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Bezerra EHS, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Marques RE. Structural and molecular biology of Sabiá virus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1624-1634. [PMID: 37937408 PMCID: PMC10723027 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian mammarenavirus, or Sabiá virus (SABV), is a New World (NW) arenavirus associated with fulminant hemorrhagic disease in humans and the sole biosafety level 4 microorganism ever isolated in Brazil. Since the isolation of SABV in the 1990s, studies on viral biology have been scarce, with no available countermeasures against SABV infection or disease. Here we provide a comprehensive review of SABV biology, including key aspects of SABV replication, and comparisons with related Old World and NW arenaviruses. SABV is most likely a rodent-borne virus, transmitted to humans, through exposure to urine and feces in peri-urban areas. Using protein structure prediction methods and alignments, we analyzed shared and unique features of SABV proteins (GPC, NP, Z, and L) that could be explored in search of therapeutic strategies, including repurposing intended application against arenaviruses. Highly conserved catalytic activities present in L protein could be targeted for broad-acting antiviral activity among arenaviruses, while protein-protein interactions, such as those between L and the matrix protein Z, have evolved in NW arenaviruses and should be specific to SABV. The nucleoprotein (NP) also shares targetable interaction interfaces with L and Z and exhibits exonuclease activity in the C-terminal domain, which may be involved in multiple aspects of SABV replication. Envelope glycoproteins GP1 and GP2 have been explored in the development of promising cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies and vaccines, some of which could be repurposed for SABV. GP1 remains a challenging target in SABV as evolutive pressures render it the most variable viral protein in terms of both sequence and structure, while antiviral strategies targeting the Z protein remain to be validated. In conclusion, the prediction and analysis of protein structures should revolutionize research on viruses such as SABV by facilitating the rational design of countermeasures while reducing dependence on sophisticated laboratory infrastructure for experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
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de Oliveira ALR, Cunha MS, Bisordi I, de Souza RP, Timenetsky MDCST. Serological evidence of arenavirus circulation in wild rodents from central-west, southeast, and south regions of Brazil, 2002-2006. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:279-284. [PMID: 36441413 PMCID: PMC9943984 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses are severe zoonotic diseases. In reservoirs, the presence of antibodies may indicate viral circulation in a population of a specific region, and these data can be used as an indicator for further investigations by molecular techniques. The present study aimed to detect the presence of arenavirus antibodies in wild rodents captured from 1998 to 2008 during epidemiological surveillance activities. A retrospective analysis of 2243 wild rodent blood samples using a broad cross-reactive in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed a 0.44% (10/2243) positive rate in wild rodents, which included Necromys lasiurus (6/1012), Calomys callosus (2/94), and Akodon sp. (2/273) species. These rodents were captured between 2002 to 2006 in Campo Alegre de Goiás/GO, Bodoquena/MS, Nuporanga/SP, and Mogi das Cruzes/SP. Our findings suggest the sylvatic circulation of arenavirus among wild rodents in the southeast region of Brazil. However, future virological and molecular studies are necessary to confirm the viral presence in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências, Mestrado Em Pesquisa Laboratoriais Em Saúde Pública da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ivani Bisordi
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Pereira de Souza
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências, Mestrado Em Pesquisa Laboratoriais Em Saúde Pública da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Centro de Virologia Do, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tapia-Ramírez G, Lorenzo C, Navarrete D, Carrillo-Reyes A, Retana Ó, Carrasco-Hernández R. A Review of Mammarenaviruses and Rodent Reservoirs in the Americas. ECOHEALTH 2022; 19:22-39. [PMID: 35247117 PMCID: PMC9090702 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Americas, infectious viral diseases caused by viruses of the genus Mammarenavirus have been reported since the 1960s. Such diseases have commonly been associated with land use changes, which favor abundance of generalist rodent species. In the Americas-where the rates of land use change are among the highest worldwide-at least 1326 of all 2277 known rodent species have been reported. We conducted a literature review of studies between 1960 and 2020, to establish the current and historical knowledge about genotypes of mammarenaviruses and their rodent reservoirs in the Americas. Our overall goal was to show the importance of focusing research efforts on the American continent, since the conditions exist for future viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) outbreaks caused by rodent-borne viruses, in turn, carried by widely distributed rodents. We found 47 species identified down to the species level, and one species identified only down to the genus level (Oryzomys sp.), reported in the Americas as reservoirs of mammarenaviruses, most these are ecological generalists. These species associate with 29 genotypes of Mammarenavirus, seven of which have been linked to VHFs in humans. We also highlight the need to monitor these species, in order to prevent viral disease outbreaks in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tapia-Ramírez
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Periférico Sur S/N María Auxiliadora, 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Consuelo Lorenzo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Periférico Sur S/N María Auxiliadora, 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Darío Navarrete
- Departamento de Observación de la Tierra, Atmósfera y Océano, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Periférico Sur S/N María Auxiliadora, 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Arturo Carrillo-Reyes
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Av 1a. Sur Pte 1460, C.P., 29000, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Óscar Retana
- Centro de Estudios en Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Avenida Héroe de Nacozari 480, C.P., 24079, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Rocío Carrasco-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, C. P., 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Serological Evidence of Multiple Zoonotic Viral Infections among Wild Rodents in Barbados. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060663. [PMID: 34071689 PMCID: PMC8229225 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rodents are reservoirs for several zoonotic pathogens that can cause human infectious diseases, including orthohantaviruses, mammarenaviruses and orthopoxviruses. Evidence exists for these viruses circulating among rodents and causing human infections in the Americas, but much less evidence exists for their presence in wild rodents in the Caribbean. Methods: Here, we conducted serological and molecular investigations of wild rodents in Barbados to determine the prevalence of orthohantavirus, mammarenavirus and orthopoxvirus infections, and the possible role of these rodent species as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Using immunofluorescent assays (IFA), rodent sera were screened for the presence of antibodies to orthohantavirus, mammarenavirus (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus—LCMV) and orthopoxvirus (Cowpox virus—CPXV) infections. RT-PCR was then conducted on orthohantavirus and mammarenavirus-seropositive rodent sera and tissues, to detect the presence of viral RNA. Results: We identified antibodies against orthohantavirus, mammarenavirus, and orthopoxvirus among wild mice and rats (3.8%, 2.5% and 7.5% seropositivity rates respectively) in Barbados. No orthohantavirus or mammarenavirus viral RNA was detected from seropositive rodent sera or tissues using RT–PCR. Conclusions: Key findings of this study are the first serological evidence of orthohantavirus infections in Mus musculus and the first serological evidence of mammarenavirus and orthopoxvirus infections in Rattus norvegicus and M. musculus in the English-speaking Caribbean. Rodents may present a potential zoonotic and biosecurity risk for transmission of three human pathogens, namely orthohantaviruses, mammarenaviruses and orthopoxviruses in Barbados.
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Escalera-Antezana JP, Rodriguez-Villena OJ, Arancibia-Alba AW, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Clinical features of fatal cases of Chapare virus hemorrhagic fever originating from rural La Paz, Bolivia, 2019: A cluster analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 36:101589. [PMID: 32061859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2003 an emerging mammarenavirus (formerly arenaviruses) was discovered in Bolivia and named Chapare (CHAPV). It was associated with severe and fatal hemorrhagic fever, being similar in clinical features to Machupo (MACV). In mid-2019, CHAPV was the cause of a cluster of five cases, two of them laboratory confirmed, three of them fatal. Here, we report the main clinical findings, epidemiological features and the potential ecological aspects, of that cluster of cases in rural La Paz, Bolivia. METHODS For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health for the cases that were laboratory-diagnosed and related, during 2019. RT-PCR was used for the detection of the RNA of CHAPV in the blood samples. RESULTS Two cases were RT-PCR + for CHAPV. The median age of patients was 42 y-old (IQR 25-45), four out of five were male. All patients were hospitalized, admitted to the ICU and had fever, upper digestive hemorrhage, with two of them, presenting ARDS, and requiring mechanical ventilation. Three patients died (case fatality rate, CFR 60%). CONCLUSIONS Mammarenaviruses led to a high fatality rate. These cases occurred in areas with suitable ecoepidemiological conditions for rodent-borne diseases, including CHAPV infection. Socioenvironmental and occupational factors in rural areas of Bolivia may contribute with the risk of zoonotic spillover and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar J Rodriguez-Villena
- Emergency Department and Emergency Medical Residency Program Coordination, Hospital Obrero N1, Caja Nacional de Salud, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Incubator in Zoonosis (SIZOO), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation Research Group (BIOECOS), Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Universidad Franz Tamayo/UNIFRANZ, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
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Gravinatti ML, Barbosa CM, Soares RM, Gregori F. Synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmitters. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190486. [PMID: 32049206 PMCID: PMC7083353 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0486-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on reports of hepatitis E virus, hantavirus, rotavirus,
coronavirus, and arenavirus in synanthropic rodents (Rattus
rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus
musculus) within urban environments. Despite their potential impact
on human health, relatively few studies have addressed the monitoring of these
viruses in rodents. Comprehensive control and preventive activities should
include actions such as the elimination or reduction of rat and mouse
populations, sanitary education, reduction of shelters for the animals, and
restriction of the access of rodents to residences, water, and food
supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lucia Gravinatti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Gregori
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes J, de Oliveira RC, Guterres A, Barreto-Vieira DF, Terças ACP, Teixeira BR, da Silva MAN, Caldas GC, de Oliveira Coelho JMC, Barth OM, D'Andrea PS, Bonvicino CR, de Lemos ERS. Detection of Latino virus (Arenaviridae: Mammarenavirus) naturally infecting Calomys callidus. Acta Trop 2018; 179:17-24. [PMID: 29217383 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammarenavirus species are associated with a specific rodent host species, although an increasing number of virus has been associated to more than one host, suggesting that co-evolution is less robust than initially thought. There are few eco-epidemiological studies of South America mammarenaviruses in non-endemic areas of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fever, affecting specially our current knowledge about animal reservoirs and virus range and host-virus relations. In Brazil, seven arenavirus species were described in seven different rodent species. Here in we describe a new rodent reservoir species in Brazil related to the previously described Latino mammarenavirus (LATV) MARU strain. Samples of 148 rodents from Mato Grosso state, Brazil were analyzed. Amplification of the glycoprotein precursor gene (GPC) was observed in six Calomys callidus rodents. According to phylogenetic inferences, is observed a well-supported monophyletic clade of LATV from C. callidus and other Clade C mammarenavirus. In addition, the phylogenetic relations of both genes showed a close relation between LATV MARU and Capão Seco strains, two distinct lineages. Additionally, the results obtained in this study point out to a change of scenario and in previously stabilized patterns in the dynamics of South American mammarenaviruses, showing that with more studies in AHF non-endemic or silent areas, more potential hosts for this virus will be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil.
| | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Rodrigues Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alexandre Nunes da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ortrud Monika Barth
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional do Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20230-092 RJ, Brazil
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil.
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Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. Keeping track of hidden dangers - The short history of the Sabiá virus. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:3-8. [PMID: 28327796 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0330-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are a global threat. In countries like Brazil, where biodiversity is high and public health conditions in terms of infrastructure and medical care are often precarious, emerging diseases are particularly worrisome. The lack of monitoring strategies to identify pathogens with the potential to cause outbreaks or epidemics is another problem in Brazil and other developing countries. In this article, we present the history of the Sabiá virus (SABV), a pathogen that was described in the 1990s in Brazil. Several aspects of the biology and ecology of the SABV remain unknown. The SABV has the potential to cause hemorrhagic fever in humans. To date, four cases of human infections have been reported worldwide; two were naturally acquired (both in Brazil), whereas the other two were linked to occupational exposure in the laboratory environment (one in Brazil and one in the USA). In this review, we summarize the basic biological and ecological characteristics of the SABV. This is the first work to gather all available data on the historical aspects involving the cases of SABV infection along with an update on its characteristic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Pasquato A, Kunz S. Novel drug discovery approaches for treating arenavirus infections. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:383-93. [PMID: 26882218 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arenaviruses are enveloped negative stranded viruses endemic in Africa, Europe and the Americas. Several arenaviruses cause severe viral hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans and pose serious public health threats. So far, there are no FDA-approved vaccines and therapeutic options are restricted to the off-label use of ribavirin. The major human pathogenic arenaviruses are classified as Category A agents and require biosafety level (BSL)-4 containment. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors cover the recent progress in the development of BSL2 surrogate systems that recapitulate the entire or specific steps of the arenavirus life cycle and are serving as powerful platforms for drug discovery. Furthermore, they highlight the identification of selected novel drugs that target individual steps of arenavirus multiplication describing their discovery, their targets, and mode of action. EXPERT OPINION The lack of effective drugs against arenaviruses is an unmatched challenge in current medical virology. Novel technologies have provided important insights into the basic biology of arenaviruses and the mechanisms underlying virus-host cell interaction. Significant progress of our understanding of how the virus invades the host cell paved the way to develop powerful novel screening platforms. Recent efforts have provided a range of promising drug candidates currently under evaluation for therapeutic intervention in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Pasquato
- a Institute of Microbiology , University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kunz
- a Institute of Microbiology , University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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