1
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Elizaldi SR, Hawes CE, Verma A, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Dinasarapu AR, Schlegel BT, Rajasundaram D, Li J, Durbin-Johnson BP, Ma ZM, Pal PB, Beckman D, Ott S, Raeman R, Lifson J, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. Chronic SIV-Induced neuroinflammation disrupts CCR7+ CD4+ T cell immunosurveillance in the rhesus macaque brain. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175332. [PMID: 38470479 PMCID: PMC11060742 DOI: 10.1172/jci175332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells survey and maintain immune homeostasis in the brain, yet their differentiation states and functional capabilities remain unclear. Our approach, combining single-cell transcriptomic analysis, ATAC-Seq, spatial transcriptomics, and flow cytometry, revealed a distinct subset of CCR7+ CD4+ T cells resembling lymph node central memory (TCM) cells. We observed chromatin accessibility at the CCR7, CD28, and BCL-6 loci, defining molecular features of TCM. Brain CCR7+ CD4+ T cells exhibited recall proliferation and interleukin-2 production ex vivo, showcasing their functional competence. We identified the skull bone marrow as a local niche for these cells alongside CNS border tissues. Sequestering TCM cells in lymph nodes using FTY720 led to reduced CCR7+ CD4+ T cell frequencies in the cerebrospinal fluid, accompanied by increased monocyte levels and soluble markers indicating immune activation. In macaques chronically infected with SIVCL757 and experiencing viral rebound due to cessation of antiretroviral therapy, a decrease in brain CCR7+ CD4+ T cells was observed, along with increased microglial activation and initiation of neurodegenerative pathways. Our findings highlight a role for CCR7+ CD4+ T cells in CNS immune surveillance, and their decline during chronic SIV highlights their responsiveness to neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chase E. Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ashok R. Dinasarapu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brent T. Schlegel
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Bioinformatics Core, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pabitra B. Pal
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle Beckman
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Reben Raeman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John H. Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Carroll TD, Wong T, Morris MK, Di Germanio C, Ma ZM, Stone M, Ball E, Fritts L, Rustagi A, Simmons G, Busch M, Miller CJ. Vaccine-Boosted CCP Decreases Virus Replication and Hastens Resolution of Infection Despite Transiently Enhancing Disease in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Hamsters. J Infect Dis 2024:jiad568. [PMID: 38213276 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Definitive data demonstrating the utility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) for treating immunocompromised patients remains elusive. To better understand the mechanism of action of CCP, we studied viral replication and disease progression in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected hamsters treated with CCP obtained from recovered COVID-19 patients that were also vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine, hereafter referred to as Vaxplas. Vaxplas transiently enhanced disease severity and lung pathology in hamsters treated near peak viral replication due to immune complex and activated complement deposition in pulmonary endothelium, and recruitment of M1 proinflammatory macrophages into the lung parenchyma. However, aside from one report, transient enhanced disease has not been reported in CCP recipient patients, and the transient enhanced disease in Vaxplas hamsters may have been due to mismatched species IgG-FcR interactions, infusion timing, or other experimental factors. Despite transient disease enhancement, Vaxplas dramatically reduced virus replication in lungs and improved infection outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Carroll
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Talia Wong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mary Kate Morris
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | | | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Linda Fritts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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3
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Elizaldi SR, Verma A, Ma ZM, Ott S, Rajasundaram D, Hawes CE, Lakshmanappa YS, Cottrell ML, Kashuba ADM, Ambrose Z, Lifson JD, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. Deep analysis of CD4 T cells in the rhesus CNS during SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011844. [PMID: 38060615 PMCID: PMC10729971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS)-known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited. To address these gaps, we studied ten SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques using an ART regimen simulating suboptimal adherence. We evaluated four macaques during the acute phase pre-ART and six during the chronic phase. Our data revealed that HIV target CCR5+ CD4 T cells inhabit both the brain parenchyma and adjacent CNS tissues, encompassing choroid plexus stroma, dura mater, and the skull bone marrow. Aligning with the known susceptibility of CCR5+ CD4 T cells to viral infection and their presence within the CNS, high levels of viral RNA were detected in the brain parenchyma and its border tissues during acute SIV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CD45+ cells from the brain revealed colocalization of viral transcripts within CD4 clusters and significant activation of antiviral molecules and specific effector programs within T cells, indicating CNS CD4 T cell engagement during infection. Acute infection led to marked imbalance in the CNS CD4/CD8 ratio which persisted into the chronic phase. These observations underscore the functional involvement of CD4 T cells within the CNS during SIV infection, enhancing our understanding of their role in establishing CNS viral presence. Our findings offer insights for potential T cell-focused interventions while underscoring the challenges in eradicating HIV from the CNS, particularly in the context of sub-optimal ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny R. Elizaldi
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chase E. Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Mackenzie L. Cottrell
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela D. M. Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zandrea Ambrose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John H. Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, California, United States of America
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4
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Elizaldi SR, Hawes CE, Verma A, Dinasarapu AR, Lakshmanappa YS, Schlegel BT, Rajasundaram D, Li J, Durbin-Johnson BP, Ma ZM, Beckman D, Ott S, Lifson J, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. CCR7+ CD4 T Cell Immunosurveillance Disrupted in Chronic SIV-Induced Neuroinflammation in Rhesus Brain. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.28.555037. [PMID: 37693567 PMCID: PMC10491118 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T cells survey and maintain immune homeostasis in the brain, yet their differentiation states and functional capabilities remain unclear. Our approach, combining single-cell transcriptomic analysis, ATAC-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and flow cytometry, revealed a distinct subset of CCR7+ CD4 T cells resembling lymph node central memory (T CM ) cells. We observed chromatin accessibility at the CCR7, CD28, and BCL-6 loci, defining molecular features of T CM . Brain CCR7+ CD4 T cells exhibited recall proliferation and interleukin-2 production ex vivo, showcasing their functional competence. We identified the skull bone marrow as a local niche for these cells alongside other CNS border tissues. Sequestering T CM cells in lymph nodes using FTY720 led to reduced CCR7+ CD4 T cell frequencies in the cerebrospinal fluid, accompanied by increased monocyte levels and soluble markers indicating immune activation. In macaques chronically infected with SIVCL57 and experiencing viral rebound due to cessation of antiretroviral therapy, a decrease in brain CCR7+ CD4 T cells was observed, along with increased microglial activation and initiation of neurodegenerative pathways. Our findings highlight a role for CCR7+ CD4 T cells in CNS immune surveillance and their decline during chronic SIV-induced neuroinflammation highlights their responsiveness to neuroinflammatory processes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT In Brief Utilizing single-cell and spatial transcriptomics on adult rhesus brain, we uncover a unique CCR7+ CD4 T cell subset resembling central memory T cells (T CM ) within brain and border tissues, including skull bone marrow. Our findings show decreased frequencies of this subset during SIV- induced chronic neuroinflammation, emphasizing responsiveness of CCR7+ CD4 T cells to CNS disruptions. Highlights CCR7+ CD4 T cells survey border and parenchymal CNS compartments during homeostasis; reduced presence of CCR7+ CD4 T cells in cerebrospinal fluid leads to immune activation, implying a role in neuroimmune homeostasis. CNS CCR7+ CD4 T cells exhibit phenotypic and functional features of central memory T cells (T CM ) including production of interleukin 2 and the capacity for rapid recall proliferation. Furthermore, CCR7+ CD4 T cells reside in the skull bone marrow. CCR7+ CD4 T cells are markedly decreased within the brain parenchyma during chronic viral neuroinflammation.
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5
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Elizaldi SR, Verma A, Ma ZM, Ott S, Rajasundaram D, Cottrell ML, Kashuba ADM, Ambrose Z, Lifson JD, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. CD4 T cell Responses in the CNS during SIV infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.24.554055. [PMID: 37662237 PMCID: PMC10473718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) - known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited. To address these gaps, we studied ten SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques using an ART regimen simulating suboptimal adherence. We evaluated four macaques during the acute phase pre-ART and six during the chronic phase. Our data revealed that HIV target CCR5+ CD4 T cells inhabit both the brain parenchyma and adjacent CNS tissues, encompassing choroid plexus stroma, dura mater, and the skull bone marrow. Aligning with the known susceptibility of CCR5+ CD4 T cells to viral infection and their presence within the CNS, high levels of viral RNA were detected in the brain parenchyma and its border tissues during acute SIV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CD45+ cells from the brain revealed colocalization of viral transcripts within CD4 clusters and significant activation of antiviral molecules and specific effector programs within T cells, indicating CNS CD4 T cell engagement during infection. Despite viral suppression with ART, acute infection led to significant depletion of CNS CD4 T cells, persisting into the chronic phase. These findings underscore the functional involvement of CD4 T cells within the CNS during SIV infection, enhancing our understanding of their role in establishing CNS viral presence. Our results offer insights for potential T cell-focused interventions while also underscoring the challenges in eradicating HIV from the CNS, even with effective ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Angela D M Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zandrea Ambrose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, CA,USA
| | - Smita S Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA,USA
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6
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Zhang J, Ma ZM, Wang H, Fu YT, Ji C, Zhu M, Shen HB, Ma HX. [Association between chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer in UK Biobank: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:1147-1152. [PMID: 37574304 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221115-01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer. Methods: Using UK Biobank (UKB) survey data, 472 397 participants who had not previously been diagnosed with cancer and whose self-reported sex was consistent with their genetic sex were studied. Information on the prevalence of previous chronic lung diseases, general demographic characteristics and the prevalence of lung cancer was collected using baseline questionnaires and national health system data. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association between four previous chronic lung diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pulmonary disease) and the risk of lung cancer. A total of 458 526 participants with genotype data in the observational study were selected as research objects, and the closely related and independent genetic loci with four chronic lung diseases were selected as instrumental variables, and the association between four chronic lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer was analyzed by Mendelian randomization (MR). The dose-response relationship between genetic risk score and the risk of lung cancer in different chronic lung diseases was evaluated using a restricted cubic spline function. Results: The age [M (Q1, Q3)] of the subjects was 57 (50, 63) years old, and there were 3 516 new cases of lung cancer (0.74%) during follow-up. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that previous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were associated with the risk of lung cancer, about 1.61 (1.49-1.75) and 2.61 (1.24-5.49), respectively. MR Studies showed that genetically predicted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were associated with the risk of lung cancer, with HR (95%CI) of 1.10 (1.03-1.19) and 1.04 (1.01-1.08), respectively. The results of restricted cubic spline function analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer increased linearly with the increase of genetic risk scores for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (P<0.05). Neither observational studies nor Mendelian randomization analysis found an association between previous asthma or interstitial lung disease and the risk of lung cancer (both P values>0.05). Conclusion: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are potential risk factors for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Z M Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Y T Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - C Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - M Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - H B Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - H X Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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7
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Wang H, Wei XX, Ma ZM, Ji MM, Huang YQ, Zhang J, Zhu M, Dai JC, Jin GF, Ma HX, Hu ZB, Shen HB. [Mediation effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the association between educational level and the risk of lung cancer incidence]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:1875-1880. [PMID: 36572457 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220628-00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the possible mediation effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the association between educational level and the risk of lung cancer incidence. Methods: After excluding individuals with missing educational levels and cancer information at baseline, 446 772 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) prospective cohort study were included. Cox regression models were used to investigate the associations of educational level and smoking and healthy diet score with the incidence of lung cancer. Mediating effect analysis was conducted to analyze the mediating effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the correlation between educational level and lung cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 7.13 years, 1 994 new- onset lung cancer cases were observed. Per 1 standard deviation (5 years) increase in educational level was associated with a 12% lower risk of lung cancer (HR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.84-0.92). The corresponding level 1-5 in the International Standard Classification for Education (ISCED) were mapped to UKB self-report highest qualification to estimate the educational level. A higher rank means a higher educational level. Compared with level ISCED-1, the HR(95%CI) of level ISCED-2, ISCED-3, ISCED-4 and ISCED-5 were respectively 0.83 (0.72-0.94), 0.67 (0.53-0.85), 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.72 (0.64-0.80) for lung cancer. Education years were negatively correlated with smoking, with β coefficients (95%CI) being -0.079 (-0.081- -0.077), but positively correlated with healthy diet score (β=0.042, 95%CI: 0.039-0.045). Analysis of mediating effect indicated that the association of educational level with lung cancer risk was mediated by smoking and healthy diet score, the proportions of mediating effect were 38.952% (95%CI: 31.802%-51.659%) and 1.784% (95%CI: 0.405%-3.713%), respectively. Conclusion: Smoking and healthy diet score might mediate the effect of educational level on the incidence of lung cancer, indicating that improving the level of education can reduce the risk of lung cancer by changing lifestyles such as smoking and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - X X Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Z M Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - M M Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Y Q Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - M Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - J C Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - G F Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - H X Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Z B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - H B Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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8
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Langel SN, Garrido C, Phan C, Travieso T, Kirshner H, DeMarco T, Ma ZM, Reader JR, Olstad KJ, Sammak RL, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Roh JW, Watanabe J, Usachenko J, Immareddy R, Pollard R, Iyer SS, Permar S, Miller LA, Van Rompay KKA, Blasi M. Dam-Infant Rhesus Macaque Pairs to Dissect Age-Dependent Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:851-863. [PMID: 36547390 PMCID: PMC10538284 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a pandemic of unprecedented scale. An intriguing feature of the infection is the minimal disease in most children, a demographic at higher risk for other respiratory viral diseases. To investigate age-dependent effects of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, we inoculated two rhesus macaque monkey dam-infant pairs with SARS-CoV-2 and conducted virological and transcriptomic analyses of the respiratory tract and evaluated systemic cytokine and Ab responses. Viral RNA levels in all sampled mucosal secretions were comparable across dam-infant pairs in the respiratory tract. Despite comparable viral loads, adult macaques showed higher IL-6 in serum at day 1 postinfection whereas CXCL10 was induced in all animals. Both groups mounted neutralizing Ab responses, with infants showing a more rapid induction at day 7. Transcriptome analysis of tracheal airway cells isolated at day 14 postinfection revealed significant upregulation of multiple IFN-stimulated genes in infants compared with adults. In contrast, a profibrotic transcriptomic signature with genes associated with cilia structure and function, extracellular matrix composition and metabolism, coagulation, angiogenesis, and hypoxia was induced in adults compared with infants. Our study in rhesus macaque monkey dam-infant pairs suggests age-dependent differential airway responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and describes a model that can be used to investigate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis between infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Langel
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carolina Garrido
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Caroline Phan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Tatianna Travieso
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Helene Kirshner
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - J Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Katherine J Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Rebecca L Sammak
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Jamin W Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jennifer Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jodie Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Ramya Immareddy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Rachel Pollard
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Smita S Iyer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sallie Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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9
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Van Rompay KKA, Olstad KJ, Sammak RL, Dutra J, Watanabe JK, Usachenko JL, Immareddy R, Roh JW, Verma A, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Schmidt BA, Di Germanio C, Rizvi N, Liu H, Ma ZM, Stone M, Simmons G, Dumont LJ, Allen AM, Lockwood S, Pollard RE, Ramiro de Assis R, Yee JL, Nham PB, Ardeshir A, Deere JD, Jain A, Felgner PL, Coffey LL, Iyer SS, Hartigan-O’Connor DJ, Busch MP, Reader JR. Early post-infection treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected macaques with human convalescent plasma with high neutralizing activity had no antiviral effects but moderately reduced lung inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1009925. [PMID: 35443018 PMCID: PMC9060337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was a high level of optimism based on observational studies and small controlled trials that treating hospitalized patients with convalescent plasma from COVID-19 survivors (CCP) would be an important immunotherapy. However, as more data from controlled trials became available, the results became disappointing, with at best moderate evidence of efficacy when CCP with high titers of neutralizing antibodies was used early in infection. To better understand the potential therapeutic efficacy of CCP, and to further validate SARS-CoV-2 infection of macaques as a reliable animal model for testing such strategies, we inoculated 12 adult rhesus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 by intratracheal and intranasal routes. One day later, 8 animals were infused with pooled human CCP with a high titer of neutralizing antibodies (RVPN NT50 value of 3,003), while 4 control animals received normal human plasma. Animals were monitored for 7 days. Animals treated with CCP had detectable but low levels of antiviral antibodies after infusion. In comparison to the control animals, CCP-treated animals had similar levels of viral RNA in upper and lower respiratory tract secretions, similar detection of viral RNA in lung tissues by in situ hybridization, but lower amounts of infectious virus in the lungs. CCP-treated animals had a moderate, but statistically significant reduction in interstitial pneumonia, as measured by comprehensive lung histology. Thus overall, therapeutic benefits of CCP were marginal and inferior to results obtained earlier with monoclonal antibodies in this animal model. By highlighting strengths and weaknesses, data of this study can help to further optimize nonhuman primate models to provide proof-of-concept of intervention strategies, and guide the future use of convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other newly emerging respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen K. A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Sammak
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Dutra
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jodie L. Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ramya Immareddy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jamin W. Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anil Verma
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Schmidt
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nabeela Rizvi
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Dumont
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - A. Mark Allen
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Lockwood
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Pollard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rafael Ramiro de Assis
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - JoAnn L. Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Nham
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jesse D. Deere
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aarti Jain
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - J. Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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10
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Carroll T, Fox D, van Doremalen N, Ball E, Morris MK, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Rustagi A, Yinda CK, Fritts L, Port JR, Ma ZM, Holbrook MG, Schulz J, Blish CA, Hanson C, Chiu CY, Munster V, Stanley S, Miller CJ. The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1009914. [PMID: 35143587 PMCID: PMC8865701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1.427 and B.1.429, was originally detected in California (CA) and it was shown to have enhanced infectivity in vitro and decreased antibody neutralization by plasma from convalescent patients and vaccine recipients. Here we examine the virulence, transmissibility, and susceptibility to pre-existing immunity for B 1.427 and B 1.429 in the Syrian hamster model. We find that both variants exhibit enhanced virulence as measured by increased body weight loss compared to hamsters infected with ancestral B.1 (614G), with B.1.429 causing the most marked body weight loss among the 3 variants. Faster dissemination from airways to parenchyma and more severe lung pathology at both early and late stages were also observed with B.1.429 infections relative to B.1. (614G) and B.1.427 infections. In addition, subgenomic viral RNA (sgRNA) levels were highest in oral swabs of hamsters infected with B.1.429, however sgRNA levels in lungs were similar in all three variants. This demonstrates that B.1.429 replicates to higher levels than ancestral B.1 (614G) or B.1.427 in the oropharynx but not in the lungs. In multi-virus in-vivo competition experiments, we found that B.1. (614G), epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) and gamma (P.1) dramatically outcompete alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) and zeta (P.2) in the lungs. In the nasal cavity, B.1. (614G), gamma, and epsilon dominate, but the highly infectious alpha variant also maintains a moderate size niche. We did not observe significant differences in airborne transmission efficiency among the B.1.427, B.1.429 and ancestral B.1 (614G) and WA-1 variants in hamsters. These results demonstrate enhanced virulence and high relative oropharyngeal replication of the epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant in Syrian hamsters compared to an ancestral B.1 (614G) variant. In 2020 and 2021, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the UK, South Africa, Brazil, India, California and beyond. New SARS-CoV-2 variants will continue to emerge for the foreseeable future in the human population and the potential for these new variants to produce severe disease and evade vaccines needs to be understood. In this study, we used the hamster model to determine the epsilon (B.1.427/429) SARS-CoV-2 variants that emerged in California in late 2020 cause more severe disease and infected hamsters have higher viral RNA levels in oral swabs compared to the prior B.1 (614G) variant. These findings are consistent with human clinical data and help explain the emergence and rapid spread of this variant in early 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Carroll
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Center for Immunology and infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas Fox
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Erin Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Kate Morris
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Claude Kwe Yinda
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Linda Fritts
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Center for Immunology and infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Rebecca Port
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Myndi G. Holbrook
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Carl Hanson
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Y. Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CYC); (VM); (SS); (CJM)
| | - Vincent Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CYC); (VM); (SS); (CJM)
| | - Sarah Stanley
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CYC); (VM); (SS); (CJM)
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Center for Immunology and infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CYC); (VM); (SS); (CJM)
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11
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Verma A, Hawes CE, Lakshmanappa YS, Roh JW, Schmidt BA, Dutra J, Louie W, Liu H, Ma ZM, Watanabe JK, Usachenko JL, Immareddy R, Sammak RL, Pollard R, Reader JR, Olstad KJ, Coffey LL, Kozlowski PA, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Nussenzweig M, Van Rompay KKA, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. Monoclonal antibodies protect aged rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2-induced immune activation and neuroinflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109942. [PMID: 34706272 PMCID: PMC8523485 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-viral monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments may provide immediate but short-term immunity from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-risk populations, such as people with diabetes and the elderly; however, data on their efficacy in these populations are limited. We demonstrate that prophylactic mAb treatment blocks viral replication in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts in aged, type 2 diabetic rhesus macaques. mAb infusion dramatically curtails severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-mediated stimulation of interferon-induced chemokines and T cell activation, significantly reducing development of interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, mAb infusion significantly dampens the greater than 3-fold increase in SARS-CoV-2-induced effector CD4 T cell influx into the cerebrospinal fluid. Our data show that neutralizing mAbs administered preventatively to high-risk populations may mitigate the adverse inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Verma
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chase E Hawes
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Jamin W Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian A Schmidt
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseph Dutra
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William Louie
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer K Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jodie L Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ramya Immareddy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca L Sammak
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachel Pollard
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katherine J Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michel Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Smita S Iyer
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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12
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Carroll T, Fox D, van Doremalen N, Ball E, Morris MK, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Rustagi A, Yinda CK, Fritts L, Port JR, Ma ZM, Holbrook M, Schulz J, Blish CA, Hanson C, Chiu CY, Munster V, Stanley S, Miller CJ. The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34462750 PMCID: PMC8404898 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.25.457626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel variant of concern (VOC) designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1.427 and B.1.429, was originally detected in California (CA) and shown to enhance infectivity in vitro and decrease antibody neutralization by plasma from convalescent patients and vaccine recipients. Here we examine the virulence, transmissibility, and susceptibility to pre-existing immunity for B 1.427 and B 1.429 in the Syrian hamster model. We find that both strains exhibit enhanced virulence as measured by increased body weight loss compared to hamsters infected with ancestral B.1 (614G), with B.1.429 causing the most body weight loss among all 3 lineages. Faster dissemination from airways to parenchyma and more severe lung pathology at both early and late stages were also observed with B.1.429 infections relative to B.1. (614G) and B.1.427 infections. In addition, subgenomic viral RNA (sgRNA) levels were highest in oral swabs of hamsters infected with B.1.429, however sgRNA levels in lungs were similar in all three strains. This demonstrates that B.1.429 replicates to higher levels than ancestral B.1 (614G) or B.1.427 in the upper respiratory tract (URT) but not in the lungs. In multi-virus in-vivo competition experiments, we found that epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) and gamma (P.1) dramatically outcompete alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) and zeta (P.2) in the lungs. In the URT gamma, and epsilon dominate, but the highly infectious alpha variant also maintains a moderate size niche. We did not observe significant differences in airborne transmission efficiency among the B.1.427, B.1.429 and ancestral B.1 (614G) variants in hamsters. These results demonstrate enhanced virulence and high relative fitness of the epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant in Syrian hamsters compared to an ancestral B.1 (614G) strain. In the last 12 months new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have arisen in the UK, South Africa, Brazil, India, and California. New SARS-CoV-2 variants will continue to emerge for the foreseeable future in the human population and the potential for these new variants to produce severe disease and evade vaccines needs to be understood. In this study, we used the hamster model to determine the epsilon (B.1.427/429) SARS-CoV-2 strains that emerged in California in late 2020 cause more severe disease and infected hamsters have higher viral loads in the upper respiratory tract compared to the prior B.1 (614G) strain. These findings are consistent with human clinical data and help explain the emergence and rapid spread of this strain in early 2021.
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13
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Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Elizaldi SR, Roh JW, Schmidt BA, Carroll TD, Weaver KD, Smith JC, Verma A, Deere JD, Dutra J, Stone M, Franz S, Sammak RL, Olstad KJ, Rachel Reader J, Ma ZM, Nguyen NK, Watanabe J, Usachenko J, Immareddy R, Yee JL, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Hartigan-O'Connor D, McSorley SJ, Morrison JH, Tran NK, Simmons G, Busch MP, Kozlowski PA, Van Rompay KKA, Miller CJ, Iyer SS. SARS-CoV-2 induces robust germinal center CD4 T follicular helper cell responses in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2021; 12:541. [PMID: 33483492 PMCID: PMC7822826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important for the generation of durable and specific humoral protection against viral infections. The degree to which SARS-CoV-2 infection generates Tfh cells and stimulates the germinal center (GC) response is an important question as we investigate vaccine induced immunity against COVID-19. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, either infused with convalescent plasma, normal plasma, or receiving no infusion, resulted in transient accumulation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and proliferating Tfh cells with a Th1 profile in peripheral blood. CD4 helper cell responses skewed predominantly toward a Th1 response in blood, lung, and lymph nodes. SARS-CoV-2 Infection induced GC Tfh cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and a corresponding early appearance of antiviral serum IgG antibodies. Collectively, the data show induction of GC responses in a rhesus model of mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonny R Elizaldi
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamin W Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Schmidt
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Timothy D Carroll
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kourtney D Weaver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Justin C Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anil Verma
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jesse D Deere
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Dutra
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sergej Franz
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nancy K Nguyen
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jodie Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ramya Immareddy
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn L Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nam K Tran
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Miller
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Smita S Iyer
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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14
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Elizaldi S, Lakshmanappa YS, Roh J, Schmidt B, Carroll T, Weaver K, Smith J, Deere J, Dutra J, Stone M, Franz S, Sammak R, Olstad K, Reader JR, Ma ZM, Nguyen N, Watanabe J, Usachenko J, Immareddy R, Yee J, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Hartigan-O'Connor D, McSorley S, Morrison J, Tran N, Simmons G, Busch M, Kozlowsk P, van Rompay K, Miller C, Iyer S. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust germinal center CD4 T follicular helper cell responses in rhesus macaques. Res Sq 2020:rs.3.rs-51545. [PMID: 32818217 PMCID: PMC7430596 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-51545/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper (T fh ) cells are important for the generation of durable and specific humoral protection against viral infections. The degree to which SARS-CoV-2 infection generates T fh cells and stimulates the germinal center response is an important question as we investigate vaccine options for the current pandemic. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in transient accumulation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and proliferating T fh cells with a T h 1 profile in peripheral blood. CD4 helper cell responses were skewed predominantly toward a T h 1 response in blood, lung, and lymph nodes. We observed the generation of germinal center T fh cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, and a corresponding early appearance of antiviral serum IgG antibodies. Our data suggest that a vaccine promoting T h 1-type T fh responses that target the S protein may lead to protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Justin Smith
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pamela Kozlowsk
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans
| | | | | | - Smita Iyer
- University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and California National Primate Research Center
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15
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Elizaldi SR, Lakshmanappa YS, Roh JW, Schmidt BA, Carroll TD, Weaver KD, Smith JC, Deere JD, Dutra J, Stone M, Sammak RL, Olstad KJ, Reader JR, Ma ZM, Nguyen NK, Watanabe J, Usachaenko J, Immareddy R, Yee JL, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Hartigan-O’Connor D, McSorley SJ, Morrison JH, Tran NK, Simmons G, Busch MP, Kozlowski PA, Van Rompay KK, Miller CJ, Iyer SS. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces germinal center responses with robust stimulation of CD4 T follicular helper cells in rhesus macaques. bioRxiv 2020:2020.07.07.191007. [PMID: 32676606 PMCID: PMC7359530 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.191007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper (T fh ) cells are important for the generation of long-lasting and specific humoral protection against viral infections. The degree to which SARS-CoV-2 infection generates T fh cells and stimulates the germinal center response is an important question as we investigate vaccine options for the current pandemic. Here we report that, following infection with SARS-CoV-2, adult rhesus macaques exhibited transient accumulation of activated, proliferating T fh cells in their peripheral blood on a transitory basis. The CD4 helper cell responses were skewed predominantly toward a T h 1 response in blood, lung, and lymph nodes, reflective of the interferon-rich cytokine environment following infection. We also observed the generation of germinal center T fh cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, and a corresponding early appearance of antiviral serum IgG antibodies but delayed or absent IgA antibodies. Our data suggest that a vaccine promoting Th1-type Tfh responses that target the S protein may lead to protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny R. Elizaldi
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, CA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, CA
| | | | - Jamin W. Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, CA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, CA
| | | | | | - Kourtney D. Weaver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Justin C. Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jesse D. Deere
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
| | - Joseph Dutra
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
| | - Mars Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - J. Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - JoAnn L. Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dennis Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, CA
| | - Stephen J. McSorley
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, CA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA
| | - John H. Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, CA
| | - Nam K. Tran
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, CA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Koen K.A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, CA
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, CA
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA
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16
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Liu TZ, Liu JJ, Ma ZM, Chen C, Tang XH, Zhu JM. [Application of the laparoscopic intracorporeal single-layer continuous horizontal mattress suture to close the esophagojejunostomy entry hole]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:315-318. [PMID: 32192314 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20190131-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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17
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Yang LF, Liu X, Lv LL, Ma ZM, Feng XC, Ma TH. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits biofilm formation and virulence factors of Candida albicans. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:36-44. [PMID: 29477784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) against planktonic growth and virulence factors of Candida albicans. METHODS Microdilution method based on CLSI-M27-A3 was used to test the antifungal susceptibility of DP. The activity of DP against biofilm formation and development of C. albicans was quantified by XTT assay and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscope. The effect of DP on the morphological transition of C. albicans induced by four kinds of hyphal-inducing media at 37°C for 4hours was observed under microscope. The rescue experiment by adding exogenous cAMP analog was performed to investigate the involvement of cAMP in the yeast to hyphal transition and biofilm formation of C. albicans. Egg yolk emulsion agar was used to determine the inhibition of DP on the phospholipase production of C. albicans. Human JEG-3 and HUVEC cell lines, as well as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used to assess the toxicity of DP. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DP is 64μM while the antifungal activity was fungistatic. As low as a concentration at 16μM, DP could inhibit the yeast to hyphal transition in liquid RPMI-1640, Spider, GlcNAc and 10% FBS-containing Sabouroud Dextrose medium, as well as on the solid spider agar. Exogenous cAMP analog could rescue part of biofilm viability of C. albicans. DP could inhibit the production of phospholipase. The toxicity of DP against human cells and C. elegans is low. CONCLUSION DP could inhibit the planktonic growth and virulent factors in multiple stages, such as yeast to hyphal transition, adhesion, biofilm formation and production of phospholipase of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - X Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - L L Lv
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Z M Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041, China.
| | - X C Feng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - T H Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
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18
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Asmuth DM, Thompson CG, Chun TW, Ma ZM, Mann S, Sainz T, Serrano-Villar S, Utay NS, Garcia JC, Troia-Cancio P, Pollard RB, Miller CJ, Landay A, Kashuba AD. Tissue Pharmacologic and Virologic Determinants of Duodenal and Rectal Gastrointestinal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:813-818. [PMID: 28968888 PMCID: PMC6279130 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma, duodenal, and rectal tissue antiretroviral therapy (ART) drug concentrations, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA and HIV DNA copy numbers, and recovery of mucosal immunity were measured before and 9 months after initiation of 3 different ART regimens in 26 subjects. Plasma and tissue HIV RNA correlated at baseline and when 9-month declines were compared, suggesting that these compartments are tightly associated. Antiretroviral tissue:blood penetration ratios were above the 50% inhibitory concentration values in almost 100% of cases. There were no correlations between drug concentrations and HIV DNA/RNA. Importantly, no evidence was found for residual viral replication or deficient tissue drug penetration to account for delayed gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Asmuth
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento
| | - Corbin G Thompson
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis
| | - Surinder Mann
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher J Miller
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis
| | - Alan Landay
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angela D Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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19
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Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Fourati S, Schifanella L, Liyanage NPM, Cameron M, Keele BF, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Billings E, Rao M, Chung AW, Dowell KG, Bailey-Kellogg C, Brown EP, Ackerman ME, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Whitney S, Doster MN, Binello N, Pegu P, Montefiori DC, Foulds K, Quinn DS, Donaldson M, Liang F, Loré K, Roederer M, Koup RA, McDermott A, Ma ZM, Miller CJ, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Blackburn M, Caccuri F, Bissa M, Ferrari G, Kalyanaraman V, Ferrari MG, Thompson D, Robert-Guroff M, Ratto-Kim S, Kim JH, Michael NL, Phogat S, Barnett SW, Tartaglia J, Venzon D, Stablein DM, Alter G, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Corrigendum: Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. Nat Med 2016; 22:1192. [PMID: 27711066 DOI: 10.1038/nm1016-1192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Serrano-Villar S, Sainz T, Ma ZM, Utay NS, Chun TW, Mann S, Kashuba AD, Siewe B, Albanese A, Troia-Cancio P, Sinclair E, Somasunderam A, Yotter T, Deeks SG, Landay A, Pollard RB, Miller CJ, Moreno S, Asmuth DM. Correction: Effects of Combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors-Based Regimen on Mucosal Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Trial. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005540. [PMID: 27015639 PMCID: PMC4807777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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21
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22
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Ma ZM, Miller CJ. Immunophenotype of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected cells in the spleen of a rhesus monkey. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:359-60. [PMID: 25760311 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Ma
- Center for Comparative Medicine and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
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23
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Fourati S, Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Schifanella L, Cameron M, Keele BF, Shen X, Tomoras GD, Billings E, Rao M, Chung AW, Dowell K, Bailey-Kellogg C, Brown E, Ackerman ME, Liyanage NP, Vargas-Inchaistegui DA, Whitney S, Doster MN, Binello N, Pegu P, Montefiori DC, Foulds K, Quinn DS, Donaldson M, Liang F, Loré K, Roederer M, Koup RA, McDermott A, Ma ZM, Miller CJ, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Blackburn M, Caccuri F, Ferrari G, Thompson D, Robert-Guroff M, Ratto-Kim S, Kim JH, Michael NL, Phogat S, Barnett SW, Tartaglia J, Venzon D, Stablein DM, Alter G, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Modulation of RAS Pathways as a Biomarker of Protection against HIV and as a Means to Improve Vaccine Efficacy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5182b.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Slim Fourati
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Monica Vaccari
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shari N. Gordon
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luca Schifanella
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark Cameron
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- National Cancer Institute, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Erik Billings
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen Dowell
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Eric Brown
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Namal P.M. Liyanage
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Stephen Whitney
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicolo Binello
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Poonam Pegu
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Kathryn Foulds
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Frank Liang
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karin Loré
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Richard A Koup
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adrian McDermott
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- University of California, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Miller
- University of California, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tran B Phan
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Donald N. Forthal
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Blackburn
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Devon Thompson
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- National Cancer Institute, Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Silvia Ratto-Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Susan W. Barnett
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - David Venzon
- National Cancer Institute, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Genoveffa Franchini
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Fourati S, Schifanella L, Cameron M, Keele BF, Shen X, Tomaras G, Billings E, Rao M, Liyanage NP, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Whitney S, Doster MN, Binello N, Pegu P, Montefiori DC, Foulds K, Quinn DS, Donaldson M, Liang F, Lore K, Roederer M, Koup R, McDermott A, Ma ZM, Christopher M, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Blackburn M, Caccuri F, Ferrari G, Robert-Guroff M, Ratto-Kim S, Kim J, Michael N, Phogat S, Barnett SW, Tartaglia J, Venzon D, Stablein DM, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Adjuvant Dependent Mucosal V2 Responses and RAS Activation in Vaccine Induced Protection from SIV mac251 Acquisition. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5117.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Slim Fourati
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Luca Schifanella
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Cameron
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- National Cancer Institute SAIC, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Erik Billings
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mangala Rao
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Poonam Pegu
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank Liang
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karin Lore
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Richard Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Tran B. Phan
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Donald N. Forthal
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- National Cancer Institute, Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Silvia Ratto-Kim
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jerome Kim
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nelson Michael
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Susan W. Barnett
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - David Venzon
- National Cancer Institute, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
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25
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Gupta S, Pegu P, Venzon DJ, Gach JS, Ma ZM, Landucci G, Miller CJ, Franchini G, Forthal DN. Enhanced in vitro transcytosis of simian immunodeficiency virus mediated by vaccine-induced antibody predicts transmitted/founder strain number after rectal challenge. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:45-52. [PMID: 24850790 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time to acquisition of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection following low-dose repeated rectal challenge correlated inversely with the number of transmitted/founder strains among macaques vaccinated with ALVAC-SIV/gp120 or gp120 alone. We determined if the ability of postvaccination, prechallenge sera to enhance SIVmac251 transcytosis across epithelial cells was associated with transmitted/founder strain number. METHODS Transcytosis was carried out by exposing sera and SIVmac251 to the apical surface of human endometrial carcinoma (HEC-1A) cells at pH 6.0 and 12 hours later quantifying virus in fluid bathing the basolateral cell surface (maintained at pH 7.4). These conditions allow Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn)-dependent shuttling of virus across cells. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between the amount of virus transcytosed and number of transmitted variants (R = 0.86, P < .0001). We also found that 4 animals who remained uninfected after repeated rectal challenges had lower serum transcytosis activity than did 19 animals who subsequently became infected (P = .003). Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated FcRn on columnar epithelial cells facing the lumen of the macaque rectum. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine-induced antibody capable of enhancing transcytosis in vitro via FcRn may play a role in determining transmitted/founder strain number and infection outcomes following in vivo challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | - Poonam Pegu
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Johannes S Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | | | - Gary Landucci
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | - Christopher J Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
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Vaccari M, Fenizia C, Ma ZM, Hryniewicz A, Boasso A, Doster MN, Miller CJ, Lindegardh N, Tarning J, Landay AL, Shearer GM, Franchini G. Transient increase of interferon-stimulated genes and no clinical benefit by chloroquine treatment during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:355-62. [PMID: 24251542 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection leads to AIDS in experimentally infected Rhesus macaques similarly to HIV-infected humans. In contrast, SIV infection of natural hosts is characterized by a down-regulation of innate acute responses to the virus within a few weeks of infection and results in limited pathology. Chloroquine (CQ) has been used in the treatment or prevention of malaria and has recently been shown to cause a decrease of immune activation and CD4 cell loss in HIV-infected individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy. Here, we treated Rhesus macaques with CQ during the acute phase of SIVmac251 infection with the intent to decrease viral-induced immune activation and possibly limit disease progression. Contrary to what was expected, CQ treatment resulted in a temporary increased expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulating genes and it worsened the recovery of CD4(+) T cells in the blood. Our findings confirm recent results observed in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients and suggest that CQ does not provide an obvious benefit in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Anna Hryniewicz
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adriano Boasso
- Experimental Immunology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Niklas Lindegardh
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gene M. Shearer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yu XF, Wang WB, Teng XD, Wang HY, Chen X, Wang HH, Ma ZM, Fahey TJ, Teng LS. Clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of follicular thyroid carcinoma in a single institute over a 15-year period. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 40:869-74. [PMID: 24613740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic features of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in our institute over a 15-year period. METHODS The clinical features, management and outcome of 134 consecutive patients were analyzed according to the time of diagnosis: Group I (1997-2001), Group II (2002-2006), and Group III (2007-2011). RESULTS As time advanced, the ratio of FTC to papillary thyroid carcinoma decreased from 8.7% in group I to 4.3% in group III (p = 0.000). The percentage of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy seemed to be more commonly used in the later periods - from 10.5% in group I to 21.8% in group II and 18.9% in group III. The median diameter of tumors in group I was 4.2 cm and it showed a sharp decrease to 2.8 cm in group II and 2.9 cm in group III respectively. There was a trend towards a higher stage in patients from Group I vs. patients from Groups II and III (stage IV, 15.8% vs. 2.2% and 4.3%, p = 0.072). The outcome was improved in terms of disease-free survival (DFS). The 3-year DFS rate improved from 77.8% in group I to 93.7% in group II and 100% in group III (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The clinical features, management and outcome of FTC patients changed over 15-year period. Patients diagnosed after 2001 had a better prognosis. This improvement was probably related to earlier diagnosis with smaller tumor size and presentation at earlier tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Yu
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79th Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - W B Wang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79th Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - X D Teng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79th Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - H Y Wang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79th Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1st Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - H H Wang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79th Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Z M Ma
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79th Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - T J Fahey
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Room F-2024, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - L S Teng
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79th Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Fieni F, Stone M, Ma ZM, Dutra J, Fritts L, Miller CJ. Viral RNA levels and env variants in semen and tissues of mature male rhesus macaques infected with SIV by penile inoculation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76367. [PMID: 24146859 PMCID: PMC3795772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV is shed in semen but the anatomic site of virus entry into the genital secretions is unknown. We determined viral RNA (vRNA) levels and the envelope gene sequence in the SIVmac 251 viral populations in the genital tract and semen of 5 adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that were infected after experimental penile SIV infection. Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 1–9 weeks after infection and the monkeys were necropsied eleven weeks after infection. The axillary lymph nodes, testes, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles were collected and vRNA levels and single-genome analysis of the SIVmac251 env variants was performed. At the time of semen collection, blood vRNA levels were between 3.09 and 7.85 log10 vRNA copies/ml plasma. SIV RNA was found in the axillary lymph nodes of all five monkeys and in 3 of 5 monkeys, all tissues examined were vRNA positive. In these 3 monkeys, vRNA levels (log10 SIVgag copies/ug of total tissue RNA) in the axillary lymph node (6.48±0.50) were significantly higher than in the genital tract tissues: testis (3.67±2.16; p<0.05), epididymis (3.08±1.19; p<0.0001), prostate (3.36±1.30; p<0.01), and seminal vesicle (2.67±1.50; p<0.0001). Comparison of the SIVmac251 env viral populations in blood plasma, systemic lymph node, and genital tract tissues was performed in two of the macaques. Visual inspection of the Neighbor-Joining phylograms revealed that in both animals, all the sequences were generally distributed evenly among all tissue compartments. Importantly, viral populations in the genital tissues were not distinct from those in the systemic tissues. Our findings demonstrate striking similarity in the viral populations in the blood and male genital tract tissues within 3 months of penile SIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fieni
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Dutra
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Linda Fritts
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Asmuth DM, Ma ZM, Albanese A, Sandler NG, Devaraj S, Knight TH, Flynn NM, Yotter T, Garcia JC, Tsuchida E, Wu TT, Douek DC, Miller CJ. Oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin improves duodenal immune reconstitution and absorption function in patients with HIV enteropathy. AIDS 2013; 27:2207-17. [PMID: 23660579 PMCID: PMC3754419 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328362e54c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin, an oral medical food known to neutralize bacterial antigen and reduce intestinal inflammation, on restoration of mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal function in individuals with HIV enteropathy. DESIGN Open-label trial with intensive 8-week phase of bovine serum immunoglobulin (SBI) 2.5 g twice daily with a 4-week washout period and an optional 9-month extension study. METHODS HIV enteropathy was defined as chronic gastrointestinal symptoms including frequent loose or watery stools despite no identifiable, reversible cause. Upper endoscopy for tissue immunofluorescent antibody assay and disaccharide gut permeability/absorption studies were performed before and after 8 weeks of SBI to test mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal function. Blood was collected for markers of microbial translocation, inflammation, and collagen kinetics. A validated gastrointestinal questionnaire assessed changes in symptoms. RESULTS All eight participants experienced profound improvement in symptoms with reduced bowel movements/day (P = 0.008) and improvements in stool consistency (P = 0.008). Gut permeability was normal before and after the intervention, but D-xylose absorption increased in seven of eight participants. Mucosal CD4 lymphocyte densities increased by a median of 139.5 cells/mm2 from 213 to 322 cells/mm2 (P = 0.016). Intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a marker of enterocyte damage, initially rose in seven of eight participants after 8 weeks (P = 0.039), and then fell below baseline in four of five who continued receiving SBI (P = 0.12). Baseline serum I-FABP levels were negatively correlated with subsequent rise in mucosal CD4 lymphocyte densities (r = -0.74, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION SBI significantly increases intestinal mucosal CD4 lymphocyte counts, improves duodenal function, and showed evidence of promoting intestinal repair in the setting of HIV enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Asmuth
- aUniversity of California Davis Medical School bVeterans Administration Northern California Healthcare System, Sacramento cUniversity of California - Davis dCenter for Comparative Medicine, Davis, California eVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland fBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas gCARES Clinic, Sacramento, California hMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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30
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Gordon SN, Kines RC, Kutsyna G, Ma ZM, Hryniewicz A, Roberts JN, Fenizia C, Hidajat R, Brocca-Cofano E, Cuburu N, Buck CB, Bernardo ML, Robert-Guroff M, Miller CJ, Graham BS, Lowy DR, Schiller JT, Franchini G. Targeting the vaginal mucosa with human papillomavirus pseudovirion vaccines delivering simian immunodeficiency virus DNA. J Immunol 2012; 188:714-23. [PMID: 22174446 PMCID: PMC3253208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of HIV infections occur via mucosal transmission. Vaccines that induce memory T and B cells in the female genital tract may prevent the establishment and systemic dissemination of HIV. We tested the immunogenicity of a vaccine that uses human papillomavirus (HPV)-based gene transfer vectors, also called pseudovirions (PsVs), to deliver SIV genes to the vaginal epithelium. Our findings demonstrate that this vaccine platform induces gene expression in the genital tract in both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. Intravaginal vaccination with HPV16, HPV45, and HPV58 PsVs delivering SIV Gag DNA induced Gag-specific Abs in serum and the vaginal tract, and T cell responses in blood, vaginal mucosa, and draining lymph nodes that rapidly expanded following intravaginal exposure to SIV(mac251.) HPV PsV-based vehicles are immunogenic, which warrant further testing as vaccine candidates for HIV and may provide a useful model to evaluate the benefits and risks of inducing high levels of SIV-specific immune responses at mucosal sites prior to SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari N. Gordon
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rhonda C. Kines
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Galyna Kutsyna
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center and Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 94118
| | - Anna Hryniewicz
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffery N. Roberts
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Egidio Brocca-Cofano
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nicolas Cuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher B. Buck
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marcelino L. Bernardo
- Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center and Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 94118
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Douglas R. Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Ma ZM, Keele BF, Qureshi H, Stone M, Desilva V, Fritts L, Lifson JD, Miller CJ. SIVmac251 is inefficiently transmitted to rhesus macaques by penile inoculation with a single SIVenv variant found in ramp-up phase plasma. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27:1259-69. [PMID: 21732792 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Despite the fact that approximately half of all HIV patients acquire infection through penile exposure, there have been no recent studies of penile SIV transmission in rhesus macaques and the nature of the virus variants transmitted, target cells, and pathways of virus dissemination to systemic lymphoid tissues are not known. Single genome amplification (SGA) and sequencing of HIV-1 RNA in plasma of acutely infected humans allows the identification and enumeration of transmitted/founder viruses responsible for productive systemic infection. Studies using the SGA strategy have shown that intrarectal and intravaginal SIV transmission to macaques recapitulates key features of human HIV transmission. To date, no studies have used the SGA assay to identify transmitted/founder virus(es) in macaques infected after penile SIV exposure. Here we report that SIV can be transmitted by penile SIV exposure. However, similar exposure to a high-dose inoculum infects only about half the animals, which is about 50% less efficient transmission than occurs after vaginal SIV challenge. In addition, only a single SIV env variant established the systemic infection in all five animals that became infected after penile exposure, a result that is consistent with low incidence and few transmitted HIV variants in heterosexually infected men. Our results suggest that the penile transmission of SIVmac251 in rhesus macaques recapitulates the key features of penile HIV-1 transmission and may provide insight into host or viral factors that permit penile transmission and dissemination. Furthermore, this SIV challenge exposure route will be useful in testing vaccines and other prophylactic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Ma
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Stone M, Ma ZM, Genescà M, Fritts L, Blozois S, McChesney MB, Miller CJ. Limited dissemination of pathogenic SIV after vaginal challenge of rhesus monkeys immunized with a live, attenuated lentivirus. Virology 2009; 392:260-70. [PMID: 19647847 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In non-human primate models of AIDS, attenuated lentiviruses provide the most reliable protection from challenge with pathogenic virus but the extent to which the vaccine virus replicates after challenge is unclear. At 7 and 14 days after vaginal challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239, plasma SIVenv RNA levels were significantly lower in female macaques immunized 6 months earlier with live, attenuated SHIV89.6 compared to unimmunized control animals. In 2 SHIV-immunized, unprotected macaques SIV replication produced moderate-level plasma viremia with dissemination of challenge virus to all tissues on day 14 after challenge. In protected, SHIV-immunized monkeys, SIV replication was controlled in all tissues, from the day of challenge through 14 days post-challenge. Further, in CD8(+) T cell-depleted SHIV-immunized animals, SIV replication and dissemination were more rapid than in control animals. These findings suggest that replication of a pathogenic AIDS virus can be controlled at the site of mucosal inoculation by live-attenuated lentivirus immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mars Stone
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Ma ZM, Stone M, Piatak M, Schweighardt B, Haigwood NL, Montefiori D, Lifson JD, Busch MP, Miller CJ. High specific infectivity of plasma virus from the pre-ramp-up and ramp-up stages of acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 2009; 83:3288-97. [PMID: 19129448 PMCID: PMC2655556 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02423-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To define the ratio of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) RNA molecules to infectious virions in plasma, a ramp-up-stage plasma pool was made from the earliest viral RNA (vRNA)-positive plasma samples (collected approximately 7 days after inoculation) from seven macaques, and a set-point-stage plasma pool was made from plasma samples collected 10 to 16 weeks after peak viremia from seven macaques; vRNA levels in these plasma pools were determined, and serial 10-fold dilutions containing 1 to 1,500 vRNA copies/ml were made. Intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of a 1-ml aliquot of diluted ramp-up-stage plasma containing 20 vRNA copies infected 2 of 2 rhesus macaques, while for the set-point-stage plasma, i.v. inoculation with 1,500 vRNA copies was needed to transmit infection. Further, when the heat-inactivated set-point-stage plasma pool was mixed with ramp-up-stage virions, infection of inoculated macaques was blocked. Notably, 2 of 2 animals inoculated with 85 ml of a pre-ramp-up plasma pool containing <3 SIV RNA copies/ml developed SIV infections characterized by high levels of viral replication, demonstrating that "vRNA-negative" plasma collected from macaques in the pre-ramp-up stage is infectious. Furthermore, there is a high ratio of infectious virions to total virions in ramp-up-stage plasma (between 1:1 and 1:10) and a lower ratio in set-point-stage plasma (between 1:75 and 1:750). Heat-inactivated chronic-stage plasma can "neutralize" the highly infectious ramp-up-stage virions. These findings have implications for the understanding of the natural history of SIV and human immunodeficiency virus infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Favre D, Lederer S, Kanwar B, Ma ZM, Proll S, Kasakow Z, Mold J, Swainson L, Barbour JD, Baskin CR, Palermo R, Pandrea I, Miller CJ, Katze MG, McCune JM. Critical loss of the balance between Th17 and T regulatory cell populations in pathogenic SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000295. [PMID: 19214220 PMCID: PMC2635016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation and progression to AIDS are observed after SIV infection in macaques but not in natural host primate species. To better understand this dichotomy, we compared acute pathogenic SIV infection in pigtailed macaques (PTs) to non-pathogenic infection in African green monkeys (AGMs). SIVagm-infected PTs, but not SIVagm-infected AGMs, rapidly developed systemic immune activation, marked and selective depletion of IL-17-secreting (Th17) cells, and loss of the balance between Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells in blood, lymphoid organs, and mucosal tissue. The loss of Th17 cells was found to be predictive of systemic and sustained T cell activation. Collectively, these data indicate that loss of the Th17 to Treg balance is related to SIV disease progression. Natural infection by the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in over 40 different species of African non-human primates is not accompanied by progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To understand this phenomenon, we have performed a detailed virologic, immunologic, and gene expression analysis of acute SIV infection of two disparate species: the African green monkey (AGM), in which SIV infection is nonpathogenic, and the Asian pigtailed macaque (PT), in which SIV infection results in AIDS. After experimental infection, animals of both species developed high viral loads. In the PTs, viremia was associated with CD4+ T cell depletion in the peripheral blood and multiple signs of persistent immune activation and inflammation. Such pathology was not observed in AGMs. Notably, the AGMs maintained high and balanced levels of two subset populations of CD4+ T cells, e.g., the immunosuppressive T regulatory (Treg) and the IL-17 producing (Th17) populations, whereas the PTs did not. Further analysis of the role of Th17 and Treg balance during pathogenic lentiviral infection may provide novel insights into our understanding of SIV and HIV pathogenesis and future thoughts about vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Favre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon Lederer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bittoo Kanwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- Center for Comparative Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Proll
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zeljka Kasakow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeff Mold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Louise Swainson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Barbour
- Department of Medicine, HIV/AIDS Division, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Carole R. Baskin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert Palermo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Katze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. McCune
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Ren J, Wang L, Chen Z, Ma ZM, Zhu HG, Yang DL, Li XY, Wang BI, Fei J, Wang ZG, Wen YM. Gene expression profile of transgenic mouse kidney reveals pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus associated nephropathy. J Med Virol 2006; 78:551-60. [PMID: 16555286 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated nephritis has been reported worldwide. Immune complex deposition has been accepted as its pathogenesis, although the association between the presence of local HBV DNA and viral antigen and the development of nephritis remains controversial. To understand better the roles played by HBV protein expression in the kidney, the global gene expression profile was studied in the kidney tissue of a lineage of HBV transgenic mouse (#59). The mice expressed HBsAg in serum, and HBsAg and HBcAg in liver and kidney, but without virus replication. Full-length HBV genome (adr subtype, C genotype) isolated from a chronic HBV carrier was used to establish the transgenic mice #59. Similarly manipulated mice that did not express HBV viral antigens served as controls. Southern blotting, hybridization with HBV probe, and immuno-histochemical staining were used to study HBV gene expression. mRNA extracted from the kidney tissue was analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays. HBsAg and HBcAg were located mainly in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelium. Altogether 520 genes were "up-regulated" more than twofold and 76 genes "down-regulated" more than twofold in the kidney. The complement activation, blood coagulation, and acute-phase response genes were markedly "up-regulated". Compared to the controls, the level of serum C3 protein was decreased in #59 mice, while the level of C3 protein from kidney extract was increased. Results indicate that expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in tubular epithelial cells of the kidney per se can up-regulate complement-mediated inflammatory gene pathways, in addition to immune complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ren
- Key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Reynolds MR, Rakasz E, Skinner PJ, White C, Abel K, Ma ZM, Compton L, Napoé G, Wilson N, Miller CJ, Haase A, Watkins DI. CD8+ T-lymphocyte response to major immunodominant epitopes after vaginal exposure to simian immunodeficiency virus: too late and too little. J Virol 2005; 79:9228-35. [PMID: 15994817 PMCID: PMC1168786 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.14.9228-9235.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the acute stage of infection following sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), virus-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses partially control but do not eradicate infection from the lymphatic tissues (LTs) or prevent the particularly massive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT). We explored hypothetical explanations for this failure to clear infection and prevent CD4+ T-lymphocyte loss in the SIV/rhesus macaque model of intravaginal transmission. We examined the relationship between the timing and magnitude of the CD8+ T-lymphocyte response to immunodominant SIV epitopes and viral replication, and we show first that the failure to contain infection is not because the female reproductive tract is a poor inductive site. We documented robust responses in cervicovaginal tissues and uterus, but only several days after the peak of virus production. Second, while we also documented a modest response in the draining genital and peripheral lymph nodes, the response at these sites also lagged behind peak virus production in these LT compartments. Third, we found that the response in GALT was surprisingly low or undetectable, possibly contributing to the severe and sustained depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the GALT. Thus, the virus-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte response is "too late and too little" to clear infection and prevent CD4+ T-lymphocyte loss. However, the robust response in female reproductive tissues may be an encouraging sign that vaccines that rapidly induce high-frequency CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses might be able to prevent acquisition of HIV-1 infection by the most common route of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Reynolds
- Wisconsin Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53715, USA
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37
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Miller CJ, Li Q, Abel K, Kim EY, Ma ZM, Wietgrefe S, La Franco-Scheuch L, Compton L, Duan L, Shore MD, Zupancic M, Busch M, Carlis J, Wolinsky S, Wolinksy S, Haase AT. Propagation and dissemination of infection after vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 2005; 79:9217-27. [PMID: 15994816 PMCID: PMC1168785 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.14.9217-9227.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current global AIDS pandemic, more than half of new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections are acquired by women through intravaginal HIV exposure. For this study, we explored pathogenesis issues relevant to the development of effective vaccines to prevent infection by this route, using an animal model in which female rhesus macaques were exposed intravaginally to a high dose of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We examined in detail the events that transpire from hours to a few days after intravaginal SIV exposure through week 4 to provide a framework for understanding the propagation, dissemination, and establishment of infection in lymphatic tissues (LTs) during the acute stage of infection. We show that the mucosal barrier greatly limits the infection of cervicovaginal tissues, and thus the initial founder populations of infected cells are small. While there was evidence of rapid dissemination to distal sites, we also show that continuous seeding from an expanding source of production at the portal of entry is likely critical for the later establishment of a productive infection throughout the systemic LTs. The initially small founder populations and dependence on continuous seeding to establish a productive infection in systemic LTs define a small window of maximum vulnerability for the virus in which there is an opportunity for the host, vaccines, or other interventions to prevent or control infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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38
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Li Q, Duan L, Estes JD, Ma ZM, Rourke T, Wang Y, Reilly C, Carlis J, Miller CJ, Haase AT. Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells. Nature 2005; 434:1148-52. [PMID: 15793562 DOI: 10.1038/nature03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In early simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infections, gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), the largest component of the lymphoid organ system, is a principal site of both virus production and depletion of primarily lamina propria memory CD4+ T cells; that is, CD4-expressing T cells that previously encountered antigens and microbes and homed to the lamina propria of GALT. Here, we show that peak virus production in gut tissues of SIV-infected rhesus macaques coincides with peak numbers of infected memory CD4+ T cells. Surprisingly, most of the initially infected memory cells were not, as expected, activated but were instead immunophenotypically 'resting' cells that, unlike truly resting cells, but like the first cells mainly infected at other mucosal sites and peripheral lymph nodes, are capable of supporting virus production. In addition to inducing immune activation and thereby providing activated CD4+ T-cell targets to sustain infection, virus production also triggered an immunopathologically limiting Fas-Fas-ligand-mediated apoptotic pathway in lamina propria CD4+ T cells, resulting in their preferential ablation. Thus, SIV exploits a large, resident population of resting memory CD4+ T cells in GALT to produce peak levels of virus that directly (through lytic infection) and indirectly (through apoptosis of infected and uninfected cells) deplete CD4+ T cells in the effector arm of GALT. The scale of this CD4+ T-cell depletion has adverse effects on the immune system of the host, underscoring the importance of developing countermeasures to SIV that are effective before infection of GALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, MMC 196, 420 Delaware Street S.E, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Ma ZM, Abel K, Rourke T, Wang Y, Miller CJ. A period of transient viremia and occult infection precedes persistent viremia and antiviral immune responses during multiple low-dose intravaginal simian immunodeficiency virus inoculations. J Virol 2004; 78:14048-52. [PMID: 15564513 PMCID: PMC533914 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.24.14048-14052.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In rhesus macaques, classic systemic infection, characterized by persistent viremia and seroconversion, occurred after multiple low-dose (10(3) 50% tissue culture infective doses) intravaginal (IVAG) inoculations with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac251. Monkeys developed classic SIV infections after a variable number of low-dose IVAG exposures to SIVmac251. Once established, the systemic infection was identical to SIV infection following high-dose IVAG SIV inoculation. However, occult systemic infection characterized by transient cell-associated or cell-free viremia consistently occurred early in the series of multiple vaginal SIV exposures. Further, antiviral cellular immune responses were present prior to the establishment of a classic systemic infection in the low-dose vaginal SIV transmission model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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40
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Abel K, La Franco-Scheuch L, Rourke T, Ma ZM, De Silva V, Fallert B, Beckett L, Reinhart TA, Miller CJ. Gamma interferon-mediated inflammation is associated with lack of protection from intravaginal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 challenge in simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6-immunized rhesus macaques. J Virol 2004; 78:841-54. [PMID: 14694116 PMCID: PMC368742 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.2.841-854.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is a key mediator of antiviral defenses, it is also a mediator of inflammation. As inflammation can drive lentiviral replication, we sought to determine the relationship between IFN-gamma-related host immune responses and challenge virus replication in lymphoid tissues of simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6 (SHIV89.6)-vaccinated and unvaccinated rhesus macaques 6 months after challenge with simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. Vaccinated-protected monkeys had low tissue viral RNA (vRNA) levels, vaccinated-unprotected animals had moderate tissue vRNA levels, and unvaccinated animals had high tissue vRNA levels. The long-term challenge outcome in vaccinated monkeys was correlated with the relative balance between SIV-specific IFN-gamma T-cell responses and nonspecific IFN-gamma-driven inflammation. Vaccinated-protected monkeys had slightly increased tissue IFN-gamma mRNA levels and a high frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells responding to in vitro SIVgag peptide stimulation; thus, it is likely that they could develop effective anti-SIV cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. In contrast, both high tissue IFN-gamma mRNA levels and strong in vitro SIV-specific IFN-gamma T-cell responses were detected in lymphoid tissues of vaccinated-unprotected monkeys. Unvaccinated monkeys had increased tissue IFN-gamma mRNA levels but weak in vitro anti-SIV IFN-gamma T-cell responses. In addition, in lymphoid tissues of vaccinated-unprotected and unvaccinated monkeys, the increased IFN-gamma mRNA levels were associated with increased Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and CXCR3 mRNA levels, suggesting that increased Mig/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 expression resulted in recruitment of CXCR3(+) activated T cells. Thus, IFN-gamma-driven inflammation promotes SIV replication in vaccinated-unprotected and unvaccinated monkeys. Unlike all unvaccinated monkeys, most monkeys vaccinated with SHIV89.6 did not develop IFN-gamma-driven inflammation, but they did develop effective antiviral CD8(+)-T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Abel
- Center for Comparative Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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41
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Wei R, Ma ZM, Yuan J. [Therapeutic effect of gamma-ray stereotactic radiotherapy on brain metastases]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 26:451-2. [PMID: 12536499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effects of gamma-ray stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) plus whole brain irradiation and radiotherapy alone in brain metastases. METHODS Forty-three patients with brain metastases were treated by SRT plus whole brain irradiation and 50 patients were treated by routine radiotherapy. SRT was given with the dosage of 15-27 Gy, and whole brain irradiation was given with the dosage of 30-40 Gy. RESULTS One-year survival rate, median survival period, and tumor local control rate in SRT plus whole brain irradiation group were higher or longer than those in the routine radiotherapy group (P < 0.01). Mortality in SRT plus whole brain irradiation group was lower than that in the routine radiotherapy group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of SRT plus whole brain irradiation on brain metastasis of cancer is superior to the routine radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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42
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Wang B, Liu GH, Ma ZM. [Early operation with anterior screw-plate system for cervical spine fracture and dislocation]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 26:480-2. [PMID: 12536510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the function of the cervical spine anterior screw-plate system in the early operation of cervical spine fracture and dislocation. METHODS One hundred and fifteen patients with fracture and dislocation of lower cervical spine treated by cervical anterior decompression, reduction, iliac crest autograft, fixed with cervical anterior locking plate (AO, spine-tech, Orion). RESULTS All the cases were free from complication except one patient was complicated with infection of the surgical wound and another one with a transient dysfunction of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Symptom of patients were significantly improved in postoperation and no hardware failure. CONCLUSIONS Early anterior decompression operation for cervical fracture and dislocation can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes, anterior cervical vertebral screw-plate system is safety, simplicity, rigidity and can provide good conditions for early anterior cervical spine operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Xinagya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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43
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Ma ZM, Jiang B, Ma JR. [Alterations of glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat brain after gamma knife irradiation]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 26:309-12. [PMID: 12536720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in different time and water content of the rat brain treated with gamma knife radiotherapy and to understand the alteration course of the brain lesion after a single high dose radiosurgical treatment. METHODS In the brains of the normal rats were irradiated by gamma knife with 160 Gy-high dose. The irradiated rats were then killed on the 1st day, 7th day, 14th day, and 28th day after radiotherapy, respectively. The positive cells of GFAP in brain tissue were detected by immunostaining; the water content of the brain tissue was measured by microgravimetry. The histological study of the irradiated brain tissue was performed with H.E. and examined under light microscope. RESULTS The numbers of GFAP-positive astrocytes began to increase on the 1st day after gamma knife irradiation. It was enlarged markedly in the number and size of GFAP-stained astrocytes over the irradiated areas. Up to the 28th day, circumscribed necrosis foci (4 mm in diameter) was seen in the central area of the target. In the brain tissue around the necrosis, GFAP-positive astrocytes significantly increased (P < 0.01, compared with the control group). The swelling of cells in irradiated region was observed on the 1st day; after irradiation endothelial cells degenerated and red blood cells escaped from blood vessel on the 7th day; leakage of Evans blue dye was observed in the target region on the 14th day. There was a significant decrease of specific gravity in the irradiated brain tissue the 14th and 28th day after irradiation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that GFAP can be used as a marker for the radiation-induced brain injury. The brain edema and disruption of brain-blood barrier can be occurred during the acute stage after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Ma
- Neurological Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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44
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Ma ZM, Xie YZ, Yang Y. [The study on the differential display of gene in rat's cerebral cortex during hypoxia]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2001; 17:132-191. [PMID: 21171398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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45
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Lu C, Lü GH, Ma ZM. [Analysis of complication in the spinal pedicle screw internal fixation]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:51-2. [PMID: 12212247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
In 1990-1998, five hundred and twenty patients treated with spinal pedicle screw internal fixation were analyzed. The main operative complication was screw misplacement(7.1%), and others such as screw bend and extra-long screw were less seen. The postoperative complications included screw breakage (13.3%) and backache(14.2%). Recently, by making use of RF screw system and X-ray monitor, the complications were significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011
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Li BL, Li XL, Duan ZJ, Lee O, Lin S, Ma ZM, Chang CC, Yang XY, Park JP, Mohandas TK, Noll W, Chan L, Chang TY. Human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) gene organization and evidence that the 4.3-kilobase ACAT-1 mRNA is produced from two different chromosomes. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:11060-71. [PMID: 10196189 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.16.11060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) plays important roles in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Four human ACAT-1 mRNAs (7.0, 4.3, 3.6, and 2.8 kilobases (kb)) share the same short 5'-untranslated region (exon 1) and coding sequence (exons 2-15). The 4.3-kb mRNA contains an additional 5'-untranslated region (1289 nucleotides in length; exons Xa and Xb) immediately upstream from the exon 1 sequence. One ACAT-1 genomic DNA insert covers exons 1-16 and a promoter (the P1 promoter). A separate insert covers exon Xa (1277 base pairs) and a different promoter (the P7 promoter). Gene mapping shows that exons 1-16 and the P1 promoter sequences are located in chromosome 1, while exon Xa and the P7 promoter sequence are located in chromosome 7. RNase protection assays demonstrate three different protected fragments, corresponding to the 4.3-kb mRNA and the two other mRNAs transcribed from the two promoters. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the 4.3-kb mRNA is produced from two different chromosomes, by a novel RNA recombination mechanism involving trans-splicing of two discontinuous precursor RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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47
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Ma ZM, Xie YZ, Lu YD. [The progress on the modulation of hypoxia responsive gene (HRG)]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1998; 29:352-4. [PMID: 12501668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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48
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Ma ZM, Kong YY, Wang Y, Wen YM. Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing Pre-S/S protein of duck hepatitis B virus and its preliminary use for treatment of persistent infection. Acta Virol 1996; 40:311-4. [PMID: 9171461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The envelope (Pre-S/S) gene of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into plasmid pGJP5, under the control of vaccinia virus promoter P(7.5). By recombination in cell culture, and screened in human TK- 143 cells in the presence of 5-bromouracil deoxyriboside (5-BUdR), a recombinant vaccinia virus, bearing the envelope gene of DHBV (pGDHBV-5) which could replicate in cell cultures was constructed. DHBV surface antigen (DHBsAg) was detected in pGDHBV-5-infected cell lysate by dot enzyme immunoassay (EIA). After multiple-site intradermal injections of pGDHBV-5, DHBsAg could be detected in the serum of immunized adult ducks. This indicated that the recombinant virus replicated and expresed DHBsAg in ducks. The recombinant virus was used as a therapeutic vaccine to immunize persistently DHBV-infected ducks. After immunization, a transient significant decrease of serum DHBsAg was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Ma
- Department of Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical University, P.R. China
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49
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Ma ZM, Feng YZ, Zhou XR. [Rational surgical approaches to the treatment of small primary liver cancer, and the prevention of postoperative recurrence]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1994; 32:31-4. [PMID: 8045198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
From Sep. 1985 to Dec. 1990, surgical treatment was performed in 27 patients with small primary liver cancer (SPLC, < or = 5cm in diameter). Of them, segmentectomy was done in 23 cases and radical local resection in 4 cases with recurrence rate of 66.77% (18/27). Non recurrent lesions were located in the incisal margin. In this group re-resection rate was 55.6% (10/18). (1) Early detection and treatment of recurrent lesions remain a mainstay of prolonging survival. (2) Serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ultrasonography and X-ray chest film were basic follow-up methods for subclinical recurrence of SPLC. For re-operation cases, digital subtract angiography (DSA) are useful in identifying subclinical lesions. (3) For recurrent liver cancer local hepatectomy was a reasonable approach. (4) For SPLC, radical segmentectomy or radical local resection with a safe margin of 1 to 2cm was the authors' choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou
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50
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Chen L, Dai ZR, Ma ZM, Zheng XY, Chen C. [Studies on residual antimalarial activity of tripynadine in mice and monkeys]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 1993; 11:190-194. [PMID: 8168241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the experiments in which tripynadine free base at a dose 4.5 times that of ED50 was given to mice by intragastric administration. On the 20th day following the administration the mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(7) RBC infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. The infection rate was zero, implying that all mice had acquired protection. Although the residual activity time of tripynadine phosphate was longer than that of tripynadine free base or piperaquine phosphate, but tripynadine phosphate caused vomiting in monkeys during the medication. The residual antimalarial activity of tripynadine hydroxynaphthoate was less than that of tripynadine phosphate or tripynadine free base. A total dose of 200 mg/kg of tripynadine free base ensured residual antimalarial activity against P. cynomolgi bastianellii for 20 days. However, the residual activity decreased evidently when the total dose was reduced to 100 mg/kg. In short, it seems that the residual antimalarial activity of tripynadine free base is slightly less than that of piperaquine in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Laboratory for Antimalarial Drug Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
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