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Sperling SA, Acheson SK, Fox-Fuller J, Colvin MK, Harder L, Cullum CM, Randolph JJ, Carter KR, Espe-Pfeifer P, Lacritz LH, Arnett PA, Gillaspy SR. Tele-Neuropsychology: From Science to Policy to Practice. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:227-248. [PMID: 37715508 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this paper is to accelerate the number of randomized experimental studies of the reliability and validity in-home tele-neuropsychological testing (tele-np-t). METHOD We conducted a critical review of the tele-neuropsychology literature. We discuss this research in the context of the United States' public and private healthcare payer systems, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding system's telehealth lists, and existing disparities in healthcare access. RESULTS The number of tele-np publications has been stagnant since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are less published experimental studies of tele-neuropsychology (tele-np), and particularly in-home tele-np-t, than other tele-np publications. There is strong foundational evidence of the acceptability, feasibility, and reliability of tele-np-t, but relatively few studies of the reliability and validity of in-home tele-np-t using randomization methodology. CONCLUSIONS More studies of the reliability and validity of in-home tele-np-t using randomization methodology are necessary to support inclusion of tele-np-t codes on the CMS and CPT telehealth lists, and subsequently, the integration and delivery of in-home tele-np-t services across providers and institutions. These actions are needed to maintain equitable reimbursement of in-home tele-np-t services and address the widespread disparities in healthcare access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Joshua Fox-Fuller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary K Colvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lana Harder
- Children's Health, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John J Randolph
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Randolph Neuropsychology Associates, PLLC, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Patricia Espe-Pfeifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Laura H Lacritz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter A Arnett
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Zhang Q, Wei JH, Fu X, Liu X, Li XY, Liu W, Liu ZL, Duan XQ, Zheng B. Can we trust computers to assess the cognition of stroke patients? A systematic review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1180664. [PMID: 37305744 PMCID: PMC10248476 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1180664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To summarize the classification of computerized cognitive assessment (CCA) tools for assessing stroke patients, to clarify their benefits and limitations, and to reveal strategies for future studies on CCA tools. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, JAMA Network, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases from January 1st, 2010, to August 1st, 2022. Two authors independently screened the literature following the same criteria, evaluated the study quality, and collected data from the articles. Results A total of 8,697 papers were acquired from the six databases. A total of 74 potentially eligible articles were selected for review. Of these, 29 articles were not relevant to this research, 3 were reviews, 2 were not written in English, and 1 was on an ongoing trial. By screening the references of the reviews, 3 additional articles were included in this study. Thus, a total of 42 articles met the criteria for the review. In terms of the CCA tools analyzed in these studies, they included five types: virtual reality (VR)-based, robot-based, telephone-based, smartphone-based, and computer-based cognitive assessments. Patients' stages of the disease ranged from the subacute phase and rehabilitation phase to the community phase. A total of 27 studies supported the effectiveness of CCA tools, while 22 out of 42 articles mentioned their benefits and 32 revealed areas for future improvement of CCA tools. Conclusions Although the use of CCA tools for assessing the cognition of post-stroke patients is becoming popular, there are still some limitations and challenges of using such tools in stroke survivors. More evidence is thus needed to verify the value and specific role of these tools in assessing the cognitive impairment of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | | | - Xue Fu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Surgical Simulation Research Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, China
- Surgical Simulation Research Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bin Zheng
- Surgical Simulation Research Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Duricy E, Durisko C, Dickey MW, Fiez JA. Comparing the Reliability of Virtual and In-Person Post-Stroke Neuropsychological Assessment with Language Tasks. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:557-569. [PMID: 36537281 PMCID: PMC10202548 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychological testing is essential for both clinical and basic stroke research; however, the in-person nature of this testing is a limitation. Virtual testing overcomes the hurdles of geographic location, mobility issues and permits social distancing, yet its validity has received relatively little investigation, particularly in comparison with in-person testing. METHOD We expand on our prior findings of virtual testing feasibility by assessing virtual versus in-person administration of language and communication tasks with 48 left-hemisphere stroke patients (21 F, 27 M; mean age = 63.4 ± 12; mean years of education = 15.3 ± 3.5) in a quasi-test-retest paradigm. Each participant completed two testing sessions: one in their home and one in the research lab. Participants were assigned to one of the eight groups, with the testing condition (fully in-person, partially virtual), order of home session (first, second) and technology (iPad, Windows tablet) varied across groups. RESULTS Across six speech-language tasks that utilized varying response modalities and interfaces, we found no significant difference in performance between virtual and in-person testing. However, our results reveal key considerations for successful virtual administration of neuropsychological tests, including technology complications and disparities in internet access. CONCLUSIONS Virtual administration of neuropsychological assessments demonstrates comparable reliability with in-person data collection involving stroke survivors, though technology issues must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Duricy
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Corrine Durisko
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michael Walsh Dickey
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Julie A Fiez
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Wang T, Thielen H, De Preter E, Vangkilde S, Gillebert CR. Encouraging Digital Technology in Neuropsychology: The Theory of Visual Attention on Tablet Devices. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:1450–1464. [PMID: 33621327 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visual attention helps us to selectively process relevant information and is crucial in our everyday interactions with the environment. Not surprisingly, it is one of the cognitive domains that is most frequently affected by acquired brain injury. Reliable assessment of attention deficits is pivotal to neuropsychological examination and helps to optimize individual rehabilitation plans. Compared with conventional pen-and-paper tests, computerized tasks borrowed from the field of experimental psychology bring many benefits, but lab-based experimental setups cannot be easily incorporated in clinical practice. Light-weight and portable mobile tablet devices may facilitate the translation of computerized tasks to clinical settings. One such task is based on the Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), a mathematical model of visual attention. TVA-based paradigms have been widely used to investigate several aspects of visual attention in both fundamental and clinical research, and include measures for general processing capacity as well as stimulus-specific attentional parameters. METHODS This article discusses the benefits of TVA-based assessments compared with frequently used neuropsychological tests of visual attention, and examines the reliability of a tablet-based TVA-based assessment in 59 neurologically healthy participants. RESULTS Pearson's correlations indicate that the tablet-based TVA assessment and the conventional lab-based TVA assessment have a comparable parallel-form (range: .67-.93), test-retest (range: .61-.78), and internal reliability (range: .56-.97). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that tablet-based TVA assessment may be a promising tool to acquire clinical measures of visual attention at low cost at the bedside of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hella Thielen
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Preter
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Signe Vangkilde
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Albahri OS, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Hashim M, Albahri AS, Alsalem MA. Real-Time Remote Health-Monitoring Systems in a Medical Centre: A Review of the Provision of Healthcare Services-Based Body Sensor Information, Open Challenges and Methodological Aspects. J Med Syst 2018; 42:164. [PMID: 30043085 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-1006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Promoting patient care is a priority for all healthcare providers with the overall purpose of realising a high degree of patient satisfaction. A medical centre server is a remote computer that enables hospitals and physicians to analyse data in real time and offer appropriate services to patients. The server can also manage, organise and support professionals in telemedicine. Therefore, a remote medical centre server plays a crucial role in sustainably delivering quality healthcare services in telemedicine. This article presents a comprehensive review of the provision of healthcare services in telemedicine applications, especially in the medical centre server. Moreover, it highlights the open issues and challenges related to providing healthcare services in the medical centre server within telemedicine. Methodological aspects to control and manage the process of healthcare service provision and three distinct and successive phases are presented. The first phase presents the identification process to propose a decision matrix (DM) on the basis of a crossover of 'multi-healthcare services' and 'hospital list' within intelligent data and service management centre (Tier 4). The second phase discusses the development of a DM for hospital selection on the basis of integrated VIKOR-Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. Finally, the last phase examines the validation process for the proposed framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - A A Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - B B Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M Hashim
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - A S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M A Alsalem
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
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Real-Time Fault-Tolerant mHealth System: Comprehensive Review of Healthcare Services, Opens Issues, Challenges and Methodological Aspects. J Med Syst 2018; 42:137. [PMID: 29936593 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-0983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The burden on healthcare services in the world has increased substantially in the past decades. The quality and quantity of care have to increase to meet surging demands, especially among patients with chronic heart diseases. The expansion of information and communication technologies has led to new models for the delivery healthcare services in telemedicine. Therefore, mHealth plays an imperative role in the sustainable delivery of healthcare services in telemedicine. This paper presents a comprehensive review of healthcare service provision. It highlights the open issues and challenges related to the use of the real-time fault-tolerant mHealth system in telemedicine. The methodological aspects of mHealth are examined, and three distinct and successive phases are presented. The first discusses the identification process for establishing a decision matrix based on a crossover of 'time of arrival of patient at the hospital/multi-services' and 'hospitals' within mHealth. The second phase discusses the development of a decision matrix for hospital selection based on the MAHP method. The third phase discusses the validation of the proposed system.
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Carotenuto A, Rea R, Traini E, Ricci G, Fasanaro AM, Amenta F. Cognitive Assessment of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease by Telemedicine: Pilot Study. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e31. [PMID: 29752254 PMCID: PMC5970283 DOI: 10.2196/mental.8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 46.8 million people are living with dementia worldwide and their number will grow in the next years. Any potential treatment should be administered as early as possible because it is important to provide an early cognitive assessment and to regularly monitor the mental function of patients. Information and communication technologies can be helpful to reach and follow patients without displacing them, but there may be doubts about the reliability of cognitive tests performed by telemedicine. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) tests administered in hospital by videoconference to patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. METHODS The tests were administered to 28 Alzheimer's disease outpatients (8 male, mean age 73.88, SD 7.45 years; 20 female mean age 76.00, SD 5.40 years) recruited and followed in the Alzheimer's Unit of the A Cardarelli National Hospital (Naples, Italy) at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of observation. Patients were evaluated first face-to-face by a psychologist and then, after 2 weeks, by another psychologist via videoconference in hospital. RESULTS This study showed no differences in the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores when the tests were administered face-to-face or by videoconference, except in patients with more pronounced cognitive deficits (MMSE<17), in which the assessment via videoconference overestimated the cognitive impairment (face to face, MMSE mean 13.9, SD 4.9 and ADAS-cog mean 9.0, SD 3.8; videoconference, MMSE mean 42.8, SD 12.5 and ADAS-cog mean 56.9, SD 5.5). CONCLUSIONS We found that videoconferencing is a reliable approach to document cognitive stability or decline, and to measure treatment effects in patients with mild to moderate dementia. A more extended study is needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carotenuto
- Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Raffaele Rea
- Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ricci
- Bioethics and Legal Medicine Centre, School of Law, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Amenta
- Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Cogollor JM, Rojo-Lacal J, Hermsdörfer J, Ferre M, Arredondo Waldmeyer MT, Giachritsis C, Armstrong A, Breñosa Martinez JM, Bautista Loza DA, Sebastián JM. Evolution of Cognitive Rehabilitation After Stroke From Traditional Techniques to Smart and Personalized Home-Based Information and Communication Technology Systems: Literature Review. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 5:e4. [PMID: 29581093 PMCID: PMC5891670 DOI: 10.2196/rehab.8548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurological patients after stroke usually present cognitive deficits that cause dependencies in their daily living. These deficits mainly affect the performance of some of their daily activities. For that reason, stroke patients need long-term processes for their cognitive rehabilitation. Considering that classical techniques are focused on acting as guides and are dependent on help from therapists, significant efforts are being made to improve current methodologies and to use eHealth and Web-based architectures to implement information and communication technology (ICT) systems that achieve reliable, personalized, and home-based platforms to increase efficiency and level of attractiveness for patients and carers. Objective The goal of this work was to provide an overview of the practices implemented for the assessment of stroke patients and cognitive rehabilitation. This study puts together traditional methods and the most recent personalized platforms based on ICT technologies and Internet of Things. Methods A literature review has been distributed to a multidisciplinary team of researchers from engineering, psychology, and sport science fields. The systematic review has been focused on published scientific research, other European projects, and the most current innovative large-scale initiatives in the area. A total of 3469 results were retrieved from Web of Science, 284 studies from Journal of Medical Internet Research, and 15 European research projects from Community Research and Development Information Service from the last 15 years were reviewed for classification and selection regarding their relevance. Results A total of 7 relevant studies on the screening of stroke patients have been presented with 6 additional methods for the analysis of kinematics and 9 studies on the execution of goal-oriented activities. Meanwhile, the classical methods to provide cognitive rehabilitation have been classified in the 5 main techniques implemented. Finally, the review has been finalized with the selection of 8 different ICT–based approaches found in scientific-technical studies, 9 European projects funded by the European Commission that offer eHealth architectures, and other large-scale activities such as smart houses and the initiative City4Age. Conclusions Stroke is one of the main causes that most negatively affect countries in the socioeconomic aspect. The design of new ICT-based systems should provide 4 main features for an efficient and personalized cognitive rehabilitation: support in the execution of complex daily tasks, automatic error detection, home-based performance, and accessibility. Only 33% of the European projects presented fulfilled those requirements at the same time. For this reason, current and future large-scale initiatives focused on eHealth and smart environments should try to solve this situation by providing more complete and sophisticated platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Cogollor
- Centre for Automation and Robotics UPM-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo-Lacal
- Life Supporting Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Hermsdörfer
- Institute of Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Science, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Ferre
- Centre for Automation and Robotics UPM-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alan Armstrong
- Institute of Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Science, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - José María Sebastián
- Centre for Automation and Robotics UPM-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kalid N, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Salman OH, Hashim M, Muzammil H. Based Real Time Remote Health Monitoring Systems: A Review on Patients Prioritization and Related "Big Data" Using Body Sensors information and Communication Technology. J Med Syst 2017; 42:30. [PMID: 29288419 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-017-0883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The growing worldwide population has increased the need for technologies, computerised software algorithms and smart devices that can monitor and assist patients anytime and anywhere and thus enable them to lead independent lives. The real-time remote monitoring of patients is an important issue in telemedicine. In the provision of healthcare services, patient prioritisation poses a significant challenge because of the complex decision-making process it involves when patients are considered 'big data'. To our knowledge, no study has highlighted the link between 'big data' characteristics and real-time remote healthcare monitoring in the patient prioritisation process, as well as the inherent challenges involved. Thus, we present comprehensive insights into the elements of big data characteristics according to the six 'Vs': volume, velocity, variety, veracity, value and variability. Each of these elements is presented and connected to a related part in the study of the connection between patient prioritisation and real-time remote healthcare monitoring systems. Then, we determine the weak points and recommend solutions as potential future work. This study makes the following contributions. (1) The link between big data characteristics and real-time remote healthcare monitoring in the patient prioritisation process is described. (2) The open issues and challenges for big data used in the patient prioritisation process are emphasised. (3) As a recommended solution, decision making using multiple criteria, such as vital signs and chief complaints, is utilised to prioritise the big data of patients with chronic diseases on the basis of the most urgent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Kalid
- Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tg Malim, 35900, Perak, Malaysia.,Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Al-Nisour University, Al Adhmia - Haiba Khaton, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A A Zaidan
- Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tg Malim, 35900, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - B B Zaidan
- Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tg Malim, 35900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Omar H Salman
- Networking Department, Engineering College, Al Iraqia university, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - M Hashim
- Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tg Malim, 35900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - H Muzammil
- Department of Computer Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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