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De Vitis M, Havens K, Barak RS, Egerton-Warburton L, Ernst AR, Evans M, Fant JB, Foxx AJ, Hadley K, Jabcon J, O’Shaughnessey J, Ramakrishna S, Sollenberger D, Taddeo S, Urbina-Casanova R, Woolridge C, Xu L, Zeldin J, Kramer AT. Why are some plant species missing from restorations? A diagnostic tool for temperate grassland ecosystems. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.1028295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.N. Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to accelerate actions to prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems, and re-establish ecosystem functioning and species diversity. The practice of ecological restoration has made great progress in recent decades, as has recognition of the importance of species diversity to maintaining the long-term stability and functioning of restored ecosystems. Restorations may also focus on specific species to fulfill needed functions, such as supporting dependent wildlife or mitigating extinction risk. Yet even in the most carefully planned and managed restoration, target species may fail to germinate, establish, or persist. To support the successful reintroduction of ecologically and culturally important plant species with an emphasis on temperate grasslands, we developed a tool to diagnose common causes of missing species, focusing on four major categories of filters, or factors: genetic, biotic, abiotic, and planning & land management. Through a review of the scientific literature, we propose a series of diagnostic tests to identify potential causes of failure to restore target species, and treatments that could improve future outcomes. This practical diagnostic tool is meant to strengthen collaboration between restoration practitioners and researchers on diagnosing and treating causes of missing species in order to effectively restore them.
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Plant-Soil Feedback Effects on Germination and Growth of Native and Non-Native Species Common across Southern California. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12060217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in plant assemblages can influence biotic and abiotic soil conditions. These changes can cause plant–soil feedbacks that can inhibit or facilitate plant germination and growth. Here, we contribute to a growing literature examining plant–soil feedbacks in the endangered sage scrub ecosystem by examining the germination and growth of Artemisia californica, the dominant native shrub species in the ecosystem, in soil conditioned by two widespread plant invaders (Brassica nigra, Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens), and the germination and growth of these invasive species in conspecific and heterospecific soils. Our findings suggest that: (i) A. californica soils can limit establishment of some species (B. nigra) but not others (B. madritensis), (ii) A. californica soil conditions reduce growth of all plant species, and (iii) non-natives are negatively impacted by soil microbes, but in some contexts can do better in heterospecific soil. As our findings were often incongruent with other studies that examined interactions among similar species at other sites, we suggest that we are at our infancy of understanding these complex interactions, and that developing a predictive framework for understanding plant soil feedbacks in the sage scrub ecosystem involves understanding how various plant species respond in different soil contexts within the ecosystem.
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Yan Y, Dai Q, Hu G, Jiao Q, Mei L, Fu W. Effects of vegetation type on the microbial characteristics of the fissure soil-plant systems in karst rocky desertification regions of SW China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136543. [PMID: 32050385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In karst regions, shallow karst fissure (SKF) soil has proven to be an important plant habitat and soil resource. However, how plants affect the microbial abundance and community composition of SKF soil remains poorly studied. We explored the soil microbial community structure differences in fractured soil-plant systems by determining phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles under three vegetation types (herbs, shrubs and trees) in SKF and used a bare SKF without vegetation as the control in a karst rocky desertification area. The total microbial biomass and microbial community composition differed between surface soil and SKF soil. The total microbial biomass in surface soil was higher than that in SKF soil. In addition, in contrast to surface soil, the microbial communities in SKF soil were more vulnerable to the effects of environmental variables. Furthermore, plants had a significant positive effect on the accumulation of microbial biomass in surface and SKF soil: shrubs had the strongest effect, followed by trees. Vegetation types significantly affected the ratios of saturated PLFAs to monounsaturated PLFAs (SAT/MONO ratio) and cyclopropyl PLFAs to precursors (cy/pre ratio). In contrast to the SKF without vegetation, the SAT/MONO ratio and cy/pre ratio under grasslands, shrublands and trees were low. Herbs and shrubs had the greatest capacity to enhance the ability of soil to respond to environmental stress compared to trees. Our results suggest that, as an important plant habitat in karst regions, the condition of SKF soil should be urgently improved. The stereoscopic collocation of shrub-grass vegetation may be the preferred measure for vegetation restoration. Deep-rooted shrubs and grasses are best at improving soil and plant growth. Our study can be useful for developing strategies for vegetation rehabilitation in karst regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Yan
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guizhou University Institute of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Quanhou Dai
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guizhou University Institute of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guizhou University Institute of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Quan Jiao
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guizhou University Institute of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Guiyang 550025, China; Zunyi City Honghuagang District Water Affairs Bureau, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lina Mei
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guizhou University Institute of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Guiyang 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wenbing Fu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guizhou University Institute of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Huabao Environmental Technology Advisory Co., Ltd, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
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Turley NE, Bell‐Dereske L, Evans SE, Brudvig LA. Agricultural land‐use history and restoration impact soil microbial biodiversity. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nash E. Turley
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Lukas Bell‐Dereske
- Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Sarah E. Evans
- Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Lars A. Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
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Yang J, Wang Y, Cui X, Xue K, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Habitat filtering shapes the differential structure of microbial communities in the Xilingol grassland. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19326. [PMID: 31852979 PMCID: PMC6920139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial variability of microorganisms in grasslands can provide important insights regarding the biogeographic patterns of microbial communities. However, information regarding the degree of overlap and partitions of microbial communities across different habitats in grasslands is limited. This study investigated the microbial communities in three distinct habitats from Xilingol steppe grassland, i.e. animal excrement, phyllosphere, and soil samples, by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. All microbial community structures, i.e. for bacteria, archaea, and fungi, were significantly distinguished according to habitat. A high number of unique microorganisms but few coexisting microorganisms were detected, suggesting that the structure of microbial communities was mainly regulated by species selection and niche differentiation. However, the sequences of those limited coexisting microorganisms among the three different habitats accounted for over 60% of the total sequences, indicating their ability to adapt to variable environments. In addition, the biotic interactions among microorganisms based on a co-occurrence network analysis highlighted the importance of Microvirga, Blastococcus, RB41, Nitrospira, and four norank members of bacteria in connecting the different microbiomes. Collectively, the microbial communities in the Xilingol steppe grassland presented strong habitat preferences with a certain degree of dispersal and colonization potential to new habitats along the animal excrement- phyllosphere-soil gradient. This study provides the first detailed comparison of microbial communities in different habitats in a single grassland, and offers new insights into the biogeographic patterns of the microbial assemblages in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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McCaskill GL, Jose S, Chauhan A, Ogram AV. Soil nitrogen dynamics as an indicator for longleaf pine restoration. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George L. McCaskill
- Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory; USDA Forest Service; La Grande OR 97850 U.S.A
| | - Shibu Jose
- School of Natural Resources; University of Missouri; 203 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia MO 65211 U.S.A
| | - Ashvini Chauhan
- Environmental Sciences Institute; Florida A&M University; Tallahassee FL 32307 U.S.A
| | - Andrew V. Ogram
- Soil Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Soil and Water Science Department; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
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