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Vatavuk-Serrati G, Frank SM, Ng SW, Taillie LS. Trends in Sugar From Packaged Foods and Beverages Purchased by US Households Between 2002 and 2020. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:481-494.e1. [PMID: 37890585 PMCID: PMC10954417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess sugar consumption is a public health concern in the United States. How sugar purchases have changed over time, whether there are disparities across subpopulations, and the contribution of various food groups are unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess trends in sugar from packaged foods and beverages purchased by US households between 2002 and 2020. DESIGN This is an open cohort study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING We obtained data from the NielsenIQ U.S. Homescan Consumer Panel, which collects data on household purchases of all consumer packaged goods in 52 metropolitan and 24 non-metropolitan markets across the United States. We assessed data on food and beverage purchases for 1,163,447 household-years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes are the total sugar in grams purchased per capita per day and percentage of calories from sugar, by sociodemographic group. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED We used linear regression to estimate trends in total grams of sugar per capita per day, percentage of calories from sugar, and percentage of total sugar purchases by food or beverage group. We estimated means for select years and tested for significance compared with 2002 and with the previous timepoint and calculated the overall P-value for the linear trend using time series regression. RESULTS Total sugar purchases decreased over the study period, both in absolute terms (-37.2 g/capita/day; 95% confidence interval [CI], -38.7, -35.6) and as a percentage of total calories purchased (-5.3 percentage points; 95% CI, -5.5, -5.2). Sugar purchases declined for all sociodemographic groups, but disparities have persisted or widened, particularly among individuals who are non-Hispanic Black, low-income, and with lower educational attainment. Beverages' contributions to sugar purchases decreased 8.1 percentage points (95% CI, -8.4, -7.8). CONCLUSION In the United States, purchases of sugar declined, but disparities by socioeconomic status and race or ethnicity persisted or widened. Policies to further reduce sugar consumption and the burden of diet-related disparities are needed.
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Ahern MM, Stinson EJ, Votruba SB, Krakoff J, Tasevska N. Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sugars Biomarker in a Vending Machine Intake Paradigm in a Diverse Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:610. [PMID: 38474737 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately measuring dietary sugars intake in large-scale epidemiological studies is necessary to understand dietary sugars' true impact on health. Researchers have developed a biomarker that can be used to assess total sugars intake. Our objective is to test this biomarker in diverse populations using an ad libitum intake protocol. Healthy adult participants (n = 63; 58% Indigenous Americans/Alaska Natives; 60% male; BMI (mean ± SD) = 30.6 ± 7.6 kg.m2) were admitted for a 10-day inpatient stay. On day 2, body composition was measured by DXA, and over the last 3 days, ad libitum dietary intake was measured using a validated vending machine paradigm. Over the same days, participants collected daily 24 h urine used to measure sucrose and fructose. The 24 h urinary sucrose and fructose biomarker (24hruSF) (mg/d) represents the sum of 24 h urinary sucrose and fructose excretion levels. The association between the 3-day mean total sugars intake and log 24uSF level was assessed using the Pearson correlation. A linear mixed model regressing log-biomarker on total sugars intake was used to investigate further the association between biomarker, diet, and other covariates. Mean (S.D.) total sugars intake for the group was 197.7 g/d (78.9). Log 24uSF biomarker was moderately correlated with total sugars intake (r = 0.33, p = 0.01). In stratified analyses, the correlation was strongest in females (r = 0.45, p = 0.028), the 18-30 age group (r = 0.44, p = 0.079), Indigenous Americans (r = 0.51, p = 0.0023), and the normal BMI category (r = 0.66, p = 0.027). The model adjusted for sex, age, body fat percent, and race/ethnicity demonstrated a statistically significant association between 24uSF and total sugars intake (β = 0.0027, p < 0.0001) and explained 31% of 24uSF variance (marginal R2 = 0.31). Our results demonstrated a significant relationship between total sugars intake and the 24uSF biomarker in this diverse population. However, the results were not as strong as those of controlled feeding studies that investigated this biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Ahern
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Emma J Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Natasha Tasevska
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Boos CJ, Haling U, Schofield S, Cullinan P, Bull AMJ, Fear NT, Bennett AN. Relationship between combat-related traumatic injury and its severity to predicted cardiovascular disease risk: ADVANCE cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:581. [PMID: 38012542 PMCID: PMC10680223 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) and its severity and predicted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was an analysis of comparative 10-year predicted CVD risk (myocardial infarction, stroke or CVD-death) using the QRISK®3 scoring-system among adults recruited into the Armed Services Trauma Rehabilitation Outcome (ADVANCE) cohort study. Participants with CRTI were compared to uninjured servicemen frequency-matched by age, sex, rank, deployment (Afghanistan 2003-2014) and role. Injury severity was quantified using the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). RESULTS One thousand one hundred forty four adult combat veterans were recruited, consisting of 579 injured (161 amputees) and 565 uninjured men of similar age ethnicity and time from deployment/injury. Significant mental illness (8.5% vs 4.4%; p = 0.006) and erectile dysfunction (11.6% vs 5.8%; p < 0.001) was more common, body mass index (28.1 ± 3.9 vs 27.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2; p = 0.001) higher and systolic blood pressure variability (median [IQR]) (1.7 [1.2-3.0] vs 2.1 [1.2-3.5] mmHg; p = 0.008) lower among the injured versus uninjured respectively. The relative risk (RR) of predicted CVD (versus the population expected risk) was higher (RR:1.67 [IQR 1.16-2.48]) among the injured amputees versus the injured non-amputees (RR:1.60 [1.13-2.43]) and uninjured groups (RR:1.52 [1.12-2.34]; overall p = 0.015). After adjustment for confounders CRTI, worsening injury severity (higher NISS, blast and traumatic amputation) were independently associated with QRISK®3 scores. CONCLUSION CRTI and its worsening severity were independently associated with increased predicted 10-year CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Boos
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall Estate, Near Loughborough, LE12 5QW, Nottinghamshire, UK.
- The Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Dorset, Poole Hospital, Longfleet Rd, Poole, BH15 2JB, Dorset, UK.
| | - Usamah Haling
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Susie Schofield
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Paul Cullinan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- The Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Alexander N Bennett
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall Estate, Near Loughborough, LE12 5QW, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LR, UK
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Woodward-Lopez G, Esaryk E, Rauzon S, Hewawitharana SC, Thompson HR, Cordon I, Whetstone L. Associations between Changes in Food Acquisition Behaviors, Dietary Intake, and Bodyweight during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Low-Income Parents in California. Nutrients 2023; 15:4618. [PMID: 37960270 PMCID: PMC10648135 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 disrupted food access, potentially increasing nutritional risk and health inequities. This study aimed to describe and assess associations between changes in food/meal acquisition behaviors and relative changes in dietary intake and bodyweight from before to during the pandemic. Low-income parents (n = 1090) reported these changes by online survey in April-August 2021. Associations were assessed by multinomial logistic regression. Compared to those with no change, those who decreased supermarket shopping had greater odds of decreased fruit and vegetable (FV; OR[95%CI] = 2.4[1.4-4.1]) and increased salty snack intakes (OR[95%CI] = 1.7[1.0-2.8]). Those who decreased farmer's market shopping had greater odds of decreased FV intake (OR[95%CI] = 1.8[1.0-3.1]), increased bodyweight (OR[95%CI] = 1.7[1.1-2.6]), and increased SSB (OR[95%CI] = 1.9[1.1-3.2]) and sweets intakes (OR[95%CI] = 1.8[1.1-2.9]). Those who increased online food ordering had greater odds of increased sweets (OR[95%CI] = 1.7[1.1-2.8]), salty snacks (OR[95%CI] = 1.9[1.2-3.2]), and fast food (OR[95%CI] = 2.0[1.2-3.5]) intakes and bodyweight (OR[95%CI] = 1.8[1.1-2.9]). Those who increased healthy meal preparation had greater odds of increased FV intake (OR[95%CI] = 4.0[2.5-6.5]), decreased SSB (OR[95%CI] = 3.7[2.3-6.0]), sweets (OR[95%CI] = 2.7[1.6-4.4]), salty snacks (OR[95%CI] = 3.0[1.8-5]) and fast food intakes (OR[95%CI] = 2.8[1.7-4.6]) and bodyweight (OR[95%CI] = 2.2[1.2-4.0]). Interventions to address the potentially negative impacts of online food/meal shopping and support healthy home cooking may be needed to improve nutrition-related outcomes and reduce health disparities in the aftermath of the current pandemic and during future emergencies requiring similar restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Woodward-Lopez
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, Eleventh Floor, Oakland, CA 94607, USA; (E.E.); (S.R.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Erin Esaryk
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, Eleventh Floor, Oakland, CA 94607, USA; (E.E.); (S.R.); (S.C.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158-2549, USA
| | - Suzanne Rauzon
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, Eleventh Floor, Oakland, CA 94607, USA; (E.E.); (S.R.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Sridharshi C. Hewawitharana
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, Eleventh Floor, Oakland, CA 94607, USA; (E.E.); (S.R.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Hannah R. Thompson
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Suite 6120, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Ingrid Cordon
- Research, Evaluation, and Strategic Alignment Section of the Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Branch (NEOPB), Center for Healthy Communities, California Department of Public Health, 1616 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA; (I.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Lauren Whetstone
- Research, Evaluation, and Strategic Alignment Section of the Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Branch (NEOPB), Center for Healthy Communities, California Department of Public Health, 1616 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA; (I.C.); (L.W.)
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Michels AJ, Butler JA, Uesugi SL, Lee K, Frei BB, Bobe G, Magnusson KR, Hagen TM. Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplementation Prevents or Reverses Decline in Vitamin Biomarkers and Cellular Energy Metabolism in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2691. [PMID: 37375594 PMCID: PMC10301451 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the reported prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in older adults, it is not yet established whether multivitamin/multimineral (MV/MM) supplements improve blood micronutrient status in individuals over the age of 65. Therefore, a cohort of 35 healthy men (>67 years) was recruited for an MV/MM supplementation trial. The primary endpoint was, as an indicator of micronutrient status, changes in blood micronutrient biomarkers from baseline to at least six months of supplementation with MV/MM or placebo. The secondary endpoint was basal O2 consumption in monocytes as an indicator of cellular metabolism. MV/MM supplementation improved blood concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate, calcifediol, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene concentrations throughout the cohort. By contrast, those in the placebo group generally showed declines in blood vitamin concentrations and an increased prevalence of suboptimal vitamin status during the study period. On the other hand, MV/MM supplementation did not significantly affect blood mineral concentrations, i.e., calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc. Interestingly, MV/MM supplementation prevented the decline in monocyte O2 consumption rate. Overall, MV/MM use improves or prevents declines in vitamin, but not mineral, status and limits declines in cellular O2 consumption, which may have important implications for metabolism and immune health in healthy older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
| | - Judy A. Butler
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
| | - Sandra L. Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
| | - Ken Lee
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
| | - Balz B. Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kathy R. Magnusson
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tory M. Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.J.M.); (J.A.B.); (S.L.U.); (K.L.); (B.B.F.); (G.B.); (K.R.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Di Rosa C, Lattanzi G, Spiezia C, Imperia E, Piccirilli S, Beato I, Gaspa G, Micheli V, De Joannon F, Vallecorsa N, Ciccozzi M, Defeudis G, Manfrini S, Khazrai YM. Mediterranean Diet versus Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: Effects of Reaching 5% Body Weight Loss on Body Composition in Subjects with Overweight and with Obesity-A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13040. [PMID: 36293616 PMCID: PMC9603454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The best nutritional strategy to fight the rise in obesity remains a debated issue. The Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic diet (VLCKD) are effective at helping people lose body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study aimed to evaluate the time these two diets took to reach a loss of 5% of the initial BW and how body composition was affected. We randomized 268 subjects with obesity or overweight in two arms, MD and VLCKD, for a maximum of 3 months or until they reached 5% BW loss. This result was achieved after one month of VLCKD and 3 months of MD. Both diets were effective in terms of BW (p < 0.0001) and FM loss (p < 0.0001), but the MD reached a higher reduction in both waist circumference (p = 0.0010) and FM (p = 0.0006) and a greater increase in total body water (p = 0.0017) and FFM (p = 0.0373) than VLCKD. The population was also stratified according to gender, age, and BMI. These two nutritional protocols are both effective in improving anthropometrical parameters and body composition, but they take different time spans to reach the goal. Therefore, professionals should evaluate which is the most suitable according to each patient's health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Lattanzi
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Imperia
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Piccirilli
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Beato
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Gaspa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Micheli
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica De Joannon
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Vallecorsa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
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