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Coello AJ, Vargas P, Alameda‐Martín A, Cano E, Arjona Y, Fernández‐Mazuecos M. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic evidence for the colonization success of the diplochorous Astydamia latifolia across the Canary Islands. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11624. [PMID: 38966248 PMCID: PMC11222747 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Astydamia latifolia is the only species of the genus Astydamia, which forms an early-diverging lineage of Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae. This species is subendemic to the Canary Islands and one of the most representative species of the coastal environments of this archipelago. Astydamia displays diplochory, that is, diaspores with two long-distance dispersal (LDD) syndromes. In particular, A. latifolia has both anemochorous and thalassochorous fruit traits (corky and winged mericarps). Although we expect this species to have a high dispersal capacity, there is no genetic study addressing it. The divergence time of this species from its sister taxon is also unknown. In this study, we aimed (i) to unveil the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of A. latifolia; (ii) to reconstruct its phylogeographic structure across the Canary Islands; and (iii) to estimate the number of inter-island colonization events. To these ends, we first sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for A. latifolia, reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Astydamia and Apiaceae relatives and estimated divergence times. Then, two plastid DNA regions (psaI-aacD and psbK-trnS) were sequenced for 158 individuals (from 36 Canarian population and one NW African population) to reconstruct a haplotype network. The recently developed method Phylogeographic Analysis of Island Colonization Events (PAICE) was used to estimate the number of inter-island colonization events. Results show that A. latifolia is a phylogenetically isolated lineage that diverged from the most closely related genus (Molopospermum) in the Eocene-Miocene. It displays a low plastid DNA diversity (only four haplotypes detected), which is accompanied by a high degree of haplotype sharing between islands and highly linear rarefaction curves of colonization obtained in PAICE. These findings suggest a high colonization ability for this species, most likely related to the availability of two LDD syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Coello
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of BotanyNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Aitor Alameda‐Martín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Departamento de AgronomíaUniversidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | | | - Yurena Arjona
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of La LagunaSan Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain
| | - Mario Fernández‐Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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Fernández-Palacios JM, Otto R, Capelo J, Caujapé-Castells J, de Nascimento L, Duarte MC, Elias RB, García-Verdugo C, Menezes de Sequeira M, Médail F, Naranjo-Cigala A, Patiño J, Price J, Romeiras MM, Sánchez-Pinto L, Whittaker RJ. In defence of the entity of Macaronesia as a biogeographical region. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38888215 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Since its coinage ca. 1850 AD by Philip Barker Webb, the biogeographical region of Macaronesia, consisting of the North Atlantic volcanic archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira with the tiny Selvagens, the Canaries and Cabo Verde, and for some authors different continental coastal strips, has been under dispute. Herein, after a brief introduction on the terminology and purpose of regionalism, we recover the origins of the Macaronesia name, concept and geographical adscription, as well as its biogeographical implications and how different authors have positioned themselves, using distinct terrestrial or marine floristic and/or faunistic taxa distributions and relationships for accepting or rejecting the existence of this biogeographical region. Four main issues related to Macaronesia are thoroughly discussed: (i) its independence from the Mediterranean phytogeographical region; (ii) discrepancies according to different taxa analysed; (iii) its geographical limits and the role of the continental enclave(s), and, (iv) the validity of the phytogeographical region level. We conclude that Macaronesia has its own identity and a sound phytogeographical foundation, and that this is mainly based on three different floristic components that are shared by the Macaronesian core (Madeira and the Canaries) and the outermost archipelagos (Azores and Cabo Verde). These floristic components are: (i) the Palaeotropical-Tethyan Geoflora, formerly much more widely distributed in Europe and North Africa and currently restricted to the three northern archipelagos (the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries); (ii) the African Rand Flora, still extant in the coastal margins of Africa and Arabia, and present in the southern archipelagos (Madeira, the Canaries and Cabo Verde), and (iii) the Macaronesian neoendemic floristic component, represented in all the archipelagos, a result of allopatric diversification promoted by isolation of Mediterranean ancestors that manage to colonize Central Macaronesia and, from there, the outer archipelagos. Finally, a differentiating floristic component recently colonized the different archipelagos from the nearest continental coast, providing them with different biogeographic flavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Fernández-Palacios
- Grupo de Ecología y Biogeografía Insular, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal e Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Campus de Anchieta, Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38200, Spain
| | - Rüdiger Otto
- Grupo de Ecología y Biogeografía Insular, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal e Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Campus de Anchieta, Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38200, Spain
| | - Jorge Capelo
- Herbarium, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
- LEAF Research Centre - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, University of Lisbon, Tapada de Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo' - Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Carretera del Dragonal Km 7 (GC-310), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - Lea de Nascimento
- Grupo de Ecología y Biogeografía Insular, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal e Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Campus de Anchieta, Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38200, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Duarte
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Rui B Elias
- Azorean Biodiversity Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroismo, 9700-042, Portugal
| | - Carlos García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avenida de Fuente Nueva, s/n, Beiro, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Miguel Menezes de Sequeira
- Madeira Botanical Group (GBM), Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal, 9020-105, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Médail
- Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD. Campus Aix, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, 13545, France
| | - Agustín Naranjo-Cigala
- Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, c/ Pérez del Toro, 1, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35004, Spain
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38206, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Facultad de Farmacia. Apartado 456, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Código postal 38206, Spain
| | - Jonathan Price
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St, Hilo, HI, 96720-4091, USA
| | - Maria M Romeiras
- LEAF Research Centre - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, University of Lisbon, Tapada de Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Lázaro Sánchez-Pinto
- Museo de Ciencias Naturales, c/ Fuente Morales, 1, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38003, Spain
| | - Robert J Whittaker
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 2nd FL, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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Rincón-Barrado M, Villaverde T, Perez MF, Sanmartín I, Riina R. The sweet tabaiba or there and back again: phylogeographical history of the Macaronesian Euphorbia balsamifera. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:883-904. [PMID: 38197716 PMCID: PMC11082519 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biogeographical relationships between the Canary Islands and north-west Africa are often explained by oceanic dispersal and geographical proximity. Sister-group relationships between Canarian and eastern African/Arabian taxa, the 'Rand Flora' pattern, are rare among plants and have been attributed to the extinction of north-western African populations. Euphorbia balsamifera is the only representative species of this pattern that is distributed in the Canary Islands and north-west Africa; it is also one of few species present in all seven islands. Previous studies placed African populations of E. balsamifera as sister to the Canarian populations, but this relationship was based on herbarium samples with highly degraded DNA. Here, we test the extinction hypothesis by sampling new continental populations; we also expand the Canarian sampling to examine the dynamics of island colonization and diversification. METHODS Using target enrichment with genome skimming, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within E. balsamifera and between this species and its disjunct relatives. A single nucleotide polymorphism dataset obtained from the target sequences was used to infer population genetic diversity patterns. We used convolutional neural networks to discriminate among alternative Canary Islands colonization scenarios. KEY RESULTS The results confirmed the Rand Flora sister-group relationship between western E. balsamifera and Euphorbia adenensis in the Eritreo-Arabian region and recovered an eastern-western geographical structure among E. balsamifera Canarian populations. Convolutional neural networks supported a scenario of east-to-west island colonization, followed by population extinctions in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura and recolonization from Tenerife and Gran Canaria; a signal of admixture between the eastern island and north-west African populations was recovered. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the Surfing Syngameon Hypothesis for the colonization of the Canary Islands by E. balsamifera, but also a recent back-colonization to the continent. Populations of E. balsamifera from northwest Africa are not the remnants of an ancestral continental stock, but originated from migration events from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. This is further evidence that oceanic archipelagos are not a sink for biodiversity, but may be a source of new genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rincón-Barrado
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, 28014, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Tamara Villaverde
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Manolo F Perez
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB – URM 7205 CNRS), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, SU, EPHE & UA, Paris, France
| | | | - Ricarda Riina
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, 28014, Spain
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Coello AJ, Vargas P, Cano E, Riina R, Fernández-Mazuecos M. Phylogenetics and phylogeography of Euphorbia canariensis reveal an extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction but limited inter-island colonization. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:398-414. [PMID: 38444147 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Euphorbia canariensis is an iconic endemic species representative of the lowland xerophytic communities of the Canary Islands. It is widely distributed in the archipelago despite having diasporas unspecialized for long-distance dispersal. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of E. canariensis at two levels: a time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis aimed at clarifying interspecific relationships and large-scale biogeographic patterns; and a phylogeographic study focused on the history of colonization across the Canary Islands. For the phylogenetic study, we sequenced the ITS region for E. canariensis and related species of Euphorbia sect. Euphorbia. For the phylogeographic study, we sequenced two cpDNA regions for 28 populations representing the distribution range of E. canariensis. The number of inter-island colonization events was explored using PAICE, a recently developed method that includes a sample size correction. Additionally, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to evaluate environmental suitability for E. canariensis through time. Phylogenetic results supported a close relationship between E. canariensis and certain Southeast Asian species (E. epiphylloides, E. lacei, E. sessiliflora). In the Canaries, E. canariensis displayed a west-to-east colonization pattern, not conforming to the "progression rule", i.e. the concordance between phylogeographic patterns and island emergence times. We estimated between 20 and 50 inter-island colonization events, all of them in the Quaternary, and SDM suggested a late Quaternary increase in environmental suitability for E. canariensis. The extreme biogeographic disjunction between Macaronesia and Southeast Asia (ca. 11,000 km) parallels that found in a few other genera (Pinus, Dracaena). We hypothesize that these disjunctions are better explained by extinction across north Africa and southwest Asia rather than long-distance dispersal. The relatively low number of inter-island colonization events across the Canaries is congruent with the low dispersal capabilities of E. canariensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Coello
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Cano
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Riina
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bastin S, Reyes-Betancort JA, Siverio de la Rosa F, Percy DM. Origins of the central Macaronesian psyllid lineages (Hemiptera; Psylloidea) with characterization of a new island radiation on endemic Convolvulus floridus (Convolvulaceae) in the Canary Islands. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297062. [PMID: 38277393 PMCID: PMC10817144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A molecular survey of native and adventive psyllids in the central Macaronesian islands provides the first comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of the origins of the psyllid fauna of the Canary and Madeira archipelagos. We employ a maximum likelihood backbone constraint analysis to place the central Macaronesian taxa within the Psylloidea mitogenome phylogeny. The native psyllid fauna in these central Macaronesian islands results from an estimated 26 independent colonization events. Island host plants are predicted by host plants of continental relatives in nearly all cases and six plant genera have been colonized multiple times (Chamaecytisus, Convolvulus, Olea, Pistacia, Rhamnus, and Spartocytisus) from the continent. Post-colonization diversification varies from no further cladogenesis (18 events, represented by a single native taxon) to modest in situ diversification resulting in two to four native taxa and, surprisingly, given the diverse range of islands and habitats, only one substantial species radiation with more than four native species. Specificity to ancestral host plant genera or family is typically maintained during in situ diversification both within and among islands. Characterization of a recently discovered island radiation consisting of four species on Convolvulus floridus in the Canary Islands shows patterns and rates of diversification that reflect island topographic complexity and geological dynamism. Although modest in species diversity, this radiation is atypical in diversification on a single host plant species, but typical in the primary role of allopatry in the diversification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bastin
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad de Protección Vegetal, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Jardín de Aclimatación de La Oratava, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Felipe Siverio de la Rosa
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad de Protección Vegetal, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Diana M. Percy
- Botany Department and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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