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Pillon Y, Jaffré T, Birnbaum P, Bruy D, Cluzel D, Ducousso M, Fogliani B, Ibanez T, Jourdan H, Lagarde L, Léopold A, Munzinger J, Pouteau R, Read J, Isnard S. Infertile landscapes on an old oceanic island: the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The OCBIL theory comprises a set of hypotheses to comprehend the biota of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs). Here, we review evidence from the literature to evaluate the extent to which this theory could apply to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia. We present geological, pedological and climatic evidence suggesting how the island might qualify as an OCBIL. The predictions of OCBIL theory are then reviewed in the context of New Caledonia. There is evidence for a high rate of micro-endemism, accumulation of relict lineages, a high incidence of dioecy, myrmecochory and nutritional specializations in plants. New Caledonian vegetation also exhibits several types of monodominant formations that reveal the importance of disturbances on the island. Fires and tropical storms are likely to be important factors that contribute to the dynamic of New Caledonian ecosystems. Although naturally infertile, there is archaeological evidence that humans developed specific horticultural practices in the ultramafic landscapes of New Caledonia. Further comparisons between New Caledonia and other areas of the world, such as South Africa and Southwest Australia, are desirable, to develop the OCBIL theory into a more robust and generalized, testable framework and to determine the most efficient strategies to preserve their outstanding biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Pillon
- LSTM, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tanguy Jaffré
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Philippe Birnbaum
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), équipe SolVeg, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - David Bruy
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Dominique Cluzel
- ISEA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Marc Ducousso
- LSTM, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Fogliani
- ISEA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai′i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Hervé Jourdan
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Louis Lagarde
- TROCA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Audrey Léopold
- Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), équipe SolVeg, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Jérôme Munzinger
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Pouteau
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jennifer Read
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Ibanez T, Keppel G, Baider C, Birkinshaw C, Florens FBV, Laidlaw M, Menkes C, Parthasarathy N, Rajkumar M, Ratovoson F, Rasingam L, Reza L, Aiba S, Webb EL, Zang R, Birnbaum P. Tropical cyclones and island area shape species abundance distributions of local tree communities. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ibanez
- Inst. Agronomique néo‐Calédonien (IAC), Equipe Sol et Végétation (SolVeg) Nouméa New Caledonia
- AMAP, Univ. of Montpellier, and: CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Hawai'i at Hilo Hawai'i USA
| | - Gunnar Keppel
- School of Natural and Built Environments and Future Industries Inst., Univ. of South Australia Adelaide SA Australia
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Cláudia Baider
- The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro‐Industry and Food Security Réduit Mauritius
| | - Chris Birkinshaw
- Missouri Botanical Garden – Programme Madagascar Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - F. B. Vincent Florens
- Tropical Island Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Pole of Research, Dept of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Univ. of Mauritius Réduit Mauritius
| | - Melinda Laidlaw
- Queensland Herbarium, Dept of Environment and Science Toowong Australia
| | | | | | - Muthu Rajkumar
- Dept of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry Univ. Puducherry India
- Tropical Forest Research Inst. Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Fidy Ratovoson
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Research and Conservation Program Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Ladan Rasingam
- Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Center Telangana India
| | - Ludovic Reza
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Research and Conservation Program Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Shin‐ichiro Aiba
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima Univ. Kagoshima Japan
| | - Edward L. Webb
- Dept of Biological Sciences, National Univ. of Singapore Singapore
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation, The State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Inst. of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing P. R. China
| | - Philippe Birnbaum
- Inst. Agronomique néo‐Calédonien (IAC), Equipe Sol et Végétation (SolVeg) Nouméa New Caledonia
- AMAP, Univ. of Montpellier, and: CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
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Keppel G, Ottaviani G, Harrison S, Wardell-Johnson GW, Marcantonio M, Mucina L. Towards an eco-evolutionary understanding of endemism hotspots and refugia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:927-934. [PMID: 30239590 PMCID: PMC6266134 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugia are island-like habitats that are linked to long-term environmental stability and, as a result, high endemism. Conservation of refugia and endemism hotspots should be based on a deep ecological and evolutionary understanding of their functioning, which remains limited. Although functional traits can provide such insights, a corresponding, coherent framework is lacking. PROPOSED FRAMEWORK Plant communities in refugia and endemism hotspots should, due to long-term environmental stability, display unique functional characteristics linked to distinct phylogenetic patterns. Therefore, such communities should be characterized by a functional signature that exhibits: (1) distinct values and combinations of traits, (2) higher functional diversity and (3) a prevalence of similar traits belonging to more distantly related lineages inside, compared to outside, of endemism hotspots and refugia. While the limited functional trait data available from refugia and endemism hotspots do not allow these predictions to be tested rigorously, three potential applications of the functional signature in biogeography and conservation planning are highlighted. Firstly, it allows the functional characteristics of endemism hotspots and refugia to be identified. Secondly, the strength of the functional signature can be compared among these entities, and with the surrounding landscape, to provide an estimate of the capacity of endemism hotspots and refugia to buffer environmental changes. Finally, the pattern of the functional signature can reveal ecological and evolutionary processes driving community assembly and functioning, which can assist in predicting the effect of environmental changes (e.g. climate, land-use) on communities in endemism hotspots and refugia. CONCLUSION The proposed functional signature concept allows the systematic integration of plant functional traits and phylogeny into the study of endemism hotspots and refugia, but more data on functional traits in these entities are urgently needed. Overcoming this limitation would facilitate rigorous testing of the proposed predictions for the functional signature, advancing the eco-evolutionary understanding of endemism hotspots and refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Keppel
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, GPO, SA, Adelaide, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA, Adelaide, Australia
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Ottaviani
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Susan Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Grant W Wardell-Johnson
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate, ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration and School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Matteo Marcantonio
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Perth, Australia
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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