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Vonk LA. Potency Assay Considerations for Cartilage Repair, Osteoarthritis and Use of Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:59-80. [PMID: 37258784 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in synovial joints acting as a shock absorber that helps movement of bones. Damage of the articular cartilage needs treatment as it does not repair itself and the damage can progress to osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis all the joint tissues are involved with characteristic progressive cartilage degradation and inflammation. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a well-proven cell-based treatment for cartilage defects, but a main downside it that it requires two surgeries. Multipotent, aka mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cartilage repair has gained attention as it can be used as a one-step treatment. It is proposed that a combination of immunomodulatory and regenerative capacities make MSC attractive for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, since part of the paracrine effects of MSCs are attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane enclosed particles secreted by cells, EVs are currently being widely investigated for their potential therapeutic effects. Although MSCs have entered clinical cartilage treatments and EVs are used in in vivo efficacy studies, not much attention has been given to determine their potency and to the development of potency assays. This chapter provides considerations and suggestions for the development of potency assays for the use of MSCs and MSC-EVs for the treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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James JL, Umapathy A, Srinivasan S, Barker CN, Brooks A, Hearn J, Chhana A, Williams E, Sheppard H, McGlashan SR. The Chondrogenic Potential of First-Trimester and Term Placental Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Cartilage 2021; 13:544S-558S. [PMID: 34521248 PMCID: PMC8804733 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211044822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a well-established cell source for cartilage engineering, but challenges remain as differentiation often results in chondrocyte hypertrophy. Chondrogenic potential also varies with MSC source and donor age. We assessed the chondrogenic potential of first-trimester and term placental MSCs and compared their response to commonly used bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs). DESIGN MSCs were isolated from first-trimester and term placentae. BM-MSCs were commercially obtained. Chondrogenesis was induced by micromass culture in commercial chondrogenic media for 7, 14, or 21 days. Pellets were assessed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and types I, II, and X collagen. Gene expression was profiled using Qiagen RT2 human MSC arrays. RESULTS At day 0, first-trimester and term MSCs expression levels of many chondrogenic genes to BM-MSC after 21 days of culture. Only first trimester MSCs showed significant changes in chondrogenic gene expression during induction compared to day 0 undifferentiated MSCs (greater BMP4, KAT2B, and reduced GDF6 expression). Additionally, first-trimester MSCs showed significantly greater expression of ABCB1 (at days 14 and 21) and BMP4 (at days 7, 14, 21) compared with term MSCs. Both first-trimester and term pellets showed increased GAG content over time and term MSCs had significantly GAG greater compared with BM-MSCs at days 7 and 14. Type II collagen was present in all pellets but unlike BM-MSCs, type I collagen was not observed in first-trimester or term MSC pellets. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight differences in BM-MSC and placental MSC chondrogenesis and demonstrate that placental MSCs may be an alternative cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. James
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anandita Umapathy
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sonia Srinivasan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claire N. Barker
- Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Hearn
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashika Chhana
- Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eloise Williams
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sue R. McGlashan
- Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Sue R. McGlashan, Department of Anatomy and
Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Faculty
of Medical and Health Sciences, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1142, New
Zealand.
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3
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Schneider C, Dungel P, Priglinger E, Danzer M, Schädl B, Nürnberger S. The impact of photobiomodulation on the chondrogenic potential of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 221:112243. [PMID: 34217028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their capacity to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) are a promising source of therapeutically relevant cells for cartilage tissue regeneration. Their differentiation potential, however, varies between patients. In our study, we aim to stimulate ASC towards a more reliable chondrogenic phenotype using photobiomodulation (PBM). LED devices of either blue (475 nm), green (516 nm) or red (635 nm) light were used to treat human ASC from donors of varying chondrogenic potential. The treatment was applied either once during the 2D expansion phase or repeatedly during the 3D differentiation phase. Chondrogenic differentiation was assessed via pellet size, GAG/DNA content, histology and gene expression analysis. Reactions to PBM were found to be wavelength-dependent and more pronounced when the treatment was applied during expansion. Donors were assigned to responder categories according to their response to the treatment during expansion, whereby good responders were mainly donors with low intrinsic chondrogenic potential. Exposed to light, they revealed a particularly high relative increase in pellet size (more than twice the size of untreated controls after red light PBM), intense collagen type II immunostaining (low/absent in untreated controls) and activation of otherwise absent COL2A1 expression. Conversely, on a donor with high intrinsic chondrogenic potential, light had adverse effects. When applied with shorter wavelengths (blue, green), it led to reduced pellet size, GAG/DNA content and collagen type II immunostaining. However, when PBM was applied in 3D, the same donor was the only one to react with increased differentiation to all three wavelengths. We were able to demonstrate that PBM can be used to enhance or hamper chondrogenesis of ASC, and that success depends on treatment parameters and intrinsic cellular potential. The improvement of chondrogenesis in donors with low intrinsic potential highlights PBM as potent tool for cell-based cartilage regeneration. Its cost-effectiveness and ease of use make for an attractive treatment option to enhance the performance of ASC in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schneider
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Dungel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Priglinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Danzer
- Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - B Schädl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Nürnberger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Division of Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Brennan MÁ, Barilani M, Rusconi F, de Lima J, Vidal L, Lavazza C, Lazzari L, Giordano R, Layrolle P. Chondrogenic and BMP-4 primings confer osteogenesis potential to human cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells delivered with biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6751. [PMID: 33762629 PMCID: PMC7991626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) show great promise for bone repair, however they are isolated by an invasive bone marrow harvest and their regenerative potential decreases with age. Conversely, cord blood can be collected non-invasively after birth and contains MSCs (CBMSCs) that can be stored for future use. However, whether CBMSCs can replace BMSCs targeting bone repair is unknown. This study evaluates the in vitro osteogenic potential of unprimed, osteogenically primed, or chondrogenically primed CBMSCs and BMSCs and their in vivo bone forming capacity following ectopic implantation on biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics in nude mice. In vitro, alkaline phosphatase (intracellular, extracellular, and gene expression), and secretion of osteogenic cytokines (osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin) was significantly higher in BMSCs compared with CBMSCs, while CBMSCs demonstrated superior chondrogenic differentiation and secretion of interleukins IL-6 and IL-8. BMSCs yielded significantly more cell engraftment and ectopic bone formation compared to CBMSCs. However, priming of CBMSCs with either chondrogenic or BMP-4 supplements led to bone formation by CBMSCs. This study is the first direct quantification of the bone forming abilities of BMSCs and CBMSCs in vivo and, while revealing the innate superiority of BMSCs for bone repair, it provides avenues to induce osteogenesis by CBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meadhbh Á Brennan
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,National University of Ireland (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Mario Barilani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Rusconi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien de Lima
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luciano Vidal
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,Rapid Manufacturing Platform, GEM Laboratory, Centrale Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS Laboratory, Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
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5
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De la Vega RE, Scheu M, Brown LA, Evans CH, Ferreira E, Porter RM. Specific, Sensitive, and Stable Reporting of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:176-190. [PMID: 30727864 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The promoter characterized in this study has been made accessible as a resource for the skeletal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine community. When combined with suitable reporter vectors, the resulting tools can be used for noninvasive and/or high-throughput screening of test conditions for stimulating chondrogenesis by candidate stem/progenitor cells. As demonstrated in this study, they can also be used with small animal imaging platforms to monitor the chondrogenic activity of implanted progenitors within orthotopic models of bone and cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo E De la Vega
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maximiliano Scheu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Vitacura, Chile
| | - Lennart A Brown
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher H Evans
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth Ferreira
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan M Porter
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Markova SV, Larionova MD, Vysotski ES. Shining Light on the Secreted Luciferases of Marine Copepods: Current Knowledge and Applications. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:705-721. [PMID: 30585639 DOI: 10.1111/php.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Copepod luciferases-a family of small secretory proteins of 18.4-24.3 kDa, including a signal peptide-are responsible for bright secreted bioluminescence of some marine copepods. The copepod luciferases use coelenterazine as a substrate to produce blue light in a simple oxidation reaction without any additional cofactors. They do not share sequence or structural similarity with other identified bioluminescent proteins including coelenterazine-dependent Renilla and Oplophorus luciferases. The small size, strong luminescence activity and high stability, including thermostability, make secreted copepod luciferases very attractive candidates as reporter proteins which are particularly useful for nondisruptive reporter assays and for high-throughput format. The most known and extensively investigated representatives of this family are the first cloned GpLuc and MLuc luciferases from copepods Gaussia princeps and Metridia longa, respectively. Immediately after cloning, these homologous luciferases were successfully applied as bioluminescent reporters in vivo and in vitro, and since then, the scope of their applications continues to grow. This review is an attempt to systemize and critically evaluate the data scattered through numerous articles regarding the main structural features of copepod luciferases, their luminescent and physicochemical properties. We also review the main trends of their application as bioluminescent reporters in cell and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D Larionova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Priglinger E, Sandhofer M, Peterbauer A, Wurzer C, Steffenhagen C, Maier J, Holnthoner W, Nuernberger S, Redl H, Wolbank S. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in situ - novel approach to obtain an activated fat graft. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:416-426. [PMID: 28486783 DOI: 10.1002/term.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the mainstays of facial rejuvenation strategies is volume restoration, which can be achieved by autologous fat grafting. In our novel approach, we treated the adipose tissue harvest site with extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in order to improve the quality of the regenerative cells in situ. The latter was demonstrated by characterizing the cells of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in the harvested liposuction material regarding cell yield, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, proliferative capacity, surface marker profile, differentiation potential and secretory protein profile. Although the SVF cell yield was only slightly enhanced, viability and ATP concentration of freshly isolated cells as well as proliferation doublings after 3 weeks in culture were significantly increased in the ESWT compared with the untreated group. Likewise, cells expressing mesenchymal and endothelial/pericytic markers were significantly elevated concomitant with an improved differentiation capacity towards the adipogenic lineage and enhancement in specific angiogenic proteins. Hence, in situ ESWT might be applied in the future to promote cell fitness, adipogenesis and angiogenesis within the fat graft for successful facial rejuvenation strategies with potential long-term graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Priglinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Sandhofer
- Austrian Academy of Cosmetic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - A Peterbauer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - C Wurzer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Liporegena GmbH, Austria
| | - C Steffenhagen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Maier
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Holnthoner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Nuernberger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Universitätsklinik für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde Ges.m.b.H, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Department of Trauma Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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