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Han M, Bushong EA, Segawa M, Tiard A, Wong A, Brady MR, Momcilovic M, Wolf DM, Zhang R, Petcherski A, Madany M, Xu S, Lee JT, Poyurovsky MV, Olszewski K, Holloway T, Gomez A, John MS, Dubinett SM, Koehler CM, Shirihai OS, Stiles L, Lisberg A, Soatto S, Sadeghi S, Ellisman MH, Shackelford DB. Spatial mapping of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetics in lung cancer. Nature 2023; 615:712-719. [PMID: 36922590 PMCID: PMC10033418 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical to the governance of metabolism and bioenergetics in cancer cells1. The mitochondria form highly organized networks, in which their outer and inner membrane structures define their bioenergetic capacity2,3. However, in vivo studies delineating the relationship between the structural organization of mitochondrial networks and their bioenergetic activity have been limited. Here we present an in vivo structural and functional analysis of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetic phenotypes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using an integrated platform consisting of positron emission tomography imaging, respirometry and three-dimensional scanning block-face electron microscopy. The diverse bioenergetic phenotypes and metabolic dependencies we identified in NSCLC tumours align with distinct structural organization of mitochondrial networks present. Further, we discovered that mitochondrial networks are organized into distinct compartments within tumour cells. In tumours with high rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOSHI) and fatty acid oxidation, we identified peri-droplet mitochondrial networks wherein mitochondria contact and surround lipid droplets. By contrast, we discovered that in tumours with low rates of OXPHOS (OXPHOSLO), high glucose flux regulated perinuclear localization of mitochondria, structural remodelling of cristae and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Our findings suggest that in NSCLC, mitochondrial networks are compartmentalized into distinct subpopulations that govern the bioenergetic capacity of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Han
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Wong
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morgan R Brady
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milica Momcilovic
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dane M Wolf
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ralph Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Madany
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shili Xu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Travis Holloway
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maie St John
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, DGSOM UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, DGSOM UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Endocrinology, DGSOM UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Endocrinology, DGSOM UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Lisberg
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department Hematology and Oncology, DGSOM UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Soatto
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Mendieta I, Rodríguez-Nieto M, Nuñez-Anita RE, Menchaca-Arredondo JL, García-Alcocer G, Berumen LC. Ultrastructural changes associated to the neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151797. [PMID: 34688180 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine transdifferentiation has been found in many cancer cell types, such as prostate, lung and gastrointestinal cells and is accompanied by a lower patient life expectancy. The transdifferentiation process has been induced in vitro by the exposure to different stimuli in human lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this work was to identify the morphological characteristics of the neuroendocrine phenotype in a human lung cancer cell line, induced by two cAMP elevating agents (IBMX and FSK). Our results showed two phenotypes, one produced by IBMX with higher volume, cell size and increased number of secondary projections, and the other produced by FSK with higher area, roughness of the membrane, cell neurite percentage, number of outgrowths per cell and increased number of primary projections. In conclusion, we describe some morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the neuroendocrine phenotype in A549 human lung cancer cell line promoted by IBMX and FSK to contribute to the understanding of the autocrine or paracrine signaling within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irasema Mendieta
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Nieto
- Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58060, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Tarímbaro Municipio de Morelia 58920, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Menchaca-Arredondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-Alcocer
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Laura Cristina Berumen
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas 76010, Querétaro, Mexico.
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3
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Zheng Z, Ma Y, Wang L, Deng H, Wang Z, Li J, Xu Z. Chinese herbal medicine Feiyanning cooperates with cisplatin to enhance cytotoxicity to non-small-cell lung cancer by inhibiting protective autophagy. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 276:114196. [PMID: 33984457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Feiyanning (FYN), the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), has been used to manage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for the past 23 years. Chemotherapeutic drugs can induce autophagy in cancer cells to protect themselves from death. However, FYN can inhibit the protective autophagy in cancer cells. We investigated the biological mechanisms on the synergistic effects of FYN combined with chemotherapy in lung cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effective chemical components for the quality control of FYN using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.The cell proliferation ability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation. The cell apoptosis was determined with Flow cytometry. Expression of important differential proteins were detected by western blot. Autophagy structure was observed by TEM (Tansmission electron microscopy). Tandem mCherry-EGFP-LC3B immunofluorescence was used to measure autophagic flux. RESULTS Both FYN and cisplatin significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in A549 cells. FYN reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic cell populations less effectively than cisplatin. FYN cooperated with cisplatin suppressed the cell viability, colony formation, as well as increased the cell apoptosis rate, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. FYN inhibited autophagy in A549 cells, which characterized by the decrease of autophagosome formation, lysosomal fusion, LC3B-II accumulation and SQSTM1 degradation, down-regulation of ATG5 and ATG7. Protective autophagy in A549 cells was induced by cisplatin. Suppression of the autophagic response using chloroquine (CQ) which is autophagy inhibitor improved the ability of cisplatin to kill cancer cells, as did FYN combined with cisplatin. CONCLUSION In summary, we revealed that the synergistic mechanism of FYN and cisplatin is that FYN inhibited the protective autophagy induced by cisplatin in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Haibin Deng
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Zhenye Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Li XQ, Ren J, Wang Y, Su JY, Zhu YM, Chen CG, Long WG, Jiang Q, Li J. Synergistic killing effect of paclitaxel and honokiol in non-small cell lung cancer cells through paraptosis induction. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:135-150. [PMID: 32936421 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel is an anticancer drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug-resistance remains a major problem. Honokiol is a natural component which has been found to exhibit anti-tumor activity. Paclitaxel and honokiol have been reported to be able to induce paraptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether honokiol can reverse paclitaxel resistance by inducing paraptosis in NSCLC cells. METHODS NSCLC cell lines H1650 (paclitaxel-sensitive), H1299 and H1650/PTX (intrinsic and acquired paclitaxel-resistant, respectively) were used to assess the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel and honokiol. Light and transmission electron microscopy were performed to detect cytoplasmic vacuolation. In vitro cell viability and clonogenic survival assays, as well as in vivo xenograft assays were conducted to test synergistic killing effects of paclitaxel and honokiol on NSCLC cells. Western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate paraptosis-regulating mechanisms. RESULTS We found that combination treatment with paclitaxel and honokiol synergistically killed H1650, H1299 and H1650/PTX cells by inducing paraptosis, which is characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation. Moreover, paclitaxel/honokiol treatment resulted in a significant growth delay in H1299 xenograft tumors that showed extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation. Mechanistically, proteasomal inhibition-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses leading to ER dilation, and the disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload resulting in mitochondrial disfunction, were found to be involved in paclitaxel/honokiol-induced paraptosis. Cellular protein light chain 3 (LC3) may play an important role in paclitaxel/honokiol induced cytoplasmic vacuolation and NSCLC cell death. CONCLUSIONS Combination of honokiol and paclitaxel may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Yu Su
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Guo Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Guo Long
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Gandia D, Gandarias L, Rodrigo I, Robles-García J, Das R, Garaio E, García JÁ, Phan MH, Srikanth H, Orue I, Alonso J, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML. Unlocking the Potential of Magnetotactic Bacteria as Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents. Small 2019; 15:e1902626. [PMID: 31454160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are aquatic microorganisms that internally biomineralize chains of magnetic nanoparticles (called magnetosomes) and use them as a compass. Here it is shown that magnetotactic bacteria of the strain Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense present high potential as magnetic hyperthermia agents for cancer treatment. Their heating efficiency or specific absorption rate is determined using both calorimetric and AC magnetometry methods at different magnetic field amplitudes and frequencies. In addition, the effect of the alignment of the bacteria in the direction of the field during the hyperthermia experiments is also investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the biological structure of the magnetosome chain of magnetotactic bacteria is perfect to enhance the hyperthermia efficiency. Furthermore, fluorescence and electron microscopy images show that these bacteria can be internalized by human lung carcinoma cells A549, and cytotoxicity studies reveal that they do not affect the viability or growth of the cancer cells. A preliminary in vitro hyperthermia study, working on clinical conditions, reveals that cancer cell proliferation is strongly affected by the hyperthermia treatment, making these bacteria promising candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gandia
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandarias
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Irati Rodrigo
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Joshua Robles-García
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Raja Das
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Eneko Garaio
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPN), Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - José Ángel García
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Manh-Huong Phan
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Hariharan Srikanth
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Iñaki Orue
- SGIker Medidas Magnéticas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Departamento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria (UC), Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - M Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
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6
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Gandia D, Gandarias L, Rodrigo I, Robles-García J, Das R, Garaio E, García JÁ, Phan MH, Srikanth H, Orue I, Alonso J, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML. Unlocking the Potential of Magnetotactic Bacteria as Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents. Small 2019; 15:e1902626. [PMID: 31454160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201970222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are aquatic microorganisms that internally biomineralize chains of magnetic nanoparticles (called magnetosomes) and use them as a compass. Here it is shown that magnetotactic bacteria of the strain Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense present high potential as magnetic hyperthermia agents for cancer treatment. Their heating efficiency or specific absorption rate is determined using both calorimetric and AC magnetometry methods at different magnetic field amplitudes and frequencies. In addition, the effect of the alignment of the bacteria in the direction of the field during the hyperthermia experiments is also investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the biological structure of the magnetosome chain of magnetotactic bacteria is perfect to enhance the hyperthermia efficiency. Furthermore, fluorescence and electron microscopy images show that these bacteria can be internalized by human lung carcinoma cells A549, and cytotoxicity studies reveal that they do not affect the viability or growth of the cancer cells. A preliminary in vitro hyperthermia study, working on clinical conditions, reveals that cancer cell proliferation is strongly affected by the hyperthermia treatment, making these bacteria promising candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gandia
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandarias
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Irati Rodrigo
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Joshua Robles-García
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Raja Das
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Eneko Garaio
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPN), Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - José Ángel García
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Manh-Huong Phan
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Hariharan Srikanth
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Iñaki Orue
- SGIker Medidas Magnéticas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Departamento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria (UC), Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - M Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
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Chiang CW, Chuang EY. Biofunctional core-shell polypyrrole-polyethylenimine nanocomplex for a locally sustained photothermal with reactive oxygen species enhanced therapeutic effect against lung cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1575-1585. [PMID: 30880966 PMCID: PMC6400129 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s163299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymeric delivery systems have been elucidated over the last few years as an approach of achieving high therapeutic effect to the local site of malignant disease patients who have cancer. Polypyrrole (Ppy) is a potential organic conducting polymer which has long been recognized as a versatile material due to its excellent stability, conductive properties, and great absorbance in the range of near-infrared (NIR). It is tremendously versatile for use in various biomedical fields such as cancer therapy. NIR irradiation-activated treatment platform technologies are now being considered to be novel and exciting options in potential nanomedicine. However, the realistic photothermal use of Ppy-applied nanomaterials is yet in its early phase, and there are a few disadvantages of Ppy, such as its water insolubility. In the clinic, the common approach for treatment of lung cancer is the delivery of therapeutic active substances through intratumoral administration. Nevertheless, the tumor uptake, regional retention, mechanism of treatment, and tissue organ penetration regarding the developed strategy of this nanomaterial with photothermal hyperthermia are important issues for exerting effective cancer therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we developed a cationic Ppy-polyethylenimine nanocomplex (NC) with photothermal hyperthermia to study its physicochemical characteristics, including size distribution, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared morphology. We also examined the cellular uptake effect on lung cancer cells, the photothermal properties, intracellularly generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytotoxicity. RESULTS The results suggested that this nanocarrier system was able to effectively attach onto lung cancer cells for subsequent endocytosis. The NCs taken up were able to absorb NIR and then converted the NIR light into local hyperthermia with its intracellular photothermal performance to provide local hyperthermic treatment. This regionally generated hyperthermia also induced ROS formation and improved the killing of lung cancer cells as a promising local photothermal therapy. CONCLUSION This development of a nanocarrier would bring a novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University and International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
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8
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Abstract
Lung histopathology is currently based on the analysis of 2D sections of tissue samples. The use of microfocus X-ray-computed tomography imaging of unstained soft tissue can provide high-resolution 3D image datasets in the range of 2-10 μm without affecting the current diagnostic workflow. Important details of structural features such as the tubular networks of airways and blood vessels are contained in these datasets but are difficult and time-consuming to identify by manual image segmentation. Providing 3D structures permits a better understanding of tissue functions and structural interrelationships. It also provides a more complete picture of heterogeneous samples. In addition, 3D analysis of tissue structure provides the potential for an entirely new level of quantitative measurements of this structure that have previously been based only on extrapolation from 2D sections. In this paper, a workflow for segmenting such 3D images semi-automatically has been created using and extending the ImageJ open-source software and key steps of the workflow have been integrated into a new ImageJ plug-in called LungJ. Results indicate an improved workflow with a modular organization of steps facilitating the optimization for different sample and scan properties with expert input as required. This allows for incremental and independent optimization of algorithms leading to faster segmentation. Representation of the tubular networks in samples of human lung, building on those segmentations, has been demonstrated using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Wollatz
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Steven J Johnston
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter M Lackie
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Cox
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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9
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Zhang R, Li G, Zhang Q, Tang Q, Huang J, Hu C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu W, Gao N, Zhou S. Hirsutine induces mPTP-dependent apoptosis through ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/GSK3β pathway in human lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:598. [PMID: 29789524 PMCID: PMC5964100 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hirsutine extracted from Uncaria rhynchophylla has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which hirsutine exhibits anti-lung cancer activity remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that hirsutine induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells via loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, ROS production, as well as cytochrome c release. Dephosphorylation of GSK3β is involved in hirsutine-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening through ANT1/CypD interaction. Mechanistic study revealed that interruption of ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a critical role in hirsutine-mediated GSK3β dephosphorylation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Our in vivo study also showed that hirsutine effectively inhibits tumor growth in a A549 xenograft mouse model through ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling-mediated GSK3β dephosphorylation and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest a hierarchical model in which induction of apoptosis by hirsutine stems primarily from activation of ROCK1 and PTEN, inactivation of PI3K/Akt, leading in turn to GSK3β dephosphorylation and mPTP opening, and culminating in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. These findings could provide a novel mechanistic basis for the application of hirsutine in the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Pilotti S, Patriarca C, Lombardi L, Scopsi L, Rilke F. Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: A Clinicopathologic and Ultrastructural Study of 10 Cases. Tumori 2018; 78:121-9. [PMID: 1523704 DOI: 10.1177/030089169207800212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinico-pathologic characteristics of 10 resected pulmonary tumors, which proved to be well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (WDNC) on the basis of light microscopic, immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and immunoelectron microscopic investigations, were evaluated. The tumors showed a wide spectrum of histologic features that could be referred to three basic patterns: 1) a carcinoid-like pattern; 2) an organoid pattern characterized by palisading cells at the edge of cellular areas, and 3) a prevalent adenocarcinoma-like pattern. The second pattern was the most distinct even though it often mimicked the small cell/large cell subtype of small cell carcinoma (SCC) owing to its association with marked atypia and poor differentiation. All but one of the patients were males and smokers. The mean age was 58 years. Half of the tumors were centrally located including those showing the adenocarcinoma-like pattern. Disease-free and overall survival and type of tumor dissemination in four patients were similar to those of SCC. Five evaluable patients were alive and disease-free after a mean follow-up of 74 months. Two of these were initially diagnosed as SCC. We conclude that, because of its impact on prognosis, the diagnosis of WDNC appears to be relevant although other factors able to adversely affect the clinical course remain undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pilotti
- Division of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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11
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Clerici M, Lavezzi AM, Vergani C, Pezzuoli G, Luporini G, Matturri L. Cytogenetic Analysis in 28 Radically Operated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Preliminary Considerations. Tumori 2018; 75:483-5. [PMID: 2557692 DOI: 10.1177/030089168907500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight radically operated non-small-cell lung cancer patients were analyzed with regard to chromosomal assessment and DNA content: in 13 cases, different quantitative/ qualitative chromosome alterations were found. In particular, in 12 cases marker chromosomes and cytogenetic abnormalities in euploid cells were demonstrated. The prognostic value of these findings will be aim of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clerici
- Medical Oncology Department, S. Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Primary tumor and its metastases of subcutaneously injected Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) of the mouse were examined by light and electron microscopy. Although the optical appearance, in both cases, was of a indiffentiated carcinoma, the ultrastructural observation showed characteristic intracyto-plasmic myelinoid bodies similar to those seen in type II pneumocytes in normal lung. These findings suggest that Lewis lung carcinoma is a carcinoma derived from granular pneumocytes equivalent to human alveolar cell carcinoma. The histological and embryological aspects ot type II pneumocytes that could explain the histogenesis of this tumor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Pais Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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13
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Pilotti S, Rilke F, Lombardi L, Pastorino U. Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy of Intravascular Bronchioloalveolar Tumor of the Lung. Tumori 2018; 69:283-92. [PMID: 6312648 DOI: 10.1177/030089168306900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on an intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor (IVBAT) detected in the lungs of a 45-year-old female. The results of the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations stress the already suggested endothelial origin of the tumor. The clinical and histopathologic differential diagnoses between IVBAT and other rare tumors of the lung are discussed. Similarities of IVBAT with other more or less recently described endothelial tumors of the liver, skin and soft tissues are pointed out.
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14
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Naito M, Aokage K, Saruwatari K, Hisakane K, Miyoshi T, Hishida T, Yoshida J, Masato S, Kojima M, Kuwata T, Fujii S, Ochiai A, Sato Y, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. Microenvironmental changes in the progression from adenocarcinoma in situ to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2016; 100:53-62. [PMID: 27597281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Invasive lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) of the lung is thought to progress in a stepwise fashion from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). The aim of this study was to investigate the microenvironmental changes during the development from AIS to LPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinicopathological characteristics of AIS (n=51), MIA (n=59), LPA smaller than 3cm (LPA-S, n=113), and LPA larger than 3cm (LPA-L, n=47) were analyzed. We then evaluated the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules (E-cadherin, S100A4), invasion-related molecules (laminin-5, ezrin), stem-cell-related molecules (ALDH-1), and growth factor receptors (c-Met, EGFR) in cancer cells of each group (n=20). The number of tumor-promoting stromal cells, including podoplanin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (PDPN+ CAFs), CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages (CD204+ TAMs), and CD34+ microvessel cells, were also analyzed. RESULTS No significant difference in these characteristics was found between LPA-S and LPA-L. Laminin-5 expression in the non-invasive carcinoma component of MIA was significantly higher than that of AIS (p<0.001). During the progression from MIA to LPA-S, the expression level of laminin-5 in the invasive carcinoma component was significantly elevated (p<0.01). Moreover, tumor-promoting stromal cells were more frequently recruited in the invasive area of LPA-S (PDPN+ CAFs; p<0.05, CD204+ TAMs; p<0.001, CD34+ microvessel; p<0.05). Ezrin expression in the invasive carcinoma component of LPA-L was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to LPA-S; however, the number of tumor-promoting stromal cells were not different between these two groups. CONCLUSION Our current results indicated that microenvironmental molecular changes occur during the progression from MIA to LPA-S and suggested that this process may play an important role in disease progression from AIS to LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Naito
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery Kitasato University school of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Kouichi Saruwatari
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan; Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kakeru Hisakane
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan; Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hishida
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Junji Yoshida
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sugano Masato
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Kitasato University school of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan.
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15
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Srivastava A, Padilla O, Alroy J, Ucci A, Pilichowska M, Daley B, Wolfe HJ. Primary Intrapulmonary Spindle Cell Thymoma with Marked Granulomatous Reaction: Report of a Case with Review of Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 11:353-6. [PMID: 14615837 DOI: 10.1177/106689690301100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymoma is a rare lesion with around 20 cases reported so far in the literature. A pure spindle cell morphology in these lesions is rarer still with only a single case recorded to date. We report herein an interesting case of a 47-yearold-man, status post surgical resection and radiotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of mouth, who was being followed up for a radiologic opacity in the right lower lobe of the lung. The lesion remained stable in size for almost 5 years and then an increase in size was noted. A right lower lobectomy was performed with a preoperative suspicion of metastasis. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed a primary intrapulmonary spindle cell thymoma that displayed a prominent granulomatous reaction, a phenomenon not described so far in the literature. We discuss the possible embryologic origins and the pitfalls in diagnosis of these rare neoplasms. The remarkable granulomatous response observed in the tumor raises the possibility that similar lesions might conceivably occur in the thymus as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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16
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de Souza LR, Muehlmann LA, Matos LC, Simón-Vázquez R, Lacava ZGM, De-Paula AMB, Mosiniewicz-Szablewska E, Suchocki P, Morais PC, González-Fernández Á, Báo SN, Azevedo RB. Antitumor activity and systemic effects of PVM/MA-shelled selol nanocapsules in lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mice. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:505101. [PMID: 26580675 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/50/505101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Selol is a semi-synthetic compound containing selenite that is effective against cancerous cells and safer for clinical applications in comparison with other inorganic forms of selenite. Recently, we have developed a formulation of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-shelled selol nanocapsules (SPN), which reduced the proliferative activity of lung adenocarcinoma cells and presented little deleterious effects on normal cells in in vitro studies. In this study, we report on the antitumor activity and systemic effects induced by this formulation in chemically induced lung adenocarcinoma-bearing mice. The in vivo antitumor activity of the SPN was verified by macroscopic quantification, immunohistochemistry and morphological analyses. Toxicity analyses were performed by evaluations of the kidney, liver, and spleen; analyses of hemogram and plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine; and DNA fragmentation and cell cycle activity of the bone marrow cells. Furthermore, we investigated the potential of the SPN formulation to cause hemolysis, activate the complement system, provoke an inflammatory response and change the conformation of the plasma proteins. Our results showed that the SPN reduced the area of the surface tumor nodules but not the total number of tumor nodules. The biochemical and hematological findings were suggestive of the low systemic toxicity of the SPN formulation. The surface properties of the selol nanocapsules point to characteristics that are consistent with the treatment of the tumors in vivo: low hemolytic activity, weak inflammatory reaction with no activation of the complement system, and mild or absent conformational changes of the plasma proteins. In conclusion, this report suggests that the SPN formulation investigated herein exhibits anti-tumoral effects against lung adenocarcinoma in vivo and is associated with low systemic toxicity and high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Regina de Souza
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Programme, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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17
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Wang C, Wang Y, Li Y, Bodemann B, Zhao T, Ma X, Huang G, Hu Z, DeBerardinis RJ, White MA, Gao J. A nanobuffer reporter library for fine-scale imaging and perturbation of endocytic organelles. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8524. [PMID: 26437053 PMCID: PMC4600749 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomes, lysosomes and related catabolic organelles are a dynamic continuum of vacuolar structures that impact a number of cell physiological processes such as protein/lipid metabolism, nutrient sensing and cell survival. Here we develop a library of ultra-pH-sensitive fluorescent nanoparticles with chemical properties that allow fine-scale, multiplexed, spatio-temporal perturbation and quantification of catabolic organelle maturation at single organelle resolution to support quantitative investigation of these processes in living cells. Deployment in cells allows quantification of the proton accumulation rate in endosomes; illumination of previously unrecognized regulatory mechanisms coupling pH transitions to endosomal coat protein exchange; discovery of distinct pH thresholds required for mTORC1 activation by free amino acids versus proteins; broad-scale characterization of the consequence of endosomal pH transitions on cellular metabolomic profiles; and functionalization of a context-specific metabolic vulnerability in lung cancer cells. Together, these biological applications indicate the robustness and adaptability of this nanotechnology-enabled 'detection and perturbation' strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Brian Bodemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Xinpeng Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zeping Hu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Michael A. White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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18
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Christensen J, Vonwil D, Shastri VP. Non-Invasive In Vivo Imaging and Quantification of Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Rats Using Cells Expressing Far-Red Fluorescence Protein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132725. [PMID: 26186005 PMCID: PMC4505884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive in vivo imaging is emerging as an important tool for basic and preclinical research. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence dyes and probes have been used for non-invasive optical imaging since in the NIR region absorption and auto fluorescence by body tissue is low, thus permitting for greater penetration depths and high signal to noise ratio. Currently, cell tracking systems rely on labeling cells prior to injection or administering probes targeting the cell population of choice right before imaging. These approaches do not enable imaging of tumor growth, as the cell label is diluted during cell division. In this study we have developed cell lines stably expressing the far-red fluorescence protein E2-Crimson, thus enabling continuous detection and quantification of tumor growth. In a xenograft rat model, we show that E2-Crimson expressing cells can be detected over a 5 week period using optical imaging. Fluorescence intensities correlated with tumor volume and weight and allowed for a reliable and robust quantification of the entire tumor compartment. Using a novel injection regime, the seeding of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in the lungs in a rat model was established and verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Christensen
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS—Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Vonwil
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS—Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Srivatsan A, Pera P, Joshi P, Wang Y, Missert JR, Tracy EC, Tabaczynski WA, Yao R, Sajjad M, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Effect of chirality on cellular uptake, imaging and photodynamic therapy of photosensitizers derived from chlorophyll-a. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3603-17. [PMID: 25936263 PMCID: PMC4461543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the (124)I-analog of methyl 3-(1'-m-iodobenzyloxy) ethyl-3-devinyl-pyropheophorbide-a derived as racemic mixture from chlorophyll-a can be used for PET (positron emission tomography)-imaging in animal tumor models. On the other hand, as a non-radioactive analog, it showed excellent fluorescence and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Thus, a single agent in a mixture of radioactive ((124)I-) and non-radioactive ((127)I) material can be used for both dual-imaging and PDT of cancer. Before advancing to Phase I human clinical trials, we evaluated the activity of the individual isomers as well as the impact of a chiral center at position-3(1) in directing in vitro/in vivo cellular uptake, intracellular localization, epithelial tumor cell-specific retention, fluorescence/PET imaging, and photosensitizing ability. The results indicate that both isomers (racemates), either as methyl ester or carboxylic acid, were equally effective. However, the methyl ester analogs, due to subcellular deposition into vesicular structures, were preferentially retained. All derivatives containing carboxylic acid at the position-17(2) were noted to be substrate for the ABCG2 (a member of the ATP binding cassette transporters) protein explaining their low retention in lung tumor cells expressing this transporter. The compounds in which the chirality at position-3 has been substituted by a non-chiral functionality showed reduced cellular uptake, retention and lower PDT efficacy in mice bearing murine Colon26 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Srivatsan
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Paula Pera
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Penny Joshi
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Joseph R Missert
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Erin C Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Walter A Tabaczynski
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Rutao Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14221, United States
| | - Munawwar Sajjad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14221, United States
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
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20
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Hjerpe A, Ascoli V, Bedrossian CWM, Boon ME, Creaney J, Davidson B, Dejmek A, Dobra K, Fassina A, Field A, Firat P, Kamei T, Kobayashi T, Michael CW, Önder S, Segal A, Vielh P. Guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of epithelioid and mixed-type malignant mesothelioma. Complementary statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group, also endorsed by the International Academy of Cytology and the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology. Acta Cytol 2015; 59:2-16. [PMID: 25824655 DOI: 10.1159/000377697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide practical guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. DATA SOURCES Cytopathologists with an interest in the field involved in the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) and the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) contributed to this update. Reference material includes peer-reviewed publications and textbooks. RATIONALE This article is the result of discussions during and after the IMIG 2012 conference in Boston, followed by thorough discussions during the 2013 IAC meeting in Paris. Additional contributions have been obtained from cytopathologists and scientists who could not attend these meetings, with final discussions and input during the IMIG 2014 conference in Cape Town.
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the morphology, molecular structure, and chemistry of amphibole fibers from lung samples from workers in the chrysotile mines at Asbestos and Thetford Mines, Quebec. A fibrous tremolite-actinolite contaminant in an asbestos ore sample from the deposit at Asbestos was used for comparison. Lattice imaging was performed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Silica-rich amorphous coatings (SIRA) that may be related to carcinogenesis are noted on all of the HRTEM photographs of fibers retained in lung, but not on fiber surfaces of the bulk comparison sample. Fibers found in lung samples and in a bulk comparison sample are produced primarily by splitting of thicker crystals and, as such, might not be considered asbestos fibers on the basis of certain mineralogical criteria. Implications of SIRA coatings with respect to carcinogenesis are worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Germine
- a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Rutgers University , Newark , New Jersey , USA
| | - John H Puffer
- a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Rutgers University , Newark , New Jersey , USA
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22
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Lee LH, Tambasco M, Otsuka S, Wright A, Klimowicz A, Petrillo S, Morris D, Magliocco A, Bebb DG. Digital differentiation of non-small cell carcinomas of the lung by the fractal dimension of their epithelial architecture. Micron 2014; 67:125-131. [PMID: 25151215 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, differences have emerged in the treatment of squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). This highlights the importance of accurate histopathologic classification. However, there remains inter-observer disagreement when making diagnoses based on histology. Fractal dimension (FD) is a mathematical measure of irregularity and complexity of shape. We hypothesize that the FD of carcinoma epithelial architecture can assist in differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. METHODS 134 resected (88 ADC and 46 SCC) cases of resected early-stage NSCLC were analyzed. Tissue micro arrays were generated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, stained with pan-cytokeratin, and digitally imaged and the FD of the epithelial structure calculated. Mean FD of ADC and SCC were compared using the independent t-test, partial correlations, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. RESULTS A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean FD of ADC (M=1.70, SD=0.07) and SCC (M=1.78, SD=0.07) was found. Significance remained (p<0.001) when controlling for several possible confounders. ROC analysis demonstrated an area-under-the-curve of 0.81 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The epithelial structure FD of NSCLC has potential as a reproducible and automated measure to help subtype NSCLCs into ADC and SCC. With further image analysis algorithm improvements, fractal analysis may be a component in computerized histomorphological assessments of lung cancer and may provide an adjunct test in differentiating NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik Hang Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9
| | - Mauro Tambasco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4; Department of Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2 N 4N2
| | - Shannon Otsuka
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2 N 4N2
| | - Allison Wright
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2 N 4N2
| | - Alexander Klimowicz
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2 N 4N2
| | - Stephanie Petrillo
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2 N 4N2
| | - Don Morris
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2 N 4N2
| | - Anthony Magliocco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - D Gwyn Bebb
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2 N 4N2.
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Wang JF, Baidoo C, Collins BT. Improved efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in comparison to endobronchial ultrasound-guided miniforceps biopsy. Acta Cytol 2014; 58:125-30. [PMID: 24457354 DOI: 10.1159/000357358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) cytology and EBUS-miniforceps biopsy (MFB) have emerged as less invasive tools for evaluating mediastinal lymph nodes and pulmonary lesions. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic yields of EBUS-FNA cytology to EBUS-MFB. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing the database at our institution between December 12, 2010, and August 10, 2012. A total of 476 consecutive cases were identified. Of these, 227 patients had concurrent FNA and MFB taken during the procedure. The results and diagnostic yields of both techniques are calculated. RESULTS Of the 476 cases, the mean age was 62 ± 14 years with 53% being males. In 453 of the total cases, the less invasive FNA technique alone produced enough diagnostic cytology material negating the need for concurrent MFB. Of these FNA cases, 280 were diagnosed as malignant neoplasms. The diagnostic yield of EBUS-FNA cytology was comparable to EBUS-MFB (95% FNA and 94% MFB). There were discordant diagnoses between cytology and histology in 19 of the 227 (∼8.4%) cases. CONCLUSIONS EBUS-FNA cytology is a more efficacious diagnostic modality compared to EBUS-MFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff F Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA
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Xu X, Ji XL, Xu MZ. Significance of the histological and ultrastructural features of elastic fibers in diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:1373-1378. [PMID: 24867516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The accurate identification of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) from adenocarcinoma (AC) and other types of lung cancer is important from clinical perspectives; especially, when BAC is histologically-mixed with AC. We hypothesized that the elastic fibers (EF) pattern could be used as a differential marker to identify BAC from other lung cancers. The aim was to characterize the EF pattern in different types of lung cancer and evaluate its significance for differential diagnosis of BAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical samples of different types of lung cancers were collected. The samples were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining for histopathological comparison. Then, modified Weigert's staining of the EF was performed to characterize its patterns. The EFs were semi-quantified and compared among different types of lung cancer. Further, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) was performed and ultrastructural features of the EFs were compared between BAC and adenocarcinoma (AC). RESULTS H&E staining histopathology could differentiate the most types of lung cancer except certain types, such as histologically-mixed BAC and AC. The EF pattern in BAC was uniquely different from other types of lung cancer as > 95% of BAC was + or ++ for EF staining while > 95% of other types of lung cancer were--or ± type. TEM study further confirmed the EF pattern difference between BAC and AC. CONCLUSIONS As the data show, as > 95% BAC specimens can be identified from other lung cancers based on EF (Weigert's) staining. The EF pattern in BAC is uniquely different from other types of lung cancer and, therefore, can be used as a differential clinical marker of BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Technology, Chinese PLA Medical School and Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China.
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25
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Chandler JE, Subramanian H, Maneval CD, White CA, Levenson RM, Backman V. High-speed spectral nanocytology for early cancer screening. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18:117002. [PMID: 24193949 PMCID: PMC3817856 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.11.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput partial wave spectroscopy (HTPWS) is introduced as a high-speed spectral nanocytology technique that utilizes the field effect of carcinogenesis to perform minimally invasive cancer screening on at-risk populations. HTPWS uses fully automated hardware and an acousto-optic tunable filter to scan slides at low magnification, to select cells, and to rapidly acquire spectra at each spatial pixel in a cell between 450 and 700 nm, completing measurements of 30 cells in 40 min. Statistical quantitative analysis on the size and density of intracellular nanostructures extracted from the spectra at each pixel in a cell yields the diagnostic biomarker, disorder strength (Ld). Linear correlation between Ld and the length scale of nanostructures was measured in phantoms with R2=0.93. Diagnostic sensitivity was demonstrated by measuring significantly higher Ld from a human colon cancer cell line (HT29 control vector) than a less aggressive variant (epidermal growth factor receptor knockdown). Clinical diagnostic performance for lung cancer screening was tested on 23 patients, yielding a significant difference in Ld between smokers and cancer patients, p=0.02 and effect size=1.00. The high-throughput performance, nanoscale sensitivity, and diagnostic sensitivity make HTPWS a potentially clinically relevant modality for risk stratification of the large populations at risk of developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Chandler
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Address all correspondence to: John E. Chandler, Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208. Tel: (847)467-3216; Fax: (847)491-4928; E-mail:
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Charles D. Maneval
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Craig A. White
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Richard M. Levenson
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, PATH Building, 4400 V Street, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Vadim Backman
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Wei Y, Xu Y, Han X, Qi Y, Xu L, Xu Y, Yin L, Sun H, Liu K, Peng J. Anti-cancer effects of dioscin on three kinds of human lung cancer cell lines through inducing DNA damage and activating mitochondrial signal pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:118-28. [PMID: 23764357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, has been widely investigated. However, its anti-cancer activities on human lung cancer cells are still unknown. In the present paper, the inhibitory effects of dioscin were investigated, and the results showed that dioscin inhibited the proliferation of human A549, NCI-H446 and NCI-H460 cancer cells. DNA damage and cell apoptosis in dioscin-treated cells were found through single cell gel electrophoresis and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays. Furthermore, dioscin caused mitochondrial structure changes and blocked cell cycle at S phase based on transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry analysis. In addition, dioscin treatment caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol. The activities of Caspase-3 and -9 in dioscin-treated groups were significantly increased compared with control group. Western blotting analysis showed that dioscin significantly down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and up-regulated the expressions of Bax, Bak and Bid. Our results indicate that dioscin has anticancer activities against human lung cancer cells through inducing cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and activating mitochondrial signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Chekini AK, Pavlovskaia AI, Smirnova EA. [Morphological features of pulmonary and thymic carcinoid tumor]. Arkh Patol 2012; 74:40-41. [PMID: 22880414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Morphological features of atypical and typical subtypes of pulmonary and thymic carcinoid tumors have been studied by pathohistological, immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic methods. There are the main principles of differential diagnostics in the article.
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Onozato ML, Klepeis VE, Yagi Y, Mino-Kenudson M. A role of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in the classification of lung adenocarcinoma. Stud Health Technol Inform 2012; 179:250-256. [PMID: 22925805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from paraffin embedded sections has been considered laborious and time-consuming. However, the high-resolution images of large object areas and different fields of view obtained by 3D reconstruction make one wonder whether it can add a new insight into lung adenocarcinoma, the most frequent histology type of lung cancer characterized by its morphological heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE In this work, we tested whether an automated tissue sectioning machine and slide scanning system could generate precise 3D reconstruction of microanatomy of the lung and help us better understand and define histologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Four formalin-fixed human lung adenocarcinoma resections were studied. Paraffin embedded tissues were sectioned with Kurabo-Automated tissue sectioning machine and serial sections were automatically stained and scanned with a Whole Slide Imaging device. The resulting stacks of images were 3D reconstructed by Mirax Panoramic View software. RESULTS Two of the four specimens contained the islands of tumor cells detached in alveolar spaces that had not been described in any of the existing adenocarcinoma classifications. 3D reconstruction revealed the details of spatial distribution and structural interaction of the tumor that could hardly be observed by 2D light microscopy studies. The islands of tumor cells extended into a deeper aspect of the tissue, and were interconnected with each other and with the main tumor with a solid pattern that was surrounded by the islands. The finding raises the question whether the islands of tumor cells should be classified into a solid pattern in the current classification. CONCLUSION The combination of new technologies enabled us to build an effective 3D reconstruction of resected lung adenocarcinomas. 3D reconstruction may help us refine the classification of lung adenocarcinoma by adding detailed spatial/structural information to 2D light microscopy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela L Onozato
- Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang L, Wang M, Cheng H, Li Q. [Gambogenic acid inhibits proliferation of A549 cells through apoptosis-inducing]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2011; 36:1217-1221. [PMID: 21842653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To explore gambogenic acid (GNA)-induced apoptosis and underlying mechanism in vivo. A549 nude mice xenografts were used as in vivo model to study anticancer effect of GNA by observing tumor growth curve and weight of the tumor. Ultrastructure of A549 cells treated by GNA was observed by TE. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL assay was applied in examining apoptosis index of tumor cells. The tumor isolated from mice treated by GNA (8, 16 mg kg(-1)) took on a slow growth condition compared with control group. The results suggested that weight and volume of the tumor from experimental groups were remarkably decreased compared with control group (P < 0.05). Ultrastructure change of the tumor, such as vacuolization, abnormal distribution of the heterochromosome, volume of the tumor cells, even apoptotic bodies, were observed in GNA-treated group. While no apparent morphological change was observed in the normal group. Typical apoptotic characteristics could be distinctly observed in the mouse treated by GNA for 20 days and apoptosis index in GNA-treated group was significantly higher than model group. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF were significantly down-regulated in GNA-treated groups in comparison with control group (P < 0.01). These results indicate that GNA could affect the development and progression of A549 cells through inducing apoptosis, mediating the expression of VEGF in vascular cells and COX-2 in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Experimental Center for Scientific Research, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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Piegari M, Ortiz S, Díaz MDP, Eynard AR, Valentich MA. Characterization of a murine lung adenocarcinoma (LAC1), a useful experimental model to study progression of lung cancer. J Exp Ther Oncol 2011; 9:231-239. [PMID: 22070055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most important avoidable causes of death around the world, the most widespread carcinoma, with a very poor prognosis, and is the leading cause of cancer death in both developed and developing countries. We report morphological and biological behavior characteristics of a tumor that arose in only one BALB/c mouse of an experimental group treated with urethane, a chemical lung-tumorigenic agent. Morphological and immunochemical analysis indicated phenotypic compatibility with a lung adenocarcinoma. The tumor was named LAC1 (lung adenocarcinoma 1). Implant success in eight LAC1-bearing mice generations was 100%, with a fast evolution (58 survival days) and good metastatic capacity (41% of animals with metastases). The tumor induced a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by anemia, neutrophilia, cachexia, splenomegaly and thymic atrophy. The lymphoproliferation to Con A was altered in tumor-bearing mice. This lung adenocarcinoma may be a useful experimental model for studying tumor progression, paraneoplastic syndromes and immunology in carcinogenic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Piegari
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP5000, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Imai T, Suga M, Kaimori M, Hiyama M, Yokoyama K, Kurotaki H. Peripheral pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma with prominent cilia: report of a rare case that was difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Acta Cytol 2010; 54:949-957. [PMID: 21053576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pulmonary cytology, the existence of cilia is considered cytologic evidence of benign cells because it is generally considered that cilia could not be identified by light microscopic observation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, we encountered a rare exceptional case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with cilia. CASE A 55-year-old woman with bloody sputum was admitted. Computed tomography revealed a lung tumor. Although transbronchial brushing cytology showed atypical cells suggestive of malignancy, some atypical cells had cilia, so we could not diagnose them as cancer cells. After antibiotic therapy, the tumor was surgically excised. Imprint cytology showed similar atypical ciliated cells. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as papillary adenocarcinoma with cilia and diffuse pleural dissemination was observed. Electron microscopic observation identified cilia. The patient died due to aggravation of cancer, which was confirmed on autopsy. CONCLUSION This rare case of peripheral pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma with cilia could not be diagnosed as cancer cell on cytology. Pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma with cilia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical cells in pulmonary cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Imai
- Department of Pathology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Higashi Tukurimiti 2-1-1, Aomori, Japan.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of pulmonary cancer induced by N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in mice. NPIP is a form of N-nitrosamine found in tobacco smoke, which has been shown to be a genotoxic chemical as well as a mutagenic compound for inducing chromosome aberrations and severe clastogenicity. In this study, 80 BALB/C strain mice were injected with 0.2 mmol/kg NPIP intraperitoneally for 8 weeks, and experiments were conducted for a further 16 weeks. For the control group, 40 mice were injected with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. Pulmonary tissues and tumors in the NPIP-treated group were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and compared with the control group at 4-week intervals. The mRNA levels of p53 (mutant), bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and subunits of telomerase - telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an RNA component, TR - were assayed by mPCR or RT-PCR. Twenty-two mice in the experimental group were found to develop pulmonary tumors, but none in the control group. All tumors found in the experimental group originated from alveolar type II epithelial cells. In addition, 6 of the 22 mice also developed tumors of bronchogenic origin. The expression of p53, bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and the subunits of telomerase were found to increase in all pulmonary tissues and tumors formed thereafter upon NPIP treatment. In summary, NPIP-induced mouse lung tumors exhibited morphological changes during carcinogenesis, which may be the consequence of overexpression of some genes associated with the development of carcinoma and changes in subunits of telomerase. This mouse model of lung tumor formation may be a useful tool to delineate the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of human pulmonary cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma/chemically induced
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adenoma/ultrastructure
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/ultrastructure
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ultrastructure
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, bcl-2
- Genes, myc
- Genes, p53
- Genes, ras
- Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitrosamines
- Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/ultrastructure
- Telomerase/genetics
- Telomerase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Xie
- Department of Tumor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R. China.
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Jiang RD, Shen H, Piao YJ. The morphometrical analysis on the ultrastructure of A549 cells. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2010; 51:663-667. [PMID: 21103623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the morphometric characteristics of ultrastructure inside A549 cells. METHODS A549 cells were processed for inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell images were obtained randomly using inverted microscopy and TEM. The morphometric parameters of ultrastructure were tested using precise morphometric techniques by Image-Pro Plus analysis software. RESULTS (1) The diameter of A549 cells from inverted microscopy and TEM images was 14.93 μm and 10.59 μm. (2) By defining cell as reference space the volume densities (VV) of nucleus and cytoplasm were about 0.28 and 0.72; the surface densities (SV) of nucleus were 0.19 μm-1. By defining cell nucleus as reference space the VV of nucleoli, euchromatin and heterochromatin were 0.076, 0.72 and 0.20 respectively; the SV of nucleoli was 0.15 μm-1. By defining cytoplasm as reference space the VV of mitochondria, lamellar bodies and lysosomes were 0.046, 0.025 and 0.014; the SV of mitochondria, lamellar bodies and lysosomes were 0.60 μm-1, 0.36 μm-1, and 0.18 μm-1. (3) In individual A549 cell total volume and surface of mitochondria were 61.91 μm³ and 1001.67 μm²; Total volume and surface area of lamellar bodies were 76.82 μm³ and 428.68 μm²; Total volume and surface area of lysosomes were 21.69 μm³ and 212.04 μm². CONCLUSIONS The morphometric parameters of some ultrastructures within A549 cells were established using precise morphometric techniques by Image-Pro Plus analysis software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-de Jiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Li ZF, Pan D, Huang C, Zhou R, Liu ZW. Changes of splenic macrophage during the process of liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009; 122:3043-3047. [PMID: 20137499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that spleen plays a complex role in the tumor immunity, which would change in the different periods of cancer. In this study, we investigated the changes in the function of splenic macrophage (Mphi) in different stages of liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. The aim was to support the characteristics of "two-way" and "phase" of spleen in tumor immunity. METHODS The model of pulmonary metastasis of liver cancer was established in forty male SD rats by DEN. In the 8th, 13th and 16th week, 10 rats were randomly chosen and sacrificed, and divided into cirrhosis, liver cancer and pulmonary metastasis groups depending on the pathological result, respectively. The other 10 rats were taken as control group. The Mphi was isolated by anchoring cultivation. The changes in ultrastructure, phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, antigen processing and presenting, and viability of splenic Mphi were detected by transmission electron microscopy, Vybrant(TM) Phagocytosis Assay, DQ(TM) Ovalbumin, and rat TNF-alpha ELISpot kits. RESULTS Under the electron microscope, the Mphi in the control group had some pseudopodium-like prominences, and mitochondria, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome can be found in the cytoplasm, and phagocytized RBC. In the liver cirrhosis and liver cancer group, Mphi had more prominences, meanwhile much more mitochondria, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome can be found in the cytoplasm, especially in the liver cancer group. In the pulmonary metastasis group, the Mphi was swelling, with few organelle. As compared to the control group, the function of splenic Mphi increased in cirrhosis and cancer groups, but decreased in metastasis group (phagocytosis rate: (84.7 +/- 1.9)%, (89.5 +/- 3.1)%, and (36.0 +/- 2.6)% vs (75.6 +/- 1.7)%, P < 0.05, P < 0.01; viability: (1.53 +/- 0.15)%, (1. +/- 0.14)%, and (1.12 +/- 0.29)% vs (1.48 +/- 0.17)%, P < 0.05, P < 0.01; TNF-alpha secretion: (741.0 +/- 52.9)%, (1126.2 +/- 174.5)%, and (313.8 +/- 50.8)% vs (626.6 +/- 24.6)%, P < 0.05, P < 0.01; positive cell rate of antigen processing and presenting: (24.03 +/- 1.87)%, (27.95 +/- 2.63)%, and (10.46 +/- 2.16)% vs (16.45 +/- 1.86)%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the stage of cirrhosis and early cancer, the immune functions of splenic Mphi were reinforced. It may promote the non-specificity tumor immunity. On opposite, in the stage of pulmonary metastasis, the immune functions of splenic Mphi were impaired. It may lead to the decrease of tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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Wang NS, Liu C, Emond J, Tsao MS. Annulate Lamellae in a Large Cell Lung Carcinoma Cell Line with High Expression of Tyrosine Kinase Receptor and Proto-Oncogenes. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 16:439-49. [PMID: 1354400 DOI: 10.3109/01913129209057829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The morphology, karyotype, in vitro growth properties, and expression of tyrosine kinase receptors and proto-oncogenes are reported for a newly established large cell undifferentiated lung carcinoma cell line (RVH-6849). The results were analyzed concomitantly with those for two well-established cell lines from an adenocarcinoma of the lung (A549) and a squamous cell carcinoma (A431). All three cell lines demonstrated common ultrastructural features of epithelial cells, but only RVH-6849 had frequent aggregates of centrioles and annulate lamellae (AL) and was polyploid, having five to seven copies of chromosome 7 by karyotype analysis. All three cell lines expressed transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erb B-2, and c-met genes. RVH-6849 cells, however, expressed the most messenger RNA (mRNA) for TGF-alpha, c-erb B-2, and c-met. Only EGFR mRNA was expressed more in the other two cell lines, especially in A431 cells. AL represent an exaggerated form of the nuclear membrane-pore complex that is found in actively proliferating cells such as germ and some neoplastic cells. AL are suspected to be involved in the deposition or processing of mRNA: The enhanced coexpression of AL and mRNAs of three tyrosine kinase-containing receptors in RVH-6849 cells may represent such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Wang
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Petersen I, Kotb WFMA, Friedrich KH, Schlüns K, Böcking A, Dietel M. Core classification of lung cancer: correlating nuclear size and mitoses with ploidy and clinicopathological parameters. Lung Cancer 2009; 65:312-8. [PMID: 19168259 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to establish a microscopy based tumour characterization providing insight into the genetics of cancer cells and in particular their DNA ploidy. The core classification defined semi-quantitative criteria for scoring the nuclear size ranging from small (core score 1) to giant nuclei (core score 4). By listing all nuclear sizes according to their relative frequencies it provided a measure for core size variability as a correlate of nuclear pleomorphism. Additionally, the mitosis size, their variability and the presence/abundance of tripolar and tetrapolar mitoses were determined. This classification was applied to 155 lung cancer samples from all major histologic types and the results were correlated with the analysis by DNA image cytometry and patient survival. The morphological assessments correlated highly significantly with the DNA ploidy parameters, e.g. small cell lung carcinomas showed the smallest values for nuclear size (mean core score of 1.18) and DNA content (DNA index mean of 2.08c) being highly significantly different from adenocarcinomas (1.95/3.10c), large cell lung carcinoma (2.00/3.26c) and squamous cell carcinoma (2.20/3.42c). In non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in general and adenocarcinoma in particular, the core size variability correlated significantly with grading and survival. Furthermore, parameters indicative for chromosomal variability, i.e. 2c deviation index and 5c exceeding rate, were predictors of poor survival in NSCLC patients. As a complement to histologic tumour diagnosis the core classification should help to better stratify cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Barbieri PG, Somigliana A, Lombardi S, Girelli R, Benvenuti A. [Asbestos fibre lung burden and exposure indices in asbestos-cement workers]. Med Lav 2009; 100:21-28. [PMID: 19263869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many previous studies, the asbestos fibres retained in the lung were regarded as a good index of cumulative occupational asbestos exposure. Twelve workers suffering from asbestos-related diseases and had been employed in an asbestos-cement factory operating from 1961 to 1994 underwent post mortem investigations in the course of a criminal law suit. OBJECTIVES Samples of lung tissues were collected for electron microscopy analysis to measure the asbestos fibre burden of the lungs in workers with high exposure, and assess the possible correlation between asbestos fibre lung burden and the estimated levels of cumulative exposure. METHODS Samples of lung parenchyma obtained from a consecutive series of 12 post-mortem examinations that were performed between 1994 and 2007and included 5 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma, 4 lung cancers, 1 case of asbestosis and2 ofpleuralplagues, were collected, stored and analysed by SEM electron microscopy, according to the methods suggested by the current scientific literature. For each worker, all males, a detailed occupational history was reconstructed by means ofpersonal interviews; both the measurements of airborne asbestos fibresperformed by the factory in the 1970's and the duration of each single job in the plant were taken into account to estimate an individual cumulative exposure index. RESULTS A wide variation of total asbestos fibre concentrations in the lung (1,320-118 million) was observed; in all 12 workers, the lung amphibole fibre burden exceeded 1,000,000 fibres per g/dry tissue, The highest values were detected in the mesothelioma cases, in which the mean fibre concentrations differed statistically (t=2.29, p=0.045) from the mean calculated for the other asbestos-related diseases; in 9 subjects only amphibole fibres were detected. There was a good correlation between total asbestos fibre concentration and cumulative exposure index (r=0.91, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION This study, which was numerically the biggest ever performed in Italy for this category of workers, confirms a wide range of total asbestos fibre burden in heavily occupationally exposed workers and showed that of the asbestos-related diseases, the highest lung concentrations of asbestos fibres were reached in cases of mesothelioma. It was also observed that almost the entire lung burden consists of only amphibole fibres, all exceeding 1 million per gramme of dry tissue. This study tested a synthetic cumulative occupational exposure index, which appears to be well correlated to the level of exposure established by biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Barbieri
- Servizio Prevenzione e Sicurezza Ambienti di Lavoro, ASL Brescia, UO Medicina del Lavoro.
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Paoletti L, Bruni BM. [Size distribution of amphibole fibres from lung and pleural tissues sampled from mesothelioma cases due to environmental exposure]. Med Lav 2009; 100:11-20. [PMID: 19263868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that malignant mesothelioma might be mainly or only connected with the action of short and ultrathin fibres. On the basis of this hypothesis fibres less than 5 microm long and 0.2-0.1 microm thick would enter the pulmonary-pleura barrier and reach the parietal pleura thus inducing mesothelioma. The hypothesis raised a stimulating scientific discussion. OBJECTIVES The aim of this communication is to report the initial results obtained comparing the size of amphibole fibres from healthy lung tissue with those from pleural tissue sampled from subjects whose death cause of death was mesothelioma. METHODS Four mesothelioma cases due to environmental exposure were studied; the fibres were categorized by scanning electron microscopy; for every fibre, length and diameter were measured and the mineral type was defined by its chemical composition determined by X-ray microanalysis. RESULTS The most important characteristics of the detected fibres were: the average length offibres from the lung and pleural tissues taken from the same subject did not difer, in all cases, by more than 10-12%; 95% offibres found in the lung tissues of all subjects had a length greater than 5 microm; 98% of fibres found in the pleural tissues had a length greater than 5 microm; the average diameter of the fibres found in the pleural tissues was 70% of the diameter of the fibres from the lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS The experimental data obtained in this study confirm the correlation between malignant mesothelioma and the presence in the lung and pleural tissues of fibres with a length greater, even much greater, than 4-5 microm; thus the hypothesis that the chief factors inducing mesothelioma are the "ultrashort" and "ultrathin" fibres appears rather weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paoletti
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma.
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Kudryavets YI, Bezdenezhnykh NO, Lukyanova NY, Tregubova NA, Vorontsova AL. Modifying influence of prolonged action of interferon on phenotypic characteristics of human lung cancer cells in vitro. Exp Oncol 2008; 30:283-288. [PMID: 19112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study modifying influence of interferon (IFN) on some phenotypic properties of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) upon prolonged exposition of the cells with IFN. MATERIALS AND METHODS A-549 cells were cultivated with IFN at increasing concentrations for a long period of time (up to 1 year). Cell morphology and ultrastructure were studied by light and electron microscopy. Expression of adhesion protein E-cadherin, and vimentin, cytosceleton protein associated with tumor cell migration and invasion, antigen of proliferating cells Ki-67, angiogenesis-stimulating protein VEGF were studied using the method of immunocytochemistry. Autonomity of the cell growth was studied with the use of colony formation in soft agar, platting efficiency assay, and growth in serum-free medium. RESULTS It has been shown that prolonged action of IFN results in significant and irreversible inhibition of manifestation of malignant phenotype: decreased of proliferative potential and inhibited autonomy of the cells; in complicated cell ultrastructure; in decreased expression vimentin and in increased expression of E-cadherin. Also, an inhibiting influence of IFN on expression of EGF receptors and VEGF in tumor cells have been shown. CONCLUSIONS The data are showing that prolonged exposition of NSCLC cells to IFN is accompanied by stable phenotypic alterations of the cells directed on significant loss of malignancy and their shift to more differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu I Kudryavets
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Kawata E, Ashihara E, Kimura S, Takenaka K, Sato K, Tanaka R, Yokota A, Kamitsuji Y, Takeuchi M, Kuroda J, Tanaka F, Yoshikawa T, Maekawa T. Administration of PLK-1 small interfering RNA with atelocollagen prevents the growth of liver metastases of lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2904-12. [PMID: 18790771 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in lung cancer patients. However, current therapies are not sufficient. RNA interference provides us a powerful and promising approach for treating human diseases including cancers. Herein, we investigated the in vitro effects of PLK-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on human lung cancer cell lines and the in vivo usage of PLK-1 siRNA with atelocollagen as a drug delivery system in a murine liver metastasis model of lung cancer. PLK-1 was overexpressed in cell lines and in cancerous tissues from lung cancer patients. PLK-1 siRNA treatment inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. To verify in vivo efficacy, we confirmed that atelocollagen was a useful drug delivery system in our model of implanted luciferase-labeled A549LUC cells by detecting reduced bioluminescence after an i.v. injection of luciferase GL3 siRNA/atelocollagen. PLK-1 siRNA/atelocollagen was also successfully transfected into cells and inhibited the progression of metastases. This study shows the efficacy of i.v. administration of PLK-1 siRNA/atelocollagen for liver metastases of lung cancer. We believe siRNA therapy will be a powerful and promising strategy against advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kawata
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Volpicelli G, Caramello V, Cardinale L, Mussa A, Bar F, Frascisco MF. Detection of sonographic B-lines in patients with normal lung or radiographic alveolar consolidation. Med Sci Monit 2008; 14:CR122-CR128. [PMID: 18301355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse comet-tail B-line artifacts in lung ultrasound are a sign of alveolar-interstitial syndrome, but isolated transthoracic scans positive for B-lines (multiple B lines or B+) could be detected in other conditions. The aim was to assess the prevalence and distribution of this sonographic sign in patients with normal lung or isolated alveolar consolidation in chest radiography. MATERIAL/METHODS Two hundred seventeen patients consecutively admitted to this emergency medicine unit with any diagnosis and without radiographic or clinical evidence of diffuse interstitial syndrome were analyzed. Each patient underwent chest radiography and lung sonographic examination with four anterolateral chest scans per side. RESULTS Of the 1736 sonographic scans performed, 13.2% were positive for the B+ pattern. Positive scans significantly corresponded to laterobasal areas or radiographic opacities due to lung alveolar consolidations (p<0.005). Twenty percent of the laterobasal scans of 145 patients with radiologically normal lung were positive. The negative predictive value of B+ was 83.9% (95% confidence interval: 78.2-89.7%), with a specificity of 90.3% (95%CI: 85.5-95.1%) for predicting any localized radiographic pulmonary opacity. CONCLUSIONS B+ scans can be detected in the chest areas surrounding an isolated alveolar consolidation and in the laterobasal scans of a radiographic normal lung. These features should always be considered when lung ultrasound is performed to rule out the alveolar-interstitial syndrome in an emergency setting. Moreover, B+ patterns have a satisfactory negative predictive value for radiographic lung opacities, which could have added diagnostic value in the ED evaluation of dyspneic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Volpicelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy.
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Wang TW, Wu HC, Wang WR, Lin FH, Lou PJ, Shieh MJ, Young TH. The development of magnetic degradable DP-Bioglass for hyperthermia cancer therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:828-37. [PMID: 17559118 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic degradable material was developed by adding Fe ions into DP-Bioglass (Na(2)O-CaO-P(2)O(5)-SiO(2)) as thermoseed for hyperthermia cancer therapy under an alternating magnetic field. We have investigated the properties of developed magnetic DP-Bioglass including morphology, chemical composition, and magnetism. The degradability was conducted by measuring the released concentrations of Na, Ca, Si, P, and Fe ions. The biocompatibility was analyzed by biological assays, and the functional hyperthermia effect to cancer cells was evaluated by in vitro cell culture test. In the results, the morphology of synthesized magnetic DP-Bioglass was revealed in sphere and rod shape with particle size around 50-100 nm. From the hysteresis loop analysis, it showed that the group of Fe/Bioglass = 0.2 possessed the maximum magnetization property. When cultured with fibroblasts, the magnetic DP-Bioglass had no significant influence on cell viability and mediated low cytotoxicity. The thermal-induced property demonstrated that after exposure to an alternating magnetic field, the cell number of human Caucasian lung carcinoma cells (A549) was significantly decreased when temperature was increasing to 45 degrees C. In brief, successfully incorporated with Fe ions by sol-gel method, this magnetic degradable DP-Bioglass possessed the potential and properties of hyperthermia effect to lung carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shibata MA, Miwa Y, Morimoto J, Otsuki Y. Easy stable transfection of a human cancer cell line by electrogene transfer with an Epstein–Barr virus-based plasmid vector. Med Mol Morphol 2007; 40:103-7. [PMID: 17572846 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-007-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an easy and stable transfection technique using electrogene transfer with a nonviral Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-based vector. To achieve stable transfection of human breast cancer cells, we conducted electrogene transfer of an EB virus-based plasmid vector (reduced size of oriP) containing the enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) gene. Because the EB virus-based vector exhibits high transfer efficiency and strong persistent transgene expression as a result of autonomous replication in human cells, and as Nucleofector electrogene transfer can achieve highly efficient gene transfection, this method is particularly suitable for generation of stably transfected cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Basic Medicine I and High-Tech Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
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Abstract
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease and only 25 cases have been reported so far. It was first proposed by Mazur and Kurman in 1994 as an unusual type of trophoblastic tumor that is distinct from placental site trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma and has features resembling carcinoma. A case of ETT of the lung in a 38-year-old Japanese woman is reported. The patient had suffered from a hydatidiform mole at the age of 27 years, and had four normal deliveries at the ages of 24, 31, 35 and 37 years. Because no tumor lesions were detected in the uterus, the patient was suspected of having metastatic choriocarcinoma with multiple lesions in the lung accompanied by an elevated level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In order to make an exact diagnosis, a partial resection of metastatic foci in the lung was performed. Microscopically, the tumor showed hemorrhagic necrotic foci and was composed of mainly mononuclear tumor cells and some giant tumor cells resembling trophoblastic cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed that a few large cells were stained positively for hCG, and that other cells were positive for human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein, cytokeratin 7 and inhibin-alpha. In the ultrastructure, the tumor cells contained large nuclei and rich organella with desmosomes and well-formed filaments. The diagnosis of ETT was confirmed from the findings as described above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Urabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Houreih MA, Eyden BP, Reeve N, Sankar Banerjee S. Aberrant Leukocyte Common Antigen Expression in Metastatic Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Rare Finding and a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2007; 15:236-8. [PMID: 17525641 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318031c265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
A case of acinic cell carcinoma, metastatic to lung is presented. Fine needle aspiration showed a low-grade adenocarcinoma. Electron microscopy of the aspirated material, however, allowed definite preoperative diagnosis of metastatic acinic cell carcinoma. The lesion was successfully resected and diagnosis confirmed on histology. Ten years previously an acinic cell carcinoma of similar histology had been excised from the left parotid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M McCutcheon
- Department of Pathology, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor showing areas of lipid-containing cells admixed with a spindle-cell component. Like other hemangiopericytomas, it shows a similar vascular pattern to solitary fibrous tumor and, partly for this reason, it and other hemangiopericytomas have been subsumed into solitary fibrous tumor. The present study provides a comprehensive documentation of a single case of pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma of the lung, the first to be described at this site, and compares it with solitary fibrous tumor, in terms of clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic findings. Apart from the lipid-laden-cell component, pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumor were similar histologically. Bcl-2 was positive in both. CD34 was minimally expressed in pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma, which possessed some non-descriptive intercellular junctions, a feature shared by solitary fibrous tumor, which was CD34 positive. However, one of the latter was rich in gap junctions, a feature consistent with strong connexin (Cx) 43 staining and the existence, hitherto unappreciated, of a CD34/Cx43-positive tumor cell network. In pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma, chromosomal deletions of 43-44, X, -Y were found. In solitary fibrous tumor, 46, XY, del(13)(q?) abnormalities and abnormalities involving chromosome 10 were frequently observed. These similarities and differences are discussed in the context of the currently favored diagnostic fusion of hemangiopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation is reported in some cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of NE markers in NSCLC using novel sensitive methods. 20 cases of NSCLC were examined using immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) methods. In addition, circulating levels of the NE markers chromogranin A (CgA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured. Using conventional IHC methods, two tumours (10%) showed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin (SYN), one (5%) for Cg and four (20%) for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Adding the tyramide signal amplification (TSA) technique, the number of immunoreactive tumours for both SYN and CgA increased to five (25%). No increased immunoreactivity was achieved for NCAM. Nine tumours (45%) were immunoreactive for SYN, CgA or NCAM. Using IEM, one of five representative samples that revealed IHC reactivity for CgA showed immunogold labelling of CgA in cytoplasmic vesicles. Elevated levels of circulating CgA or NSE did not correlate with positive IHC findings. In conclusion, using sensitive IHC methods NE differentiation was seen in a greater proportion of NSCLC than previously reported. Sensitive methods may improve our understanding of the tumour biology and represent an important diagnostic tool for future therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinung Sørhaug
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Chen GY, Yang ZY, Hong X, Wang M, Lu L, Zhang CH. [Establishment of a multi drug-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and biological characteristics there of]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007; 87:924-6. [PMID: 17650408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a multidrug-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and to investigate its biologic characteristics. METHODS NBV of the terminal concentration of 0.02 mg/L was co-cultured with the human lung adenocarcinoma cells of the line Anip973. When the cells got a stable growth and generation the concentration of NVB was increased gradually till the 65 th generation. Thus a drug-resistant line Anip973/NVB that could grow under the NVB of the concentration of 2.0 mg/L was established. Anip973 and Anip973/NVB cells were co-cultured with 10 anti-cancer drugs: NVB, cisplatin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, etoposide, irinotecan, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, and pharmorubicin of different concentrations respectively. Forty-eight hours later MTT method was used to detect the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of different drugs. The doubling times of the Anip973 and Anip973/NVB cells were calculated. Inverted microscopy and electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of the cells. Flow cytometry was conducted to observe the cell cycle. The cells were cultured in the medium with NVB of the concentration of 2.0 mg/L. High efficiency fluid chromatography was used to observe the drug concentration in the cells. RESULTS Anip973/NVB cells showed resistance at different degrees to 8 drugs (all P<0.05), except to gemcitabine and irinotecan. The doubling time of the Anip973 cells was 23.45 h, not significantly different from that of the Anip973/NVB cells The percentage of the cells in the phase G0 approximately G1 was 62.90% in the Anip973 cells, significantly higher than in the Anip973 cells (53.73%, P=0.014), and the proportion of the cells in the phase S 28.32% in the Anip973/NVB cells, significantly lower than that in the Anip793 cells (38.25%, P=0.035) NVB could be detected in the Anip973 cells with a concentration of 0.22 mg/L+/-0.05 mg/L, however, could not be detected in the Anip973/NVB cells. MTT assay showed that the IC50 of Anip973/NVB cells was 21.81 times higher than Anip973 cells. Microscopy showed that the structure, especially the ultramicrostructure, of the Anip973/NVB cells was more irregular than that of the Anip973 cells, and there were significant difference in ultramicrostructure. CONCLUSION A reliable multi-drug resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Anip973/NVB has been successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-yan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Zhang YM, He LC. [Study on thaspine in inducing apoptosis of A549 cell]. Zhong Yao Cai 2007; 30:429-32. [PMID: 17674796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of thaspine on the cellular proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle in A549 cell line. METHODS A549 cell was cultured with different concentrations of thaspine. Cellular proliferation was detected with MTT, apoptosis and cell cycle were checked with Flow Cytometer, and change of microstructure was observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Thaspine could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of A549 cell in a time-dose dependent manner. Cell cycle was significantly stopped at the S phase by thaspine with FCM technology. Under electronic microscope, the morphology of A549 cell showed nuclear karyopycnosis, chromatin agglutination and typical apoptotic body when the cell was treated with thaspine. CONCLUSION Thaspine has the effects of anti-tumor and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-min Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710061, China
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