1
|
Barreales D, Fernandes Â, Barros L, Capitão S, Castro Ribeiro A. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on quality parameters of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7227-7240. [PMID: 37354200 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water stress during the growing season of the almond tree is the factor that most limits its yield. Different strategies have been studied in recent years to reduce its negative effects, such as deficit irrigation and the application of reflective spray compounds. A 3-year experiment (2019-2021) was set in a factorial design in which the effect of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin spray was evaluated on morphological characteristics (weight, length, width, and thickness of the nut and kernel, shell thickness, kernel yield, double kernels, and damaged kernels), color properties, nutritional value (carbohydrates, fat, proteins and ash) and chemical parameters (free sugars and fatty acids profiles). RESULTS In general, the significant differences between the treatments did not have a similar trend in the 3 years of the study. Regulated deficit irrigation and kaolin had no detrimental impact on almond morphological and color characteristics. The almond free sugars concentration was relatively stable under deficit irrigation and kaolin application. On the other hand, kaolin application positively affected the synthesis of linoleic acid. CONCLUSION Reducing the amount of irrigation water applied to almonds contributes to the sustainability of production without negatively affecting quality and even improving some quality parameters. In general, the foliar application of kaolin did not show significant differences in the evaluated morphological parameters. However, in terms of chemical composition, kaolin led to an increase in the concentration of linoleic acid and sucrose. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Barreales
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria y Forestal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Susana Capitão
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - António Castro Ribeiro
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira DF, Benhadi‐Marín J, Neto J, Sanz L, Garzo E, Aguiar A, Fereres A, Pereira JA. Kaolin particle films disrupt landing, settling behavior and feeding of Trioza erytrae on lemon plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4753-4763. [PMID: 35894950 PMCID: PMC9805282 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus crops. Trioza erytreae is a vector of HLB. Since its introduction in Europe, the insect reached the northern region of Spain and the southern region of Portugal, threatening relevant citrus production areas. Limiting the spread of HLB vectors is mandatory to prevent this disease. In this work, we assessed the effect of kaolin, a white mineral clay, on the landing, settling behavior and feeding behavior of Trioza erytreae on lemon plants. RESULTS After kaolin application, the number of plants on which the insect was found was significantly lower than on untreated plants in the laboratory and in the field. Moreover, there were significantly fewer T. erytreae and a shorter duration of phloem-related events on kaolin-treated than untreated plants. CONCLUSION The use of kaolin could be a suitable and efficient tool for inclusion into integrated pest management programs or organic production to reduce populations of T. erytreae and subsequently limit the spread of HLB in citrus crops. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Félix Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
| | - Jacinto Benhadi‐Marín
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
| | - Joana Neto
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOTFaculty of Sciences of the University of PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Lorena Sanz
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - Elisa Garzo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - Ana Aguiar
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOTFaculty of Sciences of the University of PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de BragançaCampus Sta ApolóniaBragançaPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song J, Trueba S, Yin XH, Cao KF, Brodribb TJ, Hao GY. Hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in compound-leaved trees: Evidence from an embolism visualization technique. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:204-214. [PMID: 35099552 PMCID: PMC9070814 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydraulic vulnerability segmentation (HVS) hypothesis implies the existence of differences in embolism resistance between plant organs along the xylem pathway and has been suggested as an adaptation allowing the differential preservation of more resource-rich tissues during drought stress. Compound leaves in trees are considered a low-cost means of increasing leaf area and may thus be expected to show evidence of strong HVS, given the tendency of compound-leaved tree species to shed their leaf units during drought. However, the existence and role of HVS in compound-leaved tree species during drought remain uncertain. We used an optical visualization technique to estimate embolism occurrence in stems, petioles, and leaflets of shoots in two compound-leaved tree species, Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica). We found higher (less negative) water potentials corresponding to 50% loss of conductivity (P50) in leaflets and petioles than in stems in both species. Overall, we observed a consistent pattern of stem > petiole > leaflet in terms of xylem resistance to embolism and hydraulic safety margins (i.e. the difference between mid-day water potential and P50). The coordinated variation in embolism vulnerability between organs suggests that during drought conditions, trees benefit from early embolism and subsequent shedding of more expendable organs such as leaflets and petioles, as this provides a degree of protection to the integrity of the hydraulic system of the more carbon costly stems. Our results highlight the importance of HVS as an adaptive mechanism of compound-leaved trees to withstand drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management & Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta National Observatory of Wetland Ecosystem, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Santiago Trueba
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management & Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moale C, Ghiurea M, Sîrbu CE, Somoghi R, Cioroianu TM, Faraon VA, Lupu C, Trică B, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Effects of Siliceous Natural Nanomaterials Applied in Combination with Foliar Fertilizers on Physiology, Yield and Fruit Quality of the Apricot and Peach Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112395. [PMID: 34834758 PMCID: PMC8618693 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Siliceous natural nanomaterials (SNNMs), i.e., diatomaceous earth and natural zeolites, have a nanoporous structure with large active surfaces that adsorb cations or polarized molecules. Such nanoporous feature determines the effects related to SNNM utilization as low-risk plant protectants and soil improvers. This work used SNNMs from Romanian quarries as carriers for foliar fertilizers applied to stone-fruit trees, apricot and peach. We determined the effects of SNNMs on the physiology, yield and fruit quality of the treated stone-fruit trees. SNNM application determined impacts specific to the formation of particle films on leaves: reduced leaf temperature (up to 4.5 °C) and enhanced water use efficiency (up to 30%). Foliar fertilizers' effects on yield are amplified by their application with SNNMs. Yield is increased up to 8.1% by the utilization of SNNMs with foliar fertilizers, compared to applying foliar fertilizer alone. Diatomaceous earth and natural zeolites promote the accumulation of polyphenols in apricot and peach fruits. The combined application of SNNMs and foliar fertilizer enhance the performance of peach and apricot trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moale
- Research Station for Fruit Growing Constanța, Str. Pepinierei nr. 25, 907300 Valul lui Traian, Romania;
| | - Marius Ghiurea
- Department of Bioresources, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (R.S.); (V.A.F.); (C.L.); (B.T.); (D.C.-A.)
| | - Carmen Eugenia Sîrbu
- Department of Physico-Chemical Analysis, National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agro-Chemistry and Environment—ICPA, Mărăşti Blvd. nr. 61, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.S.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Raluca Somoghi
- Department of Bioresources, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (R.S.); (V.A.F.); (C.L.); (B.T.); (D.C.-A.)
| | - Traian Mihai Cioroianu
- Department of Physico-Chemical Analysis, National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agro-Chemistry and Environment—ICPA, Mărăşti Blvd. nr. 61, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (C.E.S.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Victor Alexandru Faraon
- Department of Bioresources, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (R.S.); (V.A.F.); (C.L.); (B.T.); (D.C.-A.)
| | - Carmen Lupu
- Department of Bioresources, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (R.S.); (V.A.F.); (C.L.); (B.T.); (D.C.-A.)
| | - Bogdan Trică
- Department of Bioresources, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (R.S.); (V.A.F.); (C.L.); (B.T.); (D.C.-A.)
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Department of Bioresources, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (R.S.); (V.A.F.); (C.L.); (B.T.); (D.C.-A.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Department of Bioresources, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (R.S.); (V.A.F.); (C.L.); (B.T.); (D.C.-A.)
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăşti Blvd. nr. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nazim M, Ali M, Shahzad K, Ahmad F, Nawaz F, Amin M, Anjum S, Nasif O, Ali Alharbi S, Fahad S, Danish S, Datta R. Kaolin and Jasmonic acid improved cotton productivity under water stress conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6606-6614. [PMID: 34764776 PMCID: PMC8568989 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split - split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB - 878 and SLH - 19 while sub - sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaolin (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combination at 60 days after planntinon both to normal irrigated and water-stresse skip irrigation while irrigation water alone was sprayed in control plots. Both cotton genotypes responded variably to normal irrigated and skip conditions. Skipping irrigation for up to 21 days at flowering caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield in both the genotypes. Seed cotton yield showed an overall decline of 24.7% in skip over Normal irrigated crop. The genotype NIAB - 878 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 3.304 Mg ha-1 in normal that dropped to 2.579 Mg ha-1 in skip, thus showing an average decline of 21.9 %. Similarly, SLH - 19 produced 2.537 Mg ha-1 seed cotton under normal that dropped to 1.822 Mg ha-1 in skip, showing an average decline of 28.2%. The Application of Kaolin and JA Jasmonic acid, either applied individually or in combination, improved vegetative and reproductive development of both cotton varieties in normal and skip regimes. However, combined kaolin and Jasmonic Acid application proved to be more beneficial in terms of seed cotton production and other parameters studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazim
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muqarrab Ali
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbella University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan 90150, Pakistan
| | - Fiaz Ahmad
- Plant Physiology/ Chemistry Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Nawaz
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Anjum
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, P.O. Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khalili M, Nejatzadeh F. Effect of deficit irrigation and kaolin clay on yield and yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis experiment was conducted to determine the effect of kaolin clay application and deficit irrigation on quantitative characteristics of pumpkin in a field located in Siahbaz village of Khoy, Iran. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation and kaolin clay on yield and yield components of (Cucurbita pepo L.), this experimental was considered. An experiment was performed with irrigation at four levels (complete irrigation, deficit irrigation from the shoot stage, deficit irrigation from flowering stage and deficit irrigation from seed filling stage) and three levels of kaolin foliar application (control, 3% kaolin and 6% kaolin) was considered. Analysis of variance showed that deficit irrigation and kaolin had significant effect on number of seeds per fruit, fruit yield, 1000 grain weight, grain and biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil yield and protein yield. Maximum grain weight (294.5 gr), grain yield (807 kg ha−1), oil percentage (46.2) and oil yield (373.3 kg ha−1) were related to complete irrigation treatment. The highest grain weight (257.07 gr), grain yield (733 kg ha−1) and fruit yield (23.8 kg ha−1) were observed in the 3% kaolin. Based on the results, deficit irrigation at seed filling stage was superior to other treatments. Kaolin had no effect on grain yield and could be interrupted once without irrigation. Kaolin used in this experiment under irrigation limitation conditions could partially offset the water-deficit yield due to control treatment. Due to lack of water, yield of untreated plants was lower than kaolin-treated ones.
Collapse
|
7
|
Faghih S, Zamani Z, Fatahi R, Omidi M. Influence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained deficit irrigation. Biol Res 2021; 54:1. [PMID: 33407933 PMCID: PMC7789529 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apple is one of the oldest and most valuable fruits. Water restriction is one of the major problems in the production of this fruit in some planting areas. Methods Effects of kaolin spray treatments were studied on two early apple cultivars of Golab and Shafi-Abadi under sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in Alborz province, Iran during 2017 and 2018. Irrigation treatments were 100%, 85%, and 70% ETc and kaolin application were concentrations of 0, 3 and 6% in 2017 and 0, 1.5 and 3% in 2018. Results Results showed that 85% ETc treatment compared to other irrigation treatments improved apple tree crown volume in 2017. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly reduced fruit weight in both years. Application with 6% kaolin resulted in 33.3% increase in apple fruit weight compared to non-kaolin treatment at 100% ETc irrigation in the first year. Severe deficit irrigation (70% ETc) significantly reduced apple fruit length in both years, but 6% kaolin increased fruit length in both apple cultivars in 2017. Severe deficit irrigation treatment increased the firmness of apple fruit compared to control and mild deficit irrigation (85% ETc) in the first year of experiment. There was no significant difference between irrigation treatments for apple fruit firmness in the second year of experiment. Kaolin treatments of 1.5% and 3% at full irrigation increased the soluble solids content of apple fruit by 36.6% and 44.1% in 2018, respectively. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly increased leaf proline content compared to control in both years. In the first year, kaolin treatments increased leaf proline but in the second year, leaf proline was not significant. Deficit irrigation treatment of 70% ETc and 6% kaolin had the highest amount of glycine betaine content, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in apple leaf in the first year of experiment. Conclusions Severe deficit irrigation stress (70% ETc) increased the activity of nonenzymatic defense systems of apple trees. Kaolin as a drought stress reducing agent can be recommended in apple orchards of Golab and Shafi-Abadi cultivars as an effective and inexpensive method to improve tolerance to drought stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Faghih
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran.
| | - Zabihollah Zamani
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran
| | - Reza Fatahi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran
| | - Mohammad Omidi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Overview of Kaolin Outcomes from Vine to Wine: Cerceal White Variety Case Study. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kaolin protective effect was assessed in a white grapevine cultivar ‘Cerceal’ in ‘Alentejo’ Region (southeast Portugal) where plants face extreme conditions during the summer season. We addressed the hypothesis that kaolin effects lead to several changes in leaves, fruits, and wine characteristics on the primary and secondary metabolism. Results showed that kaolin reduces leaf temperature which provokes an improvement in physiological parameters such as net photosynthesis and water use efficiency. This protection interferes with berry color, leaving them more yellowish, and an increase in phenolic compounds were observed in all fruit tissues (skin, seed, and pulp). Additionally, both berry and wine characteristics were strongly affected, with an increase of tartaric and malic acid and consequently high total acidity, while the sugar concentration decreased 8.9% in berries provoking a low wine alcohol level. Results also showed that kaolin induces high potassium, magnesium, and iron, and low copper and aluminum concentrations. Moreover, the control wine showed higher content of esters related with hostile notes whereas wine from kaolin treated vines presented higher content of esters associated with fruity notes. Overall, the results strengthen the promising nature of kaolin application as a summer stress mitigation strategy protecting grapevine plants and improving fruit quality and creating more balanced wines.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cuba NI, Torres R, San Román E, Lagorio MG. Influence of Surface Structure, Pigmentation and Particulate Matter on Plant Reflectance and Fluorescence. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:110-121. [PMID: 32297341 DOI: 10.1111/php.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optical properties of plant leaves are relevant to evaluate their physiological state and stress effect. The main objective of this work was to study how variegation, pigment composition or reflective features modifies leaves' photophysical behavior. For this purpose, green leaves (Ficus benjamina), purple leaves (Tradescantia pallida), green leaves covered by white trichomes (Cineraria maritima) and variegated leaves (Codiaeum aucubifolium) were analyzed. Firstly, foliar surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. UV-vis and near-IR reflectance and transmittance spectra were obtained to calculate absorption (k) and scattering (s) coefficients. The theoretical approaches of Pile of Plates and Kubelka-Munk's theory resulted still valid for nonstandard leaves with differing surface conditions. However, frequently used spectral indices were not reliable for predicting water content, when leaves differed from conventional ones. The proportionality between the absorption factor and chromophore/pigment concentration was also lost for hairy leaves. A simplified model to describe these facts was presented here. Fluorescence spectra were recorded and corrected, due to light re-absorption. Water-optical parameter connection and pigment-optical parameter connection were thoroughly discussed. Leaf surface morphology and pigmentation have not only influenced the optical features of leaves but also played a role in the effect that particulate matter could cause on leaf photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel I Cuba
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocio Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique San Román
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Lagorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Influence of Foliar Kaolin Application and Irrigation on Photosynthetic Activity of Grape Berries. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Climate changes may cause severe impacts both on grapevine and berry development. Foliar application of kaolin has been suggested as a mitigation strategy to cope with stress caused by excessive heat/radiation absorbed by leaves and grape berry clusters. However, its effect on the light micro-environment inside the canopy and clusters, as well as on the acclimation status and physiological responses of the grape berries, is unclear. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of foliar kaolin application on the photosynthetic activity of the exocarp and seeds, which are the main photosynthetically active berry tissues. For this purpose, berries from high light (HL) and low light (LL) microclimates in the canopy, from kaolin-treated and non-treated, irrigated and non-irrigated plants, were collected at three developmental stages. Photochemical and non-photochemical efficiencies of both tissues were obtained by a pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis. The maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) data for green HL-grown berries suggest that kaolin application can protect the berry exocarp from light stress. At the mature stage, exocarps of LL grapes from irrigated plants treated with kaolin presented higher Fv/Fm and relative electron transport rates (rETR200) than those without kaolin. However, for the seeds, a negative interaction between kaolin and irrigation were observed especially in HL grapes. These results highlight the impact of foliar kaolin application on the photosynthetic performance of grape berries growing under different light microclimates and irrigation regimes, throughout the season. This provides insights for a more case-oriented application of this mitigation strategy on grapevines.
Collapse
|
11
|
Brito C, Dinis LT, Ferreira H, Rocha L, Pavia I, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia CM. Kaolin particle film modulates morphological, physiological and biochemical olive tree responses to drought and rewatering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 133:29-39. [PMID: 30388436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the foreseeing climate change is reasonable to expect harmful consequences to olive tree (Olea europaea L.), an iconic species of Mediterranean region. Thus, the selection of practices that allow a better drought resistance and recovery capacity needs the immediate attention of scientific community. This study evaluates the strategies adopted by young potted olive trees, subjected to three cycles of drought and rewatering, in the presence of a reflective clay, kaolin (KL). The results demonstrated that KL induced shade-related leaf structural changes and was effective in keeping leaf water status during the most stressful periods. In general, photosynthetic activity of sprayed plants was improved by the alleviation of drought-induced stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Moreover, during stress imposition sprayed leaves showed reduced oxidative damages, allowing lower investment in antioxidant defences. Furthermore, sprayed plants also had lower nighttime water losses due to inferior nighttime stomatal conductance, and are able to maintain higher respiration rates. Upon rewatering, the shaded effect conferred by KL limited gas exchange restauration, but improved the plants' capacity to restore the metabolic functions. In spite of the induced physiological and biochemical changes, no significant differences were found in whole-plant water use efficiency and plant biomass accumulation, possibly by the attenuation of photosynthesis restauration during the recovery events. In conclusion, the changes induced by KL might be beneficial under severe conditions, as on realistic Mediterranean field environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Brito
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Rocha
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Pavia
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Correia
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Apple Tree Responses to Deficit Irrigation Combined with Periodic Applications of Particle Film or Abscisic Acid. HORTICULTURAE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae2040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Benhadi-Marín J, Pereira JA, Santos SAP. Effects of kaolin particle films on the life span of an orb-weaver spider. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:918-924. [PMID: 26432533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Araniella cucurbitina (Araneae: Araneidae) is a widespread orb-weaver spider commonly found in agroecosystems. Mineral particle films such as kaolin, due to their protective or anti-feeding action, can represent an alternative to pesticides, especially in organic farming systems, but little is known about its effects on A. cucurbitina. Therefore, we tested the effect of kaolin sprays on the life span of A. cucurbitina under laboratory conditions. Four treatments were tested encompassing different exposure routes. Thus, kaolin sprays were applied on (i) the surface, (ii) the prey (fly), (iii) the spider and (iv) both spider & prey. A control group was tested with water in each treatment. Results showed that sprays of kaolin significantly affected the survival of A. curcubitina when applications were done on the surface and on both spider & prey registering a reduction of 48% and 56%, respectively. Spiders in control obtained higher probability of reaching alive at the end of the assay than those treated with kaolin. Differences observed can be explained by the feeding behavior of the species and may depend on the consumption of the web by the spider and the ratio spider/fly for body size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinto Benhadi-Marín
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus of Santa Apolónia, PO Box 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus of Santa Apolónia, PO Box 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sónia A P Santos
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus of Santa Apolónia, PO Box 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Medina V, Gilbert ME. Physiological trade-offs of stomatal closure under high evaporative gradients in field grown soybean. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 43:40-51. [PMID: 32480440 DOI: 10.1071/fp15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited rainfall is the main constraint to agriculture, making agricultural research to understand plant behaviour that leads to avoidance of soil water deficit a matter of priority. One focus has screened for crop varieties that decrease stomatal conductance under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD), a proxy for the leaf evaporative gradient. However, the link between stomatal closure and physiological consequences in field environments is not yet clear. A field experiment on soybeans demonstrated that considerable variation in leaf temperature relative to air temperature occurred, leading to evaporative gradients differing substantially from VPD. Thus, transpiration is decreased by stomatal closure at high VPD, but to compensate, transpiration is somewhat increased due to higher leaf temperatures. Soil water deficit led to lower stomatal conductance, particularly under low evaporative conditions, not just under hot conditions. Non-stomatal photosynthetic limitations were observed due to combined occurrence of stomatal closure and high temperature under high VPD. Although leaves reached temperatures higher than the threshold for a decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency, and displayed non-stomatal photosynthetic limitations, no photoinhibition or damage was observed by night-time. The results demonstrate that more understanding of physiological strategies for achieving altered water use is needed to avoid trade-offs and heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Medina
- Department of Plant Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95 616, USA
| | - Matthew E Gilbert
- Department of Plant Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95 616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lo Verde G, Rizzo R, Barraco G, Lombardo A. Effects of kaolin on Ophelimus maskelli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in laboratory and nursery experiments. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:180-187. [PMID: 21404856 DOI: 10.1603/ec10164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although recent research has demonstrated that clays provide satisfactory control of some agricultural insect pests, the effect of clays on gall wasps that damage forest trees has not been previously reported. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the clay kaolin in the laboratory and in the field in reducing the damage caused by the eulophid Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) on seedlings of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus L'Hér.) species. In the laboratory, kaolin + wetting agent significantly reduced the percentage of infested leaves and the number of galls per leaf. In the nursery, gall number per leaf was not correlated with leaf area with kaolin + wetting agent but was related to leaf area for all other treatments (wetting agent alone, imidacloprid, and untreated control). In the nursery, gall number per leaf was lower with kaolin + wetting agent and with imidacloprid than with the other two treatments. Overall, kaolin effectively reduced eulophid infestations, and its effect was more persistent than that of imidacloprid. Although application of kaolin might not be feasible on large forested areas, kaolin could represent a valuable control method in nurseries, where the repeated application with more toxic chemicals can result in high concentrations of residual pesticides in the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lo Verde
- Dipartimento di Scienze Entomologiche, Fitopatologiche, Microbiologiche agrarie e Zootecniche (S.En.Fi.Mi.Zo.), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sotelo-Cuitiva YM, Restrepo-Díaz H, García-Castro A, Ramírez-Godoy A, Flórez-Roncancio VJ. Effect of Kaolin Film Particle Applications (Surround WP<sup>®</sup>) and Water Deficit on Physiological Characteristics in Rose Cut Plants (<i>Rose spp</i> L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2011.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Rosati A, Metcalf SG, Buchner RP, Fulton AE, Lampinen BD. Effects of kaolin application on light absorption and distribution, radiation use efficiency and photosynthesis of almond and walnut canopies. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2007; 99:255-63. [PMID: 17138580 PMCID: PMC2802992 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kaolin applied as a suspension to plant canopies forms a film on leaves that increases reflection and reduces absorption of light. Photosynthesis of individual leaves is decreased while the photosynthesis of the whole canopy remains unaffected or even increases. This may result from a better distribution of light within the canopy following kaolin application, but this explanation has not been tested. The objective of this work was to study the effects of kaolin application on light distribution and absorption within tree canopies and, ultimately, on canopy photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency. METHODS Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident on individual leaves within the canopy of almond (Prunus dulcis) and walnut (Juglans regia) trees was measured before and after kaolin application in order to study PAR distribution within the canopy. The PAR incident on, and reflected and transmitted by, the canopy was measured on the same day for kaolin-sprayed and control trees in order to calculate canopy PAR absorption. These data were then used to model canopy photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency by a simple method proposed in previous work, based on the photosynthetic response to incident PAR of a top-canopy leaf. KEY RESULTS Kaolin increased incident PAR on surfaces of inner-canopy leaves, although there was an estimated 20 % loss in PAR reaching the photosynthetic apparatus, due to increased reflection. Assuming a 20 % loss of PAR, modelled photosynthesis and photosynthetic radiation use efficiency (PRUE) of kaolin-coated leaves decreased by only 6.3 %. This was due to (1) more beneficial PAR distribution within the kaolin-sprayed canopy, and (2) with decreasing PAR, leaf photosynthesis decreases less than proportionally, due to the curvature of the photosynthesis response-curve to PAR. The relatively small loss in canopy PRUE (per unit of incident PAR), coupled with the increased incident PAR on the leaf surface on inner-canopy leaves, resulted in an estimated increase in modelled photosynthesis of the canopy (+9 % in both walnut and almond). The small loss in PRUE (per unit of incident PAR) resulted in an increase in radiation use efficiency per unit of absorbed PAR, which more than compensated for the minor (7 %) reduction in canopy PAR absorption. CONCLUSIONS The results explain the apparently contradictory findings in the literature of positive or no effects of kaolin applications on canopy photosynthesis and yield, despite the decrease in photosynthesis by individual leaves when measured at the same PAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Rosati
- Istituto Sperimentale per l'Olivicoltura, via Nursina 2, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Samuel G. Metcalf
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Mail Stop #2, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard P. Buchner
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Tehama County, 1754 Walnut Street, Red Bluff, CA 96080, USA
| | - Allan E. Fulton
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Tehama County, 1754 Walnut Street, Red Bluff, CA 96080, USA
| | - Bruce D. Lampinen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Mail Stop #2, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|