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Huang Y, Ferrari G, Alter G, Forthal DN, Kappes JC, Lewis GK, Love JC, Borate B, Harris L, Greene K, Gao H, Phan TB, Landucci G, Goods BA, Dowell KG, Cheng HD, Bailey-Kellogg C, Montefiori DC, Ackerman ME. Diversity of Antiviral IgG Effector Activities Observed in HIV-Infected and Vaccinated Subjects. J Immunol 2016; 197:4603-4612. [PMID: 27913647 PMCID: PMC5137799 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diverse Ab effector functions mediated by the Fc domain have been commonly associated with reduced risk of infection in a growing number of nonhuman primate and human clinical studies. This study evaluated the anti-HIV Ab effector activities in polyclonal serum samples from HIV-infected donors, VAX004 vaccine recipients, and healthy HIV-negative subjects using a variety of primary and cell line-based assays, including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition, and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Additional assay characterization was performed with a panel of Fc-engineered variants of mAb b12. The goal of this study was to characterize different effector functions in the study samples and identify assays that might most comprehensively and dependably capture Fc-mediated Ab functions mediated by different effector cell types and against different viral targets. Deployment of such assays may facilitate assessment of functionally unique humoral responses and contribute to identification of correlates of protection with potential mechanistic significance in future HIV vaccine studies. Multivariate and correlative comparisons identified a set of Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition and phagocytosis assays that captured different Ab activities and were distinct from a group of ADCC assays that showed a more similar response profile across polyclonal serum samples. The activities of a panel of b12 monoclonal Fc variants further identified distinctions among the ADCC assays. These results reveal the natural diversity of Fc-mediated Ab effector responses among vaccine recipients in the VAX004 trial and in HIV-infected subjects, and they point to the potential importance of polyfunctional Ab responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - John C Kappes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - George K Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Bhavesh Borate
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Linda Harris
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kelli Greene
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Tran B Phan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Gary Landucci
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Brittany A Goods
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Karen G Dowell
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755; and
| | - Hao D Cheng
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Fourati S, Schifanella L, Liyanage NPM, Cameron M, Keele BF, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Billings E, Rao M, Chung AW, Dowell KG, Bailey-Kellogg C, Brown EP, Ackerman ME, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Whitney S, Doster MN, Binello N, Pegu P, Montefiori DC, Foulds K, Quinn DS, Donaldson M, Liang F, Loré K, Roederer M, Koup RA, McDermott A, Ma ZM, Miller CJ, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Blackburn M, Caccuri F, Bissa M, Ferrari G, Kalyanaraman V, Ferrari MG, Thompson D, Robert-Guroff M, Ratto-Kim S, Kim JH, Michael NL, Phogat S, Barnett SW, Tartaglia J, Venzon D, Stablein DM, Alter G, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Corrigendum: Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. Nat Med 2016; 22:1192. [PMID: 27711066 DOI: 10.1038/nm1016-1192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gordon SN, Liyanage NPM, Doster MN, Vaccari M, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Pegu P, Schifanella L, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Rao M, Billings EA, Schwartz J, Prado I, Bobb K, Zhang W, Montefiori DC, Foulds KE, Ferrari G, Robert-Guroff M, Roederer M, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Stablein DM, Phogat S, Venzon DJ, Fouts T, Franchini G. Boosting of ALVAC-SIV Vaccine-Primed Macaques with the CD4-SIVgp120 Fusion Protein Elicits Antibodies to V2 Associated with a Decreased Risk of SIVmac251 Acquisition. J Immunol 2016; 197:2726-37. [PMID: 27591322 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant ALVAC vaccine coupled with the monomeric gp120/alum protein have decreased the risk of HIV and SIV acquisition. Ab responses to the V1/V2 regions have correlated with a decreased risk of virus acquisition in both humans and macaques. We hypothesized that the breadth and functional profile of Abs induced by an ALVAC/envelope protein regimen could be improved by substituting the monomeric gp120 boost, with the full-length single-chain (FLSC) protein. FLSC is a CD4-gp120 fusion immunogen that exposes cryptic gp120 epitopes to the immune system. We compared the immunogenicity and relative efficiency of an ALVAC-SIV vaccine boosted either with bivalent FLSC proteins or with monomeric gp120 in alum. FLSC was superior to monomeric gp120 in directing Abs to the C3 α2 helix, the V5 loop, and the V3 region that contains the putative CCR5 binding site. In addition, FLSC boosting elicited significantly higher binding Abs to V2 and increased both the Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity and the breadth of neutralizing Abs. However, the FLSC vaccine regimen demonstrated only a trend in vaccine efficacy, whereas the monomeric gp120 regimen significantly decreased the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. In both vaccine regimens, anti-V2 Abs correlated with a decreased risk of virus acquisition but differed with regard to systemic or mucosal origin. In the FLSC regimen, serum Abs to V2 correlated, whereas in the monomeric gp120 regimen, V2 Abs in rectal secretions, the site of viral challenge, were associated with efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari N Gordon
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Namal P M Liyanage
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Diego A Vargas-Inchaustegui
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Poonam Pegu
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Erik A Billings
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | | | - Ilia Prado
- Profectus BioSciences Inc., Baltimore, MD 21224
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tran B Phan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92868
| | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92868
| | | | | | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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4
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Fourati S, Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Schifanella L, Cameron M, Keele BF, Shen X, Tomoras GD, Billings E, Rao M, Chung AW, Dowell K, Bailey-Kellogg C, Brown E, Ackerman ME, Liyanage NP, Vargas-Inchaistegui DA, Whitney S, Doster MN, Binello N, Pegu P, Montefiori DC, Foulds K, Quinn DS, Donaldson M, Liang F, Loré K, Roederer M, Koup RA, McDermott A, Ma ZM, Miller CJ, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Blackburn M, Caccuri F, Ferrari G, Thompson D, Robert-Guroff M, Ratto-Kim S, Kim JH, Michael NL, Phogat S, Barnett SW, Tartaglia J, Venzon D, Stablein DM, Alter G, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Modulation of RAS Pathways as a Biomarker of Protection against HIV and as a Means to Improve Vaccine Efficacy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5182b.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Slim Fourati
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Monica Vaccari
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shari N. Gordon
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luca Schifanella
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark Cameron
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- National Cancer Institute, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Erik Billings
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karen Dowell
- Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Eric Brown
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Namal P.M. Liyanage
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Stephen Whitney
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicolo Binello
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Poonam Pegu
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Kathryn Foulds
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Frank Liang
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karin Loré
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Richard A Koup
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adrian McDermott
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- University of California, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Miller
- University of California, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tran B Phan
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Donald N. Forthal
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Blackburn
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Devon Thompson
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- National Cancer Institute, Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Silvia Ratto-Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Susan W. Barnett
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - David Venzon
- National Cancer Institute, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Genoveffa Franchini
- National Cancer Institute, Animal Models and Vaccine Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
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5
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Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Fourati S, Schifanella L, Cameron M, Keele BF, Shen X, Tomaras G, Billings E, Rao M, Liyanage NP, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Whitney S, Doster MN, Binello N, Pegu P, Montefiori DC, Foulds K, Quinn DS, Donaldson M, Liang F, Lore K, Roederer M, Koup R, McDermott A, Ma ZM, Christopher M, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Blackburn M, Caccuri F, Ferrari G, Robert-Guroff M, Ratto-Kim S, Kim J, Michael N, Phogat S, Barnett SW, Tartaglia J, Venzon D, Stablein DM, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Adjuvant Dependent Mucosal V2 Responses and RAS Activation in Vaccine Induced Protection from SIV mac251 Acquisition. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5117.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Slim Fourati
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Luca Schifanella
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Cameron
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- National Cancer Institute SAIC, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Erik Billings
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mangala Rao
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Poonam Pegu
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank Liang
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karin Lore
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Richard Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Tran B. Phan
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Donald N. Forthal
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- National Cancer Institute, Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Silvia Ratto-Kim
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jerome Kim
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nelson Michael
- Walter Reed Army Institution, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Susan W. Barnett
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - David Venzon
- National Cancer Institute, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Gupta S, Gach JS, Becerra JC, Phan TB, Pudney J, Moldoveanu Z, Joseph SB, Landucci G, Supnet MJ, Ping LH, Corti D, Moldt B, Hel Z, Lanzavecchia A, Ruprecht RM, Burton DR, Mestecky J, Anderson DJ, Forthal DN. The Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcytosis across epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003776. [PMID: 24278022 PMCID: PMC3836734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) crosses mucosal surfaces to establish infection are unknown. Acidic genital secretions of HIV-1-infected women contain HIV-1 likely coated by antibody. We found that the combination of acidic pH and Env-specific IgG, including that from cervicovaginal and seminal fluids of HIV-1-infected individuals, augmented transcytosis across epithelial cells as much as 20-fold compared with Env-specific IgG at neutral pH or non-specific IgG at either pH. Enhanced transcytosis was observed with clinical HIV-1 isolates, including transmitted/founder strains, and was eliminated in Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn)-knockdown epithelial cells. Non-neutralizing antibodies allowed similar or less transcytosis than neutralizing antibodies. However, the ratio of total:infectious virus was higher for neutralizing antibodies, indicating that they allowed transcytosis while blocking infectivity of transcytosed virus. Immunocytochemistry revealed abundant FcRn expression in columnar epithelia lining the human endocervix and penile urethra. Acidity and Env-specific IgG enhance transcytosis of virus across epithelial cells via FcRn and could facilitate translocation of virus to susceptible target cells following sexual exposure. HIV-1 causes a sexually transmitted disease. However, the mechanisms employed by the virus to cross genital tract tissue and establish infection are uncertain. Since cervicovaginal fluid is acidic and HIV-1 in cervicovaginal fluid is likely coated with antibodies, we explored the effect of low pH and HIV-1-specific antibodies on transcytosis, the movement of HIV-1 across tight-junctioned epithelial cells. We found that the combination of HIV-1-specific antibodies and low pH enhanced transcytosis as much as 20-fold. Virus that underwent transcytosis under these conditions was infectious, and infectivity was highly influenced by whether or not the antibody neutralized the virus. We observed enhanced transcytosis using antibody from cervicovaginal and seminal fluids and using transmitted/founder strains of HIV-1. We also found that the enhanced transcytosis was due to the Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn), which binds immune complexes at acidic pH and releases them at neutral pH. Finally, staining of human tissue revealed abundant FcRn expression on columnar epithelial cells of penile urethra and endocervix. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism wherein HIV-1 may facilitate its own transmission by usurping the antibody response directed against itself. These results have important implications for HIV vaccine development and for understanding the earliest events in HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Johannes S. Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Becerra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tran B. Phan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Pudney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah B. Joseph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gary Landucci
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Medalyn Jude Supnet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Li-Hua Ping
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Davide Corti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Humabs BioMed SA, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Brian Moldt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah J. Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donald N. Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Polymorphisms in FcgammaR genes are associated with susceptibility to or severity of a number of autoimmune and infectious diseases. We found that HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with the FcgammaRIIa RR genotype progressed to a CD4(+) cell count of <200/mm(3) at a faster rate than individuals with the RH or HH genotypes (relative hazard = 1.6; p = 0.0001). However, progression to AIDS (using the broad definition of either a CD4(+) cell count <200/mm(3) or development of an AIDS-defining illness) was less impacted by FcgammaRIIa genotype, largely because HH homozygotes had an increased risk of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia as an AIDS-defining illness. We also showed that chronically infected subjects develop a substantial anti-gp120-specific IgG2 response. Moreover, HIV-1 immune complexes are more efficiently internalized by monocytes from HH subjects compared with RR subjects, likely because of the presence of IgG2 in the complexes. Finally, the FcgammaRIIIa F/V gene polymorphism was not associated with progression of HIV infection, but, as demonstrated previously, did predict the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma. These results demonstrate the importance of FcgammaRs in AIDS pathogenesis and point toward a critical role for interactions between FcgammaRs and immune complexes in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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8
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Forthal DN, Landucci G, Phan TB, Becerra J. Interactions between natural killer cells and antibody Fc result in enhanced antibody neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2005; 79:2042-9. [PMID: 15681406 PMCID: PMC546539 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.4.2042-2049.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies can prevent lentivirus infections in animals and may play a role in controlling viral burden in established infection. In preventing and particularly in controlling infection, antibodies likely function in the presence of large quantities of virus. In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which antibodies neutralize large inocula of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on different target cells. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from HIV-infected patients was tested for neutralizing activity against primary R5 strains of HIV-1 at inocula ranging from 100 to 20,000 50% tissue culture infective doses. At all virus inocula, inhibition by antibody was enhanced when target cells for virus growth were monocyte-depleted, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) rather than CD4(+) lymphocytes. However, enhanced inhibition on PBMCs was greatest with larger amounts of virus. Depleting PBMCs of natural killer (NK) cells, which express Fc receptors for IgG (FcgammaRs), abrogated the enhanced antibody inhibition, whereas adding NK cells to CD4(+) lymphocytes restored inhibition. There was no enhanced inhibition on PBMCs when F(ab')(2) was used. Further experiments demonstrated that the release of beta-chemokines, most likely through FcgammaR triggering of NK cells, contributed modestly to the antiviral activity of antibody on PBMCs and that antibody-coated virus adsorbed to uninfected cells provided a target for NK cell-mediated inhibition of HIV-1. These results indicate that Fc-FcgammaR interactions enhance the ability of antibody to neutralize HIV-1. Since FcgammaR-bearing cells are always present in vivo, FcgammaR-mediated antibody function may play a role in the ability of antibody to control lentivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald N Forthal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Route 81, 101 City Dr., Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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