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Franzoi IG, Sauta MD, De Luca A, Granieri A. Returning to work after maternity leave: a systematic literature review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01464-y. [PMID: 38575816 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Working women often experience difficulties associated with balancing family and career, particularly if they choose to have children. This systematic literature review aimed at investigating women's experience in returning to work after maternity leave. METHODS The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The literature search led to the identification of 52 articles, which underwent data extraction and qualitative analysis. RESULTS Results were organized in 5 categories: (1) Work-life balance; (2) Women's mental and physical health; (3) Job-related wellbeing and working experience; (4) Breastfeeding. Women's both mental and physical health seem connected to a longer maternity leave and a greater coworkers' and supervisors' support. Returning to work seems to constitute one of the most important barriers for exclusive breastfeeding or breastfeeding continuation. A shorter duration of maternity leave, a higher workload and the lack of occupational policies supporting breastfeeding seem to be hindering factors. Partner and family support, and the opportunity for fathers to work under a flextime system after childbirth seem to increase both breastfeeding initiation and duration. Women who continue breastfeeding after returning to work seem to experience more family-to-work conflict and overload. CONCLUSIONS This paper show that there are still many understudied aspects in exploring women's experience of returning to work after maternity leave. This represents an important gap in the literature, since returning to work represents a particularly critical time in women's personal and occupational life, in which challenges and barriers may arise, potentially affecting their experience in the immediate future and years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Domenica Sauta
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Luca
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Antonella Granieri
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, Turin, 10124, Italy
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Mgongo M, Ickes SB, Leyaro BJ, Mboya IB, Grounds S, Seiger ER, Hashim TH, Conklin JL, Kimani-Murage EW, Martin SL. Early Infant Feeding Practices among Women Engaged in Paid Work in Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100179. [PMID: 38246350 PMCID: PMC10877690 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Around the world, paid work without appropriate structural support is a key barrier to optimal breastfeeding practices. To better protect, promote, and support optimal breastfeeding practices among working women in Africa, this scoping review sought to understand how paid work influences infant feeding practices in the first 6 mo of life and what support women need to manage work and optimal infant feeding practices. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Global Health, and CINAHL Plus, screened 2436 abstracts, and reviewed 322 full-text articles using Covidence for review and charting. We identified 203 articles that met the inclusion criteria. We identified 32 quantitative, 10 qualitative, 3 mixed-methods, and 2 review articles that focused on examining the relationship between work and breastfeeding, and 109 quantitative, 22 qualitative, 21 mixed-methods, and 4 review articles that included work as part of broader breastfeeding research but did not focus on work. Most studies reported a significant negative association between work and exclusive breastfeeding. Three major domains were reported in the qualitative studies: challenges to managing work and infant feeding, receiving support from employers and family members/caregivers, and strategies for feeding infants when the mother is working. Reviewed studies proposed recommendations to increase support for breastfeeding through changes to policies and support within worksites, the health system, and childcare; however, evidence of previously implemented policies or programs is limited. We recommend more consistent definitions and measurement of women's work. Future research is needed on the impact of implementing various strategies and benefits for breastfeeding at workplaces, as well as efforts to support breastfeeding among informal workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mgongo
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community and Global Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania; Better Health for the African Mother and Child, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Scott B Ickes
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Program in Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, William and Mary, WIlliamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Beatrice J Leyaro
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Innocent B Mboya
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Samantha Grounds
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Emily R Seiger
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tamara H Hashim
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Community and Global Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jamie L Conklin
- Health Sciences Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Stephanie L Martin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Ickes SB, Lemein HS, McKay A, Arensen K, Singa B, Kinyua J, Nduati R, Walson J, Denno DM. Mothers' Willingness to Use Workplace Lactation Supports: Evidence from Formally Employed Mothers in Central Kenya. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102032. [PMID: 38130332 PMCID: PMC10733674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Formally employed mothers are vulnerable to early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Kenyan national policy requires employer-provided maternity benefits and workplace lactation supports. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate willingness to use nationally mandated workplace lactation supports among formally employed women in Kenya. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 304 mothers of children ages ≤12 mo in Naivasha, Kenya, who were currently formally employed and employed before delivery of the most recent child to assess availability of and willingness to use current and potential future workplace lactation supports. Results The most available reported workplace lactation supports were schedule flexibility to arrive late or leave early (87.8%) or visit a child to nurse during lunch (24.7%), followed by company-funded community-based daycare (7.6%). Few (<4.0%) reported the availability of lactation rooms, on-site daycares, transportation to breastfeed during lunch, refrigerators for expressed milk, or manual or electric breastmilk pumps. If made available, >80% of mothers reported moderate or strong willingness to use flexible schedules to arrive late or leave early, break during lunch, and transportation to visit a child to nurse. A moderate proportion reported strong willingness to use on-site daycares (63.8%), company-funded community-based daycare (56.9%), on-site lactation rooms (60.5%), refrigeration for expressed milk (49.3%), manual (40.5%), and electric pumps (27.6%). Mothers expressed fear of missing production targets and reported more willingness to use on-site compared with off-site daycare to save transportation time but noted concerns about chemical exposures and early arrival times with young infants. Hesitations regarding the use of on-site lactation rooms included concerns about privacy, milk identification and storage, and use and sharing of pumps. Conclusions Flexible schedules were the workplace lactation supports in highest demand among formally employed mothers. Maternal willingness to use lactation rooms, refrigeration, and pumping equipment was moderate to low, suggesting sensitization may help to increase demand as the implementation of Kenyan policies moves forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Ickes
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, United States
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Hellen Sankaine Lemein
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anna McKay
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, United States
| | - Kelly Arensen
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, United States
| | - Benson Singa
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Joyceline Kinyua
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judd Walson
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Donna M. Denno
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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Ickes SB, Lemein H, Arensen K, Kinyua J, Denno DM, Sanders HK, Walson JL, Martin SL, Nduati R, Palmquist AEL. Perinatal care and breastfeeding education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from Kenyan mothers and healthcare workers. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023; 19:e13500. [PMID: 37208841 PMCID: PMC10483952 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding (BF) practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is not well understood. Modifications in BF guidelines and delivery platforms for breastfeeding education during the COVID-19 pandemic are hypothesised to have affected BF practices. We aimed to understand the experiences with perinatal care, BF education and practice among Kenyan mothers who delivered infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted in-depth key informant interviews with 45 mothers who delivered infants between March 2020 and December 2021, and 26 health care workers (HCW) from four health facilities in Naivasha, Kenya. While mothers noted that HCWs provided quality care and BF counselling, individual BF counselling was cited to be less frequent than before the pandemic due to altered conditions in health facilities and COVID-19 safety protocols. Mothers stated that some HCW messages emphasised the immunologic importance of BF. However, knowledge among mothers about the safety of BF in the context of COVID-19 was limited, with few participants reporting specific counselling or educational materials on topics such as COVID-19 transmission through human milk and the safety of nursing during a COVID-19 infection. Mothers described COVID-19-related income loss and lack of support from family and friends as the major challenge to practising exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) as they wished or planned. COVID-19 restrictions limited or prevented mothers' access to familial support at facilities and at home, causing them stress and fatigue. In some cases, mothers reported job loss, time spent seeking new means of employment and food insecurity as causes for milk insufficiency, which contributed to mixed feeding before 6 months. The COVID-19 pandemic created changes to the perinatal experience for mothers. While messages about the importance of practising EBF were provided, altered HCW education delivery methods, reduced social support and food insecurity limit EBF practices for mothers in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Ickes
- Department of Biological and Health SciencesWheaton CollegeWheatonIllinoisUSA
- Department of Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | | | - Kelly Arensen
- Department of Biological and Health SciencesWheaton CollegeWheatonIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Donna M. Denno
- Department of Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Hannah K. Sanders
- Department of Biological and Health SciencesWheaton CollegeWheatonIllinoisUSA
| | - Judd L. Walson
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Stephanie L. Martin
- Department of Nutrition, Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of NairobiNairobiKenya
| | - Aunchalee E. L. Palmquist
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Bhuyan A, Fernandez A, Faerber JA, Japa I, Alvarez A, Cordero R, Tavarez I, Saballos N, Steenhoff AP. Factors Associated With Initiating Breastfeeding and Continuing it for At Least 4 Months in Consuelo, a Rural Town in the Dominican Republic. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231200207. [PMID: 37746093 PMCID: PMC10515558 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. We assessed the proportion of and factors associated with mothers initiating and continuing breastfeeding (BF) for ≥4 months in a rural town of the Dominican Republic. Methods. A survey was administered to 190 mothers of children cared for at a free clinic in Consuelo. Modified bivariate and multivariable Poisson regressions were utilized in data analysis. Results. BF was initiated in 89.5% of cases and continued ≥4 months in 81.7% of cases. Maternal education beyond secondary school [adjusted RR = 1.13, 95% CI: (1.04-1.24), 0.010], and visiting both public and private antenatal clinics [adjusted RR = 1.25; 95% CI: (1.10-1.37), 0.010] were associated with BF initiation. Public and private antenatal clinic attendance [adjusted RR = 1.01, 95% CI: (0.45-2.23), 0.020], Cesarean section [adjusted RR = 0.81, 95% CI: (0.68-0.98), 0.026], number of biological children [adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: (0.90-1.00), 0.032] and maternal employment [adjusted RR = 0.89, 95% CI: (0.79-0.99), 0.048] were associated with BF continuation. Conclusions. These results provide valuable insights for targeting specific populations in future breastfeeding education interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjalee Bhuyan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anabel Fernandez
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Niños Primeros en Salud and Centro de Salud Divina Providencia, Consuelo, Dominican Republic
| | - Jennifer A. Faerber
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ingrid Japa
- Niños Primeros en Salud and Centro de Salud Divina Providencia, Consuelo, Dominican Republic
- Universidad Central del Este, San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic
| | - Angie Alvarez
- Niños Primeros en Salud and Centro de Salud Divina Providencia, Consuelo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ramona Cordero
- Niños Primeros en Salud and Centro de Salud Divina Providencia, Consuelo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ivelisse Tavarez
- Niños Primeros en Salud and Centro de Salud Divina Providencia, Consuelo, Dominican Republic
| | - Nahara Saballos
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P. Steenhoff
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Niños Primeros en Salud and Centro de Salud Divina Providencia, Consuelo, Dominican Republic
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6
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Ickes SB, Adams JN, Sanders HK, Kinyua J, Lemein HS, Denno DM, Myhre JA, Ithondeka A, Farquhar C, Singa B, Walson JL, Nduati R. Access to Workplace Supports is Positively Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Formally Employed Mothers in Kenya. J Nutr 2023; 152:2888-2897. [PMID: 36040327 PMCID: PMC9839982 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers in low-income settings who work in agricultural employment are challenged to meet breastfeeding (BF) recommendations. Recent legislation in Kenya mandates maternity leave and workplace supports, yet the relation of these benefits with BF practices is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the associations with workplace-provided BF supports and BF practices among formally employed mothers in Kenya. The availability of supports was hypothesized to be associated with a higher prevalence and greater odds of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). METHODS We conducted repeated cross-sectional surveys among formally employed mothers at 1-4 d and 6, 14, and 36 wk (to estimate 24 wk) postpartum in Naivasha, Kenya. We used logistic regression adjusted for maternal age, education, physical burden of work, HIV status, and income to evaluate associations between workplace supports and EBF practices. RESULTS Among formally employed mothers (n = 564), those who used onsite workplace childcare were more likely to practice EBF than those who used community- or home-based childcare at both 6 wk (95.7% compared with 82.4%, P = 0.030) and 14 wk (60.6% compared with 22.2%, P < 0.001; adjusted OR: 5.11; 95% CI: 2.3, 11.7). Likewise, at 14 wk among mothers who currently used daycare centers, a higher proportion of mothers who visited daycare centers at or near workplaces practiced EBF (70.0%) than of those not visiting daycare centers (34.7%, P = 0.005). EBF prevalence was higher among mothers with access to workplace private lactation spaces than among mothers without such spaces (84.6% compared with 55.6%, P = 0.037), and among mothers who lived in workplace housing than those without onsite housing (adjusted OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.41). CONCLUSIONS Formally employed mothers in Kenya who have access to and use workplace-provided BF supports were more likely to practice EBF than mothers who lacked these supports. As the Kenya Health Act is implemented, lactation rooms, onsite housing and daycare, and transportation to visit children can all support BF and EBF among employed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Ickes
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, IL, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J N Adams
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, IL, USA
| | - H K Sanders
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Wheaton College, IL, USA
| | - J Kinyua
- Department of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H S Lemein
- Department of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D M Denno
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Deparment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Childhood Acute Illnesses Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J A Myhre
- Naivasha Sub-County Referral Hospital, Naivasha, Kenya
- Serge, East Africa, Bundibugyo, Uganda
| | - A Ithondeka
- Naivasha Sub-County Referral Hospital, Naivasha, Kenya
| | - C Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Singa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J L Walson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Deparment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Childhood Acute Illnesses Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Nduati
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Yamunaque-Carranza M, Medina-Ramirez SA, Mamani-García CS, Caira-Chuquineyra B, Fernandez-Guzman D, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Bendezu-Quispe G. Factors Associated with Adequate Breastfeeding: Evidence from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey, 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13607. [PMID: 36294187 PMCID: PMC9602776 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the factors associated with adequate breastfeeding (ABF) among Peruvian mothers during 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) database of Peru. ABF was defined based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization, which defined it as starting breastfeeding within the first hour of life and continuing with exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. To determine the factors associated with ABF, a Poisson generalized linear models with log-link function was used. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS A prevalence of ABF of 48.1% was identified among 11,157 women who reported at least one child in the last five years. Most of them were young (68.6%) and lived in urban areas (65.5%). Furthermore, being unemployed (aPR:1.02; 95% CI:1.00-1.04); residing on the coast, except for Metropolitan Lima (aPR:1.08; 95% CI:1.04-1.11), the highlands (aPR:1.14; 95% CI:1.11-1.18), and the jungle (aPR:1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.24); having had a vaginal delivery (aPR:1.30; 95% CI:1.27-1.05); and having two children (aPR:1.03; 95% CI:1.01-1.05) or three or more children (aPR:1.03; 95% CI:1.01-1.05) were associated with a higher frequency of ABF. CONCLUSIONS One out of two women between 18-59 with children performed ABF. The factors associated with ABF were the current occupation, region of residence, type of delivery, and parity. Health policies and strategies should be implemented, considering our results, to promote maternal counseling by health personnel in order to increase the prevalence of ABF in the Peruvian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Yamunaque-Carranza
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Veritas (SCIEMVE), Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Sebastian A. Medina-Ramirez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15464, Peru
| | - Carlos S. Mamani-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Agustinos (SOCIEMA), Arequipa 04001, Peru
| | - Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Agustinos (SOCIEMA), Arequipa 04001, Peru
- Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15074, Peru
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Guzman
- Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15074, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08000, Peru
| | - Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Lima 15067, Peru
| | - Guido Bendezu-Quispe
- Centro de Investigación Epidemiológica en Salud Global, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
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8
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Chen S, Li L, Sun Q, Chen S, Cheng J, Xiong S. Effect of IMB Model Combined with Spousal Support Breastfeeding Intervention on PBSES Score and Breastfeeding Rate of Primipara with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9661408. [PMID: 36158886 PMCID: PMC9499791 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9661408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the effects of the info-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model combined with spousal support breastfeeding intervention on breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) scores and breastfeeding rate of primiparas with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Seventy-four first-term pregnant women and 74 of their spouses were selected as the traditional control group by the convenience sampling method from July to September 2021 in obstetrics department of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital. 74 pregnant women with their first child and 74 spouses who had their first child checked during October to December 2021 were classified as the IMB model group. The traditional control group was applied with conventional intervention management mode, and the IMB model group was applied with intervention management mode based on IMB theory on the basis of the traditional control group. The self-efficacy scores of breastfeeding before and after intervention during pregnancy and during hospitalization were compared between the two groups, and the self-efficacy scores of paternal support for breastfeeding were compared. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants within 6 months and the maternal breastfeeding knowledge level of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy score and feeding knowledge level was analyzed. Results After pregnancy intervention, PBSES and FBSES-SF scores were significantly increased in both groups, and scores of scales in the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group (all P < 0.05). The BSES-SF and FBSES-SF scores of the IMB model group increased significantly than the traditional control group at 3 days after delivery and at discharge (P < 0.05), and the scores of each scale at discharge in both groups increased significantly than those at 3 days after delivery (P < 0.05). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the IMB model group was 94.59% (70/74), and that in the traditional control group was 78.38% (58/74). There was a significant difference (χ2 = 8.325, P = 0.004). At discharge, the score of maternal breastfeeding knowledge increased significantly in both groups, and the score of the IMB model group increased significantly than that of the traditional control group (all P < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between PBSES score, FBSES-SF score, and maternal feeding knowledge level, which showed positive correlation (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The self-efficacy of prenatal breastfeeding in pregnant women with HBV is low, and the application of the IMB model combined with the intervention mode of spy-supported breastfeeding has positive effects on the improvement of maternal breastfeeding efficiency, breastfeeding health knowledge level, and postpartum breastfeeding rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Chen
- Obstetrics Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- Obstetrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Linxian Li
- Obstetrics Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- Obstetrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- Obstetrics Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- Obstetrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Shulan Chen
- Obstetrics Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- Obstetrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Obstetrics Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- Obstetrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Obstetrics Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
- Obstetrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
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9
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Fang Y, Lian Y, Yang Z, Duan Y, He Y. Associations between Feeding Patterns and Infant Health in China: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:4518. [PMID: 34960071 PMCID: PMC8706916 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastmilk is the optimal food for infants. Feeding pattern is closely related to physical development and health during infancy. Understanding the associations between feeding patterns and health status can inform related policy interventions and advocacy in China. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between infant feeding patterns and health status in China infants. The China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2013 was a national-representative cross-sectional study performed particularly for children aged 0-5 years. A total of 3974 infants aged under 1 year were included in the analysis, of whom 1082 (27.2%) made up the formula feeding group, and 2892 (72.8%) made up the breastfeeding group. The associations between feeding patterns and physical development and health were investigated using propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models. Among breastfeeding and formula feeding infants aged 9-11 months old, weight-for-age z score was 1.1 ± 1.1 and 0.9 ± 1.3, respectively, and weight-for-length z score was 1.0 ± 1.3 and 0.7 ± 1.4, respectively. Hemoglobin in 0-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-11 months old breastfeeding infants was 121.4 ± 15.2 g/L, 117.1 ± 13.0 g/L, 113. 9 ± 11.9 g/L, and 114.4 ± 14.0 g/L, while in 0-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-11 months formula feeding infants was 116.3 ± 14.8 g/L, 120.4 ± 11.3 g/L, 119.8 ± 11.2 g/L, and 120.0 ± 11.5 g/L, respectively. Breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of respiratory disease (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.99) and diarrhea (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.98). Breastfeeding could slightly improve infant physical development, and had a protective effect on the diarrheal and respiratory diseases. Infants aged 3-11 months who were breastfeeding showed lower hemoglobin than that of formula-fed infants and thus should increase intake of iron rich complementary foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuna He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.F.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.D.)
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10
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Ickes SB, Sanders H, Denno DM, Myhre JA, Kinyua J, Singa B, Lemein HS, Iannotti LL, Farquhar C, Walson JL, Nduati R. Exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in Kenya: Perspectives from women, families and employers. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13194. [PMID: 33949782 PMCID: PMC8476403 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life improves survival, growth and development. In Kenya, recent legislation and policies advocate for maternity leave and workplace support for breastfeeding and breast milk expression. We conducted a qualitative study to describe factors influencing EBF for 6 months among mothers employed in commercial agriculture and tourism. We interviewed employed mothers (n = 42), alternate caregivers and employed mothers' husbands (n = 20), healthcare providers (n = 21), daycare directors (n = 22) and commercial flower farm and hotel managers (n = 16) in Naivasha, Kenya. Despite recognizing the recommended duration for EBF, employed mothers describe the early cessation of EBF in preparation for their return to work. Managers reported supporting mothers through flexible work hours and duties. Yet, few workplaces have lactation spaces, and most considered adjusting schedules more feasible than breastfeeding during work. Managers and healthcare providers believed milk expression could prolong EBF but thought mothers lack experience with pumping. The most frequently suggested interventions for improving EBF duration were to expand schedule flexibility (100% of groups), provide on-site daycare (80% of groups) and workplace lactation rooms (60% of groups), improve milk expression education and increase maternity leave length (60% of groups). Returning to work corresponds with numerous challenges including lack of proximate or on-site childcare and low support for and experience with milk expression. These factors currently make EBF for 6 months unattainable for most mothers in these industries. Interventions and supports to improve breastfeeding upon return to work are recommended to strengthen employed mothers' opportunity for EBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Ickes
- Department of Applied Health ScienceWheaton CollegeWheatonIllinoisUSA
- Department of Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Hannah Sanders
- Department of Applied Health ScienceWheaton CollegeWheatonIllinoisUSA
| | - Donna M. Denno
- Department of Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Childhood Acute Illnesses Network (CHAIN)NairobiKenya
| | - Jennifer A. Myhre
- Naivasha Sub‐County Referral Hospital, Serge East AfricaNaivashaKenya
| | | | | | | | - Lora L. Iannotti
- Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Judd L. Walson
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Childhood Acute Illnesses Network (CHAIN)NairobiKenya
- Departments of Medicine (Allergy and Infectious Disease) and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of NairobiNairobiKenya
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