded in a laboratory and BM-MPRF was used clinically following BM withdrawal for rapid intra-operative cell therapy for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dozza
- Bone Regeneration Laboratory, 2nd Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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Santo VE, Duarte ARC, Popa EG, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells by the controlled release of platelet lysates from hybrid scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid foaming. J Control Release 2012; 162:19-27. [PMID: 22698936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of scaffolds capable of acting not only as support for cells but also as a source of biological cues to promote tissue regeneration is currently a hot topic of in bone Tissue Engineering (TE) research. The inclusion of growth factor (GF) controlled release functionalities in the scaffolds is a possible strategy to achieve such goal. Platelet Lysate (PL) is an autologous source of GFs, providing several bioactive agents known to act on bone regeneration. In this study, chitosan-chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles loaded with PL were included in a poly(D,L-lactic acid) foam produced by supercritical fluid foaming. The tridimensional (3D) structures were then seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and cultured in vitro under osteogenic stimulus. The osteogenic differentiation of the seeded hASCs was observed earlier for the PL-loaded constructs, as shown by the earlier alkaline phosphatase peak and calcium detection and stronger Runx2 expression at day 7 of culture, in comparison with the control scaffolds. Osteocalcin gene expression was upregulated in presence of PL during all culture period, which indicates an enhanced osteogenic induction. These results suggest the synergistic effect of PL and hASCs in combinatory TE strategies and support the potential of PL to increase the multifunctionality of the 3D hybrid construct for bone TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806‐909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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Santo VE, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Chitosan-chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles for controlled delivery of platelet lysates in bone regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 6 Suppl 3:s47-59. [PMID: 22684916 DOI: 10.1002/term.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) based on the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and chondroitin sulphate (CH-CS NPs) is proposed for the controlled release of proteins and growth factors (GFs), specifically platelet lysates (PLs). These nanoparticulate carriers are particularly promising for protein entrapment because the interactions between the polysaccharides and the entrapped proteins mimic the interactions between chondroitin sulphate and proteins in the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Spherical non-cytotoxic NPs were successfully produced, exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency for physiological levels of GFs and a controlled protein release profile for > 1 month. Moreover, it was also observed that these NPs can be uptaken by human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), depending on the concentration of NPs in the culture medium and incubation time. This shows the versatility of the developed NPs, which, besides acting as a protein delivery system, can also be used in the future as intracellular carriers for bioactive agents, such as nucleotides. When the PL-loaded NPs were used as a replacement of bovine serum for in vitro hASCs culture, the viability and proliferation of hASCs was not compromised. The release of PLs from CH-CS NPs also proved to be effective for the enhancement of in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, as shown by the increased levels of mineralization, suggesting not only the effective role of the delivery system but also the role of PLs as an osteogenic supplement for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Ave Park, Guimarães, Portugal
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Moroz A, Bittencourt RAC, Almeida RP, Felisbino SL, Deffune E. Platelet lysate 3D scaffold supports mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis: an improved approach in cartilage tissue engineering. Platelets 2012; 24:219-25. [PMID: 22646294 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.686255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Articular lesions are still a major challenge in orthopedics because of cartilage's poor healing properties. A major improvement in therapeutics was the development of autologous chondrocytes implantation (ACI), a biotechnology-derived technique that delivers healthy autologous chondrocytes after in vitro expansion. To obtain cartilage-like tissue, 3D scaffolds are essential to maintain chondrocyte differentiated status. Currently, bioactive 3D scaffolds are promising as they can deliver growth factors, cytokines, and hormones to the cells, giving them a boost to attach, proliferate, induce protein synthesis, and differentiate. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiated into chondrocytes, one can avoid cartilage harvesting. Thus, we investigated the potential use of a platelet-lysate-based 3D bioactive scaffold to support chondrogenic differentiation and maintenance of MSCs. The MSCs from adult rabbit bone marrow (n = 5) were cultivated and characterized using three antibodies by flow cytometry. MSCs (1 × 10(5)) were than encapsulated inside 60 µl of a rabbit platelet-lysate clot scaffold and maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium Nutrient Mixture F-12 supplemented with chondrogenic inductors. After 21 days, the MSCs-seeded scaffolds were processed for histological analysis and stained with toluidine blue. This scaffold was able to maintain round-shaped cells, typical chondrocyte metachromatic extracellular matrix deposition, and isogenous group formation. Cells accumulated inside lacunae and cytoplasm lipid droplets were other observed typical chondrocyte features. In conclusion, the usage of a platelet-lysate bioactive scaffold, associated with a suitable chondrogenic culture medium, supports MSCs chondrogenesis. As such, it offers an alternative tool for cartilage engineering research and ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Moroz
- Extracellular Matrix Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior S/N, 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Effects of osteogenic differentiation inducers on in vitro expanded adult mesenchymal stromal cells. Int J Artif Organs 2012; 34:998-1011. [PMID: 22161283 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For bone regeneration therapy using stem cells, well-defined ex vivo protocols to expand mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), as well as assays to show their potential differentiation into the osteogenic lineage, are needed. Aim of this study was to analyze the role of the biochemical osteogenic inducers, i.e. ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and ß-glycerophosphate, employed in the current protocols for osteogenic differentiation of MSC in vitro, to address the requirements for reliable differentiation systems. METHODS MSC were isolated from the bone marrow of donors (46-73 years of age) undergoing total hip replacement, and expanded in vitro. At confluence, MSC were cultured under four different conditions: α-MEM plus serum (basal medium or C1), basal medium plus ascorbate (C2), basal medium plus ascorbate and dexamethasone (C3), or basal medium plus ascorbate, dexamethasone and ß-glycerophosphate (C4). Morphology, proliferation, mineralization, alkaline phosphatase, collagen and expression of bone-related genes of MSC under the different media were analyzed at fixed time points. RESULTS MSC proliferation and the number of colony forming units were increased by ascorbic acid, whereas dexamethasone enhanced the proportion of ALP-positive CFU and was critical for mineral deposition. Runx-2 and type I collagen gene expression decreased along with additive-induced MSC differentiation, i.e. from C1 to C4, while ALP and osteocalcin were differently regulated. CONCLUSION Our findings support the role of different inducers on the sequential stages of MSC expansion and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, suggesting the addition of DEX following proliferation to ensure mineralization, as an index of in vivo osteogenic potency of human mesenchymal cells.
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Habib HS, Halawa TF, Atta HM. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stroma cells in pediatric diseases: current aspects and future perspectives. Med Sci Monit 2012; 17:RA233-239. [PMID: 22037754 PMCID: PMC3539490 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells or stroma cells (MSCs) were recently proven to play various therapeutic roles when used in clinical trials to control various inflammatory, neoplastic and immunologic diseases in children. Clinical trials show some promising results, particularly in diseases where conventional therapy is still ineffective. However, experimental studies sometimes show conflicting results. This review aims to assess the current therapeutic role of MSCs in the control of several pediatric diseases and elaborate on their future applications by reviewing published studies. A review of published studies on this subject based on Pubmed and Medical Subject Heading databases, with search for all relevant articles focusing on results of clinical trials to evaluate the clinical applications of MSCs. The review includes documentation of positive as well as negative applications of MSCs focused on pediatric diseases. MSCs have important immunosuppressive and antifibrotic effects that need to be employed to help patients with diseases for which no conventional management has proven to be effective. They may be also be used as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutic modalities to consolidate recovery. This review sheds light on the significance of the use of MSCs for the treatment of various pediatric diseases and focuses on promising applications. Most of the reported studies agree about the favorable use of MSCs in various diseases; however, more clinical trials, involving larger numbers of patients, need to be conducted in order to refine the outcome of the therapeutic methods and establish standardized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid S Habib
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Rabigh Branch, Saudi Arabia
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Fekete N, Gadelorge M, Fürst D, Maurer C, Dausend J, Fleury-Cappellesso S, Mailänder V, Lotfi R, Ignatius A, Sensebé L, Bourin P, Schrezenmeier H, Rojewski MT. Platelet lysate from whole blood-derived pooled platelet concentrates and apheresis-derived platelet concentrates for the isolation and expansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: production process, content and identification of active components. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:540-54. [PMID: 22296115 PMCID: PMC3400099 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.655420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background aims The clinical use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) requires ex vivo expansion in media containing supplements such as fetal bovine serum or, alternatively, human platelet lysate (PL). Methods Platelet concentrates were frozen, quarantine stored, thawed and sterile filtered to obtain PL. PL content and its effect on fibroblast-colony-forming unit (CFU-F) formation, MSC proliferation and large-scale expansion were studied. Results PL contained high levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), soluble CD40L (sCD40L), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA), platelet-derived growth factor AB/BB (PDGF-AB/BB), chemokine (C-C) ligand 5 (CCL5; RANTES) transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1/2/3 (GRO), with low batch-to-batch variability, and most were stable for up to 14 days. Inhibition of PDGF-BB and bFGF decreased MSC proliferation by about 20% and 50%, respectively. The strongest inhibition (about 75%) was observed with a combination of anti-bFGF + anti-PDGF-BB and anti-bFGF + anti-TGF-β1 + anti-PDGF-BB. Interestingly, various combinations of recombinant PDGF-BB, bFGF and TGF-β1 were not sufficient to promote cell proliferation. PL from whole blood-derived pooled platelet concentrates and apheresis platelet concentrates did not differ significantly in their growth-promoting activity on MSC. Conclusions PL enhances MSC proliferation and can be regarded as a safe tool for MSC expansion for clinical purposes. \in particular, PDGF-BB and bFGF are essential components for the growth-promoting effect of PL, but are not sufficient for MSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fekete
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Ulm und Institut für Klinische Transfusionsmedizin und Immungenetik Ulm, DRK-Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
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Hao L, Sun H, Wang J, Wang T, Wang M, Zou Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells for cell therapy: besides supporting hematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:34-46. [PMID: 22183780 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians due to their self-renewal, capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. Some essential problems remain to be solved before the clinical application of MSC. Platelet lysate (PL) has recently been used as a substitute for FBS in MSC amplification in vitro to achieve clinically applicable numbers of MSC. In addition to promising trials in regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of major bone defects and myocardial infarction, MSC have shown therapeutic effect other than direct hematopoiesis support in hematopoietic reconstruction. It has been confirmed that MSC promote hematopoietic cell engraftment and immune recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, probably through the provision of cytokines, matrix proteins, and cell-to-cell contacts. Their suppressive effects on immune cells, including T cells, B cells, NK cells and DC cells, suggest MSCs as a novel therapy for GVHD and other autoimmune disorders. These cells thus present as promising candidates for cellular therapy in the fields of regenerative medicine, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, No. 324 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing 400020, China
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Abdelrazik H, Spaggiari GM, Chiossone L, Moretta L. Mesenchymal stem cells expanded in human platelet lysate display a decreased inhibitory capacity on T- and NK-cell proliferation and function. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3281-90. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Lindroos B, Suuronen R, Miettinen S. The potential of adipose stem cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:269-91. [PMID: 20853072 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are an attractive and abundant stem cell source with therapeutic applicability in diverse fields for the repair and regeneration of acute and chronically damaged tissues. Importantly, unlike the human bone marrow stromal/stem stem cells (BMSCs) that are present at low frequency in the bone marrow, ASCs can be retrieved in high number from either liposuction aspirates or subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments and can easily be expanded in vitro. ASCs display properties similar to that observed in BMSCs and, upon induction, undergo at least osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic, differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, ASCs have been shown to be immunoprivileged, prevent severe graft-versus-host disease in vitro and in vivo and to be genetically stable in long-term culture. They have also proven applicability in other functions, such as providing hematopoietic support and gene transfer. Due to these characteristics, ASCs have rapidly advanced into clinical trials for treatment of a broad range of conditions. As cell therapies are becoming more frequent, clinical laboratories following good manufacturing practices are needed. At the same time as laboratory processes become more extensive, the need for control in the processing laboratory grows consequently involving a greater risk of complications and possibly adverse events for the recipient. Therefore, the safety, reproducibility and quality of the stem cells must thoroughly be examined prior to extensive use in clinical applications. In this review, some of the aspects of examination on ASCs in vitro and the utilization of ASCs in clinical studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Lindroos
- Regea-Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Poloni A, Maurizi G, Babini L, Serrani F, Berardinelli E, Mancini S, Costantini B, Discepoli G, Leoni P. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Chorionic Villi and Amniotic Fluid are not Susceptible to Transformation after Extensive in Vitro Expansion. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:643-54. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x536518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Increasing evidence suggests that MSCs isolated from fetal tissues are more plastic and grow faster than adult MSCs. In this study, we characterized human mesenchymal progenitor cells from chorionic villi (CV) and amniotic fluid (AF) isolated during the first and second trimesters, respectively, and compared them with adult bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM). We evaluated 10 CV, 10 AF, and 6 BM samples expanded until the MSCs reached senescence. We used discarded cells from prenatal analyses for all the experiments. To evaluate the replicative stability of these cells, we studied the telomerase activity, hTERT gene transcription, and telomere length in these cells. Spontaneous chromosomal alterations were excluded by cytogenetic analysis. We studied the expression of c-myc and p53, tumor-associated genes, at different passage in culture and the capacity of these cells to grow in an anchorage-independent manner by using soft agar assay. We isolated homogeneous populations of spindle-shaped CV, AF, and BM cells expressing mesenchymal immunophenotypic markers throughout the period of expansion. CV cells achieved 14 ± 0.9 logs of expansion in 118 days and AF cells achieved 21 ± 0.9 logs in 118 days, while BM cells achieved 11 × 0.4 logs in 84 days. Despite their high proliferation capacity, fetal MSCs showed no telomerase activity, no hTERT and c-myc transcriptions, and maintained long, stable telomeres. A constant expression level of p53 and a normal karyotype were preserved throughout long-term expansion, suggesting the safety of fetal MSCs. In conclusion, our results indicate that fetal MSCs could be an alternative, more accessible resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Poloni
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Maurizi
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Babini
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Serrani
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Berardinelli
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancini
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Benedetta Costantini
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Discepoli
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Clinica di Pediatria, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietro Leoni
- Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Kisiday JD, Hale BW, Almodovar JL, Lee CM, Kipper MJ, Wayne McIlwraith C, Frisbie DD. Expansion of mesenchymal stem cells on fibrinogen-rich protein surfaces derived from blood plasma. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 5:600-11. [DOI: 10.1002/term.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shih DTB, Chen JC, Chen WY, Kuo YP, Su CY, Burnouf T. Expansion of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal progenitors in serum-free medium supplemented with virally inactivated allogeneic human platelet lysate. Transfusion 2010; 51:770-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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