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Anticancer or carcinogenic? The role of estrogen receptor β in breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108350. [PMID: 36690079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is closely related to breast cancer (BC) progression. Traditional concepts regard ERβ as a tumor suppressor. As studies show the carcinogenic effect of ERβ, some people have come to a new conclusion that ERβ serves as a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer, while it is a carcinogen in ERα-negative breast cancer. However, we re-examine the role of ERβ and find this conclusion to be misleading based on the last decade's research. A large number of studies have shown that ERβ plays an anticancer role in both ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancers, and its carcinogenicity does not depend solely on the presence of ERα. Herein, we review the anticancer and oncogenic effects of ERβ on breast cancer progression in the past ten years, discuss the mechanism respectively, analyze the main reasons for the inconsistency and update ERβ selective ligand library. We believe a detailed and continuously updated review will help correct the one-sided understanding of ERβ, promoting ERβ-targeted breast cancer therapy.
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ERβ Isoforms Have Differential Clinical Significance in Breast Cancer Subtypes and Subgroups. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1564-1586. [PMID: 35723365 PMCID: PMC9164084 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ERβ, an ER subtype first identified in 1996, is highly expressed in different types of BCa including ERα-negative BCa and TNBC. Many studies on ERβ expression investigated mostly on ERβ1 protein expression in ERα-positive and ERα-negative BCa combined. The results are conflicting. This may be due to the complexity of ERβ isoforms, subject heterogeneity, and various study designs targeting different ERβ isoforms and either ERβ protein or mRNA expression, as well as to the lack of a standardized testing protocol. Herein, we simultaneously investigated both mRNA and protein expression of ERβ isoforms 1, 2, and 5 in different BCa subtypes and clinical characteristics. Patient samples (138) and breast cancer cell lines (BCC) reflecting different types of BCa were tested for ERα and ERβ mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR, as well as for protein expression of ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2, and ERβ5 isoforms, PR, HER2/neu, Ki-67, CK 5/6, and p53 using immunohistochemistry. Associations of ERβ isoform expression with clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. ERβ1, 2, and 5 isoforms are differentially expressed in different BCa subtypes including ERα-negative and TNBC. Each ERβ isoform seemingly plays a distinct role and is associated with clinical tumor characteristics and patient outcomes. ERβ isoform expression is significantly associated with >15% Ki-67 positivity and poor prognostic markers, and it predicts poorer OS, mostly in the subgroups. High ERβ2 and 5 isoform expression in ERα-negative BCa and TNBC is predictive of poor OS. Further investigation of ERβ isoforms in a larger cohort of BCa subgroups is needed to evaluate the role of ERβ for the potential usefulness of ERβ as a prognostic and predictive marker and for therapeutic use. The inconsistent outcomes of ERβ isoform mRNA or protein expression in many studies suggest that the standardization of ERβ testing would facilitate the use of ERβ in a clinical setting.
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Choi Y. Estrogen Receptor β Expression and Its Clinical Implication in Breast Cancers: Favorable or Unfavorable? J Breast Cancer 2022; 25:75-93. [PMID: 35380018 PMCID: PMC9065353 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2022.25.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two estrogen receptor (ER) genes (ESR1/ERα and ESR2/ERβ) in humans. Of those. ERβ, the second ER isotype identified in 1996, is differentially expressed in different phenotypes and molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BCa), and is highly expressed in ERα-negative BCa and triple-negative BCa (TNBC). This review summarizes the potential clinical relevance of ERβ in BCa and the challenges associated with studies on the role of ERβ in BCa. The experimental and clinical studies evaluating clinical outcomes and associations with clinical characteristics and responses to endocrine therapy on targeting ERβ reviewed herein indicate that ERβ is a clinically important biomarker in BCa. The reviewed studies also suggest that each ERβ isoform has a distinct role in BCa subtypes and the potential of novel- targeted therapies in BCa, especially ERα-negative BCa and TNBC. However, the findings of many studies on ERβ are inconsistent, and the exact role of ERβ in BCa remains elusive; this may potentially be attributed to the complexity of ERβ isoforms, but also to the lack of standardized testing protocol. Thus, successful clinical application of ERβ requires the development of standardized, reproducible, and objective measurement methods for ERβ that can be widely and routinely applied in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Hartsdale, NY, USA
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4
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Impact of subchronic variable stress on ovariectomy and dendritic spine density in prefrontal cortex in mice. Neuroreport 2021; 31:213-219. [PMID: 31895742 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder affects both women and men but females are two times more susceptible to the incidence of depression. The majority of stress models used male rodents, whereas fewer studies included females. Volumetric reductions have been reported in brain areas critical for the stress response, such as prefrontal cortex, and remodeling of dendritic spines has been proposed as an underlying factor. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of subchronic variable stress (SCVS) in males, sham, and specifically in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Here, we used 6 days SCVS model to induce depressive-like behavior, and only the OVX female mice showed the depressive-like behavior, while males showed resilient type behavior. Only OVX female mice showed significant increase in dendritic spine density in SCVS paradigm. Overall, this study suggests that (1) the effects SCVS produced on the behavior of males and OVX females and (2) SCVS may induce rapid and sustained changes of PL neurons, which highlights the importance of gonadal hormones in studying depression.
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Zhong Y, Ding B, Qian L, Wu W, Wen Y. Hormone Receptor Expression on Endocrine Therapy in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Am Surg 2020; 88:48-57. [PMID: 33382340 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820972327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of hormone receptor expression on endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer. METHODS The databases were used to collect the effect of high expression and low expression of hormone receptors on the efficacy of endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Two evaluators independently screened the literature based on preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the article was evaluated using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) system. The survival data included in the literature were extracted and the ln(hazard ratio (HR)) and se[ln(HR)] of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were calculated according to different level of hormone receptors. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to evaluate the meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 13 relevant literature were included in the study. There were 8318 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 7926 progesterone receptor (PR)-positive patients. Overall survival, DFS, and RFS rates in high expression of ER(+) patients were significantly higher in low expression of ER(+) patients (OS HR = .59, 95% confidence interval (CI): .46-.76, P < .0001; DFS HR = .62, 95%CI: .50-.76, P < .00001; RFS HR = .44, 95% CI: .33-.58, P < .00001). In patients with high expression of PR(+), OS, DFS, and RFS rates were significantly higher than those with low expression of PR(+) (OS HR = .66, 95% CI: .57-.78, P < .00001; DFS HR = .52, 95% CI: .42-.65, P < .00001; RFS HR = .24, 95% CI: .11-.53, P = .0004). CONCLUSION The expression of ER and PR are powerful predictors of adjuvant endocrine therapy response. Breast cancer patients with high expression of hormone receptors benefit more from endocrine therapy and have better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Zhong
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Boni Ding
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Liyuan Qian
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Yanguang Wen
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
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Szijgyarto Z, Flach KD, Opdam M, Palmieri C, Linn SC, Wesseling J, Ali S, Bliss JM, Cheang MCU, Zwart W, Coombes RC. Dissecting the predictive value of MAPK/AKT/estrogen-receptor phosphorylation axis in primary breast cancer to treatment response for tamoxifen over exemestane: a Translational Report of the Intergroup Exemestane Study (IES)-PathIES. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:149-163. [PMID: 30680659 PMCID: PMC6491661 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognostic and predictive values of the MAPK/AKT/ERα phosphorylation axis (pT202/T204MAPK, pT308AKT, pS473AKT, pS118ERα and pS167ERα) in primary tumours were assessed to determine whether these markers can differentiate between patient responses for switching adjuvant endocrine therapy after 2-3 years from tamoxifen to exemestane and continued tamoxifen monotherapy in the Intergroup Exemestane Study (IES). METHODS Of the 4724 patients in IES, 1506 were managed in a subset of centres (N = 89) participating in PathIES. These centres recruited 1282 (85%, 1282/1506) women into PathIES of whom 1036 had phospho-marker data. All phospho-markers were analysed by immunohistochemistry staining. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models of the phospho-markers for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were adjusted for clinicopathological factors. Treatment effects on the biomarker expression were determined by interaction tests. Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment for multiple testing with a false discovery rate of 10% was applied (pBH). RESULTS Phospho-T202/T204MAPK, pS118ERα and pS167ERα were all found to be correlated (pBH = 0.0002). These markers were not associated with either DFS or OS when controlling for the established clinicopathological factors. Interaction terms between the phospho-markers and treatment strategies for either DFS or OS were not statistically significant (pBH > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS This PathIES study confirmed previously described associations between the phosphorylation site markers of AKT, MAPK and ERα activity in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. No prognostic correlations between the phosphorylation markers and clinical outcome were found, nor were they predictive for clinical outcomes among patients who switched therapy over those treated with tamoxifen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szijgyarto
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG UK
| | - Koen D. Flach
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
- Academic Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, CH63 4JY UK
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Sabine C. Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Onology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Judith M. Bliss
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG UK
| | - Maggie Chon U. Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG UK
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
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Mosly D, Turnbull A, Sims A, Ward C, Langdon S. Predictive markers of endocrine response in breast cancer. World J Exp Med 2018; 8:1-7. [PMID: 30191138 PMCID: PMC6125140 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v8.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing clinical and research efforts seek to optimise the use of endocrine therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. Accurate biomarkers are needed that predict response for individual patients. The presence of the estrogen receptor (ER) as the direct (for tamoxifen and fulvestrant) or indirect (for aromatase inhibitors) target molecule for endocrine therapy remains the foremost biomarker and determinant of response. However, ER expression only poorly predicts outcome and further indicators of response or resistance are required. The development and application of molecular signature assays such as Oncotype Dx, Prosigna, Mammaprint and Endopredict have provided valuable information on prognosis and these are being used to support clinical decision making on whether endocrine therapy alone alongside surgery is sufficient for ER-positive early stage breast cancers or whether combination of endocrine with chemotherapy are also warranted. Ki67, the proliferation marker, has been widely used in the neo-adjuvant (pre-operative) setting to help predict response and long term outcome. Gene expression studies within the same setting have allowed monitoring of changes of potential predictive markers. These have identified frequent changes in estrogen-regulated and proliferation genes. Specific molecules such as mutant ER may also prove helpful biomarkers in predicting outcome and monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duniya Mosly
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratory, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Arran Turnbull
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratory, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratory, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
- the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Division of Pathology Laboratory, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
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Cheang MCU, Bliss JM, Viale G, Speirs V, Palmieri C, Shaaban A, Lønning PE, Morden J, Porta N, Jassem J, van De Velde CJ, Rasmussen BB, Verhoeven D, Bartlett JMS, Coombes RC. Evaluation of applying IHC4 as a prognostic model in the translational study of Intergroup Exemestane Study (IES): PathIES. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 168:169-178. [PMID: 29177605 PMCID: PMC5847042 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intergroup Exemestane Study (IES) was a randomised study that showed a survival benefit of switching adjuvant endocrine therapy after 2-3 years from tamoxifen to exemestane. This PathIES aimed to assess the role of immunohistochemical (IHC)4 score in determining the relative sensitivity to either tamoxifen or sequential treatment with tamoxifen and exemestane. PATIENTS AND METHODS Primary tumour samples were available for 1274 patients (27% of IES population). Only patients for whom the IHC4 score could be calculated (based on oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2 and Ki67) were included in this analysis (N = 430 patients). The clinical score (C) was based on age, grade, tumour size and nodal status. The association of clinicopathological parameters, IHC4(+C) scores and treatment effect with time to distant recurrence-free survival (TTDR) was assessed in univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. A modified clinical score (PathIEscore) (N = 350) was also estimated. RESULTS Our results confirm the prognostic importance of the original IHC4, alone and in conjunction with clinical scores, but no significant difference with treatment effects was observed. The combined IHC4 + Clinical PathIES score was prognostic for TTDR (P < 0.001) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.54 (95% CI 1.29-23.70) for a change from 1st quartile (Q1) to Q1-Q3 and HR of 15.54 (95% CI 3.70-65.24) for a change from Q1 to Q4. CONCLUSION In the PathIES population, the IHC4 score is useful in predicting long-term relapse in patients who remain disease-free after 2-3 years. This is a first trial to suggest the extending use of IHC4+C score for prognostic indication for patients who have switched endocrine therapies at 2-3 years and who remain disease-free after 2-3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C U Cheang
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU) Section of Clinical Trials, Sir Richard Doll Building, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - J M Bliss
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU) Section of Clinical Trials, Sir Richard Doll Building, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - G Viale
- Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - V Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - C Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - A Shaaban
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P E Lønning
- Department of Oncology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Morden
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU) Section of Clinical Trials, Sir Richard Doll Building, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - N Porta
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU) Section of Clinical Trials, Sir Richard Doll Building, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - J Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - C J van De Velde
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - B B Rasmussen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Verhoeven
- Department of Medical Oncology, AZ Klina, Braschaat, Belgium
| | - J M S Bartlett
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - R C Coombes
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Elebro K, Borgquist S, Rosendahl AH, Markkula A, Simonsson M, Jirström K, Rose C, Ingvar C, Jernström H. High Estrogen Receptor β Expression Is Prognostic among Adjuvant Chemotherapy-Treated Patients-Results from a Population-Based Breast Cancer Cohort. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:766-777. [PMID: 27810901 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Isoform-specific tumor estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression may hold prognostic information in breast cancer, especially among endocrine-treated breast cancer patients. The study's purpose was to evaluate ERβ isoform 1 (ERβ1) expression in relation to tumor characteristics, ESR2 genotypes, and prognosis in different treatment groups. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A population-based prospective cohort of 1,026 patients diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer in Lund, Sweden, between October 2002 and June 2012 was followed until June 2014 (median 5 years). Associations between immunohistochemical ERβ1 expression, patient and tumor characteristics, as well as outcome within treatment groups were analyzed. RESULTS Tumor ERβ1 expression was available for 911 patients (89%) and was not associated with ESR2 genotypes. ERβ1 positivity, defined as >75% (ERβ175+, 72.7%), was positively associated with established favorable tumor characteristics. Overall, ERβ175+ was associated with lower risk of breast cancer events [HRadj = 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-0.89]. The magnitude of the association was larger in patients with ERα- tumors (HRadj = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.76), compared with ERα+ tumors (HRadj = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.42-1.03). Among the 232 chemotherapy-treated patients, ERβ175+ tumors were associated with lower risk of breast cancer events compared with ERβ175- tumors (HRadj = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.64). Among the 671 chemonaïve patients, ERβ175 status was not associated with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS High ERβ1 expression was a favorable prognostic marker in this breast cancer cohort, especially in chemotherapy-treated patients, but not in endocrine therapy-treated patients. These results warrant confirmation, preferably via a biomarker study in a previously conducted randomized trial. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 766-77. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Ann H Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Markkula
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Simonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carsten Rose
- CREATE Health and Department of Immunotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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10
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Impact of estrogen receptor-β expression on breast cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 156:149-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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