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Wang T, Akram S, Hassan MU, Khurram F, Shahzad MF. The role of child development and socioeconomic factors in child obesity in Pakistan. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2025; 255:104966. [PMID: 40179759 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
This study intricately explores obesity's nexus with socio-emotional, physical development, and socioeconomic status, vital for global public health. It delves into psychological dimensions by scrutinizing attitudes toward obesity and their link with physical development. Additionally, it highlights obesity's physical implications, impacting overall health, chronic conditions, and healthcare systems. Using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) dataset among 39,168 children aged 30 to 59 months in Pakistan, it examines socioeconomic factors like access to healthy food and parental education. Through logistic regression on diverse demographic samples, this research unveils significant associations between physical development, socio-emotional well-being, demographics, socioeconomic status, and overweight/obesity prevalence. Understanding these connections is crucial for tailored interventions to address escalating obesity rates, requiring nuanced strategies in diverse demographics and socioeconomic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Shahla Akram
- Department of Economics, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore, Pakistan; Development Insights Lab (DIL) University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Mehboob Ul Hassan
- Islamic Banking Center, Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fajar Khurram
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ebrahimi S, Shiraseb F, Ladaninezhad M, Navaei N, Izadi A, Mirzaei K. The association between lifestyle risk score and mental health in Iranian overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2025; 12:1533453. [PMID: 40225338 PMCID: PMC11987328 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1533453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Since evidence on the relationship between a combination of lifestyle factors and mental health in the Iranian population is limited, this study employed a cross-sectional design which is a quick and low-cost method to provide more information on the potential association between lifestyle and mental health. This study addresses this gap by focusing on Iranian overweight and obese women. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 278 Iranian overweight and obese women. A multistage random sampling method was used to recruit the participants. The lifestyle risk score (LRS) was created based on diet, physical activity (PA), sleep, obesity, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between LRS and the odds of depression, anxiety, and stress. Participants were assigned a score of 0 for each healthy behavior and a score of 1 for each unhealthy behavior. A higher LRS indicates an unhealthier lifestyle. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine LRS and the stress and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS). Results Significant positive associations between high LRS and moderate and severe depression were found (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant positive associations between higher LRS and mild and extremely severe stress (p < 0.05). Conclusion This is the first study that examined associations between LRS and total DASS-21 and demonstrated that participants with lower LRS had lower levels of depression and stress. This study highlights the crucial role of healthy lifestyle choices in psychological wellbeing. These findings inform the design of interventions to address mental health disorders in Iran. Further prospective studies, including a larger sample size of both genders, are needed to expand our understanding of lifestyle scores' associations with mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ladaninezhad
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, College of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies, Life University, Marietta, GA, United States
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Medical, Orchid Pharmed Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Ebrahimi S, Shiraseb F, Ladaninezhad M, Izadi A, Navaei N, Mirzaei K. The association between the lifestyle risk score and metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotype in Iranian women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2025; 13:1490937. [PMID: 40027500 PMCID: PMC11868931 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1490937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The evidence shows that all women with obesity do not develop metabolic complications thus, they may be metabolically healthy. The lifestyle factors in combination may influence obesity phenotypes including metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. While previous studies examined associations between single lifestyle factors and obesity phenotype, no previous study has examined associations between lifestyle risk score (LRS) and obesity phenotypes. This study for the first time created the LRS which is a combination of lifestyle factors and investigated the LRS in relation to various obesity phenotypes among women with overweight and obesity. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 278 women referred to health centers of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A multistage sampling method was used to recruit the participants. The LRS was created based on diet, physical activity (PA), sleep, obesity, and sociodemographic characteristics. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between obesity phenotypes and LRS. Results Women with higher LRS had higher body mass index (BMI) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) while had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), PA, education levels, sleep quality, vegetables, grains and legumes intake. Furthermore, women with higher LRS were more likely to experience metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Conclusion This study found significant associations between higher LRS and an increased likelihood of MUO. Further prospective studies are needed to advance our understanding of the relationship between lifestyle and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ladaninezhad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Medical Department, Orchid Pharmed Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, College of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies, Life University, Marietta, GA, United States
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Smith TJ, Hess SY, Angeles-Agdeppa I, Goyena E, Gelli A, Olney DK. Diets, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Nutritional Status Among Children, Adolescents and Adults in the Philippines: A Scoping Review. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13786. [PMID: 39670332 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Suboptimal diets contribute to the risk of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases across the life course. Globally, intakes of fruit and vegetables (F&V) fall below recommendations, including in the Philippines. To promote F&V intakes, understanding the extent of inadequate intakes across population groups and key drivers of dietary patterns is needed. This narrative scoping review was conducted to map the diet, F&V intakes and nutritional status in the Philippines. PubMed was searched using keywords specific to diet, F&V intake, and nutritional status, with 50, 24 and 22 articles meeting the inclusion criteria for diet, F&V intake, and nutritional status, respectively. Available evidence indicates that across all population and sociodemographic groups, diets lacked diversity, with high intakes of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, such as refined rice and sugar-based foods and beverages, contributing to inadequate micronutrient intakes. Intakes of F&V were especially low across all population groups. Stunting/short height, wasting and underweight were prevalent among children and adolescents, and micronutrient deficiencies (iron, zinc, vitamin A) were common among children < 5 years of age. More than one-quarter of adults were overweight or obese and demonstrated poor cardiometabolic health. A lack of published evidence identified through this search reported on pregnant and lactating women and women of reproductive age. Published evaluations assessing the impact of interventions or programmes to improve diets or F&V intake were limited. Additional research to fill these gaps will help design interventions and target entry points to improve diet diversity and F&V intakes across all population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn J Smith
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Sonja Y Hess
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eva Goyena
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Manila, Philippines
| | - Aulo Gelli
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deanna K Olney
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Jurema Santos GC, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Carniel PG, da Silva Garcêz A, Góis Leandro C, Canuto R. Dietary intake in children and adolescents with food addiction: A systematic review. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100531. [PMID: 38322322 PMCID: PMC10844934 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is characterized by behavioral changes related to the consumption of palatable foods, marked by dependence, impulsivity, and compulsion. Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to FA owing to their significant consumption of ultra-processed foods. This review aims to investigate the differences in dietary intake in pediatric populations with and without FA. We conducted a systematic literature review. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO databases were searched up to July 2023. Potentially eligible studies were independently checked by two researchers. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Of the 4868 articles identified, six studies were included. All the included studies had high methodological quality. High consumption of calories and fat was observed in children and adolescents with FA. A diet quality analysis showed that the consumption of ultra-processed foods, such as sugary drinks, sweets, and chips, was related to FA. Given these findings, we concluded that FA in childhood may be associated with higher energy consumption and, consequently, higher intake of macronutrients. Few studies have examined the relationship between FA and food intake in childhood, and more studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pacheco Gabriela Carniel
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Silva Garcêz
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raquel Canuto
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Hannon E, Anselimus SM, Bardikoff N, Bulc B, Germann S, Gonsalves PP, Melendez-Torres GJ, Ospina-Pinillos L, Sinha M, Wanjiru M. Why cities matter for adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Lancet 2024; 403:708-710. [PMID: 37827186 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sweetbert M Anselimus
- Tanzania's Psychosocial Welfare Organization, and University of Dar es Salaam, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Nicole Bardikoff
- Global Mental Health at Grand Challenges Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Bulc
- Global Development and SDG CoLab, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hsu L, Li L, Poon LY. Analysis of risk factors of infection in diabetic foot patients. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14411. [PMID: 37731215 PMCID: PMC10788463 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed the risk factors for infection in 150 diabetic foot patients admitted to the Xiamen University Hospital between October 2020 and October 2022. Patients were categorised as infected (n = 80) or uninfected (n = 70) cohorts. The diabetic foot was evaluated using the American Diabetic Foot Grading system, whereas ulcers were categorised using Wagner's method. Analysed were patient-specific information, clinical data and risk factors including neuropathy, arterial disease and foot deformities. Our findings revealed no statistically significant differences between infected and uninfected cohorts concerning age, body mass index, gender, duration of diabetes or ankle-brachial index values (p > 0.05). However, infected group had a higher proportion of smokers and reduced socio-economic status (p < 0.05). Wagner grades indicated a greater severity in the infected group, with grade 3, grade 4 and grade 5 differing significantly (p < 0.05). Comparative analysis of ulcer characteristics revealed no statistically significant differences in ulcer surface area and depth, but the infected group had a higher prevalence of osteomyelitis and a greater number of ulcers (p > 0.05). Blood vessel complications, retinopathy, the presence of three or more ulcers, osteomyelitis and diabetic nephropathy were substantially more prevalent in the infected group, as determined by univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Subsequent multivariate logistic analysis revealed that patients with blood vessel complications, retinopathy, osteomyelitis, diabetic nephropathy and three or more ulcers were at increased risk for infection (p < 0.05). In addition, lifestyle factors, such as smoking, sedentary behaviour, inadequate foot hygiene, obesity and poor glycaemic control, were also associated with higher infection rates. A multivariate analysis of foot wound factors revealed that deeper, longer and recurrent lesions increased the likelihood of infection. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium from the infected group's bacterial culture, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The study enhanced our comprehension of the multifactorial risk factors associated with infections in diabetic foot patients, highlighting the need for thorough clinical evaluation, lifestyle modification and vigilant infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Hsu
- School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Le Li
- Department of The First Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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Rahman MM, de Silva A, Sassa M, Islam MR, Aktar S, Akter S. A systematic analysis and future projections of the nutritional status and interpretation of its drivers among school-aged children in South-East Asian countries. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 16:100244. [PMID: 37456534 PMCID: PMC10344936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Nutrition inadequacy during childhood and adolescence can cause suboptimal growth, intergenerational effects on offspring and an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. There is little information on the prevalence and drivers of malnutrition in children aged 5-19 years, in the South-East Asian setting, since most existing interventions have to date targeted undernutrition. We assessed the national prevalence of nutritional indicators, their trends, and associated risk factors among children aged 5-19 years from 11 countries of WHO South-East Asia Region (SEA Region) in order to provide evidence to guide future policy direction. Methods We included 5,210,646 children for analysis from 345 studies and 25 survey datasets. A Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the study. Bayesian regression models were used to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition between 2000 and 2030, and a series of subgroup analyses were performed to assess variation in pooled estimates by different socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO database (CRD42023400104). Findings Overall, pooled analysis demonstrated that indicators of undernutrition in SEA is predicted to decrease between 2000 and 2030 including stunting (36.6%-27.2%), thinness (29.5%-6.2%), and underweight (29.2%-15.9%). However, a substantial increase in prevalence of overweight (6.0% in 2000-16.9% in 2030), and obesity (2.6%-9.5%) are predicted. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies between 2000 and 2030 is predicted to decrease-vitamin A by 84% and vitamin D by 53%. Parents' education levels and household wealth were inversely associated with malnutrition. Children's health-related behaviours, such as unhealthy dietary habits and spending more time watching TV, playing games, or using the computer, were associated with increased chance of overweight and obesity. There were no clear signs of publication bias in our study. Interpretation Our analysis highlights the pattern of a double burden of malnutrition, with clear differences between different socio-demographic groups. Despite a substantial reduction in the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and anaemia since 2000, an emerging increase in overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiencies warrants urgent attention. Funding World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Angela de Silva
- Nutrition and Health for Development Unit, Department of Healthier Populations and Noncommunicable Disease, World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia, India
| | - Miho Sassa
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarmin Aktar
- Global Public Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Akter
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
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de Vries Mecheva M, Rieger M, Sparrow R, Prafiantini E, Agustina R. Behavioural and environmental risk factors associated with primary schoolchildren's overweight and obesity in urban Indonesia. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1562-1575. [PMID: 37138496 PMCID: PMC10410387 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To aid the design of nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries undergoing a nutrition transition, this study examined behavioural and environmental risk factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity in urban Indonesia. DESIGN Body height and weight of children were measured to determine BMI-for-age Z-scores and childhood overweight and obesity status. A self-administered parental survey measured socio-economic background, children's diet, physical activity, screen time and parental practices. Logistic and quantile regression models were used to assess the association between risk factors and the BMI-for-age Z-score distribution. SETTING Public primary schools in Central Jakarta, sampled at random. PARTICIPANTS Children (n 1674) aged 6-13 years from 18 public primary schools. RESULTS Among the children, 31·0 % were overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys (21·0 %) than in girls (12·0 %). Male sex and height (aOR = 1·67; 95 % CI 1·30, 2·14 and aOR = 1·16; 95 % CI 1·14, 1·18, respectively) increased the odds of being overweight or obese, while the odds reduced with every year of age (aOR = 0·43; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·50). Maternal education was positively associated with children's BMI at the median of the Z-score distribution (P = 0·026). Dietary and physical activity risk scores were not associated with children's BMI at any quantile. The obesogenic home food environment score was significantly and positively associated with the BMI-for-age Z-score at the 75th and 90th percentiles (P = 0·022 and 0·023, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated the demographic, behavioural and environmental risk factors for overweight and obesity among primary schoolchildren in a middle-income country. To foster healthy behaviours in primary schoolchildren, parents need to ensure a positive home food environment. Future sex-responsive interventions should involve both parents and children, promote healthy diets and physical activity and improve food environments in homes and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita de Vries Mecheva
- The International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2518 AXThe Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Rieger
- The International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2518 AXThe Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Sparrow
- The International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2518 AXThe Hague, the Netherlands
- Development Economics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erfi Prafiantini
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on folliculogenesis in deep frying oil-fed rats. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 115:157-162. [PMID: 36572232 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Today, the tendency towards Western World diet characterized by a high consumption of Deep Frying Oil (DFO), as well as female infertility has increased. On the other hand, probiotics are living microorganisms that can benefit human health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a probiotic treatment (Lactobacillus plantarum) on the process of follicular growth in rats fed with DFO. Twenty adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, DFO treatment, DFO treatment group receiving probiotic and the healthy group receiving probiotic for one month. After blood sampling and dissection, ovarian tissue was examined for the number of ovarian follicles at different stages. In addition, the expression of Bmp15 (Gdf-9b) and Gdf9 genes was assessed by the real-time PCR method. The ELISA test was also used to measure hormonal changes (LH and FSH). Data showed that rats treated with DFO had a significant decrease in follicle numbers, hormone levels and Bmp15 and Gdf9 gene expression. Moreover, the number of atretic follicles was increased. Treatment of rats with the probiotic reduced the observed side effects of DFO. Thus, treatments of rats with the probiotic mitigated some of the observed side effects of DFO. An increase in primordial follicles and a reduction of atretic follicles was indicated compared to the DFO group (P ≤ 0.001). Lactobacillus plantarum could reduce the detrimental effects of DFO on folliculogenesis through its beneficial effects.
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da Encarnação SGA, Flores P, Magalhães D, Afonso G, Pereira A, Fonseca RB, Ribeiro J, Silva-Santos S, Teixeira JE, Monteiro AM, Ferraz R, Branquinho L, Forte P. The Influence of Abdominal Adiposity and Physical Fitness on Obesity Status of Portuguese Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11213. [PMID: 36141486 PMCID: PMC9517613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between abdominal adiposity and physical fitness in the obesity status of Portuguese adolescents. BMI, abdominal adiposity, and physical fitness tests from the FITescola® were evaluated in a total of 654 Portuguese adolescents, aged 10-19 years old-male: n = 334 (51%), female: n = 320 (49%). For the final model, BMI was positively related with age (β = 0.25), abdominal adiposity (β = 0.313), horizontal jump (β = -0.100), 40 m maximal velocity (β = 0.274), and aerobic fitness (β = -0.250, R2 = 0.75, F = 382.2, and p = 0.0001). We conclude that higher age and abdominal adiposity are positively related with a higher adolescent BMI. Furthermore, lower horizontal jump distances and worse times on the 40 m maximal velocity were inversely related with a higher adolescent BMI, and lower aerobic fitness was inversely related with a higher adolescent BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Flores
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - David Magalhães
- Agrupamento de Escolas de Vilela, 4580-651 Paredes, Portugal
| | - Gil Afonso
- Agrupamento de Escolas de Vilela, 4580-651 Paredes, Portugal
| | - Albino Pereira
- Agrupamento de Escolas de Vilela, 4580-651 Paredes, Portugal
| | - Rui Brito Fonseca
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva-Santos
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Teixeira
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Giannini C, Polidori N, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. The bad rainbow of COVID-19 time: effects on glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with obesity and overweight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1694-1702. [PMID: 35778481 PMCID: PMC9263072 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 restriction measurements have enhanced the obesity status in the pediatric population which might further contribute to obesity-related glucose-insulin metabolism alterations. Therefore, we retrospectively compared anthropometric and OGTT data on children with obesity during the 13 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data from 741 children with obesity and overweight were retrieved and clustered into seven groups starting from year 2008-2009 until 2020-2021. Differences in anthropometric measurements and glucose/insulin metabolism were evaluated between the different groups. RESULTS Children with overweight and obesity in the COVID-19 restriction group did not present increased values of SDS-Body Mass Index (BMI). Significantly higher values for Waist Circumference (WC), SDS-WC, Waist/Height ratio (WHtR), and body mass fat were detected in these children (all P < 0.01). Fasting glycaemia, glucose, and insulin excursions were significantly higher compared to pre- pandemic children (all P < 0.01). Insulin resistance was higher while insulin secretion was lower (all P < 0.01) determining a significantly higher percentage of impaired glucose tolerance in the COVID-19 restriction group (P < 0.002). Furthermore, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and SDS for systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly higher (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 restriction measurements determined profound alterations in glucose and insulin metabolism in children with obesity and overweight. Urgent strategies are needed in order to reverse COVID-19 restriction measures' effects on glucose and insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Her ES, Lee S, Yang SJ, Park L, Park MG, Kim SJ, Shin Y. Lower-Income Predicts Increased Smartphone Use and Problematic Behaviors Among Schoolchildren During COVID-19 Related School Modification: A Longitudinal Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e225. [PMID: 35851864 PMCID: PMC9294501 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued for a couple of years, the long-term effects of the pandemic and the subsequent school curriculum modification on the mental health of children and parents need to be investigated. To clarify the changes that can occur during one school year and to predict the risk factors for vulnerable groups, this study identified parameters relative to children's screen time, their problematic behavior, and parental depression. METHODS A total of 186 participants were analyzed who were parents of elementary schoolchildren in South Korea. These parents were required to complete a web-based questionnaire twice. The questionnaires were conducted in June 2020 and September 2021. Participants' general demographics including family income, children's screen time, sleep patterns, problematic behavior, and parental depression were assessed via the parental questionnaire that included various measurement tools. RESULTS Children's body mass index (BMI) increased significantly in 2021 (18.94 ± 3.75 vs. 18.14 ± 3.30, P < 0.001). Smartphone frequency of use per week (5.35 vs. 4.54, P < 0.001) and screen time per day (3.52 vs. 3.16, P < 0.001) significantly increased during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The television screen time (2.88 vs. 3.26, P < 0.001), frequency of viewing (3.77 vs. 4.77, P < 0.001), and children's problematic behaviors significantly decreased (9.15 vs. 11.85, P < 0.001). A lower income household was a key predictor of increased smartphone frequency (B = 1.840, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.923-2.757, P < 0.001) and smartphone screen time (B = 1.992, 95% CI, 1.458-2.525, P < 0.001). The results showed that the lower income household (B = 5.624, 95% CI, 2.927-8.320, P < 0.001) and a child's psychiatric treatment history (B = 7.579, 95% CI, 5.666-9.492, P < 0.001) was the most significant predictor of problematic behaviors of children and parental depression (B = 3.476, 95% CI, 1.628-5.325, P < 0.001; B = 3.138, 95% CI, 1.827-4.450, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggested that children's smartphone screen time and BMI increased during COVID-19 because of the school curriculum modification following school closures in South Korea. The increased children's problematic behaviors and parental depression were predicted by lower-income households and the previous psychiatric history of children. These results indicate that multiple social support systems to the vulnerable group are needed during the ongoing pandemic and that a modified school setting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Her
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sangha Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Institute of Future Convergence, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - LiHae Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Park
- Child & Adolescent Mental Health Welfare Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Yunmi Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Hu J, Liu J, Wang J, Shen M, Ge W, Shen H, Zhang T, Yang H, Yin J. Unfavorable progression of obesity in children and adolescents due to COVID-19 pandemic: A school-based survey in China. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1907-1915. [PMID: 34582110 PMCID: PMC8661564 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Chinese government decisively imposed nationwide confinement in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the progression of obesity in children and adolescents in Changshu, China. METHODS Based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (HPPCA), which is a prospective cross-sectional and school-based study, BMI assessed in seven consecutive years (2014 to 2020) among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Changshu city was extracted. The standardized BMI z scores (zBMI) and prevalence of obesity between 2020 (after COVID-19 home confinement) and the previous 6 years were compared among age-specific subgroups and between sexes. RESULTS The mean number of participants per year was 29,648. The overall mean zBMI drastically increased from 0.29 in 2019 to 0.45 in 2020, resulting in a rise of 0.16 (95% CI: 0.14-0.18); the prevalence of obesity substantially elevated to 12.77% in 2020 (versus 10.38% in 2017), with an acceleration of 2.39% (95% CI: 1.88%-2.90%). Of note, these increases were more likely to be observed in boys and those 6 to 11 years old. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to exacerbate the obesity epidemic among pediatric populations in Changshu, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
- Institute of Child and Adolescent HealthSchool of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingzhu Shen
- Changshu Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Wenxin Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Hui Shen
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Tian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Haibing Yang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
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