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Duan YW, Ren MX, Gong YB, Tian B, Caujapé-Castells J. Editorial: Molecular ecology of plant sexual reproduction. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1362777. [PMID: 38328706 PMCID: PMC10847526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wen Duan
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan-Bing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Mort ME, Kerbs BR, Kelly JK, Silva LB, Moura M, de Sequeira MM, Santos-Guerra A, Schaefer H, Alfredo Reyes-Betancort J, Caujapé-Castells J, Crawford DJ. Multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) data resolve phylogenetic relationships within and among archipelagos in Macaronesian Tolpis. Am J Bot 2022; 109:952-965. [PMID: 35608078 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Plants endemic to oceanic archipelagos are suitable for studying evolution, being isolated on substrates of different ages. Evolution has been recent, rendering traditionally employed sequences insufficiently variable for resolving relationships. This study includes sampling in the genus Tolpis (Asteraceae) from the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, and expands upon an earlier study demonstrating the efficacy of multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) for resolving relationships in Canarian Tolpis. METHODS Genomic libraries for 90 accessions of Tolpis and two from the outgroup were generated for genotyping individuals using MSG. Loci were de novo assembled with iPyrad, which clusters MSG loci within and between samples. A maximum likelihood phylogeny was generated with RAxML. Ancestral area reconstruction was inferred using R package BioGeoBEARS. RESULTS MSG data recovered a highly resolved phylogeny from population to inter-archipelago levels. Ancestral area reconstruction provided biogeographic hypotheses for the radiation of Macaronesian Tolpis. CONCLUSIONS Four major clades were resolved. The Madeiran endemic T. macrorhiza is sister to other Tolpis. Species from the Canaries, Cape Verdes, and the continent are sister to T. succulenta from Madeira, which has a sister subclade of Azorean populations composed of T. succulenta and T. azorica. Population-level resolution suggests unrecognized taxa on several archipelagos. Ancestral reconstruction suggests initial dispersal from the continent to Madeira, with dispersal to the Azores, then dispersal from Madeira to the Canary Islands, with both subsequent dispersal to the Cape Verdes and back-dispersal to the continent. Single-island radiations and inter-island dispersal are implicated in divergence in Macaronesian Tolpis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Mort
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Benjamin R Kerbs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - John K Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Lurdes Borges Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus 13 A, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Mónica Moura
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus 13 A, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Miguel Menezes de Sequeira
- Madeira Botanical Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Campus Universitário da Penteada, University of Madeira, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, 9501-81, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Calle Guaidil 16, Urbanización Tamarco, Tegueste, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38280, Spain
| | - Hanno Schaefer
- Department of Life Science Systems, Plant Biodiversity Research, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - J Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Unidad de Botánica Aplicada, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava, Puerto de La Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino al Palmeral 15, Tafira Alta, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Daniel J Crawford
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and the Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045-7534, USA
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Brilhante M, Roxo G, Catarino S, dos Santos P, Reyes-Betancort JA, Caujapé-Castells J, Sequeira MM, Talhinhas P, Romeiras MM. Diversification of Aeonium Species Across Macaronesian Archipelagos: Correlations Between Genome-Size Variation and Their Conservation Status. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.607338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rich endemic flora of the Macaronesian Islands places these oceanic archipelagos among the top biodiversity hotspots worldwide. The radiations that have determined the evolution of many of these insular lineages resulted in a wealth of endemic species, many of which occur in a wide range of ecological niches, but show small distribution areas in each of them. Aeonium (Crassulaceae) is the most speciose lineage in the Canary Islands (ca. 40 taxa), and as such can be considered a good model system to understand the diversification dynamics of oceanic endemic floras. The present study aims to assess the genome size variation within Aeonium distribution, i.e., the Macaronesian archipelagos of Madeira, Canaries and Cabo Verde, and analyse it together with information on distribution (i.e., geography and conservation status), taxonomy (i.e., sections), morphological traits (i.e., growth-form), geological data (i.e., island's geological age), and environmental variables (i.e., altitude, annual mean temperature, and precipitation). Based on extensive fieldwork, a cytogeographic screening of 24 Aeonium species was performed. The conservation status of these species was assessed based on IUCN criteria. 61% of the taxa were found to be threatened (4% Endangered and 57% Vulnerable). For the first time, the genome size of a comprehensive sample of Aeonium across the Macaronesian archipelagos was estimated, and considerable differences in Cx-values were found, ranging from 0.984 pg (A. dodrantale) to 2.768 pg (A. gorgoneum). An overall positive correlation between genome size and conservation status was found, with the more endangered species having the larger genomes on average. However, only slight relationships were found between genome size, morphological traits, and environmental variables. These results underscore the importance of characterizing the cytogenomic diversity and conservation status of endemic plants found in Macaronesian Islands, providing, therefore, new data to establish conservation priorities.
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Jaén-Molina R, Marrero-Rodríguez Á, Caujapé-Castells J, Ojeda DI. Molecular phylogenetics of Lotus (Leguminosae) with emphasis in the tempo and patterns of colonization in the Macaronesian region. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106970. [PMID: 33031929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With a wide distribution range including Europe and Asia, Lotus (Leguminosae) represents the largest genus within Loteae. It is particularly diverse in the Mediterreanean region and in the five archipelagos of Macaronesia (Atlantic Ocean). However, little is known about the relationships among the 14 sections currently recognized within Lotus and about the timing and patterns of its colonization in the Macaronesian region. In this investigation, we use four DNA regions (nuclear ribosomal ITS plus three plastid regions) in the most comprehensive sampling of Lotus species to date (some endemic species within the Canary Islands were poorly represented in previous phylogenetic analyses) to infer relationships within this genus and to establish patterns of colonization in Macaronesia. Divergence time estimates and habitat reconstruction analyses indicate that Lotus likely diverged about 7.86 Ma from its sister group, but all colonization events to Macaronesia occurred more recently (ranging from the last 0.23 to 2.70 Ma). The diversification of Lotus in Macaronesia involved between four and six independent colonization events from four sections currently distributed in Africa and Europe. A major aspect shaping the current distribution of taxa involved intra-island colonization of mainly new habitats and inter-island colonization of mostly similar habitats, with Gran Canaria and Tenerife as the major sources of diversification and of further colonization events. Section Pedrosia is the most diverse in terms of colonization events, number of species, and habitat heterogeneity, including a back-colonization event to the continent. Subsections within Pedrosia radiated into diverse habitat types recently (late Pleistocene, ca 0.23-0.29 Ma) and additional molecular markers and sampling would be necessary to understand the most recent dispersal events of this group within the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Jaén-Molina
- Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo'-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Águedo Marrero-Rodríguez
- Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo'-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo'-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Dario I Ojeda
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås, Norway
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Gramazio P, Jaén-Molina R, Vilanova S, Prohens J, Marrero Á, Caujapé-Castells J, Anderson GJ. Fostering Conservation via an Integrated Use of Conventional Approaches and High-Throughput SPET Genotyping: A Case Study Using the Endangered Canarian Endemics Solanum lidii and S. vespertilio (Solanaceae). Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:757. [PMID: 32754166 PMCID: PMC7381301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Islands provide unique opportunities to integrated research approaches to study evolution and conservation because boundaries are circumscribed, geological ages are often precise, and many taxa are greatly imperiled. We combined morphological and hybridization studies with high-throughput genotyping platforms to streamline relationships in the endangered monophyletic and highly diverse lineage of Solanum in the Canarian archipelago, where three endemic taxa are currently recognized. Inter-taxa hybridizations were performed, and morphological expression was assessed with a common-garden approach. Using the eggplant Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) platform with 5,093 probes, 74 individuals of three endemic taxa (Solanum lidii, S. vespertilio subsp. vespertilio, and S. vespertilio subsp. doramae) were sampled for SNPs. While morphological and breeding studies showed clear distinctions and some continuous variation, inter-taxon hybrids were fertile and heterotic for vigor traits. SPET genotyping revealed 1,421 high-quality SNPs and supported four, not three, distinct taxonomic entities associated with post-emergence geological, ecological and geographic factors of the islands. Given the lack of barriers to hybridization among all the taxa and their molecular differences, great care must be taken in population management. Conservation strategies must take account of the sexual and breeding systems and genotypic distribution among populations to successfully conserve and restore threatened/endangered island taxa, as exemplified by Solanum on the Canary Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gramazio
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruth Jaén-Molina
- Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo” – Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Santiago Vilanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Águedo Marrero
- Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo” – Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo” – Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Gregory J. Anderson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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García-Verdugo C, Caujapé-Castells J, Mairal M, Monroy P. How repeatable is microevolution on islands? Patterns of dispersal and colonization-related plant traits in a phylogeographical context. Ann Bot 2019; 123:557-568. [PMID: 30380011 PMCID: PMC6377097 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Archipelagos provide a valuable framework for investigating phenotypic evolution under different levels of geographical isolation. Here, we analysed two co-distributed, widespread plant lineages to examine if incipient island differentiation follows parallel patterns of variation in traits related to dispersal and colonization. METHODS Twenty-one populations of two anemochorous Canarian endemics, Kleinia neriifolia and Periploca laevigata, were sampled to represent mainland congeners and two contrasting exposures across all the main islands. Leaf size, seed size and dispersability (estimated as diaspore terminal velocity) were characterized in each population. For comparison, dispersability was also measured in four additional anemochorous island species. Plastid DNA data were used to infer genetic structure and to reconstruct the phylogeographical pattern of our focal species. KEY RESULTS In both lineages, mainland-island phenotypic divergence probably started within a similar time frame (i.e. Plio-Pleistocene). Island colonization implied parallel increases in leaf size and dispersability, but seed size showed opposite patterns of variation between Kleinia and Periploca species pairs. Furthermore, dispersability in our focal species was low when compared with other island plants, mostly due to large diaspore sizes. At the archipelago scale, island exposure explained a significant variation in leaf size across islands, but not in dispersability or seed size. Combined analyses of genetic and phenotypic data revealed two consistent patterns: (1) extensive within-island but very limited among-island dispersal, and (2) recurrent phenotypic differentiation between older (central) and younger (peripheral) island populations. CONCLUSIONS Leaf size follows a more predictable pattern than dispersability, which is affected by stochastic shifts in seed size. Increased dispersability is associated with high population connectivity at the island scale, but does not preclude allopatric divergence among islands. In sum, phenotypic convergent patterns between species suggest a major role of selection, but deviating traits also indicate the potential contribution of random processes, particularly on peripheral islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Mairal
- Department of Botany, Charles University Faculty of Science, Albertov, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pedro Monroy
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Borges PA, Cardoso P, Fattorini S, Rigal F, Matthews TJ, Di Biase L, Amorim IR, Florencio M, Borda-de-Água L, Rego C, Pereira F, Nunes R, Carvalho R, Ferreira MT, López H, Pérez Delgado AJ, Otto R, Fernández Lugo S, De Nascimento L, Caujapé-Castells J, Casquet J, Danflous S, Fournel J, Sadeyen AM, Elias RB, Fernández-Palacios JM, Oromí P, Thébaud C, Strasberg D, Emerson BC. Community structure of woody plants on islands along a bioclimatic gradient. Frontiers of Biogeography 2018. [DOI: 10.21425/f5fbg40295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Mairal M, Caujapé-Castells J, Pellissier L, Jaén-Molina R, Álvarez N, Heuertz M, Sanmartín I. A tale of two forests: ongoing aridification drives population decline and genetic diversity loss at continental scale in Afro-Macaronesian evergreen-forest archipelago endemics. Ann Bot 2018; 122:1005-1017. [PMID: 29905771 PMCID: PMC6266103 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Various studies and conservationist reports have warned about the contraction of the last subtropical Afro-Macaronesian forests. These relict vegetation zones have been restricted to a few oceanic and continental islands around the edges of Africa, due to aridification. Previous studies on relict species have generally focused on glacial effects on narrow endemics; however, little is known about the effects of aridification on the fates of previously widespread subtropical lineages. METHODS Nuclear microsatellites and ecological niche modelling were used to understand observed patterns of genetic diversity in two emblematic species, widely distributed in these ecosystems: Canarina eminii (a palaeoendemic of the eastern Afromontane forests) and Canarina canariensis (a palaeoendemic of the Canarian laurel forests). The software DIYABC was used to test alternative demographic scenarios and an ensemble method was employed to model potential distributions of the selected plants from the end of the deglaciation to the present. KEY RESULTS All the populations assessed experienced a strong and recent population decline, revealing that locally widespread endemisms may also be alarmingly threatened. CONCLUSIONS The detected extinction debt, as well as the extinction spiral to which these populations are subjected, demands urgent conservation measures for the unique, biodiversity-rich ecosystems that they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mairal
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Jaén-Molina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nadir Álvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Dorigny, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabel Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, Madrid, Spain
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Kerbs B, Ressler J, Kelly JK, Mort ME, Santos-Guerra A, Gibson MJS, Caujapé-Castells J, Crawford DJ. The potential role of hybridization in diversification and speciation in an insular plant lineage: insights from synthetic interspecific hybrids. AoB Plants 2017; 9:plx043. [PMID: 29225761 PMCID: PMC5714139 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is recognized as an important process in plant evolution, and this may be particularly true for island plants where several biotic and abiotic factors facilitate interspecific hybridization. Although rarely done, experimental studies could provide insights into the potential of natural hybridization to generate diversity when species come into contact in the dynamic island setting. The potential of hybridization to generate morphological variation was analysed within and among 12 families (inbred lines) of an F4 hybrid generation between two species of Tolpis endemic to the Canary Islands. Combinations of characters not seen in the parents were present in hybrids. Several floral and vegetative characters were transgressive relative to their parents. Morphometric studies of floral, vegetative and fruit characters revealed that several F4 families were phenotypically distinct from other families, and from their parents. The study demonstrates that morphologically distinct pollen-fertile lines, potentially worthy of taxonomic recognition if occurring in nature, can be generated in four generations. The ability of the hybrid lines to set self-seed would reduce gene flow among the lines, and among the hybrids and their parental species. Selfing would also facilitate the fixation of characters within each of the lines. Overall, the results show the considerable potential of hybridization for generating diversity and distinct phenotypes in island lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kerbs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801, USA
| | - Jacob Ressler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - John K Kelly
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
| | - Mark E Mort
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Calle Guaidil 16, Urbanización Tamarco, 38280 Tegueste, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico 13 Canario “Viera y Clavijo”-Unidad Asociada al CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Camino del palmeral 14 15 (Tafira Alta), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Daniel J Crawford
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and the Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
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Yang JY, Ojeda DI, Santos-Guerra A, Molina RJ, Caujapé-Castells J, Cronk Q. Population differentiation in relation to conservation: nuclear microsatellite variation in the Canary Island endemic Lotus sessilifolius (Fabaceae). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-017-0778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cicconardi F, Borges PAV, Strasberg D, Oromí P, López H, Pérez-Delgado AJ, Casquet J, Caujapé-Castells J, Fernández-Palacios JM, Thébaud C, Emerson BC. MtDNA metagenomics reveals large-scale invasion of belowground arthropod communities by introduced species. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3104-3115. [PMID: 28139037 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using a series of standardized sampling plots within forest ecosystems in remote oceanic islands, we reveal fundamental differences between the structuring of aboveground and belowground arthropod biodiversity that are likely due to large-scale species introductions by humans. Species of beetle and spider were sampled almost exclusively from single islands, while soil-dwelling Collembola exhibited more than tenfold higher species sharing among islands. Comparison of Collembola mitochondrial metagenomic data to a database of more than 80 000 Collembola barcode sequences revealed almost 30% of sampled island species are genetically identical, or near identical, to individuals sampled from often very distant geographic regions of the world. Patterns of mtDNA relatedness among Collembola implicate human-mediated species introductions, with minimum estimates for the proportion of introduced species on the sampled islands ranging from 45% to 88%. Our results call for more attention to soil mesofauna to understand the global extent and ecological consequences of species introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicconardi
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, a-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambiente, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila s/n, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Dominique Strasberg
- UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de La Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744, Saint Denis Cedex 9, Reunion Island, France
| | - Pedro Oromí
- Departamento de Biología Animal y Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Heriberto López
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, IPNA-CSIC, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio J Pérez-Delgado
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, IPNA-CSIC, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juliane Casquet
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo' - Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group, Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38206, Spain
| | - Christophe Thébaud
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-ENFA, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Brent C Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, IPNA-CSIC, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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12
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Jiménez A, Weigelt B, Santos-Guerra A, Caujapé-Castells J, Fernández-Palacios JM, Conti E. Surviving in isolation: genetic variation, bottlenecks and reproductive strategies in the Canarian endemic Limonium macrophyllum (Plumbaginaceae). Genetica 2017; 145:91-104. [PMID: 28108874 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oceanic archipelagos are typically rich in endemic taxa, because they offer ideal conditions for diversification and speciation in isolation. One of the most remarkable evolutionary radiations on the Canary Islands comprises the 16 species included in Limonium subsection Nobiles, all of which are subject to diverse threats, and legally protected. Since many of them are single-island endemics limited to one or a few populations, there exists a risk that a loss of genetic variation might limit their long-term survival. In this study, we used eight newly developed microsatellite markers to characterize the levels of genetic variation and inbreeding in L. macrophyllum, a species endemic to the North-east of Tenerife that belongs to Limonium subsection Nobiles. We detected generally low levels of genetic variation over all populations (H T = 0.363), and substantial differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.188; R ST = 0.186) coupled with a negligible degree of inbreeding (F = 0.042). Obligate outcrossing may have maintained L. macrophyllum relatively unaffected by inbreeding despite the species' limited dispersal ability and the genetic bottlenecks likely caused by a prolonged history of grazing. Although several factors still constitute a risk for the conservation of L. macrophyllum, the lack of inbreeding and the recent positive demographic trends observed in the populations of this species are factors that favour its future persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Jiménez
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Weigelt
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Calle Guaidil 16, 38280, Tegueste, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo" - Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino al palmeral 15, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38109, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Jones KE, Pérez-Espona S, Reyes-Betancort JA, Pattinson D, Caujapé-Castells J, Hiscock SJ, Carine MA. Why do different oceanic archipelagos harbour contrasting levels of species diversity? The macaronesian endemic genus Pericallis (Asteraceae) provides insight into explaining the 'Azores diversity Enigma'. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:202. [PMID: 27717307 PMCID: PMC5055660 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oceanic archipelagos typically harbour extensive radiations of flowering plants and a high proportion of endemics, many of which are restricted to a single island (Single Island Endemics; SIEs). The Azores represents an anomaly as overall levels of endemism are low; there are few SIEs and few documented cases of intra-archipelago radiations. The distinctiveness of the flora was first recognized by Darwin and has been referred to as the ‘Azores Diversity Enigma’ (ADE). Diversity patterns in the Macaronesian endemic genus Pericallis (Asteraceae) exemplify the ADE. In this study we used morphometric, Amplified Length Polymorphisms, and bioclimatic data for herbaceous Pericallis lineages endemic to the Azores and the Canaries, to test two key hypotheses proposed to explain the ADE: i) that it is a taxonomic artefact or Linnean shortfall, ie. the under description of taxa in the Azores or the over-splitting of taxa in the Canaries and (ii) that it reflects the greater ecological homogeneity of the Azores, which results in limited opportunity for ecological diversification compared to the Canaries. Results In both the Azores and the Canaries, morphological patterns were generally consistent with current taxonomic classifications. However, the AFLP data showed no genetic differentiation between the two currently recognized Azorean subspecies that are ecologically differentiated. Instead, genetic diversity in the Azores was structured geographically across the archipelago. In contrast, in the Canaries genetic differentiation was mostly consistent with morphology and current taxonomic treatments. Both Azorean and Canarian lineages exhibited ecological differentiation between currently recognized taxa. Conclusions Neither a Linnean shortfall nor the perceived ecological homogeneity of the Azores fully explained the ADE-like pattern observed in Pericallis. Whilst variation in genetic data and morphological data in the Canaries were largely congruent, this was not the case in the Azores, where genetic patterns reflected inter-island geographical isolation, and morphology reflected intra-island bioclimatic variation. The combined effects of differences in (i) the extent of geographical isolation, (ii) population sizes and (iii) geographical occupancy of bioclimatic niche space, coupled with the morphological plasticity of Pericallis, may all have contributed to generating the contrasting patterns observed in the archipelagos. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0766-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Jones
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 6-8, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
| | - S Pérez-Espona
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C./ Américo Vespucio s/n, Sevilla, E-41092, Spain
| | - J A Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de La Oratava (ICIA), C/Retama 2, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, 38400, Spain
| | - D Pattinson
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SE7 5ED, UK.,Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - J Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada al CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Camino del palmeral 15 (Tafira Alta), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - S J Hiscock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - M A Carine
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SE7 5ED, UK
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Kondraskov P, Schütz N, Schüßler C, de Sequeira MM, Guerra AS, Caujapé-Castells J, Jaén-Molina R, Marrero-Rodríguez Á, Koch MA, Linder P, Kovar-Eder J, Thiv M. Biogeography of Mediterranean Hotspot Biodiversity: Re-Evaluating the 'Tertiary Relict' Hypothesis of Macaronesian Laurel Forests. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132091. [PMID: 26173113 PMCID: PMC4501571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Macaronesian laurel forests (MLF) are dominated by trees with a laurophyll habit comparable to evergreen humid forests which were scattered across Europe and the Mediterranean in the Paleogene and Neogene. Therefore, MLF are traditionally regarded as an old, 'Tertiary relict' vegetation type. Here we address the question if key taxa of the MLF are relictual. We evaluated the relict hypothesis consulting fossil data and analyses based on molecular phylogenies of 18 representative species. For molecular dating we used the program BEAST, for ancestral trait reconstructions BayesTraits and Lagrange to infer ancestral areas. Our molecular dating showed that the origins of four species date back to the Upper Miocene while 14 originated in the Plio-Pleistocene. This coincides with the decline of fossil laurophyllous elements in Europe since the middle Miocene. Ancestral trait and area reconstructions indicate that MLF evolved partly from pre-adapted taxa from the Mediterranean, Macaronesia and the tropics. According to the fossil record laurophyllous taxa existed in Macaronesia since the Plio- and Pleistocene. MLF are composed of species with a heterogeneous origin. The taxa dated to the Pleistocene are likely not 'Tertiary relicts'. Some species may be interpreted as relictual. In this case, the establishment of most species in the Plio-Pleistocene suggests that there was a massive species turnover before this time. Alternatively, MLF were largely newly assembled through global recruitment rather than surviving as relicts of a once more widespread vegetation. This process may have possibly been triggered by the intensification of the trade winds at the end of the Pliocene as indicated by proxy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kondraskov
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Dept. Biodiversity und Plant Systematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Schütz
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Schüßler
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Dept. Biodiversity und Plant Systematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardin Botanico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ruth Jaén-Molina
- Jardin Botanico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Águedo Marrero-Rodríguez
- Jardin Botanico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcus A. Koch
- Dept. Biodiversity und Plant Systematics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Linder
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Kovar-Eder
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mike Thiv
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Mort ME, Crawford DJ, Kelly JK, Santos-Guerra A, Menezes de Sequeira M, Moura M, Caujapé-Castells J. Multiplexed-shotgun-genotyping data resolve phylogeny within a very recently derived insular lineage. Am J Bot 2015; 102:634-41. [PMID: 25878096 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Endemic plants on oceanic islands have long served as model systems for studying patterns and processes of evolution. However, phylogenetic studies of island plants frequently illustrate a decoupling of molecular divergence and ecological/morphological diversity, resulting in phylogenies lacking the resolution required to interpret patterns of evolution in a phylogenetic context. The current study uses the primarily Macaronesian flowering plant genus Tolpis to illustrate the utility of multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) for resolving relationships at relatively deep (among archipelagos) and very shallow (within archipelagos) nodes in this small, yet diverse insular plant lineage that had not been resolved with other molecular markers. METHODS Genomic libraries for 27 accessions of Macaronesian Tolpis were generated for genotyping individuals using MSG, a form of reduced-representation sequencing, similar to restriction-site-associated DNA markers (RADseq). The resulting data files were processed using the program pyRAD, which clusters MSG loci within and between samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the aligned data matrix were conducted using RAxML. KEY RESULTS Analysis of MSG data recovered a highly resolved phylogeny with generally strong support, including the first robust inference of relationships within the highly diverse Canary Island clade of Tolpis. CONCLUSIONS The current study illustrates the utility of MSG data for resolving relationships in lineages that have undergone recent, rapid diversification resulting in extensive ecological and morphological diversity. We suggest that a similar approach may prove generally useful for other rapid plant radiations where resolving phylogeny has been difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Mort
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute; University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA
| | - Daniel J Crawford
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute; University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA
| | - John K Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Calle Guaidil 16, Urbanización Tamarco, Tegueste, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain 38280
| | | | - Mónica Moura
- Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Biologia, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardin Botanico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria; Camino al Palmeral 15, Tafira Alta 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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16
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García-Verdugo C, Sajeva M, La Mantia T, Harrouni C, Msanda F, Caujapé-Castells J. Do island plant populations really have lower genetic variation than mainland populations? Effects of selection and distribution range on genetic diversity estimates. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:726-41. [PMID: 25580539 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary studies largely assume that island populations display low levels of neutral genetic variation. However, this notion has only been formally tested in a few cases involving plant taxa, and the confounding effect of selection on genetic diversity (GD) estimates based on putatively neutral markers has typically been overlooked. Here, we generated nuclear microsatellite and plastid DNA sequence data in Periploca laevigata, a plant taxon with an island-mainland distribution area, to (i) investigate whether selection affects GD estimates of populations across contrasting habitats; and (ii) test the long-standing idea that island populations have lower GD than their mainland counterparts. Plastid data showed that colonization of the Canary Islands promoted strong lineage divergence within P. laevigata, which was accompanied by selective sweeps at several nuclear microsatellite loci. Inclusion of loci affected by strong divergent selection produced a significant downward bias in the GD estimates of the mainland lineage, but such underestimates were substantial (>14%) only when more than one loci under selection were included in the computations. When loci affected by selection were removed, we did not find evidence that insular Periploca populations have less GD than their mainland counterparts. The analysis of data obtained from a comprehensive literature survey reinforced this result, as overall comparisons of GD estimates between island and mainland populations were not significant across plant taxa (N = 66), with the only exception of island endemics with narrow distributions. This study suggests that identification and removal of markers potentially affected by selection should be routinely implemented in estimates of GD, particularly if different lineages are compared. Furthermore, it provides compelling evidence that the expectation of low GD cannot be generalized to island plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo' - Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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17
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Ojeda DI, Santos-Guerra A, Oliva-Tejera F, Jaen-Molina R, Caujapé-Castells J, Marrero-Rodríguez A, Cronk Q. DNA barcodes successfully identified Macaronesian Lotus (Leguminosae) species within early diverged lineages of Cape Verde and mainland Africa. AoB Plants 2014; 6:plu050. [PMID: 25147310 PMCID: PMC4168286 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant DNA barcoding currently relies on the application of a two-locus combination, matK + rbcL. Despite the universality of these two gene regions across plants, it is suspected that this combination might not have sufficient variation to discriminate closely related species. In this study, we tested the performance of this two-locus plant barcode along with the additional plastid regions trnH-psbA, rpoC1 and rpoB and the nuclear region internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) in a group of 38 species of Lotus from the Macaronesian region. The group has radiated into the five archipelagos within this region from mid-Miocene to early Pleistocene, and thus provides both early divergent and recent radiations that pose a particularly difficult challenge for barcoding. The group also has 10 species considered under different levels of conservation concern. We found different levels of species discrimination depending on the age of the lineages. We obtained 100 % of the species identification from mainland Africa and Cape Verde when all six regions were combined. These lineages radiated >4.5 Mya; however, in the most recent radiations from the end of the Pliocene to the mid-Pleistocene (3.5-1.5 Mya), only 30 % of the species were identified. Of the regions examined, the intergenic region trnH-psbA was the most variable and had the greatest discriminatory power (18 %) of the plastid regions when analysed alone. The nrITS region was the best region when analysed alone with a discriminatory power of 26 % of the species. Overall, we identified 52 % of the species and 30 % of the endangered or threatened species within this group when all six regions were combined. Our results are consistent with those of other studies that indicate that additional approaches to barcoding will be needed in recently evolved groups, such as the inclusion of faster evolving regions from the nuclear genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario I Ojeda
- The Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6804 SW Marine Drive, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Felicia Oliva-Tejera
- Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo'-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ruth Jaen-Molina
- Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo'-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo'-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aguedo Marrero-Rodríguez
- Jardín Botánico Canario 'Viera y Clavijo'-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Quentin Cronk
- The Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6804 SW Marine Drive, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Jaén-Molina R, Marrero-Rodríguez Á, Reyes-Betancort JA, Santos-Guerra A, Naranjo-Suárez J, Caujapé-Castells J. Molecular taxonomic identification in the absence of a ‘barcoding gap’: a test with the endemic flora of the Canarian oceanic hotspot. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 15:42-56. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Jaén-Molina
- Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo”-Unidad Asociada CSIC; Cabildo de Gran Canaria; Apartado de correos 14 de Tafira Alta 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
- Fundación Canaria Amurga Maspalomas; Avda. Tirajana 39, II 6 35100 San Bartolomé de Tirajana Spain
| | - Águedo Marrero-Rodríguez
- Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo”-Unidad Asociada CSIC; Cabildo de Gran Canaria; Apartado de correos 14 de Tafira Alta 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Unidad de Botánica Aplicada; Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava (ICIA); c/Retama 2 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Unidad de Botánica Aplicada; Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava (ICIA); c/Retama 2 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife Spain
| | - José Naranjo-Suárez
- Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo”-Unidad Asociada CSIC; Cabildo de Gran Canaria; Apartado de correos 14 de Tafira Alta 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo”-Unidad Asociada CSIC; Cabildo de Gran Canaria; Apartado de correos 14 de Tafira Alta 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
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Fernández-Pascual E, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Caujapé-Castells J, Jaén-Molina R, Díaz TE. A local dormancy cline is related to the seed maturation environment, population genetic composition and climate. Ann Bot 2013; 112:937-45. [PMID: 23864001 PMCID: PMC3747807 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seed dormancy varies within species in response to climate, both in the long term (through ecotypes or clines) and in the short term (through the influence of the seed maturation environment). Disentangling both processes is crucial to understand plant adaptation to environmental changes. In this study, the local patterns of seed dormancy were investigated in a narrow endemic species, Centaurium somedanum, in order to determine the influence of the seed maturation environment, population genetic composition and climate. METHODS Laboratory germination experiments were performed to measure dormancy in (1) seeds collected from different wild populations along a local altitudinal gradient and (2) seeds of a subsequent generation produced in a common garden. The genetic composition of the original populations was characterized using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) PCR and principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA), and its correlation with the dormancy patterns of both generations was analysed. The effect of the local climate on dormancy was also modelled. KEY RESULTS An altitudinal dormancy cline was found in the wild populations, which was maintained by the plants grown in the common garden. However, seeds from the common garden responded better to stratification, and their release from dormancy was more intense. The patterns of dormancy variation were correlated with genetic composition, whereas lower temperature and summer precipitation at the population sites predicted higher dormancy in the seeds of both generations. CONCLUSIONS The dormancy cline in C. somedanum is related to a local climatic gradient and also corresponds to genetic differentiation among populations. This cline is further affected by the weather conditions during seed maturation, which influence the receptiveness to dormancy-breaking factors. These results show that dormancy is influenced by both long-and short-term climatic variation. Such processes at such a reduced spatial scale highlight the potential of plants to adapt to fast environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernández-Pascual
- Jardín Botánico Atlántico, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. del Jardín Botánico 2230, 33394 Gijón/Xixón, Spain.
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de Paz JP, Caujapé-Castells J. A review of the allozyme data set for the Canarian endemic flora: causes of the high genetic diversity levels and implications for conservation. Ann Bot 2013; 111:1059-73. [PMID: 23609020 PMCID: PMC3662517 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Allozyme and reproductive data sets for the Canarian flora are updated in order to assess how the present levels and structuring of genetic variation have been influenced by the abiotic island traits and by phylogenetically determined biotic traits of the corresponding taxa; and in order to suggest conservation guidelines. Methods Kruskal-Wallis tests are conducted to assess the relationships of 27 variables with genetic diversity (estimated by A, P, Ho and He) and structuring (GST) of 123 taxa representing 309 populations and 16 families. Multiple linear regression analyses (MLRAs) are carried out to determine the relative influence of the less correlated significant abiotic and biotic factors on the genetic diversity levels. Key Results and Conclusions The interactions between biotic features of the colonizing taxa and the abiotic island features drive plant diversification in the Canarian flora. However, the lower weight of closeness to the mainland than of (respectively) high basic chromosome number, partial or total self-incompatibility and polyploidy in the MLRAs indicates substantial phylogenetic constraint; the importance of a high chromosome number is feasibly due to the generation of a larger number of linkage groups, which increase gametic and genotypic diversity. Genetic structure is also more influenced by biotic factors (long-range seed dispersal, basic chromosome number and partial or total self-incompatibility) than by distance to the mainland. Conservation-wise, genetic structure estimates (FST/GST) only reflect endangerment under intensive population sampling designs, and neutral genetic variation levels do not directly relate to threat status or to small population sizes. Habitat protection is emphasized, but the results suggest the need for urgent implementation of elementary reproductive studies in all cases, and for ex situ conservation measures for the most endangered taxa, even without prior studies. In non-endangered endemics, multidisciplinary research is needed before suggesting case-specific conservation strategies. The molecular information relevant for conservation should be conserved in a standardized format to facilitate further insight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria. Camino al Palmeral 15, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Meloni M, Reid A, Caujapé-Castells J, Marrero A, Fernández-Palacios JM, Mesa-Coelo RA, Conti E. Effects of clonality on the genetic variability of rare, insular species: the case of Ruta microcarpa from the Canary Islands. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1569-79. [PMID: 23789068 PMCID: PMC3686192 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species combine sexual and clonal reproduction. Clonal propagation has ecological costs mainly related to inbreeding depression and pollen discounting; at the same time, species able to reproduce clonally have ecological and evolutionary advantages being able to persist when conditions are not favorable for sexual reproduction. The presence of clonality has profound consequences on the genetic structure of populations, especially when it represents the predominant reproductive strategy in a population. Theoretical studies suggest that high rate of clonal propagation should increase the effective number of alleles and heterozygosity in a population, while an opposite effect is expected on genetic differentiation among populations and on genotypic diversity. In this study, we ask how clonal propagation affects the genetic diversity of rare insular species, which are often characterized by low levels of genetic diversity, hence at risk of extinction. We used eight polymorphic microsatellite markers to study the genetic structure of the critically endangered insular endemic Ruta microcarpa. We found that clonality appears to positively affect the genetic diversity of R. microcarpa by increasing allelic diversity, polymorphism, and heterozygosity. Moreover, clonal propagation seems to be a more successful reproductive strategy in small, isolated population subjected to environmental stress. Our results suggest that clonal propagation may benefit rare species. However, the advantage of clonal growth may be only short-lived for prolonged clonal growth could ultimately lead to monoclonal populations. Some degree of sexual reproduction may be needed in a predominantly clonal species to ensure long-term viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meloni
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich Zollikerstrase 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
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Caujapé-Castells J, Sabbagh I, Castellano JJ, Ramos R, Henríquez V, Quintana FM, Medina DA, Toledo J, Ramírez F, Rodríguez JF. Transformer-4 version 2.0.1, a free multi-platform software to quickly reformat genotype matrices of any marker type, and archive them in the Demiurge information system. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:484-93. [PMID: 23437862 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transformer-4 version 2.0.1 (T4) is a multi-platform freeware programmed in java that can transform a genotype matrix in Excel or XML format into the input formats of one or several of the most commonly used population genetic software, for any possible combination of the populations that the matrix contains. T4 also allows the users to (i) draw allozyme gel interpretations for any number of diploid individuals, and then generate a genotype matrix ready to be used by T4; and (ii) produce basic reports about the data in the matrices. Furthermore, T4 is the only way to optionally submit 'genetic diversity digests' for publication in the Demiurge online information system (http://www.demiurge-project.org). Each such digest undergoes peer-review, and it consists of a geo-referenced data matrix in the tfm4 format plus any ancillary document or hyperlink that the digest authors see fit to include. The complementarity between T4 and Demiurge facilitates a free, safe, permanent, and standardized data archival and analysis system for researchers, and may also be a convenient resource for scientific journals, public administrations, or higher educators. T4 and its converters are freely available (at, respectively, http://www.demiurge-project.org/download_t4 and http://www.demiurge-project.org/converterstore) upon registration in the Demiurge information system (http://demiurge-project.org/register). Users have to click on the link provided on an account validation email, and accept Demiurge's terms of use (see http://www.demiurge-project.org/termsofuse). A thorough user's guide is available within T4. A 3-min promotional video about T4 and Demiurge can be seen at http://vimeo.com/29828406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Assunção P, Jaén-Molina R, Caujapé-Castells J, de la Jara A, Carmona L, Freijanes K, Mendoza H. Molecular taxonomy of Dunaliella (Chlorophyceae), with a special focus on D. salina: ITS2 sequences revisited with an extensive geographical sampling. Aquat Biosyst 2012; 8:2. [PMID: 22520929 PMCID: PMC3310333 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We used an ITS2 primary and secondary structure and Compensatory Base Changes (CBCs) analyses on new French and Spanish Dunallela salina strains to investigate their phylogenetic position and taxonomic status within the genus Dunaliella. Our analyses show a great diversity within D. salina (with only some clades not statistically supported) and reveal considerable genetic diversity and structure within Dunaliella, although the CBC analysis did not bolster the existence of different biological groups within this taxon. The ITS2 sequences of the new Spanish and French D. salina strains were very similar except for two of them: ITC5105 "Janubio" from Spain and ITC5119 from France. Although the Spanish one had a unique ITS2 sequence profile and the phylogenetic tree indicates that this strain can represent a new species, this hypothesis was not confirmed by CBCs, and clarification of its taxonomic status requires further investigation with new data. Overall, the use of CBCs to define species boundaries within Dunaliella was not conclusive in some cases, and the ITS2 region does not contain a geographical signal overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Assunção
- Departamento de Biotecnología. División de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC). Pozo Izquierdo, 35119 Sta. Lucía, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ruth Jaén-Molina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Apartado de correos 14 de Tafira Alta, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Apartado de correos 14 de Tafira Alta, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Adelina de la Jara
- Departamento de Biotecnología. División de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC). Pozo Izquierdo, 35119 Sta. Lucía, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Laura Carmona
- Departamento de Biotecnología. División de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC). Pozo Izquierdo, 35119 Sta. Lucía, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Karen Freijanes
- Departamento de Biotecnología. División de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC). Pozo Izquierdo, 35119 Sta. Lucía, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Héctor Mendoza
- Departamento de Biotecnología. División de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC). Pozo Izquierdo, 35119 Sta. Lucía, Canary Islands, Spain
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Ojeda I, Santos-Guerra A, Jaén-Molina R, Oliva-Tejera F, Caujapé-Castells J, Cronk Q. The origin of bird pollination in Macaronesian Lotus (Loteae, Leguminosae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 62:306-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Rumeu B, Caujapé-Castells J, Blanco-Pastor JL, Jaén-Molina R, Nogales M, Elias RB, Vargas P. The colonization history of Juniperus brevifolia (Cupressaceae) in the Azores Islands. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27697. [PMID: 22110727 PMCID: PMC3218011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A central aim of island biogeography is to understand the colonization history of insular species using current distributions, fossil records and genetic diversity. Here, we analyze five plastid DNA regions of the endangered Juniperus brevifolia, which is endemic to the Azores archipelago. Methodology/Principal Findings The phylogeny of the section Juniperus and the phylogeographic analyses of J. brevifolia based on the coalescence theory of allele (plastid) diversity suggest that: (1) a single introduction event likely occurred from Europe; (2) genetic diversification and inter-island dispersal postdated the emergence of the oldest island (Santa Maria, 8.12 Ma); (3) the genetic differentiation found in populations on the islands with higher age and smaller distance to the continent is significantly higher than that on the younger, more remote ones; (4) the high number of haplotypes observed (16), and the widespread distribution of the most frequent and ancestral ones across the archipelago, are indicating early diversification, demographic expansion, and recurrent dispersal. In contrast, restriction of six of the seven derived haplotypes to single islands is construed as reflecting significant isolation time prior to colonization. Conclusions/Significance Our phylogeographic reconstruction points to the sequence of island emergence as the key factor to explain the distribution of plastid DNA variation. The reproductive traits of this juniper species (anemophily, ornithochory, multi-seeded cones), together with its broad ecological range, appear to be largely responsible for recurrent inter-island colonization of ancestral haplotypes. In contrast, certain delay in colonization of new haplotypes may reflect intraspecific habitat competition on islands where this juniper was already present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rumeu
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, IPNA-CSIC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Caujapé-Castells J. General G ST and θ inflation due to biased intra-population sampling, and its consequences for the conservation of the Canarian Flora. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-9842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oliva-Tejera F, Caujapé-Castells J, Navarro-Déniz J, Reyes-Betancort A, Scholz S, Baccarani-Rosas M, Cabrera-García N. Patterns of genetic divergence of three Canarian endemic Lotus (Fabaceae): implications for the conservation of the endangered L. kunkelii. Am J Bot 2006; 93:1116-1124. [PMID: 21642177 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.8.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined data for 11 allozyme loci in 14 populations that represent the distribution of the endangered Lotus kunkelii, the narrowly distributed L. arinagensis (both endemic to Gran Canaria), and the broad-ranging L. lancerottensis (endemic to the easternmost Canary Islands, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote) to explore and construe patterns of genetic variation and use this data to assess the controversial taxonomic status of L. kunkelii relative to L. lancerottensis. While L. kunkelii maintains low levels of variation, presumably as a consequence of prolonged inbreeding due to very low population size and sharp geographic isolation, the other two taxa have much higher indicators of polymorphism than those reported for other oceanic island endemics. Lotus arinagensis has the highest genetic polymorphism and the lowest interpopulation differentiation, presumably because of its considerable antiquity and habitat stability, despite recent fragmentation. The high interpopulation differentiation in L. lancerottensis is attributed to the Atlantic acting as a barrier, reducing gene flow within islands. Evolutionary analysis of the allozyme evidence indicates that L. kunkelii is genetically closer to L. arinagensis than to L. lancerottensis, thereby dispelling the taxonomic uncertainty and supporting L. kunkelii as a distinct species, warranting legal protection in the forthcoming catalog of threatened Canarian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Oliva-Tejera
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Ap. de correos 14 de Tafira Alta, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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González-Pérez MA, Caujapé-Castells J, Sosa PA. Allozyme variation and structure of the Canarian endemic palm tree Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae): implications for conservation. Heredity (Edinb) 2005; 93:307-15. [PMID: 15241448 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophoretic analysis of 18 allozyme loci was used to estimate the levels and structuring of genetic variation within and among natural populations of the protected endemic palm species from the Canary Islands (Phoenix canariensis) to evaluate its genetic relationship with the widespread congener P. dactylifera, and to assess comparatively the genetic variation in the populations where the two species coexist with morphologically intermediate plants (mixed populations). Our survey revealed that the within-population component explains roughly 75% of the genetic variation levels detected in P. canariensis (A=1.59; P=41.8; He=0.158), which rank higher than those reported for other species of the Arecaceae. A Principal Component analysis (PCA) based on allele frequencies consistently separates populations of P. canariensis and P. dactylifera, and reveals a close genetic relationship between P. canariensis and the mixed populations. Reduced levels of genetic variation in P. canariensis with respect to P. dactylifera, the fact that the genetic makeup of the Canarian endemic (with no unique alleles) is a subset of that found in P. dactylifera, and the high genetic identity between both species strongly suggest that P. canariensis is recently derived from a common ancestor closely related to P. dactylifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A González-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, Spain.
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Oliva-Tejera F, Caujapé-Castells J, Naranjo-Suárez J, Navarro-Déniz J, Acebes-Ginovés JR, Bramwell D. Population genetic differentiation in taxa of Lotus (Fabaceae: Loteae) endemic to the Gran Canarian pine forest. Heredity (Edinb) 2004; 94:199-206. [PMID: 15536485 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of allozyme variation at 17 loci in 14 populations representing four taxonomically problematic Gran Canarian pine forest endemic taxa of Lotus (L. genistoides, L. holosericeus, L. spartioides and some taxonomically uncertain populations collected under the designation Lotus sp.) was conducted to examine their diversification and systematic relationships. All groups exhibited high values of genetic variation, although inbreeding was common within populations. Considerable among-population genetic homogeneity was detected, as inferred from low values of Gst within each of the groups. The high population sizes of these taxa and a lack of evidence for isolation by distance or genetic bottlenecks indicate that diversity has accumulated over a long period of environmental stability. The association of high genetic distances with low linear distances, and the substantial increase in the values of Gst when the taxa considered were merged in different combinations hint at an incipient (yet probably taxonomically insufficient) reproductive isolation. The genetic similarity between L. genistoides, L. holosericeus and L. spartioides, together with the different behaviour of the populations collected under the designation Lotus sp., may have important implications for the restructuring of the taxonomy of this group when the ongoing morphological studies are completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Oliva-Tejera
- Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Ap. de correos 14 de Tafira Alta, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Caujapé-Castells J, Pedrola-Monfort J. Designing ex-situ conservation strategies through the assessment of neutral genetic markers: Application to the endangered Androcymbium gramineum. CONSERV GENET 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:coge.0000029997.59502.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Membrives N, Pedrola-Montfort J, Caujapé-Castells J. Leaf morphology and anatomy of genus <i>Androcymbium</i> (Colchicaceae) in Southwest Africa. Collect Bot 2003. [DOI: 10.3989/collectbot.2003.v26.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Caujapé-Castells J, Jansen RK. The influence of the Miocene Mediterranean desiccation on the geographical expansion and genetic variation of Androcymbium gramineum (Cav.) McBride (Colchicaceae). Mol Ecol 2003; 12:1515-25. [PMID: 12755880 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site and isozyme data were combined to explore the spatial-temporal influence of the Messinian desiccation in the Mediterranean on the disjunct distribution of Androcymbium gramineum in Almería and Morocco (north and south of the straits of Gibraltar, respectively). Lack of evidence for different selective pressures, divergence time estimates based on the calibration of the isozyme molecular clock with the cpDNA data, the basal position of Almerian populations in the A. gramineum clade, and the much higher isozyme polymorphism in Almería suggest that (i) only a southern European range of A. gramineum existed before the Messinian [ approximately 11.2 million years ago (Ma), in the middle Miocene] and (ii) the desiccation of the Mediterranean basin about 5.5-4.5 Ma induced the migration of A. gramineum from Almería to Morocco (between 4.9 and 4.6 Ma, according to our time estimates). After the split into two allopatric units following the refilling of the Mediterranean, the major influence of drift associated with Plio-Pleistocene recurrent glaciation cycles and range expansions/contractions probably fostered the substantial interpopulation genetic differentiation observed within Almería (CGST = 0.41, average DNei = 0.185) and, to a lesser extent, within Morocco (CGST = 0.24, average DNei = 0.089), but did not hinder the maintenance of considerable levels of genetic variation in either geographical area (A = 2.14, HE = 0.230 and A = 1.90, HE = 0.213, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Molecular, Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Ap. de correos 14 de Tafira Alta, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Membrives N, Martín J, Caujapé-Castells J, Pedrola-Monfort J. Pollen morphology and biometry of the genus Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) in southern Africa: taxonomic and biogeographic considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.4102/abc.v32i1.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Pollen characters in 16 southern African type specimens of Androcymbium Willd. that represent the three sections into which the genus is presently divided (Androcymbium, Dregeocymbium and Erythrostictus), were examined to assess the possibility of sectional characterization based on pollen traits and to explore the relationship between pollen traits and geographic species distribution. Differences in pollen grain size, shape, number of apertures and exine pattern, were observed. Principal Component Analysis, using both qualitative and biometric pollen characters, distinguished four groups of species with four different pollen types. Most of the species have a microreticulate exine pattern with either diaperturate or tria- perturate grains. The remaining species have either a rugulate exine pattern with diaperturate grains, or a rugulate-reticu- late exine pattern with thickened (hypertrophied) muri with diaperturate grains. While section Dregeocymbium can be well delimited by the unique thickened muri. and by a significantly larger grain size, no diagnostic pollen traits were found for sections Androcymbium and Erythrostictus. Similarly, although the six northern African species exhibit a microreticulate exine pattern, the high variability observed for this trait in their southern African counterparts, does not follow a geographic pattern.
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Batista F, Bañares A, Caujapé-Castells J, Carqué E, Marrero-Gómez M, Sosa PA. Allozyme diversity in three endemic species of Cistus (Cistaceae) from the Canary Islands: intraspecific and interspecific comparisons and implications for genetic conservation. Am J Bot 2001; 88:1582-1592. [PMID: 21669691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of variation at 13 isozyme loci were examined in 11 populations in three Cistus species strictly endemic to the Canary Islands. Cistus osbaeckiaefolius and C. chinamadensis display low levels of isozyme variation associated with moderate to high interpopulation differentiation, which probably arose through historical bottlenecks in a landscape of habitat fragmentation, grazing, and human influence. By contrast, C. symphytifolius ranks among the subset of narrow endemics with high levels of isozyme variation and features different degrees of genetic structuring that are closely associated with taxonomic ascription. Low interpopulation differentiation in var. leucophyllus is possibly a reflection of its recent origin or of moderate levels of gene flow between its populations. High interpopulation differentiation in var. symphytifolius probably arose due to slight ecological differences between populations coupled with low levels of gene flow. Interpretation of neighbor-joining trees in the light of geological data substantiates the hypothesis that C. symphytifolius (or a very close relative) might be the ancestor of the other stands of Cistus in the islands. Conservation implications of our survey are the identification of the two populations of C. chinamadensis with the highest allele and genotype richness for preservation on genetic grounds and advice to prevent artificial gene flow in this taxon lest it might disrupt locally adapted gene combinations. All populations of C. osbaeckiaefolius should be given conservation priority on ecological grounds despite their genetic depauperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Batista
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
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Caujapé-Castells J, Pedrola-Monfort J. Space-time patterns of genetic structure within a stand of Androcymbium gramineum (Cav.) McBride (Colchicaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 1997. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1997.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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