1
|
Shibata K, Hirose J, Fukuwatari T. Method for Evaluation of the Requirements of B-group Vitamins Using Tryptophan Metabolites in Human Urine. Int J Tryptophan Res 2015; 8:31-9. [PMID: 25987848 PMCID: PMC4404996 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism is directly involved with B-group vitamins such as vitamin B2, niacin, and vitamin B6, and indirectly with vitamin B1 and pantothenic acid. We evaluated the validity of requirements of B-group vitamins set by the Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese (DRI-J). We investigated the fate of dietary tryptophan in 10 Japanese adult men who ate the same diet based on DRI-J during a 4-week study. Vitamin mixtures were administered based on the amounts in the basal diet during weeks 2, 3, and 4. Daily urine samples were collected eight times (days 1 and 5 in each week). Administration of vitamin mixtures had no effect on tryptophan metabolites such as anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and quinolinic acid within individuals. Surplus administration of B-group vitamins against DRI-J requirements did not elicit beneficial effects on tryptophan metabolism. Our findings supported the requirements of B-group vitamins set by the DRI-J.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine, using the high-performance liquid chromatographic methods recently modified by us, the fate of dietary tryptophan in 17 healthy female Japanese adults who ate self-selected food. The experimental period was 22 days. The habitual intake of tryptophan was 3328.4 μmol/day. 24-hour urine samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment and then once per week. Blood was collected at the beginning and end of the experiment. Levels of tryptophan and its metabolites were measured in blood and urine. Tryptophan, nicotinamide and 2-oxoadipic acid were the major compounds of the blood. The urinary excretion amounts of tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, kynurenine, anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid were about 40, 20, 4, 1, 10, 4, 3, 5 and 20 μmol/day, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Hiratsuka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fukuwatari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shibata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao JK, Dougherty GG, Reddy RD, Keshavan MS, Montrose DM, Matson WR, Rozen S, Krishnan RR, McEvoy J, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Altered interactions of tryptophan metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:938-53. [PMID: 19401681 PMCID: PMC2953575 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by complex and dynamically interacting perturbations in multiple neurochemical systems. In the past, evidence for these alterations has been collected piecemeal, limiting our understanding of the interactions among relevant biological systems. Earlier, both hyper- and hyposerotonemia were variously associated with the longitudinal course of schizophrenia, suggesting a disturbance in the central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) function. Using a targeted electrochemistry-based metabolomics platform, we compared metabolic signatures consisting of 13 plasma tryptophan (Trp) metabolites simultaneously between first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia (FENNS, n=25) and healthy controls (HC, n=30). We also compared these metabolites between FENNS at baseline (BL) and 4 weeks (4w) after antipsychotic treatment. N-acetylserotonin was increased in FENNS-BL compared with HC (P=0.0077, which remained nearly significant after Bonferroni correction). N-acetylserotonin/Trp and melatonin (Mel)/serotonin ratios were higher, and Mel/N-acetylserotonin ratio was lower in FENNS-BL (all P-values<0.0029), but not after treatment, compared with HC volunteers. All three groups had highly significant correlations between Trp and its metabolites, Mel, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine and tryptamine. However, in the HC, but in neither of the FENNS groups, serotonin was highly correlated with Trp, Mel, kynurenine or tryptamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) was highly correlated with Trp, Mel, kynurenine or 3-hydroxykynurenine. A significant difference between HC and FENNS-BL was further shown only for the Trp-5HIAA correlation. Thus, some metabolite interactions within the Trp pathway seem to be altered in the FENNS-BL patients. Conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin by serotonin N-acetyltransferase may be upregulated in FENNS patients, possibly related to the observed alteration in Trp-5HIAA correlation. Considering N-acetylserotonin as a potent antioxidant, such increases in N-acetylserotonin might be a compensatory response to increased oxidative stress, implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JK Yao
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - GG Dougherty
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - RD Reddy
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - MS Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - DM Montrose
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - WR Matson
- Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - S Rozen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - RR Krishnan
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J McEvoy
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bourgoin S, Hamon M, Bruxelle J, Oliveras JL, Besson JM, Pratt J, Jenner P, Reynolds EH, Marsden CD, Leger L, McRae-Degueurce A, Pujol JF, Wiklund L, Joseph MH, Kadam BV, Whitaker PM, Marsden CA, Tricklebank MD, Hutson PH, Curzon G, Herbet A, Nelson DL, Glowinski J, Hamon M, Petitjean F, Buda C, Janin M, Touret M, Salvert D, Jouvet M, Bobillier P, Maj J, Przegaliński E, Ashkenazi R, Youdim MBH, Nicolaou NM, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW, Eccleston D, Araneda S, Gamrani A, Font C, Calas A, Bobillier P, Pujol JF, Hutson PH, Knott PJ, Curzon G, Petitjean F, Chiang CY, Buda C, Janin M, Jouvet M, Soubrié P, Héry F, Bourgoin S, Montastruc JL, Artaud F, Glowinski J, Nicolaou NM, Eccleston D, Fillion G, Rousselle JC, Fillion MP, Jacob J, Curzon G, Kantamaneni BD, van Boxel P, Gillman PK, Holder GE, Bartlett JR, Bridges PK, Hunt P, Euvrard C, Brown N, Nedelec L, Joseph MH, Gamble SJ, Harris MJ, Johnstone EC, Risby D. Abstracts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3860-4_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Jospeh MH, Baker HF, Crow TJ, Riley GJ, Risby D. Brain tryptophan metabolism in schizophrenia: a post mortem study of metabolites of the serotonin and kynurenine pathways in schizophrenic and control subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979; 62:279-85. [PMID: 111294 DOI: 10.1007/bf00431959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5HT), its chief metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA), its precursor tryptophan, and kynurenine, another metabolite of tryptophan, have been measured in post mortem human brain samples. Concentrations of these metabolites were not found to be significantly different in putamen, hippocampus or temporal cortex from 23 normal subjects compared with 15 subjects in whom a diagnosis of schizophrenia could be restrospectively confirmed. The results have been analysed with respect to cause of death, medication and post mortem changes. Post mortem increases in tryptophan and kynurenine were observed. Some interrelationships between the variables measured within and between the different areas studied are discussed. It is concluded that there is no evidence for a generalised deficit of 5HT in the brain in schizophrenia, nor for gross changes in turnover along the serotonin or kynurenine pathways of tryptophan metabolism in brain.
Collapse
|