1
|
Guo J, Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Schmidt MD, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Tracking of Cardiorespiratory Fitness from Childhood to Mid-adulthood. J Pediatr 2024; 264:113778. [PMID: 37848085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood is important for survival from major chronic diseases and preserving good health. We examined how childhood CRF tracks, or persists, into adulthood. Among a cohort of 748 school children followed over 34 years, we found child CRF correlated with young- (r = 0.30) and mid-adulthood (r = 0.16) CRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; The Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong W, Chen H, Gong X, Tong L, Xu X, Zong G, Yuan C, Lou M. Prevalent stroke, age of its onset, and post-stroke lifestyle in relation to dementia: A prospective cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3998-4007. [PMID: 37157186 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of age at stroke onset with dementia and the role of post-stroke lifestyle on dementia risk remains unclear. METHODS We leveraged data of 496,251 dementia-free participants from UK Biobank and explored the relationship between age at stroke onset and incident dementia. Among 8328 participants with stroke history, we further investigated the association of a healthy lifestyle with risk of dementia. RESULTS Participants with stroke history had a higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 2.02). The association was stronger among participants with stroke onset at a younger age (≤50: HR, 2.63) compared with those at the age > 50 years (50-60: HR, 2.17; ≥60: HR, 1.58). Among participants with stroke history, a favorable lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia. DISCUSSION Stroke onset in earlier life stage predicted a higher risk for dementia, but a favorable post-stroke lifestyle may protect against dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wansi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxian Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lusha Tong
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Geng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bruno RM, Varbiro S, Pucci G, Nemcsik J, Lønnebakken MT, Kublickiene K, Schluchter H, Park C, Mozos I, Guala A, Hametner B, Seeland U, Boutouyrie P. Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter? J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:634-643. [PMID: 37061653 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure and vascular ageing trajectories differ between men and women. These differences develop due to sex-related factors, attributable to sex chromosomes or sex hormones, and due to gender-related factors, mainly related to different sociocultural behaviors. The present review summarizes the relevant facts regarding gender-related differences in vascular function in hypertension. Among sex-related factors, endogenous 17ß-estradiol plays a key role in protecting pre-menopausal women from vascular ageing. However, as vascular ageing (preceding and inducing hypertension) has a steeper increase in women than in men starting already from the third decade, it is likely that gender-related factors play a prominent role, especially in the young. Among gender-related factors, psychological stress (including that one related to gender-based violence and discrimination), depression, some psychological traits, but also low socioeconomic status, are more common in women than men, and their impact on vascular ageing is likely to be greater in women. Men, on the contrary, are more exposed to the vascular adverse consequences of alcohol consumption, as well as of social deprivation, while "toxic masculinity" traits may result in lower adherence to lifestyle and preventive strategies. Unhealthy diet habits are more prevalent in men and smoking is equally prevalent in the two sexes, but have a disproportional negative effect on women's vascular health. In conclusion, given the major and complex role of gender-related factors in driving vascular alterations and blood pressure patterns, gender dimension should be systematically integrated into future research on vascular function and hypertension and to tailor cardiovascular prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Maria Bruno
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| | - Szabolcs Varbiro
- Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Santa Maria" Terni Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery-University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Service of Zuglo (ZESZ), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mai Tone Lønnebakken
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Institution for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Schluchter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chloe Park
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrea Guala
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Hametner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute Seeland
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shah M, Buscot MJ, Tian J, Phan HT, Fraser BJ, Marwick TH, Dwyer T, Venn A, Gall S. Association Between Risk Factors in Childhood and Sex Differences in Prevalence of Carotid Artery Plaques and Intima-Media Thickness in Mid-Adulthood in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027206. [PMID: 36892081 PMCID: PMC10111555 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The origins of sex differences in cardiovascular diseases are not well understood. We examined the contribution of childhood risk factors to sex differences in adult carotid artery plaques and intima-media thickness (carotid IMT). Methods and Results Children in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey were followed up when they were aged 36 to 49 years (2014-19, n=1085-1281). Log binomial and linear regression examined sex differences in adult carotid plaques (n=1089) or carotid IMT (n=1283). Childhood sociodemographic, psychosocial, and biomedical risk factors that might contribute to sex differences in carotid IMT/plaques were examined using purposeful model building with additional adjustment for equivalent adult risk factors in sensitivity analyses. Women less often had carotid plaques (10%) than men (17%). The sex difference in the prevalence of plaques (relative risk [RR] unadjusted 0.59 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.80]) was reduced by adjustment for childhood school achievement and systolic blood pressure (RR adjusted 0.65 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.90]). Additional adjustment for adult education and systolic blood pressure further reduced sex difference (RR adjusted 0.72 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.06]). Women (mean±SD 0.61±0.07) had thinner carotid IMT than men (mean±SD 0.66±0.09). The sex difference in carotid IMT (β unadjusted -0.051 [95% CI, -0.061 to -0.042]) reduced with adjustment for childhood waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (β adjusted -0.047 [95% CI, -0.057 to -0.037]) and further reduced with adjustment for adult waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (β adjusted -0.034 [95% CI, -0.048 to -0.019]). Conclusions Some childhood factors contributed to adult sex differences in plaques and carotid IMT. Prevention strategies across the life course are important to reduce adult sex differences in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shah
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Jing Tian
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Hoang T Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Department of Public Health Management Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Cardiology Department, Western Health Melbourne Australia
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Health and Medicine University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oliveira A, Vale W, da Silveira A, de Carvalho L, Lattari E, Pancoti B, Maranhão Neto G. Frequency of leisure-time physical activity and pulse pressure in the Brazilian population: a population-based study. Public Health 2022; 209:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Hooker SP, Diaz KM, Blair SN, Colabianchi N, Hutto B, McDonnell MN, Vena JE, Howard VJ. Association of Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity With Risk of Stroke Among US Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2215385. [PMID: 35657625 PMCID: PMC9166254 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The amount and intensity of physical activity required to prevent stroke are yet to be fully determined because of previous reliance on self-reporting measures. Furthermore, the association between objectively measured time spent being sedentary as an independent risk factor for stroke is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity of varying intensity and duration with the risk of incident stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study involved participants who were enrolled in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study from February 5, 2003, to October 30, 2007. Accelerometer data were collected from 7607 Black and White adults 45 years or older in the contiguous US between May 12, 2009, and January 5, 2013. Data on other races and ethnicities were not collected for scientific and clinical reasons. By design, Black adults and residents of the southeastern US stroke belt and stroke buckle were oversampled. Data were analyzed from May 5, 2020, to November 11, 2021. EXPOSURES Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were measured using a hip-mounted accelerometer worn for 7 consecutive days and stratified by tertile for the analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident stroke. RESULTS Among 7607 participants, the mean (SD) age was 63.4 (8.5) years; 4145 participants (54.5%) were female, 2407 (31.6%) were Black, and 5200 (68.4%) were White. A total of 2523 participants (33.2%) resided in the stroke belt, and 1638 (21.5%) resided in the stroke buckle. Over a mean (SD) of 7.4 (2.5) years of follow-up, 286 incident stroke cases (244 ischemic [85.3%]) occurred. The fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident stroke in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.53-1.04; P = .08) for LIPA and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.38-0.84; P = .004) for MVPA. Higher sedentary time was associated with a 44% greater risk of incident stroke (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.99-2.07; P = .04). When comparing the highest with the lowest tertile, mean sedentary bout duration was associated with a significantly greater risk of incident stroke (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.10-2.12; P = .008). After adjustment for sedentary time, the highest tertile of unbouted MVPA (shorter bouts [1-9 minutes]) was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident stroke compared with the lowest tertile (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94; P = .02); however, bouted MVPA (longer bouts [at least 10 minutes]) was not (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53-1.15; P = .17). When expressed as continuous variables, sedentary time was positively associated with incident stroke risk (HR per 1-hour/day increase in sedentary time: 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28; P = .02), and LIPA was negatively associated with incident stroke risk (HR per 1-hour/day increase in LIPA: 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, objectively measured LIPA, MVPA, and sedentary time were significantly and independently associated with incident stroke risk. Longer sedentary bout duration was also independently associated with an increased risk of incident stroke. These findings suggest that replacing sedentary time with LIPA, or even very short bouts of MVPA, may lower stroke risk, supporting the concept of moving more and sitting less as a beneficial stroke risk reduction strategy among adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Keith M. Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | | | - Brent Hutto
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | | | - John E. Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Virginia J. Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Lima TR, González-Chica DA, Franco Moreno YM, Santos Silva DA. The independent and joint associations between muscle strength, health variables and cardiovascular disease among adults. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:38-46. [PMID: 33305683 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1862633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the independent and joint association between muscle strength and health variables according to individual health status among adults. METHODS Cross-sectional population-based study comprising 643 adults (39.6 ± 11.1 years, 44.9% men) from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength. Health variables included were systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TRG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Participants were grouped into three health status categories: 1) healthy (without CVD and risk for CVD); 2) at risk for CVD (obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia); 3) with CVD. Multiple linear regression adjusted for confounding factors was used. RESULTS Muscle strength was inversely associated with IMT (β = -0.02, SE: 0.03), CHOL (β = -0.14, SE: 0.02) and HbA1c (β = -0.01, SE: 0.10), and directly associated with SBP (β = 0.16, SE: 0.06) and WC (β = 0.02, SE: 0.03). Among adults with CVD, muscle strength was inversely associated with IMT (p < 0.05). Higher muscle strength was directly associated with SBP among healthy adults (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The main finding of the present study indicated that among individuals with CVD, muscle strength was associated with lower IMT values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - David Alejandro González-Chica
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huynh QL, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG, Yang H, Dwyer T, Marwick TH. Risk factors for left ventricular dysfunction in adulthood: role of low birth weight. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:5403-5414. [PMID: 34612017 PMCID: PMC8712853 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to determine the relationship of low birth weight (LBW) with adult cardiac structure and function and investigate potential causal pathways. Methods and results A population‐based sample of 925 Australians (41.3% male) were followed from childhood (aged 7–15 years) to young adulthood (aged 26–36 years) and mid‐adulthood (aged 36–50 years). Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS, %), LV mass index (LVMi, g/m2.7), LV filling pressure (E/e′), and left atrial volume index (g/m2) were measured by transthoracic echocardiography in mid‐adulthood. Birth weight category was self‐reported in young adulthood and classified as low (≤5 lb or ≤2270 g), normal (5–8 lb or 2271–3630 g), and high (>8 lb or >3630 g). Of the 925 participants, 7.5% (n = 69) were classified as LBW. Compared with participants with normal birth weight, those with LBW had 2.01‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.19, 3.41, P = 0.009) higher risks of impaired GLS (GLS > −18%) and 2.63‐fold (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 7.81, P = 0.08) higher risks of LV hypertrophy (LVMi > 48 g/m2.7 in men or >44 g/m2.7 in women) in adulthood, independent of age, sex, and any socio‐economic factors. Participants with LBW significantly increased body fat from childhood to adulthood relative to their peers and had greater levels of triglycerides, fasting glucose, and arterial stiffness in adulthood. These risk factors were the strongest mediators and explained 54% of the LBW effect size on adult GLS and 33% of the LBW effect size on LVMi. The remaining of these associations was independent of any of the measured risk factors. Conclusions Low birth weight was associated with impaired cardiac structure and function in mid‐adulthood. This association was only partially explained by known risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan L Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hong Yang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fitness levels do not explain greater performance fatigability of the upper extremity in fibromyalgia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2363-2364. [PMID: 33885990 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Enea C, Laffetas P, Pichon A, Delpech N. Arterial Stiffness and Hemodynamics in Young Women: The Effects of Oral Contraceptive Intake and Physical Habits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073393. [PMID: 33805931 PMCID: PMC8037745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral contraceptive (OC) intake seems to be associated with increased central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness. Conversely, physical activity (PA) is known to induce benefits on vascular structure and function, suggesting that the negative effects of the OC pill could be counterbalanced by regular PA. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine (1) whether OC intake in young women is associated with higher values of hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness and (2) whether these negative effects could be counterbalanced by regular physical activity. Forty-nine young healthy women (21.9 years ± 2.1) were recruited and divided into 4 groups, depending on their hormonal status (OC users: OC+ or non-OC users: OC−) and their physical habits (active/inactive). Assessments of central hemodynamics (central blood pressure, Aix75) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed using applanation tonometry. cBP was higher in OC+ vs. OC−, while PWV was similar between these two groups. No interaction between physical activity and hormonal status was observed for any of these variables. Nevertheless, PWV was lower in young active women compared with age-matched inactive women, suggesting that the positive effect of regular physical exercise on the cardiovascular system is already visible in the first years of women’s adulthood, whatever the hormonal status.
Collapse
|
11
|
Szolnoky G, Gavallér H, Gönczy A, Bihari I, Kemény L, Forster T, Nemes A. The Effects of Below-Knee Medical Compression Stockings on Pulse Wave Velocity of Young Healthy Volunteers. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:275-279. [PMID: 29927896 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Szolnoky, G, Gavallér, H, Gönczy, A, Bihari, I, Kemény, L, Forster, T, and Nemes, A. The effects of below-knee medical compression stockings on pulse wave velocity of young healthy volunteers. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 275-279, 2021-The effects of graduated medical compression stockings (MCS) on cardiovascular responses are poorly investigated. A simple study was undertaken to investigate whether the application of below-knee leg MCSs with different pressures could influence aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) as the gold standard for aortic stiffness measurement evaluated by arteriography. Ten volunteers underwent PWV measurement at baseline, then in below-knee compression class (ccl) 1 (18-21 mm Hg), 2 (23-32 mm Hg) and 3 (34-46 mm Hg) MCSs in a consecutive manner. Baseline PWV (mean value: 7.86 ± 1.70 m·s-1) was significantly reduced by ccl 1 MCSs (mean value: 6.55 ± 0.88 m·s-1, p = 0.04). ccl 2 and ccl 3 stockings also notably decreased baseline PWV (mean values: 6.63 ± 0.65 m·s-1, p = 0.058 and 6.62 ± 1.00 m·s-1, p = 0.067; respectively). The application of low compression MCSs (ccl 1) leads to a significant decrease in PWV indicating a beneficial cardiovascular influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Győző Szolnoky
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Henriette Gavallér
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary ; and
| | - Anna Gönczy
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary ; and
| | | | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Forster
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary ; and
| | - Attila Nemes
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary ; and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maxa KM, Hoffman C, Rivera-Rivera LA, Motovylyak A, Turski PA, Mitchell CKC, Ma Y, Berman SE, Gallagher CL, Bendlin BB, Asthana S, Sager MA, Hermann BP, Johnson SC, Cook DB, Wieben O, Okonkwo OC. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Cerebral Vessel Pulsatility in a Cohort Enriched with Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Plast 2020; 5:175-184. [PMID: 33282680 PMCID: PMC7685671 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-190096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that vascular disease risk factors contribute to evolution of the dementia syndrome of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One important measure of cerebrovascular health is pulsatility index (PI) which is thought to represent distal vascular resistance, and has previously been reported to be elevated in AD clinical syndrome. Physical inactivity has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the relationship between a measure of habitual physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and PI in the large cerebral vessels. METHODS Ninety-two cognitively-healthy adults (age = 65.34±5.95, 72% female) enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated in this study. Participants underwent 4D flow brain MRI to measure PI in the internal carotid artery (ICA), basilar artery, middle cerebral artery (MCA), and superior sagittal sinus. Participants also completed a self-report physical activity questionnaire. CRF was calculated using a previously-validated equation that incorporates sex, age, body-mass index, resting heart rate, and self-reported physical activity. A series of linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, APOE4 status, and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk were used to analyze the relationship between CRF and PI. RESULTS Inverse associations were found between CRF and mean PI in the inferior ICA (p = .001), superior ICA (p = .035), and basilar artery (p = .040). No other cerebral vessels revealed significant associations between CRF and PI (p≥.228). CONCLUSIONS Higher CRF was associated with lower PI in several large cerebral vessels. Since increased pulsatility has been associated with poor brain health and reported in persons with AD, this suggests that aerobic fitness might provide protection against cerebrovascular changes related to the progression of AD clinical syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Maxa
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carson Hoffman
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Leonardo A. Rivera-Rivera
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alice Motovylyak
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick A. Turski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carol K. C. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sara E. Berman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW-Madison Medical Scientist and Neuroscience Training Programs, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Catherine L. Gallagher
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei CC, Chen PC, Hsu HC, Su TC, Lin HJ, Chen MF, Lee YT, Chien KL. Association of heart rate trajectories with the risk of adverse outcomes in a community-based cohort in Taiwan. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8987. [PMID: 32419984 PMCID: PMC7211405 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate trajectory patterns integrate information regarding multiple heart rate measurements and their changes with time. Different heart rate patterns may exist in one population, and these are associated with different outcomes. Our study investigated the association of adverse outcomes with heart rate trajectory patterns. This was a prospective cohort study based on the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort in Taiwan. A total of 3,015 Chinese community residents aged > 35 years were enrolled in a prospective investigation of cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes from 1990 to 2013.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was a composite of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular accidents. The following trajectory patterns were identified: stable, 61%; decreased, 5%; mildly increased, 32%; and markedly increased, 2%. During follow-up (median, 13.9 years), 557 participants died and 217 experienced secondary outcomes. The adjusted hazard ratios of primary and secondary outcomes for participants with a markedly increased trajectory pattern were 1.80 (95% CI [1.18-2.76]) and 1.45 (95% CI [0.67-3.12]), respectively, compared to those for participants with a stable trajectory pattern. A markedly increased heart rate trajectory pattern may be associated with all-cause mortality risks. Heart rate trajectory patterns demonstrated the utility of repeated heart rate measurements for risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chun Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public School, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ching Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical Outcome Research and Training Center, Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Teh Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public School, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Cleland V, Schmidt MD, Smith KJ, Gall SL, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Factors associated with muscular fitness phenotypes in Australian children: A cross-sectional study. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:38-45. [PMID: 31613185 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1679575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To help inform strategies aimed at increasing muscular fitness levels, we examined factors associated with childhood muscular fitness (strength and power) that preceded the recently observed secular decline. Data were available from a nationally representative sample of Australian children aged 7-15 years in 1985 (n = 8469). Muscular fitness measures included strength (right and left grip, shoulder extension and flexion, and leg strength) and power (standing long jump distance). Anthropometric (adiposity, fat-free mass), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, speed capability, physical activity (individual and parental), dietary quality and intake (fruit, vegetable, protein) and sociodemographic (area-level socioeconomic status (SES), school type) data were available. Statistical analyses included sex-stratified linear regression. Of all examined factors, measures of adiposity, fat-free mass, CRF, flexibility and speed capability were associated with muscular fitness at levels that met Cohen's threshold for important effects (r-squared = 0.02 to 0.28). These findings highlight the multifactorial relationship between muscular fitness and its determinants. Collectively, these factors were powerful in explaining muscular strength (females: r-squared = 0.32; males: r-squared = 0.41) and muscular power (females: r-squared = 0.36; males: r-squared = 0.42). These findings highlight modifiable and environmental factors that could be targeted to increase childhood muscular fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael D Schmidt
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kylie J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Seana L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Schmidt MD, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. The association between muscular power from childhood to adulthood and adult measures of glucose homeostasis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1909-1916. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J. Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | | | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
- George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Oxford University Oxford UK
| | - Alison J. Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Cleland V, Schmidt MD, Smith KJ, Gall SL, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Factors Associated with Persistently High Muscular Power from Childhood to Adulthood. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 52:49-55. [PMID: 31361713 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Child and adult muscular power have been shown to associate with contemporary cardiometabolic health. Muscular power typically persists (tracks) between childhood and adulthood. Few studies span childhood to adulthood, so we aimed to identify modifiable and environmental factors associated with the persistence or change in muscular power across the life course. METHODS Prospective study examining 1938 participants who had their muscular power (standing long jump distance) measured in 1985 as children 7-15 yr old and again 20 yr later in adulthood (26-36 yr old). A selection of objectively measured anthropometric characteristics (adiposity and fat-free mass), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), self-reported physical activity, dietary (quality and fruit, vegetable, and protein intake), and sociodemographic data were available at both time points. Muscular power was separated into thirds, and participants were reported as having persistently low, decreasing, persistently moderate, increasing, or persistently high muscular power. RESULTS Higher adiposity, lower physical activity, diet quality and socioeconomic status (SES) across the life course, and lower adult CRF were associated with persistently low muscular power. Lower adult protein intake and an increase in adiposity over time were associated with decreasing muscular power. An increase in fat-free mass was associated with a reduced probability of decreasing or persistently high muscular power and an increased probability of increasing muscular power. Higher adult fruit intake was associated with increasing muscular power. Lower adiposity across the life course, higher adult CRF and SES, and higher child protein intake were associated with persistently high muscular power. CONCLUSION Healthy weight, good CRF, greater protein intake, and high SES are important correlates of high muscular power maintained from childhood to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Kylie J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
| | - Seana L Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu X, Guo N, Zhu W, Zhou Q, Liu M, Chen C, Yuan P, Wan R, Hong K. Resting Heart Rate and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation. Int Heart J 2019; 60:805-811. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Ninghong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Wengen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, First People's Hospital of Changde City
| | - Menglu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Rong Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Doku AO, Moses MO, Acheampong IK, Gyamfi I, Agbavor C, Akwa LG, Osei F, Appiah EJ, Tiguridaane IA, Deku PDG. Physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill response of healthy bankers to fitness training. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:242-248. [PMID: 31111007 PMCID: PMC6509456 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836572.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle as a predisposing factor of chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, stroke and obesity is a common phenomenon in the banking job. Studies suggest that fitness training improves health of bankers but has not been established among Ghanaian bankers. This study examined the physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill responses of relatively healthy bankers to fitness training. Twelve bankers aged 28 to 55 years (36.41±7.16 years) in Kumasi completed a 6-month fitness training program (FTP) of 30-min gym workouts and 1-hr swimming per session. Physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill variables assessments were conducted in three trials: pretraining, midtraining and post-FTP. FTP caused significant decrease in pre-post systolic blood pressure (P=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.000), heart rate (P=0.006), waist circumference (P= 0.007), waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.007), and bone density (P=0.038). There was significance decrease in body mass index (P=0.047) between pre- and midtraining status. Weight significantly decreased among the three trials (P=0.017). Pre-post opened (P=0.043) and closed (P=0.015) eye balance skills increased significantly. Effects of FTP were significantly higher in female (P<0.05). Participants who were at the stage 1 and 2 hypertensions pretraining became normotensive posttraining. Six months FTP has beneficial effects on the physiological, anthropometric parameters, and balance skill of relatively healthy bankers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Oforiwaa Doku
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Monday Omoniyi Moses
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kwaku Acheampong
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Gyamfi
- Ghana Lifesaving and Diving Association, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Agbavor
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lady Gwendoline Akwa
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francis Osei
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Junior Appiah
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Azo Tiguridaane
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prince De-Gaulle Deku
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Tomkinson GR, Lycett K, Wake M, Burgner D, Ranganathan S, Juonala M, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Olds T, Magnussen CG. The great leap backward: changes in the jumping performance of Australian children aged 11-12-years between 1985 and 2015. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:748-754. [PMID: 30319026 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1523672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous data have indicated relative stability over time of paediatric jumping performance, but few data exist since the early 2000s. This study quantified the 30-year secular changes in jumping performance of Australian children aged 11-12-years using data from the Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey (1985, n = 1967) and Growing Up in Australia's Child Health CheckPoint (2015, n = 1765). Both cohorts measured jumping performance (standing long jump distance), anthropometric and demographic data. Secular changes in jumping performance means and quantiles were examined using multivariable linear and quantile regression. Between 1985 and 2015, jumping performance declined by 16.4 cm or by 11.2% (standardised change 0.66 SD, 95%CI 0.60 to 0.73). Adjustment for body mass reduced the effect by 32%, although the decline remained (absolute change - 11.1 cm, 95%CI -12.5 to -9.7; percent change 7.7%, 95%CI 6.7 to 8.6; standardised change 0.51 SD, 95%CI 0.44 to 0.57). This decline was evident across all quantiles. The jumping performance of Australian children aged 11-12-years has declined between 1985 and 2015, with body mass changes accounting for only part of the decline. Efforts should continue to promote paediatric muscular fitness, reduce adiposity, and aim to reverse this decline in jumping performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J Fraser
- a Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- a Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- b Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia.,c Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education , University of North Dakota , Grand Forks , North Dakota , USA
| | - Kate Lycett
- d Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,e Department of Paediatrics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- d Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - David Burgner
- d Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,e Department of Paediatrics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,f Department of Paediatrics , Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- d Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,e Department of Paediatrics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- g Department of Medicine , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,h Division of Medicine , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Terence Dwyer
- a Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia.,i George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Oxford University , Oxford , UK
| | - Alison J Venn
- a Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- b Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia.,d Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- a Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia.,j Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sui X, Howard VJ, McDonnell MN, Ernstsen L, Flaherty ML, Hooker SP, Lavie CJ. Racial Differences in the Association Between Nonexercise Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Incident Stroke. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:884-894. [PMID: 29903604 PMCID: PMC6154797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and incident stroke by black and white race. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 24,162 participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study (13,232 [54.8%] women; 9543 [39.5%] blacks; mean age, 64.6±9.3 years) without stroke at enrollment between January 15, 2003, and October 30, 2007, were followed for incident stroke through March 31, 2016. Baseline eCRF in maximal metabolic equivalents was determined using nonexercise sex-specific algorithms and further grouped into age- and sex-specific tertiles. RESULTS Over a mean of 8.3±3.2 years of follow-up, 945 (3.9%) incident strokes occurred (377 in blacks and 568 in whites). The association between eCRF and stroke risk differed significantly by race (PInteraction<.001). In whites, after adjustment for stroke risk factors and physical functioning score, the hazard ratio of stroke was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.67-1.00) times lower in the middle tertile of eCRF than in the lowest tertile and was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.43-0.69) times lower in the highest tertile of eCRF. The protective effect of higher levels of eCRF on stroke incidence was more pronounced in those 60 years or older among whites. No association between eCRF and stroke risk was observed in blacks. CONCLUSION Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness measured using nonexercise equations is a useful predictor of stroke in whites. The lack of an overall association between eCRF and stroke risk in blacks suggests that the assessment of eCRF in blacks may not be helpful in primary stroke prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Michelle N McDonnell
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Linda Ernstsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matthew L Flaherty
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Health and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bjarnegård N, Länne T, Cinthio M, Ekstrand J, Hedman K, Nylander E, Henriksson J. Vascular characteristics in young women-Effect of extensive endurance training or a sedentary lifestyle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13041. [PMID: 29359513 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore whether high-level endurance training in early age has an influence on the arterial wall properties in young women. METHODS Forty-seven athletes (ATH) and 52 controls (CTR), all 17-25 years of age, were further divided into runners (RUN), whole-body endurance athletes (WBA), sedentary controls (SC) and normally active controls (AC). Two-dimensional ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries was conducted to determine local common carotid artery (CCA) geometry and wall distensibility. Pulse waves were recorded with a tonometer to determine regional pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse pressure waveform. RESULTS Carotid-radial PWV was lower in WBA than in RUN (P < .05), indicating higher arterial distensibility along the arm. Mean arterial pressure was lower in ATH than in CTR and in RUN than in WBA (P < .05). Synthesized aortic augmentation index (AI@75) was lower among ATH than among CTR (-12.8 ± 1.6 vs -2.6 ± 1.2%, P < .001) and in WBA than in RUN (-16.4 ± 2.5 vs -10.7 ± 2.0%, P < .05), suggesting a diminished return of reflection waves to the aorta during systole. Carotid-femoral PWV and intima-media thickness (IMT), lumen diameter and radial distensibility of the CCA were similar in ATH and CTR. CONCLUSION Elastic artery distensibility and carotid artery IMT are not different in young women with extensive endurance training over several years and in those with sedentary lifestyle. On the other hand, our data suggest that long-term endurance training is associated with potentially favourable peripheral artery adaptation, especially in sports where upper body work is added. This adaptation, if persisting later in life, could contribute to lower cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bjarnegård
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Region Jönköping County; Jönköping Sweden
| | - T. Länne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Region Östergötland; Linköping Sweden
| | - M. Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. Ekstrand
- Division of Community Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - K. Hedman
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - E. Nylander
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - J. Henriksson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Schmidt MD, Juonala M, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Childhood cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and adult measures of glucose homeostasis. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:935-940. [PMID: 29472068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether childhood cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness phenotypes (strength, power, endurance) predict adult glucose homeostasis measures. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS Study examining participants who had physical fitness measured in childhood (aged 7-15 years) and who attended follow-up clinics approximately 20 years later and provided a fasting blood sample which was tested for glucose and insulin. Physical fitness measurements included muscular strength (right and left grip, shoulder flexion, shoulder and leg extension), power (standing long jump distance) and endurance (number of push-ups in 30s), and CRF (1.6km run duration). In adulthood, fasting glucose and insulin levels were used to derive glucose homeostasis measures of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA2-β). RESULTS A standard deviation increase in childhood CRF or muscular strength (males) was associated with fasting glucose (CRF: β=-0.06mmol/L), fasting insulin (CRF: β=-0.73mU/L; strength: β=-0.40mU/L), HOMA2-IR (CRF: β=-0.06; strength: β=-0.05) and HOMA2-β (CRF: β=-3.06%; strength: β=-2.62%) in adulthood, independent of the alternative fitness phenotype (all p<0.01). Adjustment for childhood waist circumference reduced the effect by 17-35% for CRF and 0-15% for muscular strength (males) and statistical significance remained for all associations expect between CRF, fasting glucose and HOMA2-β (p>0.06). CONCLUSIONS CRF and muscular fitness in childhood were inversely associated with measures of fasting insulin, insulin resistance and beta cell function in adulthood. Childhood CRF and muscular fitness could both be potential independent targets for strategies to help reduce the development of adverse glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Oxford University, UK
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fraser BJ, Huynh QL, Schmidt MD, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Childhood Muscular Fitness Phenotypes and Adult Metabolic Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1715-22. [PMID: 27128670 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to determine whether childhood muscular fitness phenotypes (strength, endurance, and power) are independently associated with adult metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study including 737 participants who had muscular fitness measures in 1985 when age 9, 12, or 15 yr and attended follow-up in young adulthood 20 yr later when measures of MetS were collected. Childhood measures of muscular fitness included strength (right and left grip, leg, and shoulder extension and flexion), endurance (number of push-ups in 30 s), and power (distance of a standing long jump). A muscular fitness score was created using all individual muscular fitness phenotypes. In adulthood, waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were measured. Adult outcomes were MetS defined using the harmonized definition and a continuous MetS risk score. RESULTS Participants with childhood muscular strength, muscular power, and combined muscular fitness score in the highest third had significantly lower relative risk (RR) for MetS and a lower continuous MetS score in adulthood independent of cardiorespiratory fitness than those in the lowest third (strength: RR = 0.21 (0.09, 0.49) β = -0.46 (-0.59, -0.34) power: RR = 0.26 (0.12, 0.60), β = -0.36 (-0.49, -0.23) fitness score: RR = 0.20 (0.09, 0.47), β = -0.45 (-0.58, -0.33)). However, adjustment for childhood waist circumference reduced the effect sizes for both adult outcomes by 17%-60%. CONCLUSION Phenotypes of childhood muscular fitness can be used to predict adult MetS independent of cardiorespiratory fitness. Although a large proportion of the effect of childhood muscular fitness on adult MetS is potentially being mediated by child waist circumference, these data suggest that promotion of muscular fitness among children might provide additional protection against developing adult MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J Fraser
- 1Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA; 2Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; 3George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford University, Oxford, England, UNITED KINGDOM; and 4Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Weight status, cardiorespiratory fitness and high blood pressure relationship among 5-12-year-old Chinese primary school children. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:808-814. [PMID: 28906485 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity contribute to high blood pressure (HBP) in adults and children. However, their relative importance as risk factors is unknown. We examined the relationships between weight status, CRF and HBP among Chinese primary school children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4926 school children aged 5-12 years. CRF was estimated from a modified Cooper test, body mass index z-scores and weight categories were calculated from objective height and weight measurements and BP was measured using an electronic sphygmomanometer. HBP was defined as >95th percentile based on reference cutoffs for Chinese boys and girls. Generalised Linear Mixed models, adjusting for age, pubertal status and height, were developed for boys and girls to explore the independent and combined associations between fitness, weight status and HBP. Seven hundred and fifty-two (15.3%) children had HBP, with a higher prevalence in obese (40.5% and 45.9% in boys and girls, respectively) and overweight (27.6% and 30.2% in boys and girls, respectively) compared with non-overweight (9.0% and 13.8% in boys and girls, respectively) children. HBP prevalence was lower in boys with higher CRF (odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs lowest CRF quartile in boys 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-0.89). This association was not seen in girls. With weight status and CRF in the same model, weight status, but not CRF, remained significantly associated with HBP (obesity in boys: OR 4.19; 95% CI 2.63-6.67; in girls: OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.19-5.19). The interaction effect for CRF and weight status was non-significant. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with HBP among children. There was no evidence of modification of this relationship by CRF.
Collapse
|
25
|
Montero D, Dandanell S, Oberholzer L, Keiser S, Breenfeldt-Andersen A, Haider T, Merlini M, Meinild-Lundby AK, Lundby C. Combined effects of physical inactivity and acute hyperglycemia on arterial distensibility. Vasc Med 2017. [PMID: 28643554 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x17712103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arterial distensibility, an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, is transiently increased with acute hyperglycemia (AHG) in healthy individuals. Whether this response interacts with physical inactivity remains unknown. We examined the effects of short-term bed rest (BR) on the response of carotid artery distensibility (CD) to AHG, and the influence of underlying changes in insulin resistance and blood volume. CD was assessed with ultrasonography before as well as 30 and 120 minutes following ingestion of 75 g of glucose prior to and after 3 days of BR in 15 healthy male volunteers. Plasma insulin/glucose concentrations and blood volumes were concomitantly determined. On day 4 of BR, blood volume was re-established to pre-BR levels by albumin infusion and CD and insulin/glucose concentrations were determined as in the previous experimental days. Basal CD was not affected by BR. AHG increased CD before and after BR but reached a higher peak increment after BR (12% vs 60% at 30 min OGTT, p=0.028). BR also increased the plasma insulin concentration during AHG ( p=0.007). In regression analyses, plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were positively correlated to CD, particularly after BR ( r=0.31, p<0.05). Restoration of the BR-induced loss (5%) in blood volume did not affect the response of CD to AHG. In conclusion, short-term physical inactivity strongly accentuates the initial increase in CD in response to AHG in healthy individuals. This effect is associated with concomitant increases in circulating insulin concentration attributable to early insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Montero
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,2 University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sune Dandanell
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Oberholzer
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Keiser
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Breenfeldt-Andersen
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Haider
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Merlini
- 3 Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- 1 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tracking of muscular strength and power from youth to young adulthood: Longitudinal findings from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:927-931. [PMID: 28416155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low muscular fitness levels have previously been reported as an independent risk factor for chronic disease outcomes. Muscular fitness tracking, the ability to maintain levels measured at one point in time to another point in time, was assessed from youth to adulthood to provide insight into whether early identification of low muscular fitness in youth is possible. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS Study including 623 participants who had muscular fitness measures in 1985 (aged 9, 12 or 15 years) and again 20 years later in young adulthood. Measures of muscular fitness were strength (right and left grip, leg, shoulder extension and flexion measured by dynamometer, and a combined strength score) and power (standing long jump distance). RESULTS Strength and power were relatively stable between youth and adulthood; the strongest tracking correlations were observed for the combined strength score (r=0.47, p≤0.001), right grip strength (r=0.43, p≤0.001) and standing long jump (r=0.43, p≤0.001). Youth in the lowest third of muscular fitness had an increased risk of remaining in the lowest third of muscular fitness in adulthood (strength: relative risk (RR)=4.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) (3.19, 6.92); power: RR=4.06 (2.79, 5.90)). CONCLUSIONS Youth with low muscular fitness are at increased risk of maintaining a low muscular fitness level into adulthood. These findings warrant investigation into the long term effects of early interventions that focus on improving low muscular fitness levels in youth which could potentially improve adult muscular fitness and reduce future chronic disease outcomes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Analysis of beat-to-beat blood pressure variability response to the cold pressor test in the offspring of hypertensive and normotensive parents. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:581-589. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
28
|
Pandey A, Patel MR, Willis B, Gao A, Leonard D, Das SR, Defina L, Berry JD. Association Between Midlife Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:1720-6. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. However, the extent to which this association is explained by the development of stroke risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between midlife CRF and risk of stroke after the age of 65 years, independent of the antecedent risk factor burden.
Methods—
Linking participant data from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study with Medicare claims files, we studied 19 815 individuals who survived to receive Medicare coverage from 1999 to 2009. CRF estimated at baseline by Balke treadmill time was analyzed as a continuous variable (in metabolic equivalents) and according to age- and sex-specific quintiles (Q1=low CRF). Associations between midlife CRF and stroke hospitalization after the age of 65 years were assessed by applying a proportional hazards recurrent events model to the failure time data with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation as time-dependent covariates.
Results—
After 129 436 person-years of Medicare follow-up, we observed 808 stroke hospitalizations. After adjustment for baseline risk factors, higher midlife CRF was associated with a lower risk of stroke hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–0.76; quintiles 4–5 versus 1]. This association remained unchanged after additional adjustment for burden of Medicare-identified stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51–0.79; quintiles 4–5 versus 1).
Conclusions—
There is a strong, inverse association between midlife CRF and stroke risk in later life independent of baseline and antecedent burden of risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambarish Pandey
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| | - Minesh R. Patel
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| | - Benjamin Willis
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| | - Ang Gao
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| | - David Leonard
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| | - Sandeep R. Das
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| | - Laura Defina
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| | - Jarett D. Berry
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.P., S.R.D., J.D.B.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (A.G., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.R.P.); and Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX (B.W., D.L., L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Spartano NL, Lyass A, Larson MG, Lewis GD, Vasan RS. Submaximal Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure and Heart Rate at 20 Years of Follow-up: Correlates in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002821. [PMID: 27233297 PMCID: PMC4937245 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond their resting values, exercise responses in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) may add prognostic information for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In cross-sectional studies, exercise BP and HR responses correlate with CVD risk factors; however, it is unclear which factors influence longitudinal changes in exercise responses over time, which is important for our understanding of the development of CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed BP and HR responses to low-level exercise tests (6-minute Bruce protocol) in 1231 Framingham Offspring participants (55% women) who underwent a routine treadmill test in 1979-1983 (baseline; mean age 39±8 years) that was repeated in 1998-2001 (follow-up; mean age 58±8 years). Adjusting for baseline exercise responses, we related the follow-up exercise responses to baseline CVD risk factors and to their changes between examinations. Compared with men, women had greater rise in exercise systolic (S)BP and HR at 20-year follow-up (both P<0.005). Baseline blood lipid levels, resting SBP and HR, and smoking status were associated with greater exercise SBP at follow-up (all P<0.05). Weight gain across examinations was associated with higher exercise SBP and HR at follow-up (both P<0.0001). Smoking cessation was associated with a 53% reduced risk of attaining the highest quartile of exercise SBP (≥180 mm Hg) at follow-up (P<0.05). CONCLUSION An adverse CVD risk factor profile in young adults and its worsening over time were associated with higher SBP and HR responses to low-level exercise in midlife. Maintaining or adopting a healthy risk factor profile may favorably impact the exercise responses over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Spartano
- Sections of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Asya Lyass
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Sections of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A Review of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Factors that Affect its Decline and Opportunities for Intervention. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2016; 5:8-15. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2015.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
31
|
Spartano NL, Himali JJ, Beiser AS, Lewis GD, DeCarli C, Vasan RS, Seshadri S. Midlife exercise blood pressure, heart rate, and fitness relate to brain volume 2 decades later. Neurology 2016; 86:1313-1319. [PMID: 26865519 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether poor cardiovascular (CV) fitness and exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were associated with worse brain morphology in later life. METHODS Framingham Offspring participants (n = 1,094, 53.9% female) free from dementia and CV disease (CVD) underwent an exercise treadmill test at a mean age of 40 ± 9 years. A second treadmill test and MRI scans of the brain were administered 2 decades later at mean age of 58 ± 8 years. RESULTS Poor CV fitness and greater diastolic BP and HR response to exercise at baseline were associated with a smaller total cerebral brain volume (TCBV) almost 2 decades later (all p < 0.05) in multivariable adjusted models; the effect of 1 SD lower fitness was equivalent to approximately 1 additional year of brain aging in individuals free of CVD. In participants with prehypertension or hypertension at baseline, exercise systolic BP was also associated with smaller TCBV (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that lower CV fitness and exaggerated exercise BP and HR responses in middle-aged adults are associated with smaller brain volume nearly 2 decades later. Promotion of midlife CV fitness may be an important step towards ensuring healthy brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Spartano
- From the Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (N.L.S., R.S.V.), The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.L.S.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; the Framingham Heart Study (N.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., R.S.V., S.S.); Departments of Biostatistics (A.S.B.) and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health; Cardiology Division (G.D.L.) and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit (G.D.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard (G.D.L.), Cambridge, MA; and Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience (C.D.), University of California at Davis.
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- From the Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (N.L.S., R.S.V.), The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.L.S.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; the Framingham Heart Study (N.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., R.S.V., S.S.); Departments of Biostatistics (A.S.B.) and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health; Cardiology Division (G.D.L.) and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit (G.D.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard (G.D.L.), Cambridge, MA; and Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience (C.D.), University of California at Davis
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- From the Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (N.L.S., R.S.V.), The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.L.S.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; the Framingham Heart Study (N.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., R.S.V., S.S.); Departments of Biostatistics (A.S.B.) and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health; Cardiology Division (G.D.L.) and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit (G.D.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard (G.D.L.), Cambridge, MA; and Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience (C.D.), University of California at Davis
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- From the Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (N.L.S., R.S.V.), The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.L.S.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; the Framingham Heart Study (N.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., R.S.V., S.S.); Departments of Biostatistics (A.S.B.) and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health; Cardiology Division (G.D.L.) and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit (G.D.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard (G.D.L.), Cambridge, MA; and Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience (C.D.), University of California at Davis
| | - Charles DeCarli
- From the Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (N.L.S., R.S.V.), The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.L.S.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; the Framingham Heart Study (N.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., R.S.V., S.S.); Departments of Biostatistics (A.S.B.) and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health; Cardiology Division (G.D.L.) and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit (G.D.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard (G.D.L.), Cambridge, MA; and Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience (C.D.), University of California at Davis
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From the Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (N.L.S., R.S.V.), The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.L.S.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; the Framingham Heart Study (N.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., R.S.V., S.S.); Departments of Biostatistics (A.S.B.) and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health; Cardiology Division (G.D.L.) and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit (G.D.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard (G.D.L.), Cambridge, MA; and Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience (C.D.), University of California at Davis
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (N.L.S., R.S.V.), The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (N.L.S.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.H., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; the Framingham Heart Study (N.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., R.S.V., S.S.); Departments of Biostatistics (A.S.B.) and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health; Cardiology Division (G.D.L.) and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit (G.D.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard (G.D.L.), Cambridge, MA; and Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience (C.D.), University of California at Davis
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Aladin AI, Al Rifai M, Rasool SH, Keteyian SJ, Brawner CA, Michos ED, Blaha MJ, Al-Mallah MH, McEvoy JW. The Association of Resting Heart Rate and Incident Hypertension: The Henry Ford Hospital Exercise Testing (FIT) Project. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:251-7. [PMID: 26112864 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that sympathetic tone is associated with hypertension, we sought to determine whether resting heart rate (RHR), as a surrogate for cardiac autonomic function, was associated with incident hypertension. METHODS We analyzed 21,873 individuals without a history of hypertension who underwent a clinically indicated exercise stress test. Baseline RHR was assessed prior to testing and was categorized as <70, 70-85, and >85 beats-per-minute (bpm). Incident hypertension was defined by subsequent diagnosis codes for new-onset hypertension from three or more encounters. We tested for effect modification by age (<60 vs. ≥60 years), sex, race, and history of coronary heart disease (CHD). RESULTS Mean (±SD) age was 49 (±12) years, 55% were men and 21% were Black. Compared to the lowest RHR (<70 bpm) category, patients in the highest category (>85 bpm) were younger, more likely to be female, heavier, diabetic, and achieve lower metabolic equivalents (METS). Over a median of 4 years follow-up, there were 8,179 cases of incident hypertension. Compared to RHR <70 bpm, persons with RHR >85 bpm had increased risk of hypertension after adjustment for CHD risk factors, baseline blood pressure (BP), and METS (hazard ratio = 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.23)). Age was an effect modifier (interaction P = 0.02), whereas sex, race, and CHD were not. In age-stratified analyses the relationship remained significant only in those younger than 60 years. CONCLUSION Elevated RHR is an independent risk factor for incident hypertension, particularly in younger persons. Whether lifestyle modification or other strategies to reduce RHR can prevent incident hypertension in high-risk individuals warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amer I Aladin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shereen H Rasool
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Keteyian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Clinton A Brawner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Division of Cardiology and Imaging, King Abdul-Aziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - John W McEvoy
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kelly RK, Thomson R, Smith KJ, Dwyer T, Venn A, Magnussen CG. Factors Affecting Tracking of Blood Pressure from Childhood to Adulthood: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study. J Pediatr 2015; 167:1422-8.e2. [PMID: 26342719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the modifiable factors that alter the trajectory of blood pressure (BP) from childhood to adulthood. STUDY DESIGN This study investigated the BP of 798 participants (53% female) from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study who had BP measured when aged 9, 12, or 15 years, and at follow-up 20 years later. BP was classified as normal or elevated (prehypertensive or hypertensive) in childhood and adulthood. BP trajectory groups (persistently normal, resolution, incident elevated, persistently elevated) were established according to these classifications. Potentially modifiable factors measured at both examinations included body mass index, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, alcohol consumption, smoking, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Spearman correlation coefficients for BP tracking from childhood to adulthood were 0.31 (P < .001) for systolic BP and 0.16 (P < .001) for diastolic BP. Children with elevated BP had a 35% increased risk of elevated BP in adulthood compared with those with normal BP (relative risk 1.35, 95% CI 1.18-1.55, P < .001). Relative to those with persistently elevated BP, participants in the resolution group significantly decreased their body mass index z-score, decreased their alcohol consumption z-score, and increased their vegetable consumption z-score between childhood and adulthood. The proportion of participants with upwardly mobile socioeconomic status was significantly higher in the resolution group (41.2%) compared with the persistently elevated group (27.5%). CONCLUSIONS Resolution of elevated BP in the transition from childhood to adulthood appeared to be partially determined by modifiable factors associated with a healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Kelly
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Russell Thomson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kylie J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health/Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Juraschek SP, Blaha MJ, Whelton SP, Blumenthal R, Jones SR, Keteyian SJ, Schairer J, Brawner CA, Al-Mallah MH. Physical fitness and hypertension in a population at risk for cardiovascular disease: the Henry Ford ExercIse Testing (FIT) Project. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 3:e001268. [PMID: 25520327 PMCID: PMC4338714 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical fitness is protective against cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that increased fitness would be inversely associated with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the association of fitness with prevalent and incident hypertension in 57 284 participants from The Henry Ford ExercIse Testing (FIT) Project (1991–2009). Fitness was measured during a clinician‐referred treadmill stress test. Incident hypertension was defined as a new diagnosis of hypertension on 3 separate consecutive encounters derived from electronic medical records or administrative claims files. Analyses were performed with logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards models and were adjusted for hypertension risk factors. The mean age overall was 53 years, with 49% women and 29% black. Mean peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved was 9.2 (SD, 3.0). Fitness was inversely associated with prevalent hypertension even after adjustment (≥12 METs versus <6 METs; OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.80). During a median follow‐up period of 4.4 years (interquartile range: 2.2 to 7.7 years), there were 8053 new cases of hypertension (36.4% of 22 109 participants without baseline hypertension). The unadjusted 5‐year cumulative incidences across categories of METs (<6, 6 to 9, 10 to 11, and ≥12) were 49%, 41%, 30%, and 21%. After adjustment, participants achieving ≥12 METs had a 20% lower risk of incident hypertension compared to participants achieving <6 METs (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89). This relationship was preserved across strata of age, sex, race, obesity, resting blood pressure, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Higher fitness is associated with a lower probability of prevalent and incident hypertension independent of baseline risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Juraschek
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Adachi H, Enomoto M, Fukami A, Kumagai E, Nakamura S, Yoshimura A, Obuchi A, Hori K, Nohara Y, Nakao E, Fukumoto Y. Plasma Renin Activity and Resting Heart Rate in a Population of Community-Dwelling Japanese: The Tanushimaru Study. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:894-9. [PMID: 25498999 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate is a strong predictor of mortality and development of obesity and diabetes. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in blood pressure control and volume homeostasis. Although many studies have indicated the association between aldosterone and hypertension or insulin resistance, epidemiological evidence of the association of heart rate with plasma renin activity (PRA) remains scant. Therefore, we investigated whether heart rate is associated with PRA. METHODS A total of 1,943 subjects were enrolled, who underwent a health examination in Tanushimaru in 2009. Plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. PRA and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were used by natural-log transformed. Resting heart rate was measured using electrocardiography. RESULTS We divided the subjects into four groups by heart rate (<60/min, 60-69/min, 70-79/min, ≥80/ min), and analyzed an association between PRA and heart rate by analysis of covariance after adjustments for age and sex. The adjusted mean PRA and HOMA index showed a significant trend (P < 0.01) as higher heart rate, although there was no significant trend between aldosterone and heart rate (P = 0.26). In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, HOMA index, and hypertensive medication, PRA was positively and strongly associated with elevated heart rate (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This epidemiological study demonstrated that PRA, but not aldosterone, is significantly and positively associated with higher resting heart rate in a general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Adachi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan;
| | - Mika Enomoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ako Fukami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Eita Kumagai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Aya Obuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yume Nohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Erika Nakao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vigorous physical activity and carotid distensibility in young and mid-aged adults. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:355-60. [PMID: 25693850 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although physical activity (PA) improves arterial distensibility, it is unclear which type of activity is most beneficial. We aimed to examine the association of different types of PA with carotid distensibility (CD) and the mechanisms involved. Data included 4503 Australians and Finns aged 26-45 years. Physical activity was measured by pedometers and was self-reported. CD was measured using ultrasound. Other measurements included resting heart rate (RHR), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood pressure, biomarkers and anthropometry. Steps/day were correlated with RHR (Australian men r = -0.10, women r = - 0.14; Finnish men r = -0.15, women r = -0.11; P<0.01), CRF and biochemical markers, but not with CD. Self-reported vigorous leisure-time activity was more strongly correlated with RHR (Australian men r = -0.23, women r = -0.19; Finnish men r = -0.20, women r = -0.13; P < 0.001) and CRF, and was correlated with CD (Australian men r = 0.07; Finnish men r = 0.07, women r = 0.08; P < 0.05). This relationship of vigorous leisure-time activity with CD was mediated by RHR independently of potential confounders. In summary, vigorous leisure-time PA but not total or less intensive PA was associated with arterial distensibility in young to mid-aged adults. Promotion of vigorous PA is therefore recommended among this population. RHR was a key intermediary factor explaining the relationship between vigorous PA and arterial distensibility.
Collapse
|
37
|
FABIANI MONICA, LOW KATHYA, TAN CHINHONG, ZIMMERMAN BENJAMIN, FLETCHER MARKA, SCHNEIDER-GARCES NILS, MACLIN EDWARDL, CHIARELLI ANTONIOM, SUTTON BRADLEYP, GRATTON GABRIELE. Taking the pulse of aging: mapping pulse pressure and elasticity in cerebral arteries with optical methods. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:1072-88. [PMID: 25100639 PMCID: PMC9906973 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular support is crucial for healthy cognitive and brain aging. Arterial stiffening is a cause of reduced brain blood flow, a predictor of cognitive decline, and a risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents and Alzheimer's disease. Arterial health is influenced by lifestyle factors, such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We investigated new noninvasive optical measures of cerebrovascular health, which provide estimates of arterial pulse parameters (pulse pressure, transit time, and compliance/elasticity) within specific cerebral arteries and cortical regions, and low-resolution maps of large superficial cerebral arteries. We studied naturally occurring variability in these parameters in adults (aged 55-87), and found that these indices of cerebrovascular health are negatively correlated with age and positively with CRF and gray and white matter volumes. Further, regional pulse transit time predicts specific neuropsychological performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MONICA FABIANI
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - KATHY A. LOW
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - CHIN-HONG TAN
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - BENJAMIN ZIMMERMAN
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - MARK A. FLETCHER
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - NILS SCHNEIDER-GARCES
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - EDWARD L. MACLIN
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - ANTONIO M. CHIARELLI
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - BRADLEY P. SUTTON
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - GABRIELE GRATTON
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
O'Hartaigh B, Pahor M, Buford TW, Dodson JA, Forman DE, Gill TM. Physical activity and resting pulse rate in older adults: findings from a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2014; 168:597-604. [PMID: 25262271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated resting pulse rate (RPR) is a well-recognized risk factor for adverse outcomes. Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of regular exercise for lowering RPR, but studies are mainly confined to persons younger than 65 years. We set out to evaluate the utility of a physical activity (PA) intervention for slowing RPR among older adults. METHODS A total of 424 seniors (ages 70-89 years) were randomized to a moderate intensity PA intervention or an education-based "successful aging" health program. Resting pulse rate was assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Longitudinal differences in RPR were evaluated between treatment groups using generalized estimating equation models, reporting unstandardized β coefficients with robust SEs. RESULTS Increased frequency and duration of aerobic training were observed for the PA group at 6 and 12 months as compared with the successful aging group (P < .001). In both groups, RPR remained unchanged over the course of the 12-month study period (P = .67). No significant improvement was observed (β [SE] = 0.58 [0.88]; P = .51) for RPR when treatment groups were compared using the generalized estimating equation method. Comparable results were found after omitting participants with a pacemaker, cardiac arrhythmia, or who were receiving β-blockers. CONCLUSIONS Twelve months of moderate intensity aerobic training did not improve RPR among older adults. Additional studies are needed to determine whether PA of longer duration and/or greater intensity can slow RPR in older persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bríain O'Hartaigh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - John A Dodson
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas M Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huynh QL, Blizzard CL, Sharman JE, Magnussen CG, Dwyer T, Venn AJ. The cross-sectional association of sitting time with carotid artery stiffness in young adults. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004384. [PMID: 24604484 PMCID: PMC3948580 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity is negatively associated with arterial stiffness. However, the relationship between sedentary behaviour and arterial stiffness is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of sedentary behaviour with arterial stiffness among young adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING 34 study clinics across Australia during 2004-2006. PARTICIPANTS 2328 participants (49.4% male) aged 26-36 years who were followed up from a nationally representative sample of Australian schoolchildren in 1985. MEASUREMENTS Arterial stiffness was measured by carotid ultrasound. Sitting time per weekday and weekend day, and physical activity were self-reported by questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated as physical work capacity at a heart rate of 170 bpm. Anthropometry, blood pressure, resting heart rate and blood biochemistry were measured. Potential confounders, including strength training, education, smoking, diet, alcohol consumption and parity, were self-reported. Rank correlation was used for analysis. RESULTS Sitting time per weekend day, but not per weekday, was correlated with arterial stiffness (males r=0.11 p<0.01, females r=0.08, p<0.05) and cardiorespiratory fitness (males r = -0.14, females r = -0.08, p<0.05), and also with fatness and resting heart rate. One additional hour of sitting per weekend day was associated with 5.6% (males p=0.046) and 8.6% (females p=0.05) higher risk of having metabolic syndrome. These associations were independent of physical activity and other potential confounders. The association of sitting time per weekend day with arterial stiffness was not mediated by resting heart rate, fatness or metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a positive association of sitting time with arterial stiffness. The greater role of sitting time per weekend day in prediction of arterial stiffness and cardiometabolic risk than that of sitting time per weekday may be due to better reflection of discretionary sitting behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan L Huynh
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|