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Luben TJ, Wilkie AA, Krajewski AK, Njie F, Park K, Zelasky S, Rappazzo KM. Short-term exposure to air pollution and infant mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165522. [PMID: 37459995 PMCID: PMC11094744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Infant mortality is a widely reported indicator of population health and a leading public health concern. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we review the available literature for epidemiologic evidence of the association between short-term air pollution exposure and infant mortality. METHODS Relevant publications were identified through PubMed and Web of Science databases using comprehensive search terms and screened using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We extracted data from included studies and applied a systematic rubric for evaluating study quality across domains including participant selection, outcome, exposure, confounding, analysis, selective reporting, sensitivity, and overall quality. We performed meta-analyses, using both fixed and random-effect methods, and estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CI) for pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), coarse particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO)) and infant mortality, neonatal mortality, or postneonatal mortality. RESULTS Our search returned 549 studies. We excluded 490 studies in the abstract screening phase and an additional 37 studies in the full text screening phase, leaving 22 studies for inclusion. Among these 22 studies, 14 included effect estimates for PM10, 13 for O3, 11 for both NO2 and CO, 8 for SO2, and 3 for PM2.5. We did not calculate a pooled OR for PM2.5 due to the limited number of studies available and demonstrated heterogeneity in the effect estimates. The pooled ORs (95%CI) with the greatest magnitudes were for a 10-ppb increase in SO2 or NO2 concentration in the days before death (1.07 [95%CI: 1.02, 1.12], 1.04 [95%CI: 1.01, 1.08], respectively). The pooled OR for PM10 was 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.03), and the pooled ORs for CO and O3 were 1.01 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.02) and 0.99 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.01). CONCLUSIONS Increased exposure to SO2, NO2, PM10, or CO is associated with infant mortality across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Luben
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, RTP, NC, USA.
| | - Adrien A Wilkie
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Alison K Krajewski
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Fanny Njie
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Park
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Zelasky
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Kristen M Rappazzo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, RTP, NC, USA
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Bayo Jimenez MT, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Münzel T. Noise, Air, and Heavy Metal Pollution as Risk Factors for Endothelial Dysfunction. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e09. [PMID: 37377448 PMCID: PMC10291605 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2022.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, large epidemiological studies have shown that the physical environment, including noise, air pollution or heavy metals, have a considerable impact on human health. It is known that the most common cardiovascular risk factors are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation, and platelet activity are some of the most essential functions regulated by the endothelium that suffer negative effects as a consequence of environmental pollution, causing endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors in connection to endothelial function. On a mechanistic level, a significant number of studies suggest the involvement of endothelial dysfunction to fundamentally drive the adverse endothelium health effects of the different pollutants. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the negative effects on the endothelium, with a focus on air, noise, and heavy metal pollution. This in-depth review on endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of the physical environment aims to contribute to the associated research needs by evaluating current findings from human and animal studies. From a public health perspective, these findings may also help to reinforce efforts promoting the research for adequate promising biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases since endothelial function is considered a hallmark of environmental stressor health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-MainMainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR)Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-MainMainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-MainMainz, Germany
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Shahriar MH, Chowdhury MAH, Ahmed S, Eunus M, Kader SB, Begum BA, Islam T, Sarwar G, Al Shams R, Raqib R, Alam DS, Parvez F, Ahsan H, Yunus M. Exposure to household air pollutants and endothelial dysfunction in rural Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e132. [PMID: 33870008 PMCID: PMC8043736 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
More than one third of world's population use biomass fuel for cooking that has been linked to an array of adverse health hazards including cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. As part of Bangladesh Global Environmental and Occupational Health (GEO Health) project, we assessed whether household air pollution (HAP) was associated with dysfunction in microvascular circulation (measured by reactive hyperemia index [RHI]). METHODS We measured exposure to HAP (particulate matter [PM2.5], carbon monoxide [CO], and black carbon [BC]) for 48 hours of 200 healthy nonsmoker adult females who used biomass fuel for cooking. Exposure to PM2.5 and BC were measured using personal monitor, RTI MicroPEM (RTI International, NC) with an internal filter that had been both pre- and post-weighed to capture the deposited pollutants concentration. Lascar CO logger was used to measure CO. Endothelial function was measured by forearm blood flow dilatation response to brachial artery occlusion using RHI based on peripheral artery tonometry. A low RHI score (<1.67) indicates impaired endothelial function. RESULTS Average 48 hours personal exposure to PM2.5 and BC were 144.15 μg/m3 (SD 61.26) and 6.35 μg/m3 (SD 2.18), respectively. Interquartile range for CO was 0.73 ppm (0.62-1.35 ppm). Mean logarithm of RHI (LnRHI) was 0.57 in current data. No statistically significant association was observed for LnRHI with PM2.5 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92, 1.01; P = 0.16), BC (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.72, 1.01; P = 0.07), and CO (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.64, 1.25; P = 0.53) after adjusting for potential covariates. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, HAP was not associated with endothelial dysfunction among nonsmoking females in rural Bangladesh who used biomass fuel for cooking for years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Shahriar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ashique Haider Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shyfuddin Ahmed
- icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dewan S. Alam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Riggs DW, Yeager R, Conklin DJ, DeJarnett N, Keith RJ, DeFilippis AP, Rai SN, Bhatnagar A. Residential proximity to greenness mitigates the hemodynamic effects of ambient air pollution. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1102-H1111. [PMID: 33416460 PMCID: PMC8294702 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00689.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Residential proximity to greenness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of greenness are linked to a reduction in the effects of ambient air pollutants. We measured arterial stiffness in 73 participants with moderate to high CVD risk. Average levels of ambient PM2.5 and ozone were calculated from local monitoring stations. Residential greenness was estimated using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 200-m and 1-km radius around each participant's home. Participants were 51% female, average age of 52 yr, and 79% had diagnosed hypertension. In multiple linear regression models, residential NDVI was negatively associated with augmentation index (-3.8% per 0.1 NDVI). Ambient levels of PM2.5 [per interquartile range (IQR) of 6.9 μg/m3] were positively associated with augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), pulse pressure (5.9 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (8.1 mmHg). Ozone (per IQR of 0.03 ppm) was positively associated with augmentation index (5.5%), augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (10 mmHg). In areas of low greenness, both PM2.5 and ozone were positively associated with pulse pressure. Additionally, ozone was positively associated with augmentation pressure and systolic blood pressure. However, in areas of high greenness, there was no significant association between indices of arterial stiffness with either PM2.5 or ozone. Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower values of arterial stiffness. Residential greenness may mitigate the adverse effects of PM2.5 and ozone on arterial stiffness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies have linked proximity to green spaces with lower cardiovascular disease risk. However, the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of green areas are not known. In our study of participants at risk of cardiovascular disease, we found that arterial stiffness was positively associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and ozone and inversely associated with greenness. The association between pollution and arterial stiffness was attenuated in areas of high greenness, suggesting that living green neighborhoods can lessen the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ray Yeager
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Natasha DeJarnett
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Bugge MD, Ulvestad B, Berlinger B, Stockfelt L, Olsen R, Ellingsen DG. Reactive hyperemia and baseline pulse amplitude among smelter workers exposed to fine and ultrafine particles. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:399-407. [PMID: 31773255 PMCID: PMC7078172 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ambient exposure to fine particles is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Associations between occupational particulate matter (PM) exposure and cardiovascular disease have been studied less. The objective of this study was to examine associations between PM exposure and endothelial function among workers in Norwegian smelters. Methods We examined endothelial function with Endo-PAT equipment after a working day (WD) and on a day off (DO) in 59 furnace workers recruited from three metal smelters in Norway. The difference in baseline pulse amplitude (BPA) and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) between the 2 days was analysed in relation to individual exposure to PM < 250 nm (PM250) or the respirable aerosol fraction of particles, and adjusted for relevant covariates. Results The exposure to PM250 ranged from 0.004 to 5.7 mg/m3. The mean BPA was significantly higher on WD relative to DO (772 vs. 535, p = 0.001). This difference was associated with PM concentrations among participants ≥ 34 years, but not among the younger workers. Reactive hyperemia was significantly lower on workdays relative to days off (1.70 vs. 1.84, p = 0.05). This difference was observed only among participants above the age 34. No associations with PM exposure were observed. Conclusions PM exposure was associated with higher BPA among participants older than 34 years. BPA reflects microvessel pulsatility. Our results may indicate an age-dependent cardiovascular susceptibility to PM exposure. Endothelial function measured by RHI was reduced on WD among participants 34 years and older, but we found no associations between PM exposure and RHI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Ulvestad
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Berlinger
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Stockfelt
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Olsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - D G Ellingsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Jhun I, Kim J, Cho B, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Zanobetti A, Rice MB, Mittleman MA, Garshick E, Vokonas P, Bind MA, Wilker EH, Dominici F, Suh H, Koutrakis P. Synthesis of Harvard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Center studies on traffic-related particulate pollution and cardiovascular outcomes in the Greater Boston Area. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:900-917. [PMID: 30888266 PMCID: PMC6650311 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1596994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The association between particulate pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well established. While the cardiovascular effects of nationally regulated criteria pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide) have been well documented, there are fewer studies on particulate pollutants that are more specific for traffic, such as black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN). In this paper, we synthesized studies conducted in the Greater Boston Area on cardiovascular health effects of traffic exposure, specifically defined by BC or PN exposure or proximity to major roadways. Large cohort studies demonstrate that exposure to traffic-related particles adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation and pro-thrombotic activity, and elevate the risk of hypertension and ischemic stroke. Key patterns emerged when directly comparing studies with overlapping exposure metrics and population cohorts. Most notably, cardiovascular risk estimates of PN and BC exposures were larger in magnitude or more often statistically significant compared to those of PM2.5 exposures. Across multiple exposure metrics (e.g., short-term vs. long-term; observed vs. modeled) and different population cohorts (e.g., elderly, individuals with co-morbidities, young healthy individuals), there is compelling evidence that BC and PN represent traffic-related particles that are especially harmful to cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to validate these findings in other geographic locations, characterize exposure errors associated with using monitored and modeled traffic pollutant levels, and elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of traffic-related particulate pollutants. Implications: Traffic emissions are an important source of particles harmful to cardiovascular health. Traffic-related particles, specifically BC and PN, adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic inflammation and thrombotic activity, elevate BP, and increase the risk of ischemic stroke. There is evidence that BC and PN are associated with greater cardiovascular risk compared to PM2.5. Further research is needed to elucidate other health effects of traffic-related particles and assess the feasibility of regulating BC and PN or their regional and local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Jhun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary B. Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-Abele Bind
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Science Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elissa H. Wilker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Helen Suh
- Tufts University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Medford, MA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Kirrane EF, Luben TJ, Benson A, Owens EO, Sacks JD, Dutton SJ, Madden M, Nichols JL. A systematic review of cardiovascular responses associated with ambient black carbon and fine particulate matter. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:305-316. [PMID: 30953813 PMCID: PMC8517909 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), an ambient air pollutant with mass-based standards promulgated under the Clean Air Act, and black carbon (BC), a common component of PM2.5, are both associated with cardiovascular health effects. OBJECTIVES To elucidate whether BC is associated with distinct, or stronger, cardiovascular responses compared to PM2.5, we conducted a systematic review. We evaluated the associations of short- and long-term BC, or the related component elemental carbon (EC), with cardiovascular endpoints including heart rate variability, heart rhythm, blood pressure and vascular function, ST segment depression, repolarization abnormalities, atherosclerosis and heart function, in the context of what is already known about PM2.5. DATA SOURCES We conducted a stepwise systematic literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science and TOXLINE databases and applied Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting our results. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies reporting effect estimates for the association of quantitative measurements of ambient BC (or EC) and PM2.5, with relevant cardiovascular endpoints (i.e. meeting inclusion criteria) were included in the review. Included studies were evaluated for risk of bias in study design and results. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Risk of bias evaluations assessed aspects of internal validity of study findings based on study design, conduct, and reporting to identify potential issues related to confounding or other biases. Study results are presented to facilitate comparison of the consistency of associations with PM2.5 and BC within and across studies. RESULTS Our results demonstrate similar associations for BC (or EC) and PM2.5 with the cardiovascular endpoints examined. Across studies, associations for BC and PM2.5 varied in their magnitude and precision, and confidence intervals were generally overlapping within studies. Where differences in the magnitude of the association between BC or EC and PM2.5 within a study could be discerned, no consistent pattern across the studies examined was apparent. LIMITATIONS We were unable to assess the independence of the effect of BC, relative the effect of PM2.5, on the cardiovascular system, nor was information available to understand the impact of differential exposure misclassification. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the evidence indicates that both BC (or EC) and PM2.5 are associated with cardiovascular effects but the available evidence is not sufficient to distinguish the effect of BC (or EC) from that of PM2.5 mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Kirrane
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - T J Luben
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A Benson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - E O Owens
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J D Sacks
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S J Dutton
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M Madden
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Economics Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J L Nichols
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Li W, Dorans KS, Wilker EH, Rice MB, Ljungman PL, Schwartz JD, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Gold DR, Keaney JF, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Mittleman MA. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and circulating biomarkers of endothelial cell activation: The Framingham Heart Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:36-43. [PMID: 30654247 PMCID: PMC6478022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular events, potentially by promoting endothelial cell activation and inflammation. A few large-scale studies have examined the associations and have had mixed results. METHODS We included 3820 non-current smoking participants (mean age 56 years, 54% women) from the Framingham Offspring cohort examinations 7 (1998-2001) and 8 (2005-2008), and Third Generation cohort examination 1 (2002-2005), who lived within 50 km of a central monitoring station. We calculated the 1- to 7-day moving averages of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ozone before examination visits. We used linear mixed effect models for P-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and mass, and osteoprotegerin that were measured up to twice, and linear regression models for CD40 ligand and interleukin-18 that were measured once, adjusting for demographics, life style and clinical factors, socioeconomic position, time, and meteorology. RESULTS We found negative associations of PM2.5 and BC with P-selectin, of ozone with MCP-1, and of SO42- and NOx with osteoprotegerin. At the 5-day moving average, a 5 µg/m3 higher PM2.5 was associated with 1.6% (95% CI: - 2.8, - 0.3) lower levels of P-selectin; a 10 ppb higher ozone was associated with 1.7% (95% CI: - 3.2, - 0.1) lower levels of MCP-1; and a 20 ppb higher NOx was associated with 2.0% (95% CI: - 3.6, - 0.4) lower levels of osteoprotegerin. CONCLUSIONS We did not find evidence of positive associations between short-term air pollution exposure and endothelial cell activation. On the contrary, short-term exposure to higher levels of ambient pollutants were associated with lower levels of P-selectin, MCP-1, and osteoprotegerin in the Framingham Heart Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Li
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirsten S Dorans
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary B Rice
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Petter L Ljungman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Brent A Coull
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Diane R Gold
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John F Keaney
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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9
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Ljungman PLS, Li W, Rice MB, Wilker EH, Schwartz J, Gold DR, Koutrakis P, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Mitchell GF, Hamburg NM, Mittleman MA. Long- and short-term air pollution exposure and measures of arterial stiffness in the Framingham Heart Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:139-147. [PMID: 30205320 PMCID: PMC6221919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of air pollution exposure and arterial stiffness have reported inconsistent results and large studies employing the reference standard of arterial stiffness, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (CFPWV), have not been conducted. AIM To study long-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5), proximity to roadway, and short-term air pollution exposures in relation to multiple measures of arterial stiffness in the Framingham Heart Study. METHODS We assessed central arterial stiffness using CFPWV, forward pressure wave amplitude, mean arterial pressure and augmentation index. We investigated long-and short-term air pollution exposure associations with arterial stiffness with linear regressions using long-term residential PM2.5 (2003 average from a spatiotemporal model using satellite data) and proximity to roadway in addition to short-term averages of PM2.5, black carbon, particle number, sulfate, nitrogen oxides, and ozone from stationary monitors. RESULTS We examined 5842 participants (mean age 51 ± 16, 54% women). Living closer to a major roadway was associated with higher arterial stiffness (0.11 m/s higher CFPWV [95% CI: 0.01, 0.22] living <50 m vs 400 ≤ 1000 m). We did not observe association between arterial stiffness measures and long-term PM2.5 or short-term levels of PM2.5, particle number, sulfate or ozone. Higher levels of black carbon and nitrogen oxides in the previous days were unexpectedly associated with lower arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was not associated with arterial stiffness but positive associations with living close to a major road may suggest that pollutant mixtures very nearby major roads, rather than PM2.5, may affect arterial stiffness. Furthermore, short-term air pollution exposures were not associated with higher arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter L S Ljungman
- Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary B Rice
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA, USA; Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA, USA; Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | | | - Naomi M Hamburg
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA, USA; Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Li W, Dorans KS, Wilker EH, Rice MB, Kloog I, Schwartz JD, Koutrakis P, Coull BA, Gold DR, Meigs JB, Fox CS, Mittleman MA. Ambient air pollution, adipokines, and glucose homeostasis: The Framingham Heart Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:14-22. [PMID: 29161632 PMCID: PMC5800943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of proximity to major roadways, sustained exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and acute exposure to ambient air pollutants with adipokines and measures of glucose homeostasis among participants living in the northeastern United States. METHODS We included 5958 participants from the Framingham Offspring cohort examination cycle 7 (1998-2001) and 8 (2005-2008) and Third Generation cohort examination cycle 1 (2002-2005) and 2 (2008-2011), who did not have type 2 diabetes at the time of examination visit. We calculated 2003 annual average PM2.5 at participants' home address, residential distance to the nearest major roadway, and daily PM2.5, black carbon (BC), sulfate, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ozone concentrations. We used linear mixed effects models for fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) which were measured up to twice, and used linear regression models for adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) which were measured only once, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic position, lifestyle, time, and seasonality. RESULTS The mean age was 51years and 55% were women. Participants who lived 64m (25th percentile) from a major roadway had 0.28% (95% CI: 0.05%, 0.51%) higher fasting plasma glucose than participants who lived 413m (75th percentile) away, and the association appeared to be driven by participants who lived within 50m from a major roadway. Higher exposures to 3- to 7-day moving averages of BC and NOx were associated with higher glucose whereas the associations for ozone were negative. The associations otherwise were generally null and did not differ by median age, sex, educational attainment, obesity status, or prediabetes status. CONCLUSIONS Living closer to a major roadway or acute exposure to traffic-related air pollutants were associated with dysregulated glucose homeostasis but not with adipokines among participants from the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirsten S Dorans
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary B Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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11
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Provost EB, Int Panis L, Saenen ND, Kicinski M, Louwies T, Vrijens K, De Boever P, Nawrot TS. Recent versus chronic fine particulate air pollution exposure as determinant of the retinal microvasculature in school children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:103-110. [PMID: 28783615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular changes may represent an underlying mechanism through which exposure to fine particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5µm (PM2.5) contributes to age-related disease development. We investigated the effect of recent and chronic exposure to PM2.5 on the microcirculation, exemplified by retinal vessel diameters, using repeated measurements in 8- to 12-year-old children. METHODS 221 children (49.1% girls; mean age 9.9 years) were examined repeatedly (25 one, 124 two, and 72 three times) adding up to 489 retinal vessel examinations. Same-day exposure to PM2.5 was measured at school. In addition, recent (same and previous day) and chronic (yearly mean) exposure was modelled at the child's residence using a high-resolution interpolation model. Residential proximity to major roads was also assessed. Changes in retinal vessel diameters associated with recent and chronic exposures were estimated using mixed models, while adjusting for other known covariates such as sex, age, BMI, blood pressure and birth weight. RESULTS Each 10µg/m³ increment in same-day exposure to PM2.5 measured at school was associated with 0.35µm (95% CI: 0.09-0.61µm) narrower retinal arterioles and 0.35µm (-0.03 to 0.73µm) wider venules. Children living 100m closer to a major road had 0.30µm (0.05-0.54µm) narrower arterioles. CONCLUSIONS Blood vessel diameters of the retinal microcirculation of healthy school-aged children respond to same-day PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, children living closer to major roads had smaller arteriolar diameters. Our results suggest that the microcirculation, with retinal microvasculature as a proxy in this study, is a pathophysiological target for air pollution in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; School for Mobility, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Michal Kicinski
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tijs Louwies
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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The Impact of Multipollutant Clusters on the Association Between Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Microvascular Function. Epidemiology 2017; 27:194-201. [PMID: 26562062 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies including the Framingham Heart Study have suggested associations between single components of air pollution and vascular function; however, underlying mixtures of air pollution may have distinct associations with vascular function. METHODS We used a k-means approach to construct five distinct pollution mixtures from elemental analyses of particle filters, air pollution monitoring data, and meteorology. Exposure was modeled as an interaction between fine particle mass (PM2.5), and concurrent pollution cluster. Outcome variables were two measures of microvascular function in the fingertip in the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts from 2003 to 2008. RESULTS In 1,720 participants, associations between PM2.5 and baseline pulse amplitude tonometry differed by air pollution cluster (interaction P value 0.009). Higher PM2.5 on days with low mass concentrations but high proportion of ultrafine particles from traffic was associated with 18% (95% confidence interval: 4.6%, 33%) higher baseline pulse amplitude per 5 μg/m and days with high contributions of oil and wood combustion with 16% (95% confidence interval: 0.2%, 34%) higher baseline pulse amplitude. We observed no variation in associations of PM2.5 with hyperemic response to ischemia observed across air pollution clusters. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure from air pollution mixtures with large contributions of local ultrafine particles from traffic, heating oil, and wood combustion was associated with higher baseline pulse amplitude but not hyperemic response. Our findings suggest little association between acute exposure to air pollution clusters reflective of select sources and hyperemic response to ischemia, but possible associations with excessive small artery pulsatility with potentially deleterious microvascular consequences.
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13
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Zhang X, Staimer N, Gillen DL, Tjoa T, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Hasheminassab S, Pakbin P, Vaziri ND, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ. Associations of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers with chemically-characterized air pollutant exposures in an elderly cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:306-319. [PMID: 27336235 PMCID: PMC5003670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has been associated with cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. However, the chemical constituents and pollution sources underlying these associations remain unclear. METHOD We conducted a cohort panel study involving 97 elderly subjects living in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Airway and circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured weekly over 12 weeks and included, exhaled breath condensate malondialdehyde (EBC MDA), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6). Exposures included 7-day personal nitrogen oxides (NOx), daily criteria-pollutant data, five-day average particulate matter (PM) measured in three size-fractions and characterized by chemical components including transition metals, and in vitro PM oxidative potential (dithiothreitol and macrophage reactive oxygen species). Associations between biomarkers and pollutants were assessed using linear mixed effects regression models. RESULTS We found significant positive associations of airway oxidative stress and inflammation with traffic-related air pollutants, ultrafine particles and transition metals. Positive but nonsignificant associations were observed with PM oxidative potential. The strongest associations were observed among PM variables in the ultrafine range (PM <0.18µm). It was estimated that an interquartile increase in 5-day average ultrafine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was associated with a 6.3% (95% CI: 1.1%, 11.6%) increase in EBC MDA and 6.7% (95% CI: 3.4%, 10.2%) increase in FeNO. In addition, positive but nonsignificant associations were observed between oxLDL and traffic-related pollutants, ultrafine particles and transition metals while plasma IL-6 was positively associated with 1-day average traffic-related pollutants. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exposure to pollutants with high oxidative potential (traffic-related pollutants, ultrafine particles, and transition metals) may lead to increased airway oxidative stress and inflammation in elderly adults. This observation was less clear with circulating biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Staimer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Gillen
- Department of Statistics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Tjoa
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin M Shafer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sina Hasheminassab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Payam Pakbin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralph J Delfino
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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14
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Zhang X, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Gillen DL, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Hasheminassab S, Pakbin P, Longhurst J, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ. Associations between microvascular function and short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and particulate matter oxidative potential. Environ Health 2016; 15:81. [PMID: 27460097 PMCID: PMC4962442 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with acute increases in cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality. However, causative chemical components and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be clarified. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction would be associated with mobile-source (traffic) air pollution and that pollutant components with higher oxidative potential to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) would have stronger associations. METHODS We carried out a cohort panel study in 93 elderly non-smoking adults living in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, during July 2012-February 2014. Microvascular function, represented by reactive hyperemia index (RHI), was measured weekly for up to 12 weeks (N = 845). Air pollutant data included daily data from regional air-monitoring stations, five-day average PM chemical components and oxidative potential in three PM size-fractions, and weekly personal nitrogen oxides (NOx). Linear mixed-effect models estimated adjusted changes in microvascular function with exposure. RESULTS RHI was inversely associated with traffic-related pollutants such as ambient PM2.5 black carbon (BC), NOx, and carbon monoxide (CO). An interquartile range change increase (1.06 μg/m(3)) in 5-day average BC was associated with decreased RHI, -0.093 (95 % CI: -0.151, -0.035). RHI was inversely associated with other mobile-source components/tracers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbon, and hopanes), and PM oxidative potential as quantified in two independent assays (dithiothreitol and in vitro macrophage ROS) in accumulation and ultrafine PM, and transition metals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that short-term exposures to traffic-related air pollutants with high oxidative potential are major components contributing to microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
| | - Norbert Staimer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
| | - Tomas Tjoa
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
| | - Daniel L. Gillen
- Department of Statistics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - James J. Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Martin M. Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sina Hasheminassab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Payam Pakbin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - John Longhurst
- Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ralph J. Delfino
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
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15
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Kajbafzadeh M, Brauer M, Karlen B, Carlsten C, van Eeden S, Allen RW. The impacts of traffic-related and woodsmoke particulate matter on measures of cardiovascular health: a HEPA filter intervention study. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:394-400. [PMID: 25896330 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combustion-generated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Both traffic-related air pollution and residential wood combustion may be important, but few studies have compared their impacts. OBJECTIVES To assess and compare effects of traffic-related and woodsmoke PM2.5 on endothelial function and systemic inflammation (C reactive protein, interleukin-6 and band cells) among healthy adults in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, using high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration to introduce indoor PM2.5 exposure gradients. METHODS We recruited 83 healthy adults from 44 homes in traffic-impacted or woodsmoke-impacted areas to participate in this randomised, single-blind cross-over intervention study. PM2.5 concentrations were measured during two consecutive 7-day periods, one with filtration and the other with 'placebo filtration'. Endothelial function and biomarkers of systematic inflammation were measured at the end of each 7-day period. RESULTS HEPA filtration was associated with a 40% decrease in indoor PM2.5 concentrations. There was no relationship between PM2.5 exposure and endothelial function. There was evidence of an association between indoor PM2.5 and C reactive protein among those in traffic-impacted locations (42.1% increase in C reactive protein per IQR increase in indoor PM2.5, 95% CI 1.2% to 99.5%), but not among those in woodsmoke-impacted locations. There were no associations with interleukin-6 or band cells. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of an association between C reactive protein and indoor PM2.5 among healthy adults in traffic-impacted areas is consistent with the hypothesis that traffic-related particles, even at relatively low concentrations, play an important role in the cardiovascular effects of the urban PM mixture. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01570062).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kajbafzadeh
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barbara Karlen
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Carlsten
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephan van Eeden
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Olsen Y, Karottki DG, Jensen DM, Bekö G, Kjeldsen BU, Clausen G, Hersoug LG, Holst GJ, Wierzbicka A, Sigsgaard T, Linneberg A, Møller P, Loft S. Vascular and lung function related to ultrafine and fine particles exposure assessed by personal and indoor monitoring: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2014; 13:112. [PMID: 25512042 PMCID: PMC4290094 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) has been linked to decline in pulmonary function and cardiovascular events possibly through inflammation. Little is known about individual exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) inside and outside modern homes and associated health-related effects. METHODS Associations between vascular and lung function, inflammation markers and exposure in terms of particle number concentration (PNC; d = 10-300 nm) were studied in a cross-sectional design with personal and home indoor monitoring in the Western Copenhagen Area, Denmark. During 48-h, PNC and PM2.5 were monitored in living rooms of 60 homes with 81 non-smoking subjects (30-75 years old), 59 of whom carried personal monitors both when at home and away from home. We measured lung function in terms of the FEV1/FVC ratio, microvascular function (MVF) and pulse amplitude by digital artery tonometry, blood pressure and biomarkers of inflammation including C-reactive protein, and leukocyte counts with subdivision in neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in blood. RESULTS PNC from personal and stationary home monitoring showed weak correlation (r = 0.15, p = 0.24). Personal UFP exposure away from home was significantly inversely associated with MVF (1.3% decline per interquartile range, 95% confidence interval: 0.1-2.5%) and pulse amplitude and positively associated with leukocyte and neutrophil counts. The leukocyte and neutrophil counts were also positively and pulse amplitude negatively associated with total personal PNC. Indoor PNC and PM2.5 showed positive association with blood pressure and inverse association with eosinophil counts. CONCLUSIONS The inverse association between personal exposure away from home and MVF is consistent with adverse health effects of UFP from sources outside the home and might be related to increased inflammation indicated by leukocyte counts, whereas UFP from sources in the home could have less effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Olsen
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorina Gabriela Karottki
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Marie Jensen
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- />International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Alle 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birthe Uldahl Kjeldsen
- />International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Alle 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Geo Clausen
- />International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Alle 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars-Georg Hersoug
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Juel Holst
- />Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation & Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- />Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- />Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation & Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- />Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- />Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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