Comparison of the adaptive changes in disaccharidase, glycolytic enzyme and fructosediphosphatase activities after intravenous and oral glucose in normal men

The human intestinal response to enteral nutrients: a review

This review identifies the factors which influence mucosal integrity during enteral nutrition. These include biliary and pancreatic secretions, trophic influences of endocrine and gastrointestinal polypeptides, intestinal blood flow, and innervation. Fiber, bacterial fermentation products, purines, and glutamines are potential essential nutrients which may not be provided by parenteral nutrition. However, contrary to experience in animal models, the specific advantages of intraluminal delivery of nutrients for the maintenance of mucosal integrity and structure remain unproven in the human. Current evidence in the human suggests that changes in small bowel structure and function when enteral nutrients are excluded are minor and rapidly reversible as long as general nutritional status is maintained.

Enteral versus parenteral therapy for intractable diarrhea of infancy: a prospective, randomized trial

Thirteen infants with intractable diarrhea were classified as having severe or moderate malabsorption on the basis of D-xylose absorption. Within each group (designated severe and moderate), patients were randomly assigned to continuous enteral nutrition (CEN) with an elemental formula or to an alternative therapy: total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the severe patients or intermittent oral nutrition (ION) with the elemental formula for the moderate patients. Within the severe group, CEN and TPN produced similar correction of malnutrition (6.0 +/- 2.5 weeks vs 6.5 +/- 2.5 weeks for weight to reach the 5th percentile for age, P = 0.69), but CEN was associated with faster resolution of malabsorption and diarrhea (2.8 +/- 0.5 weeks vs 9.8 +/- 1.1 weeks, P = 0.02), fewer complications, and less expensive hospitalization than TPN. The moderate group was too small for clear distinctions between the two therapies. D-xylose absorption effectively distinguished between severe malabsorption (requiring 20.6 +/- 2.6 days of enteral therapy before tolerance of oral feeding) and moderate malabsorption (requiring 11.6 +/- 1.7 days), P less than 0.03. Enteral therapy is more widely applicable in severe intractable diarrhea of infancy than has been appreciated, and can produce superior results to TPN.

Turku sugar studies XIII. Effect of the diet on certain clinico-chemical values of serum

Pooled and individual serum samples of subjects on long-term sucrose, xylitol and fructose diets were analyzed for Ca, Mg, K, Na inorganic phosphate, bilirubin, ascorbate, alkaline and acid phosphatase, amylase, transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, and amino acids. Most serum samples were obtained from the last phases of the two-year dietary regimen. Significant differences between the three experimental groups were not found with regard to any of the compounds or enzymes studied. Almost significant differences were observed for amylase which was lower in the xylitol and the fructose groups than in the sucrose group, all these values being within the normal range. The results indicate that xylitol and fructose do not induce significant changes in liver function tests, nor in serum level of electrolytes, ascorbate or serum enzymes when their oral administration takes place in the same scale as that of sucrose.