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Du X, Zhang C, Yin C, Wang W, Yan X, Xie D, Zheng X, Zheng Q, Li M, Song Z. High BLM Expression Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome and Contributes to Malignant Progression in Human Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:633899. [PMID: 33828983 PMCID: PMC8019910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.633899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of a highly malignant cancer, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), are still obscure. In our study, the CCA expression profile data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the TCGA-Cholangiocarcinoma (TCGA-CHOL) data set were utilized to construct a co-expression network via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The blue gene module associated with the histopathologic grade of CCA was screened. Then, five candidate hub genes were screened by combining the co-expression network with protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. After progression and survival analyses, bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) was ultimately identified as a real hub gene. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that BLM had a favorable diagnostic and predictive recurrence value for CCA. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results for a single hub gene revealed the importance of cell cycle-related pathways in the CCA progression and prognosis. Furthermore, we detected the BLM expression in vitro, and the results demonstrated that the expression level of BLM was much higher in the CCA tissues and cells relative to adjacent non-tumor samples and normal bile duct epithelial cells. Additionally, after further silencing the BLM expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the proliferation and migration ability of CCA cells were all inhibited, and the cell cycle was arrested. Altogether, a real hub gene (BLM) and cell cycle-related pathways were identified in the present study, and the gene BLM may be involved in the CCA progression and could act as a reliable biomarker for potential diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanzheng Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueke Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dawei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xichuan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qichang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Dufort G, Larrivée-Vanier S, Eugène D, De Deken X, Seebauer B, Heinimann K, Lévesque S, Gravel S, Szinnai G, Van Vliet G, Deladoëy J. Wide Spectrum of DUOX2 Deficiency: From Life-Threatening Compressive Goiter in Infancy to Lifelong Euthyroidism. Thyroid 2019; 29:1018-1022. [PMID: 31030636 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Six patients are described with bi-allelic DUOX2 variants and widely variable phenotypes. Patient 1 is an infant with a compressive hypothyroid goiter causing respiratory distress, which was promptly alleviated by levothyroxine (LT4). He was a compound heterozygote for DUOX2 variants, including a novel deletion of 540 base pairs. Patients 2 and 3 are siblings with the same compound heterozygous mutations of DUOX2, yet one had overt hypothyroidism at 14 months and the other lifelong euthyroidism. Patient 4 is a compound heterozygote individual and has mild persistent congenital hypothyroidism; his sister (patient 5) only had a borderline thyrotropin elevation at newborn screening, consistent with homozygous DUOX2 variants with a mild impact on enzyme activity. Their euthyroid mother (patient 6) is a compound heterozygote for the same DUOX2 mutations as her son. Targeted exome sequencing did not reveal any relevant modifiers. It is concluded that (i) prompt LT4 replacement in infants with respiratory distress due to a hypothyroid goiter makes surgery unnecessary; and (ii) the clinical expression of DUOX2 deficiency varies widely between individuals and over time, justifying periodic reevaluation of the need for LT4 replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Dufort
- 1Endocrinology Service and Research Center of the Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- 1Endocrinology Service and Research Center of the Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dardye Eugène
- 2Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier De Deken
- 3Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Britta Seebauer
- 4Institute for Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Heinimann
- 4Institute for Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lévesque
- 5Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Gravel
- 5Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- 6Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guy Van Vliet
- 1Endocrinology Service and Research Center of the Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- 1Endocrinology Service and Research Center of the Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Penha RCC, Lima SCS, Boroni M, Ramalho-Oliveira R, Viola JP, de Carvalho DP, Fusco A, Pinto LFR. Intrinsic LINE-1 Hypomethylation and Decreased Brca1 Expression are Associated with DNA Repair Delay in Irradiated Thyroid Cells. Radiat Res 2017; 188:144-155. [PMID: 28574327 DOI: 10.1667/rr14532.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation greatly increases the risk of developing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), especially during childhood, mainly due to gradual inactivation of DNA repair genes and DNA damages. Recent molecular characterization of PTC revealed DNA methylation deregulation of several promoters of DNA repair genes. Thus, epigenetic silencing might be a plausible mechanism for the activity loss of tumor suppressor genes in radiation-induced thyroid tumors. Herein, we investigated the impact of ionizing radiation on global methylation and CpG islands within promoter regions of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) genes, as well as its effects on gene expression, using two well-established normal differentiated thyroid cell lines (FRTL5 and PCCL3). Our data reveal that X-ray exposure promoted G2/M arrest in normal thyroid cell lines. The FRTL5 cells displayed a slower kinetics of double-strand breaks (DSB) repair and a lower long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) methylation than the PCCL3 cells. Nevertheless, acute X-ray exposure does not alter the expression of genes involved in HR and NHEJ pathways, apart from the downregulation of Brca1 in thyroid cells. On the other hand, HR and NHEJ gene expressions were upregulated in radiation-induced senescent thyroid cells. Taken together, these data suggest that FRTL5 cells intrinsically have less efficient DNA DSB repair machinery than PCCL3 cells, as well as genomic instability, which could predispose the FRTL5 cells to unrepaired DSB lesions and, therefore, gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Boroni
- a Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - João P Viola
- a Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- c Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho - CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- a Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,b Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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De Deken X, Corvilain B, Dumont JE, Miot F. Roles of DUOX-mediated hydrogen peroxide in metabolism, host defense, and signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2776-93. [PMID: 24161126 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Among the NADPH oxidases, the dual oxidases, DUOX1 and DUOX2, constitute a distinct subfamily initially called thyroid oxidases, based on their high level of expression in thyroid tissue. Genetic alterations causing inherited hypothyroidism clearly demonstrate their physiological implication in thyroid hormonogenesis. However, a growing list of biological functions triggered by DUOX-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) in highly differentiated mucosae have recently emerged. RECENT ADVANCES A role of DUOX enzymes as ROS providers for lactoperoxidase-mediated killing of invading pathogens has been well established and a role in bacteria chemorepulsion has been proposed. Control of DUOX expression and activity by inflammatory molecules and immune receptor activation consolidates their contributions to innate immune defense of mucosal surfaces. Recent studies conducted in ancestral organisms have identified effectors of DUOX redox signaling involved in wound healing including epithelium regeneration and leukocyte recruitment. Moreover, local generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by DUOX has also been suggested to constitute a positive feedback loop to promote receptor signaling activation. CRITICAL ISSUES A correct balance between H2O2 generation and detoxification mechanisms must be properly maintained to avoid oxidative damages. Overexpression of DUOX genes has been associated with an increasing number of chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, H2O2-mediated DNA damage supports a mutagenic function promoting tumor development. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite the high sequence similarity shared between DUOX1 and DUOX2, the two isoforms present distinct regulations, tissue expression and catalytic functions. The phenotypic characterization of novel DUOX/DUOXA invalidated animal models will be very useful for defining their medical importance in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier De Deken
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels, Belgium
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Vu-Phan D, Koenig RJ. Genetics and epigenetics of sporadic thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 386:55-66. [PMID: 23933154 PMCID: PMC3867574 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy, and although the disease generally has an excellent prognosis, therapeutic options are limited for patients not cured by surgery and radioiodine. Thyroid carcinomas commonly contain one of a small number of recurrent genetic mutations. The identification and study of these mutations has led to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and is providing new approaches to diagnosis and therapy. Papillary thyroid carcinomas usually contain an activating mutation in the RAS cascade, most commonly in BRAF and less commonly in RAS itself or through gene fusions that activate RET. A chromosomal translocation that results in production of a PAX8-PPARG fusion protein is found in follicular carcinomas. Anaplastic carcinomas may contain some of the above changes as well as additional mutations. Therapies that are targeted to these mutations are being used in patient care and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Vu-Phan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ronald J Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Ellis RJ, Wang Y, Stevenson HS, Boufraqech M, Patel D, Nilubol N, Davis S, Edelman DC, Merino MJ, He M, Zhang L, Meltzer PS, Kebebew E. Genome-wide methylation patterns in papillary thyroid cancer are distinct based on histological subtype and tumor genotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E329-37. [PMID: 24423287 PMCID: PMC3913809 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aberrant DNA methylation is known to be a major factor in oncogenesis and cancer progression, but effects of methylation in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are not well defined. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify altered methylation patterns, which may be associated with PTC disease behavior. DESIGN This study was a genome-wide methylation analysis of PTC. SETTING The study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. PATIENTS PTC tissue from 51 patients were analyzed and compared with normal thyroid tissue from seven patients. INTERVENTIONS CpG methylation status was assessed using advanced genome-wide methylation bead chips. OUTCOME MEASURES Altered methylation patterns in PTC were analyzed by stage, recurrence, histological subtype of tumor, and tumor genotype. RESULTS PTC is globally hypomethylated compared with normal thyroid with 2837 differentially methylated CpG sites. The follicular variant of PTC demonstrated less differential methylation with only 569 differentially methylated CpG sites. Tumors with mutations in BRAF, RET/PTC, and RAS demonstrated a 3.6-fold increase in the number of differentially methylated sites compared with wild-type tumors. The differentially methylated genes were associated with oncological pathways including cellular movement, growth, and proliferation. CONCLUSION PTC is epigenetically distinct from the follicular variant of PTC and by gene mutation status (BRAF, RET/PTC, and RAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Ellis
- Endocrine Oncology Branch (R.J.E., M.B., D.P., N.N., M.H., L.Z., E.K.), Genetics Branch (Y.W., H.S.S., S.D., D.C.E., P.S.M.), and Laboratory of Pathology (M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Perelman School of Medicine (R.J.E.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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