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Cominacini M, Fumaneri A, Ballerini L, Braggio M, Valenti MT, Dalle Carbonare L. Unraveling the Connection: Visceral Adipose Tissue and Vitamin D Levels in Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4259. [PMID: 37836543 PMCID: PMC10574699 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are widespread on a global scale, with multiple factors playing a role in their development, such as limited exposure to sunlight, inadequate dietary consumption, as well as obesity and abdominal fat accumulation. Abdominal obesity, assessed with waist circumference (WC), is associated with metabolic syndrome and has been linked to low vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and vitamin D levels, particularly examining the potential threshold for vitamin D storage and sequestration using adipose tissue. The study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 with 58 patients from an internal medicine outpatient department. Patients with certain medical conditions and those taking medications affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months of monthly cholecalciferol supplementation. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate adipose tissue measurements, including subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, VAT, preperitoneal adipose tissue (PPAT), and prerenal adipose tissue (PRAT). Anthropometric measures such as the waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were also assessed. The results showed that all subjects had significant hypovitaminosis D at baseline. After 6 months of supplementation, the mean increase in vitamin D levels was 9.6 ng/mL, with 55.2% of subjects becoming deficient. The study revealed a significant correlation between follow-up vitamin D levels and waist circumference, hip circumference, and VAT. VAT exhibited a strong correlation not only with vitamin D levels but also with waist circumference. When analyzing gender differences, males showed a higher weight and waist-to-hip ratio, while females had higher body adiposity indexes and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements. In conclusion, this study highlights the relationship between VAT and vitamin D levels, emphasizing the potential role of adipose tissue in vitamin D availability. Waist circumference was identified as a surrogate measure for VAT evaluation. Furthermore, the study showed variations in vitamin D response to supplementation between genders, with a higher percentage of males reaching normal vitamin D levels. Predictive factors for vitamin D levels differed between genders, with waist circumference being a significant predictor in males and body adiposity index in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cominacini
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Alessia Fumaneri
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Linda Ballerini
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Michele Braggio
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (L.D.C.)
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Webel AR, Davey CH, Oliveira V, Cleveland D, Crane HM, Gripshover BM, Long DM, Fleming JG, Buford TW, Willig AL. Physical activity is associated with adiposity in older adults with HIV in the modern HIV era. AIDS 2023; 37:1819-1826. [PMID: 37382891 PMCID: PMC10527629 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People with HIV (PWH) are aging and are experiencing higher rates of abdominal adiposity. Physical activity is an effective nonpharmacological strategy to reduce adiposity in the general aging population. Yet, the relationship between physical activity and adiposity in people with well controlled HIV is unclear. Our objective was to describe the association between objectively-measured physical activity and abdominal adiposity in PWH. METHODS As part of the multisite, observational PROSPER-HIV study, virologically suppressed, adult PWH wore an Actigraph accelerometer for 7-10 days and completed duplicate waist and hip circumference measures. Demographic and medical characteristics were abstracted from the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems dataset. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. RESULTS On average, our 419 PWH were 58 years of age [interquartile range (IQR): 50, 64], male (77%), Black (54%), and currently taking an integrase inhibitor (78%). PWH completed a mean of 7.06 (±2.74) days of total actigraphy wear time. They took an average of 4905 (3233, 7140) steps per day and engaged in 5.4 h of sedentary time per day. Controlling for age, sex, employment and integrase inhibitor use, the number of steps taken per day was associated with reduced abdominal adiposity ( F = 3.27; P < 0.001) and the hours of daily sedentary time was associated with increased abdominal adiposity ( F = 3.24; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Greater physical activity is associated with reduced abdominal adiposity in aging PWH. Future work should investigate how to tailor the amount, type and intensity of physical activity needed to reduce adiposity in PWH taking contemporary HIV medication. REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03790501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Webel
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Vitor Oliveira
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dave Cleveland
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Heidi M Crane
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Dustin M Long
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Thomas W Buford
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amanda L Willig
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Sheng C, Liu T, Chen S, Liao M, Yang P. The neglected association between central obesity markers and abdominal aortic aneurysm presence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1044560. [PMID: 36844737 PMCID: PMC9947524 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1044560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To review the association between central obesity and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Materials and methods The PubMed, Web of Sciences, Embase, The China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Cochrane Library were searched up to April 30, 2022. Researches includes investigation of the relationship between central obesity markers and AAA. Included studies must use recognized measures of central obesity, i.e., waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or use imaging techniques to calculate abdominal fat distribution, such as computed tomography (CT) imaging. Results Eleven clinical researches were identified of which eight discussed the association between physical examination and AAA, and three studies mainly focused on abdominal fat volume (AFV). Seven researches concluded that there was a positive correlation between markers of central obesity and AAA. Three studies found no significant link between markers of central obesity and AAA. One of the remaining studies reported different results for each sex. Three studies pooled in a meta-analysis identified correlation between central obesity and AAA presence (RR = 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.46). Conclusion Central obesity plays a role in the risk of AAA. Standardized central obesity markers may be predictors of AAA. However, there was no association between abdominal fat volume and AAA. Additional relevant evidence and specific mechanisms warrant further study. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?IDCRD42022332519, identifier CRD42022332519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tinghua Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingmei Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingmei Liao,
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Pu Yang,
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Su KJ, Chen XY, Gong R, Zhao Q, Hu SD, Feng MC, Li Y, Lin X, Zhang YH, Greenbaum J, Tian Q, Shen H, Xiao HM, Shen J, Deng HW. Systematic metabolomic studies identified adult adiposity biomarkers with acetylglycine associated with fat loss in vivo. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1166333. [PMID: 37122566 PMCID: PMC10141311 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1166333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with various adverse health outcomes. Body fat (BF) distribution is recognized as an important factor of negative health consequences of obesity. Although metabolomics studies, mainly focused on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, have explored the biological mechanisms involved in the development of obesity, these proxy composite measures are not accurate and cannot reflect BF distribution, and thus may hinder accurate assessment of metabolic alterations and differential risk of metabolic disorders among individuals presenting adiposity differently throughout the body. Thus, the exact relations between metabolites and BF remain to be elucidated. Here, we aim to examine the associations of metabolites and metabolic pathways with BF traits which reflect BF distribution. We performed systematic untargeted serum metabolite profiling and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole body fat scan for 517 Chinese women. We jointly analyzed DXA-derived four BF phenotypes to detect cross-phenotype metabolite associations and to prioritize important metabolomic factors. Topology-based pathway analysis was used to identify important BF-related biological processes. Finally, we explored the relationships of the identified BF-related candidate metabolites with BF traits in different sex and ethnicity through two independent cohorts. Acetylglycine, the top distinguished finding, was validated for its obesity resistance effect through in vivo studies of various diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Eighteen metabolites and fourteen pathways were discovered to be associated with BF phenotypes. Six of the metabolites were validated in varying sex and ethnicity. The obesity-resistant effects of acetylglycine were observed to be highly robust and generalizable in both human and DIO mice. These findings demonstrate the importance of metabolites associated with BF distribution patterns and several biological pathways that may contribute to obesity and obesity-related disease etiology, prevention, and intervention. Acetylglycine is highlighted as a potential therapeutic candidate for preventing excessive adiposity in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Jui Su
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xing-Ying Chen
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Cadre Ward Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shi-Di Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Chen Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hua Zhang
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Qing Tian
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center of System Biology, Data Information and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Wen Deng, ; Jie Shen,
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hong-Wen Deng, ; Jie Shen,
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Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245400. [PMID: 36558558 PMCID: PMC9785709 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is linked with an increased risk of falls, osteoporosis and mortality and is an increasing problem for healthcare systems. No satisfying biomarkers for sarcopenia diagnosis exist, connecting bone, fat and muscle. Matrix-GLA-protein (MGP) is an adipokine that regulates bone metabolism and is associated with decreased muscle strength. Associations of dp-ucMGP were analyzed in the BioPersMed cohort (58 ± 9 years), including 1022 asymptomatic subjects at moderate cardiovascular risk. Serum measurements of dp-ucMGP in 760 persons were performed with the InaKtif MGP Kit with the IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated System. DXA data (792 persons) measured with the Lunar iDXA system and physical performance data (786 persons) were available. Dp-ucMGP plasma levels correlate with sarcopenia parameters like gait speed (ρ = −0.192, p < 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ρ = 0.102, p = 0.005) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ρ = 0.112, p = 0.001). They are lower in persons with sarcopenia (p < 0.001) and higher in persons with reduced physical performance (p = 0.019). Persons in the lowest dp-ucMGP quartile have the highest risk for reduced muscle mass, decreasing with each quartile, whereas persons in the highest quartile have the highest risk of reduced muscle strength. Dp-ucMGP might be a good biomarker candidate in sarcopenia characterization.
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Chaplin A, Rodriguez RM, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Ochogavía-Seguí A, Romaguera D, Barceló-Coblijn G. Insights behind the Relationship between Colorectal Cancer and Obesity: Is Visceral Adipose Tissue the Missing Link? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13128. [PMID: 36361914 PMCID: PMC9655590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem worldwide, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 915,880 deaths in 2020 alone. The etiology of CRC is complex and involves both genetic and lifestyle factors. Obesity is a major risk factor for CRC, and the mechanisms underlying this link are still unclear. However, the generalized inflammatory state of adipose tissue in obesity is thought to play a role in the association between CRC risk and development. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a major source of proinflammatory cytokines and other factors that contribute to the characteristic systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity. VAT is also closely associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME), and recent evidence suggests that adipocytes within the TME undergo phenotypic changes that contribute to tumor progression. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence linking obesity and CRC, with a focus on the role of VAT in tumor etiology and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chaplin
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Maria Rodriguez
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Juan José Segura-Sampedro
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain
- General & Digestive Surgery Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Aina Ochogavía-Seguí
- General & Digestive Surgery Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain
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Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:9682032. [PMID: 36061633 PMCID: PMC9433267 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9682032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Preliminary data suggest that patients with comorbidities are more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. However, data regarding the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with COVID-19 are scarce. Aim In the present study, we aim to investigate the association between MetS components and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of 90 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at a tertiary hospital. The study population consisted of inpatients who tested positive by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Patients with critical COVID-19 disease on admission were excluded. Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were used to define MetS. Laboratory analysis and thorax CT were performed on admission. Results 90 patients, 60 moderate and 30 severe COVID-19 patients, included in the study. The percentage of MetS cases was higher among severe COVID-19 patients (p=0.018). Of the MetS criteria fasting blood glucose (p=0.004), triglycerides (p=0.007) were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 disease with no statistical significance found in waist circumference (WC) (p=0.348), systolic blood pressure (p=0.429), and HDL-C levels (p=0.263) between two groups. Body mass index (BMI) values were similar in both severe and moderate cases (p=0.854). In logistic regression analysis, serum triglycerides (p=0.024), HDL-C (p=0.006), and WC (p=0.004) were found as independent prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Severe COVID-19 patients have higher rates of MetS. Serum triglycerides, HDL-C, and WC have an impact on disease severity in COVID-19.
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