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Kremer HJ. Time to initiate randomized controlled clinical trials with methadone in cancer patients. F1000Res 2022; 8:1835. [PMID: 35601274 PMCID: PMC9091806 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20454.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Public media coverage has fueled a demand for methadone as potential cure for cancer itself. Because patients have asked for respective prescriptions, clinical societies issued statements warning against the use of methadone as long as preclinical findings have not been supported by clinical evidence. In fact, not all preclinical data clearly support relevant effects. However, strong epidemiologic data suggest beneficial effects of methadone on cancer. Alternative explanations, namely better safety of methadone or hidden selection bias, seem less likely. This uncertainty can only be resolved by randomized controlled clinical trials. This review discusses all relevant data pertinent to methadone and cancer, uncovers supportive epidemiologic data, and suggests possible study designs.
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Toussaint M, Deuther-Conrad W, Kranz M, Fischer S, Ludwig FA, Juratli TA, Patt M, Wünsch B, Schackert G, Sabri O, Brust P. Sigma-1 Receptor Positron Emission Tomography: A New Molecular Imaging Approach Using ( S)-(-)-[ 18F]Fluspidine in Glioblastoma. Molecules 2020; 25:E2170. [PMID: 32384802 PMCID: PMC7248975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most devastating primary brain tumour characterised by infiltrative growth and resistance to therapies. According to recent research, the sigma-1 receptor (sig1R), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, is involved in signaling pathways assumed to control the proliferation of cancer cells and thus could serve as candidate for molecular characterisation of GBM. To test this hypothesis, we used the clinically applied sig1R-ligand (S)-(-)-[18F]fluspidine in imaging studies in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM (U87-MG) as well as in human GBM tissue. A tumour-specific overexpression of sig1R in the U87-MG model was revealed in vitro by autoradiography. The binding parameters demonstrated target-selective binding according to identical KD values in the tumour area and the contralateral side, but a higher density of sig1R in the tumour. Different kinetic profiles were observed in both areas, with a slower washout in the tumour tissue compared to the contralateral side. The translational relevance of sig1R imaging in oncology is reflected by the autoradiographic detection of tumour-specific expression of sig1R in samples obtained from patients with glioblastoma. Thus, the herein presented data support further research on sig1R in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Toussaint
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (W.D.-C.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (F.-A.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (W.D.-C.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (F.-A.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (W.D.-C.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (F.-A.L.); (P.B.)
- PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), 9009 Tromsø, Norway
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, The Arctic University of Norway, 9009 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (W.D.-C.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (F.-A.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (W.D.-C.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (F.-A.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Tareq A. Juratli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.P.); (O.S.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Research site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (W.D.-C.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (F.-A.L.); (P.B.)
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Garg C, Sharma AK, Gupta A, Kumar P. Anisamido-Polyethylenimines as Efficient Nonviral Vectors for the Transport of Plasmid DNA to Sigma Receptor-Bearing Cells In Vitro. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1552-1558. [PMID: 30513318 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery of therapeutics promises better outcomes in the treatment of diseases. A small ligand, anisamide, has been shown to specifically bind sigma receptors highly overexpressed on prostate cancer cells, one of the leading cancers causing deaths worldwide. Here, anisamide-tethered polyethylenimine polymers (AP) have been synthesized and evaluated for their capability to transport nucleic acid across the cell membrane. A series of modified polymers (AP-1 to AP-4) was synthesized, physicochemically characterized, and evaluated for their transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Postconjugation, there was a marginal decrease in the buffering capacity; however, it did not diminish the ultimate objective of the study rather improved the transfection efficiency and decreased the cytotoxicity making these polymers as efficient and safe vectors for nucleic acid delivery. All the modified polymers displayed enhanced capability to deliver DNA inside the cells. Among the series, the modified polymer, AP-4 (10% attempted substitution), exhibited the highest transfection in HEK293 cells having abundant sigma receptors with minimal cytotoxicity. The projected polymer also showed complete protection of bound DNA against enzymatic degradation. Altogether, the results demonstrated targeting ability of the proposed polymers to deliver nucleic acid to sigma receptor-bearing cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Garg
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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Abstract
Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. The majority of publications on the subject have focused on the neuropharmacology of Sigma1. However, a number of publications have also suggested a role for Sigma1 in cancer. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of Sigma1 ligands as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, compounds with affinity for Sigma1 have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion and migration, tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to have immunomodulatory properties. This review will highlight that although the literature supports a role for Sigma1 in cancer, several fundamental questions regarding drug mechanism of action and the physiological relevance of aberrant SIGMAR1 transcript and Sigma1 protein expression in certain cancers remain unanswered or only partially answered. However, emerging lines of evidence suggest that Sigma1 is a component of the cancer cell support machinery, that it facilitates protein interaction networks, that it allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins, and that Sigma1 is a selectively multifunctional drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chu UB, Hajipour AR, Ramachandran S, Ruoho AE. Characterization of interactions of 4-nitrophenylpropyl-N-alkylamine with ς receptors. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7568-78. [PMID: 21790129 PMCID: PMC3234165 DOI: 10.1021/bi2004872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptors are small membrane proteins implicated in a number of pathophysiological conditions, including drug addiction, psychosis, and cancer; thus, small molecule inhibitors of sigma receptors have been proposed as potential pharmacotherapeutics for these diseases. We previously discovered that endogenous monochain N-alkyl sphingolipids, including d-erythro-sphingosine, sphinganine, and N,N-dimethylsphingosine, bind to the sigma-1 receptor at physiologically relevant concentrations [Ramachandran, S., et al. (2009) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 609, 19-26]. Here, we investigated several N-alkylamines of varying chain lengths as sigma receptor ligands. Although the K(I) values for N-alkylamines were found to be in the micromolar range, when N-3-phenylpropyl and N-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl derivatives of butylamine (1a and 1b, respectively), heptylamine (2a and 2b, respectively), dodecylamine (3a and 3b, respectively), and octadecylamine (4a and 4b, respectively) were evaluated as sigma receptor ligands, we found that these compounds exhibited nanomolar affinities with both sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. A screen of high-affinity ligands 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b against a variety of other receptors and/or transporters confirmed these four compounds to be highly selective mixed sigma-1 and sigma-2 ligands. Additionally, in HEK-293 cells reconstituted with K(v)1.4 potassium channel and the sigma-1 receptor, these derivatives were able to inhibit the outward current from the channel, consistent with sigma receptor modulation. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed that 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b were highly potent against a number of cancer cell lines, demonstrating their potential utility as mixed sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen B. Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Abdol R. Hajipour
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran
| | - Subramaniam Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Arnold E. Ruoho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Maneckjee R, Minna JD. Characterization of methadone receptor subtypes present in human brain and lung tissues. Life Sci 1997; 61:PL 333-8. [PMID: 9393946 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their use in pain control, opioids can function as regulators of tumor cell growth. We have found that the therapeutic opioid, methadone, significantly inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth of human lung cancer cells, and this effect appears to be mediated by specific, high affinity, non-conventional opioid binding sites. The present study indicates the existence of multiple subtypes of binding sites mediating the peripheral and central nervous system actions of this drug. Pharmacological and biochemical characterizations of the methadone binding sites expressed in human brain and normal lung tissues indicate that these sites are distinct from each other and from other opioid receptor types present on human and rat brain membranes, as well as those expressed in human lung cancer cells. The identification of distinct methadone receptor types in the different tissues could lead to the development of more selective and less toxic drugs targeted toward the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maneckjee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
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Taylor JE. Human small cell lung cancer cells express high affinity naloxone-insensitive [125I]-endorphin binding sites. Life Sci 1994; 56:PL97-102. [PMID: 7837928 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that beta-endorphin stimulates the clonal growth of human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines. In this study, the human SCLC lines, NCI-H69, NCI-H345, and NCI-N417, were observed to be highly-enriched in saturable, high-affinity binding sites which are labeled by [125I]beta-endorphin. In contrast to conventional opioid receptors, [125I]beta-endorphin SCLC binding was insensitive to naloxone and other mu, delta, or kappa opioid ligands. Further analysis of the NCI-H69 cells demonstrated that specific (naloxone-insensitive) binding was dependent on receptor concentration, reversible, sensitive to sodium ion, but insensitive to the GTP analogue, Gpp(NH)p. These results suggest a role for naloxone-insensitive beta-endorphin in modulating SCLC metabolism.
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