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Mehra R, Singh R, Nayan V, Buttar HS, Kumar N, Kumar S, Bhardwaj A, Kaushik R, Kumar H. Nutritional attributes of bovine colostrum components in human health and disease: A comprehensive review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mendelian randomization while jointly modeling cis genetics identifies causal relationships between gene expression and lipids. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4930. [PMID: 33004804 PMCID: PMC7530717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inference of causality between gene expression and complex traits using Mendelian randomization (MR) is confounded by pleiotropy and linkage disequilibrium (LD) of gene-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Here, we propose an MR method, MR-link, that accounts for unobserved pleiotropy and LD by leveraging information from individual-level data, even when only one eQTL variant is present. In simulations, MR-link shows false-positive rates close to expectation (median 0.05) and high power (up to 0.89), outperforming all other tested MR methods and coloc. Application of MR-link to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) measurements in 12,449 individuals with expression and protein QTL summary statistics from blood and liver identifies 25 genes causally linked to LDL-C. These include the known SORT1 and ApoE genes as well as PVRL2, located in the APOE locus, for which a causal role in liver was not known. Our results showcase the strength of MR-link for transcriptome-wide causal inferences. Mendelian randomization is a useful tool to infer causal relationships between traits, but can be confounded by the presence of pleiotropy. Here, the authors have developed MR-link, a Mendelian randomization method which accounts for unobserved pleiotropy and linkage disequilibrium between instrumental variables.
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Liaquat H, Ashat M, Stocker A, McElmurray L, Beatty K, Abell TL, Dryden G. Clinical Efficacy of Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin in Patients With Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:531-536. [PMID: 30342719 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can have autoimmunity and/or intestinal barrier dysfunction as part of pathophysiology and may be refractory to all available treatment options. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) binds microbial components with postulated downstream effects of normalized gut immune and barrier function, which may be useful for managing IBD. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SBI in the management of refractory IBD, particularly symptoms of chronic diarrhea and loose stools. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed charts for patients diagnosed with IBD (n = 40) who were refractory to standard treatment. Patients received oral SBI 5 g daily for a period of at least 6 weeks. Twelve patients with IBD fulfilled study inclusion criteria. Each patient graded the severity and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms before starting SBI and at 6 weeks of treatment using a standardized patient assessment form. Means and standard deviations for all symptom scores at baseline and week 6 of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS Mean symptom scores decreased significantly for nausea (P = 0.02 for severity and P = 0.03 for mean symptom score) and diarrhea (P = 0.0006, P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001 for severity, frequency and mean symptom score, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Therapy with SBI alleviated some refractory gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBD, including nausea and diarrhea. Increased duration, dosage and/or frequency of SBI might provide additional symptom improvement and could be tested through controlled clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Liaquat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Munish Ashat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Abigail Stocker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Karen Beatty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Thomas L Abell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
| | - Gerald Dryden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Elkak A, Hamade A, Bereli N, Armutcu C, Denizli A. Synthesis of hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-(L)-histidine methyl ester cryogels. Application on the separation of bovine immunoglobulin G. Anal Biochem 2017; 525:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brimelow RE, West NP, Williams LT, Cripps AW, Cox AJ. A role for whey-derived lactoferrin and immunoglobulins in the attenuation of obesity-related inflammation and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1593-1602. [PMID: 26068582 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.995264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a strong predictive factor in the development of chronic disease and has now superseded undernutrition as a major public health issue. Chronic inflammation is one mechanism thought to link excess body weight with disease. Increasingly, the gut and its extensive population of commensal microflora are recognized as playing an important role in the development of obesity-related chronic inflammation. Obesity and a high fat diet are associated with altered commensal microbial communities and increased intestinal permeability which contributes to systemic inflammation as a result of the translocation of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation and metabolic endotoxemia. Various milk proteins are showing promise in the prevention and treatment of obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation via reductions in visceral fat, neutralization of bacteria at the mucosa and reduced intestinal permeability. In this review, we focus on evidence supporting the potential antiobesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of bovine whey-derived lactoferrin and immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Brimelow
- a School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport , Queensland , Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- a School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport , Queensland , Australia.,b Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Southport , Queensland , Australia
| | - Lauren T Williams
- b Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Southport , Queensland , Australia.,c School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University , Southport , Queensland Australia
| | - Allan W Cripps
- b Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Southport , Queensland , Australia.,d School of Medicine, Griffith University , Southport , Queensland , Australia
| | - Amanda J Cox
- a School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport , Queensland , Australia.,b Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Southport , Queensland , Australia
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Abstract
Current opinion strongly links nutrition and health. Among nutrients, proteins, and peptides which are encrypted in their sequences and released during digestion could play a key role in improving health. These peptides have been claimed to be active on a wide spectrum of biological functions or diseases, including blood pressure and metabolic risk factors (coagulation, obesity, lipoprotein metabolism, and peroxidation), gut and neurological functions, immunity, cancer, dental health, and mineral metabolism. A majority of studies involved dairy peptides, but the properties of vegetal, animal, and sea products were also assessed. However, these allegations are mainly based on in vitro and experimental studies which are seldom confirmed in humans. This review focused on molecules which were tested in humans, and on the mechanisms explaining discrepancies between experimental and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saïd Bouhallab
- b STLO, UMR1253, INRA, Agrocamus Ouest , Rennes , France
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Cox AJ, Watts AM, Zhang P, Williams LT, Cripps AW, West NP. Effects of short-term supplementation with bovine lactoferrin and/or immunoglobulins on body mass and metabolic measures: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:219-226. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1224230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Cox
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ping Zhang
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Lauren T. Williams
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Allan W. Cripps
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
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Shafran I, Burgunder P, Wei D, Young HE, Klein G, Burnett BP. Management of inflammatory bowel disease with oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2015; 8:331-9. [PMID: 26557889 PMCID: PMC4622288 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x15593693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical effect of oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) on symptom and disease management in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is reported in this retrospective case series. METHODS A single-center, retrospective chart review of IBD patients [N = 45; Crohn's disease (CD), n = 38 and ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 7] with limited to no response to traditional pharmaceutical therapies in controlling symptoms was performed after providing SBI (5 g/day) for nutritional support. Patients were contacted at least monthly to assess response to SBI for symptom management measured by a Likert scale (0 = none; 1 = minimal; 2 = moderate; 3 = significant; 4 = complete). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on response to therapy based on patient characteristics (age, gender, race) and IBD diagnosis. A multivariate ordered logistical regression model was performed to determine the odds ratio in overall disease management between week 1 and week 12. Finally, the overall group response and percent improvement to SBI was determined over 12 weeks. RESULTS The odds ratio from the regression model demonstrated that IBD patients were 2.8 times more likely to report clinical improvement in symptom scores with the addition of SBI to their therapeutic regimens [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.266-6.016, p = 0.011]. Disease management was not significantly associated with age, gender, race or disease state. The percentage of patients reporting a response to SBI therapy at week 1 was 49% which increased to 76% after 12 weeks with the fraction of responders gaining significant symptom improvement doubling during the same time period (9% versus 20%). Overall, this group of IBD patients showed increased, steady response to SBI therapy between week 1 and 12 with no reported side effects. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SBI improves clinical management of IBD patients who are not fully managed on traditional therapies. SBI should be considered for the nutritional support of IBD regardless of disease activity, location, phenotype, duration, or complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Shafran
- University of Central Florida Medical School, Orlando, FL, USA,Shafran Gastroenterology Center, Winter Park, FL, USA
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Yu H, Zheng Y, Li Y. Shelf life and storage stability of spray-dried bovine colostrum powders under different storage conditions. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:944-51. [PMID: 25694704 PMCID: PMC4325043 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spray dried bovine colostrum (SDBC) powders were packaged in aluminium-laminated polyethylene (ALPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pouches and then stored under different conditions (25 °C and 50 % relative humidity (RH), 4 °C and 40-70 % RH, 50 °C and 20-50 % RH). The shelf life of SDBC powder was evaluated as 425.5 and 86.5 days in ALPE and PET pouches under 25 °C and 50 % RH, respectively. The storage stability of SDBC powder in terms of quality parameters including thiobarbituric acid (TBA), hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), colour change, moisture content and IgG concentration was studied in both packaging materials under different storage conditions. Results showed that ALPE pouches were more suitable for packaging SDBC powder than PET pouches and storage condition of 4 °C and 40-70 % RH was relative suitable for keeping quality of SDBC powder. The glass transition concept was helpful for evaluating the chemical stability of SDBC powder during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaning Yu
- />Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- />State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technical Centre, Bright dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436 People’s Republic of China
- />Institute of Refrigeration & Cryogenic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technical Centre, Bright dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Li
- />Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- />Bor S. Luh Food safety Research Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
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Daoud-Attieh M, Chaib H, Armutcu C, Uzun L, Elkak A, Denizli A. Immunoglobulin G purification from bovine serum with pseudo-specific supermacroporous cryogels. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Asmuth DM, Ma ZM, Albanese A, Sandler NG, Devaraj S, Knight TH, Flynn NM, Yotter T, Garcia JC, Tsuchida E, Wu TT, Douek DC, Miller CJ. Oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin improves duodenal immune reconstitution and absorption function in patients with HIV enteropathy. AIDS 2013; 27:2207-17. [PMID: 23660579 PMCID: PMC3754419 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328362e54c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin, an oral medical food known to neutralize bacterial antigen and reduce intestinal inflammation, on restoration of mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal function in individuals with HIV enteropathy. DESIGN Open-label trial with intensive 8-week phase of bovine serum immunoglobulin (SBI) 2.5 g twice daily with a 4-week washout period and an optional 9-month extension study. METHODS HIV enteropathy was defined as chronic gastrointestinal symptoms including frequent loose or watery stools despite no identifiable, reversible cause. Upper endoscopy for tissue immunofluorescent antibody assay and disaccharide gut permeability/absorption studies were performed before and after 8 weeks of SBI to test mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal function. Blood was collected for markers of microbial translocation, inflammation, and collagen kinetics. A validated gastrointestinal questionnaire assessed changes in symptoms. RESULTS All eight participants experienced profound improvement in symptoms with reduced bowel movements/day (P = 0.008) and improvements in stool consistency (P = 0.008). Gut permeability was normal before and after the intervention, but D-xylose absorption increased in seven of eight participants. Mucosal CD4 lymphocyte densities increased by a median of 139.5 cells/mm2 from 213 to 322 cells/mm2 (P = 0.016). Intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a marker of enterocyte damage, initially rose in seven of eight participants after 8 weeks (P = 0.039), and then fell below baseline in four of five who continued receiving SBI (P = 0.12). Baseline serum I-FABP levels were negatively correlated with subsequent rise in mucosal CD4 lymphocyte densities (r = -0.74, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION SBI significantly increases intestinal mucosal CD4 lymphocyte counts, improves duodenal function, and showed evidence of promoting intestinal repair in the setting of HIV enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Asmuth
- aUniversity of California Davis Medical School bVeterans Administration Northern California Healthcare System, Sacramento cUniversity of California - Davis dCenter for Comparative Medicine, Davis, California eVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland fBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas gCARES Clinic, Sacramento, California hMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Elkak A, Yehya T, Salloub I, Berry F. A one step separation of immunoglobulin g from bovine serum by pseudobioaffinity chromatography on histidine grafted to epoxy activated sepharose. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs), also called antibodies, are present in milk and colostrum of all lactating species. Igs are divided into classes having different physico-chemical structures and biological activities. The major Ig classes in bovine and human milk are IgA, IgG and IgM. Bovine colostral Igs provide the newborn calf with passive immune protection against microbial infections until the calf’s own immune system matures. Colostral Ig preparations designed for farm animals have been commercially available for many years. Potential health benefits attributed to bovine colostrum have increased manufacture and marketing of colostral Ig-based dietary supplements also for human use. Furthermore, specific anti-microbial antibodies can be produced into colostrum by immunizing cows with vaccines made of pathogenic microorganisms. These antibodies can be concentrated and used to formulate so-called immune milk preparations. Such preparations have proven effective in prevention of animal and human infections caused, e.g. by rotavirus, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Streptococcus mutans, Cryptosporidium parvum and Helicobacter pylori. Their therapeutic efficacy, however, seems limited. A few immune milk products have been commercialized and more can be expected in the future for use, e.g. as a supportive means in antibiotic treatments and for prevention of hospital infections.
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Earnest CP, Mikus CR, Lemieux I, Arsenault BJ, Church TS. Examination of encapsulated phytosterol ester supplementation on lipid indices associated with cardiovascular disease. Nutrition 2007; 23:625-33. [PMID: 17644340 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As opposed to traditional food based delivery we examined the efficacy of ingesting encapsulated phytosterol esters on indices of lipid health in hypercholesterolemic adults. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, clinical intervention examining 54 men and women (20-70 y of age) with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level > or =3.33 mmol/L. Participants were not taking cholesterol-lowering medications. Treatment consisted of ingesting 2.6 g of encapsulated phytosterol esters (n = 25) or a matching placebo (n = 29) for 12 wk. RESULTS Total cholesterol (TC) levels at baseline (mean +/- SD) were 6.29 +/- 0.7 mmol/L in the phytosterol group and 6.00 +/- 0.7 mmol/L in the placebo group. Baseline LDL-C levels were 4.27 +/- 0.7 mmol/L in the treatment group and 4.00 +/- 0.8 mmol/L in the placebo group. Analysis of variance and Tukey's least significant difference post hoc analyses revealed a significant within-group reduction in TC (-0.23 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, P < 0.05) and LDL-C (-0.22 +/- 0.5 mmol/L, P < 0.05) for the phytosterol treatment group. Mean reductions in TC and LDL-C were greater than placebo (P < 0.05). Percentages of change from baseline for TC were -3.52% (95% confidence interval -6.44 to -0.40) for phytosterol treatment and 2.64% (95% confidence interval 0.30-5.60) for placebo. Those for LDL-C were -5.00% (95% confidence interval -9.92 to -0.08) for phytosterol and 4.89 (95% confidence interval 0.24-9.5) for placebo. No other significant effects were observed. CONCLUSION Encapsulated phytosterol ester ingestion appears to positively modulate LDL-C. Given that the reduction in LDL-C was not as extensive as in food-based trials, future investigations should examine potential timing and dose issues relative to encapsulated delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad P Earnest
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Preventive Medicine Laboratory, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders, namely dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance. Insulin resistance is the core phenomenon. Co-occurrence is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Observational studies found no increased CVD risk with increasing consumption of milk and other dairy products. In several studies dairy consumption was inversely associated with the occurrence of one or several facets of the metabolic syndrome. Many dairy components may contribute to the beneficial effects. Milk and particularly whey appeared insulinotropic when given in a single meal, but not in longer-term intervention. Medium chain fatty acids improve insulin sensitivity. Whey proteins, amino acids, medium chain fatty acids and in particular calcium and other minerals may contribute to the beneficial effect of dairy products on body weight and body fat. Peptides, calcium and other minerals reduce blood pressure. Fermented products and probiotic bacteria decrease absorption of cholesterol, sphingomyelin of cholesterol and fat, calcium of cholesterol, bile acids and fat. Proteins, peptides and bacteria may also reduce plasma cholesterol. Lactose, citrate, proteins and peptides improve weight control, blood pressure and plasma lipids indirectly, by improving calcium bioavailability. Furthermore, dairy consumption improves the bioavailability of folate and other secondary plant components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pfeuffer
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Kiel, Germany.
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Mehra R, Marnila P, Korhonen H. Milk immunoglobulins for health promotion. Int Dairy J 2006; 16:1262-1271. [PMID: 32288340 PMCID: PMC7135675 DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biological function of bovine colostral immunoglobulins is to provide the newborn calf with adequate passive immune protection against microbial infections. Immunoglobulin preparations designed for farm animals are commercially available, and some colostrum-based products are marketed also for humans as dietary supplements. The concentration of specific antibodies against a certain pathogenic microorganism can be raised in colostrum and milk by immunizing cows with this pathogen or its antigen. Advances in bioseparation and chromatographic techniques have made it possible to fractionate and enrich these antibodies and formulate so-called hyperimmune colostral or milk preparations. Their efficacy in prevention and treatment of various microbial infections has been evaluated in numerous studies. Immune milk preparations have proven effective in prophylaxis against infections caused by a variety of gastrointestinal pathogens. Their therapeutic efficacy, however, seems more limited. A few commercial immune milk products are already on market and more applications can be expected in the coming years. This article reviews the recent progress made in isolation techniques of bovine immunoglobulins and the application of colostral and immune milk preparations in fighting various microbial infectious diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Mehra
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Pertti Marnila
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Hannu Korhonen
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Biotechnology and Food Research, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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