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Low rate of performance validity failures among individuals with bipolar disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:298-305. [PMID: 35403599 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessing performance validity is imperative in both clinical and research contexts as data interpretation presupposes adequate participation from examinees. Performance validity tests (PVTs) are utilized to identify instances in which results cannot be interpreted at face value. This study explored the hit rates for two frequently used PVTs in a research sample of individuals with and without histories of bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of individuals with BD, we examined the performance of 736 individuals with BD and 255 individuals with no history of mental health disorder on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the California Verbal Learning Test forced choice trial (CVLT-FC) at three time points. RESULTS Undiagnosed individuals demonstrated 100% pass rate on PVTs and individuals with BD passed over 98% of the time. A mixed effects model adjusting for relevant demographic variables revealed no significant difference in TOMM scores between the groups, a = .07, SE = .07, p = .31. On the CVLT-FC, no clinically significant differences were observed (ps < .001). CONCLUSIONS Perfect PVT scores were obtained by the majority of individuals, with no differences in failure rates between groups. The tests have approximately >98% specificity in BD and 100% specificity among non-diagnosed individuals. Further, nearly 90% of individuals with BD obtained perfect scores on both measures, a trend observed at each time point.
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Uiterwijk D, Stargatt R, Crowe SF. Objective Cognitive Outcomes and Subjective Emotional Sequelae in Litigating Adults with a Traumatic Brain Injury: The Impact of Performance and Symptom Validity Measures. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:1662-1687. [PMID: 35704852 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relative contribution of performance and symptom validity in litigating adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), as a function of TBI severity, and examined the relationship between self-reported emotional symptoms and cognitive tests scores while controlling for validity test performance. METHOD Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment between January 2012 and June 2021 in the context of compensation-seeking claims related to a TBI. All participants completed a cognitive test battery, the Personality Assessment Inventory (including symptom validity tests; SVTs), and multiple performance validity tests (PVTs). Data analyses included independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, correlation analyses, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS A total of 370 participants were included. Atypical PVT and SVT performance were associated with poorer cognitive test performance and higher emotional symptom report, irrespective of TBI severity. PVTs and SVTs had an additive effect on cognitive test performance for uncomplicated mTBI, but less so for more severe TBI. The relationship between emotional symptoms and cognitive test performance diminished substantially when validity test performance was controlled, and validity test performance had a substantially larger impact than emotional symptoms on cognitive test performance. CONCLUSION Validity test performance has a significant impact on the neuropsychological profiles of people with TBI, irrespective of TBI severity, and plays a significant role in the relationship between emotional symptoms and cognitive test performance. Adequate validity testing should be incorporated into every neuropsychological assessment, and associations between emotional symptoms and cognitive outcomes that do not consider validity testing should be interpreted with extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uiterwijk
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn Stargatt
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon F Crowe
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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The Relationship Between Cognitive Functioning and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults with a Traumatic Brain Injury: a Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:758-806. [PMID: 34694543 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the relationship between cognitive test performance and symptoms of depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important given the high prevalence of these emotional symptoms following injury. It is also important to understand whether these relationships are affected by TBI severity, and the validity of test performance and symptom report. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether these symptoms are associated with cognitive test performance alterations in adults with a TBI. This meta-analysis was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews website (registration number: CRD42018089194). The electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for journal articles published up until May 2020. In total, 61 studies were included, which enabled calculation of pooled effect sizes for the cognitive domains of immediate memory (verbal and visual), recent memory (verbal and visual), attention, executive function, processing speed, and language. Depression had a small, negative relationship with most cognitive domains. These relationships remained, for the most part, when samples with mild TBI (mTBI)-only were analysed separately, but not for samples with more severe TBI (sTBI)-only. A similar pattern of results was found in the anxiety analysis. PTSD had a small, negative relationship with verbal memory, in samples with mTBI-only. No data were available for the PTSD analysis with sTBI samples. Moderator analyses indicated that the relationships between emotional symptoms and cognitive test performance may be impacted to some degree by exclusion of participants with atypical performance on performance validity tests (PVTs) or symptom validity tests (SVTs), however there were small study numbers and changes in effect size were not statistically significant. These findings are useful in synthesising what is currently known about the relationship between cognitive test performance and emotional symptoms in adults with TBI, demonstrating significant, albeit small, relationships between emotional symptoms and cognitive test performance in multiple domains, in non-military samples. Some of these relationships appeared to be mildly impacted by controlling for performance validity or symptom validity, however this was based on the relatively few studies using validity tests. More research including PVTs and SVTs whilst examining the relationship between emotional symptoms and cognitive outcomes is needed.
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Shillington AC, Langenecker SA, Shelton RC, Foxworth P, Allen L, Rhodes M, Pesa J, Williamson D, Rovner MH. Development of a patient decision aid for treatment resistant depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 275:299-306. [PMID: 32734922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared decision-making (SDM) involves patients and clinicians choosing treatment jointly. SDM in mental health is hampered by lack of well-developed supporting tools. We describe an evidence-based patient decision aid (PDA) to facilitate SDM for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) following US National Quality Forum standards which are based upon the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS). METHODS A web-based PDA was developed by a multidisciplinary steering committee of clinicians, patient advocates, patients and a decision scientist. Development included creating content consistent with decision-making domains that are impacted by patient preference in TRD. Development was guided by literature review, group conference calls/discussions, patient and clinician interviews (N = 8), high and lower literacy focus groups (N = 11) and pilot study (N = 5). The PDA presents risk-benefit information on domains (e.g., effectiveness, mode of administration, side effects, cost) and includes values clarification exercises. Pilot study patients were administered the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and Decision Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES) prior to and following PDA interaction and clinician SDM. RESULTS During the pilot, prior to PDA interaction, mean (standard deviation) DCS score was 42.2 (14.4) and DSES score was 86.0 (14.6) out of 100. Following PDA interaction and SDM, DCS decreased (improved) to 28.1 (SD 4.1) and DSES increased to 95.5 (6.7). All patients endorsed that the PDA helped them to: recognize pros and cons of options; understand how treatments were administered, possible side-effects, and likelihood of benefit; recognize what was important relative to the decision; organize thoughts and prepare for a discussion with their clinician. CONCLUSIONS This PDA may support SDM in TRD. A future trial to determine impact of the present SMD on decision-making quality is warranted. It also highlights gaps in comparative effectiveness trials that could guide equitable shared decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis Allen
- Advent Health Neuroscience Institute, Florida State University.
| | - Martha Rhodes
- Author - 3,000 Pulses Later: A Memoir of Surviving Depression Without Medication
| | - Jacqueline Pesa
- Population Health Research Real World Value & Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC.
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5
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Optimization of Performance Validity Test (PVT) Cutoffs across Healthy and Non-Referred Clinical Research Samples. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-020-09372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Hammers DB, Weisenbach S. Questioning the Effort Hypothesis That Depressed Patients Perform Disproportionately Worse on Effortful Cognitive Tasks. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:401-414. [PMID: 31928391 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519898356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The debate over Hasher and Zacks’ effort hypothesis—that performance on effortful tasks by patients with depression will be disproportionately worse than their performance on automatic tasks—shows a need for additional research to settle whether or not this notion is “clinical lore.” In this study, we categorized 285 outpatient recipients of neuropsychological evaluations into three groups—No Depression, Mild-to-Moderate Depression, and Severe Depression—based on their Beck Depression Inventory-2 self-reports. We then compared these groups’ performances on both “automatic” and “effortful” versions of the Ruff 2 & 7 Selective Attention Test Total Speed and Total Accuracy Indices, the Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intellectual Scale—Fourth Edition, and Trail Making Test Parts A and B, using a two-way (3 × 2) mixed multivariate analysis of variance. Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Depression or Severe Depression performed disproportionately worse than patients with No Depression in our sample on more effortful versions of only one of the four attention or executive functioning measures (Trail Making Test). Thus, these data failed to fully support a hypothesis of disproportionately worse performance on more effortful tasks. While this study failed to negate the effort hypothesis in some specific instances, particularly for use in the Trail Making Test, there is cause for caution in routinely applying the effort hypothesis when interpreting test findings in most clinical settings and for most measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin B Hammers
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging, and Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sara Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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Karstens AJ, Korzun I, Avery ET, Kassel MT, Keelan R, Kales H, Abercrombie H, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Langenecker SA, Weisenbach S. Examining HPA-axis functioning as a mediator of the relationship between depression and cognition across the adult lifespan. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 26:507-520. [PMID: 29993318 PMCID: PMC6329657 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2018.1495309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Altered HPA-axis functioning is a hypothesized mechanism for worsened cognition in depression. The current study examines the indirect effects of depression on processing speed, executive functioning, and memory as a function of the HPA-axis. 38 individuals with a depression diagnosis and 50 healthy controls (HCs) aged 18-86 underwent neuropsychological testing and at-home diurnal salivary cortisol collection. Depression was assessed via structured clinical interviews and rating scales. Cognitive composite scores were derived from factor analysis. Daytime cortisol exposure was estimated using area under the curve (AUC). Depression was associated with higher cortisol levels and slower processing speed . A significant suppression effect of AUC was present on the relationship between depression and processing speed. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and limited sample heterogeneity. Though poorly modulated HPA-axis is one proposed mechanism of cognitive alterations in depression, our results did not support this conclusion for processing speed. Alternative mechanisms should be considered to inform interventions to target cognitive alterations in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee James Karstens
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry, Chicago, IL
| | - Inez Korzun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Erich T. Avery
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Rachel Keelan
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
- James A Haley VA, Tampa, FL
| | - Helen Kales
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Tory Eisenlohr-Moul
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry, Chicago, IL
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry, Chicago, IL
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sara Weisenbach
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry, Chicago, IL
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry, Salt Lake City, UT
- VA Salt Lake City, Mental Health Service, Salt Lake City, UT
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Hymen EA, Rao JA, Peters AT, Jenkins LM, Weisenbach SL, Kassel MT, Farah LB, Skerrett KA, Haywood JT, Angers K, Pester B, Baker A, Zubieta JK, Ryan KA, Langenecker SA. Memory differences by sex, but not by previous diagnosis of major depressive disorder. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 27:134-142. [PMID: 30811264 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1496334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Memory difficulties are consistently reported in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Nonetheless, it has not been thoroughly investigated as to whether these deficits persist during remission from MDD. A group of 32 healthy young adults with no history of a mood disorder (Mage = 20.8, SD = 2.1) and 62 remitted depressed young adults (Mage = 21.1, SD = 1.9) completed a neuropsychological battery. The test battery included two measures of nonverbal memory, two measures of verbal memory, and a measure of performance validity. The testing session was repeated three to six weeks later to determine performance stability. No differences were found between healthy controls and remitted depressed patients in either memory domain (all ps > .05) and improvement in performance was exhibited over time for both groups (p = 0.004). Potential practice effects are examined. We found a stronger performance for women than men (p = 0.003), particularly for the Semantic List Learning Task (SLLT) (p = .047). Verbal and nonverbal memory and effort may not be impacted in those who are in a remitted state of MDD, early in the course of the illness. Women demonstrated auditory memory superiority over men, similar to prior research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Hymen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julia A Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisanne M Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Hospital Research & Development Program, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michelle T Kassel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura B Farah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristy A Skerrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua T Haywood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaley Angers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany Pester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly A Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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The Grooved Pegboard Test as a Validity Indicator—a Study on Psychogenic Interference as a Confound in Performance Validity Research. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-018-9337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Schultz IZ, Sepehry AA, Greer SC. Impact of Common Mental Health Disorders on Cognition: Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Forensic Neuropsychology Context. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-018-9322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Wang J, Wei Q, Yuan X, Jiang X, Xu J, Zhou X, Tian Y, Wang K. Local functional connectivity density is closely associated with the response of electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:658-664. [PMID: 28910748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neuroanatomical basis of response to ECT is still largely unknown. METHODS In present study, we used functional connectivity density (FCD) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to identify the relationship between the changes of resting-state activities and ECT responses in 23 MDD patients before and after ECT. In addition, the identified neural indices as classification characteristics were entered into multivariate pattern analysis using linear support vector machine (SVM) to classify 23 MDD patients before ECT from 25 gender, age and years of education matched healthy controls. RESULTS We found that the changes of local FCD (lFCD), not long-range FCD, of the left pre-/postcentral gyrus (Pre-/postCG), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), and right STG were significantly correlated with the changes of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores in MDD patients before and after ECT. The subsequent functional connectivity analysis revealed significantly decreased functional connectivity between right STG and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in MDD after ECT in spite of no correlation with HRSD scores. Finally, SVM-based classification achieved an accuracy of 72.92% with a sensitivity of 73.91% and a specificity of 72% by leave-one-out cross-validation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that Pre-/postCG and bilateral STG play an important role in response of ECT in MDD patients, and the lFCD in these areas may serve as a biomarker for predicting ECT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, Shannan People's Hospital, Shannan 856000, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China.
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12
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Erdodi LA, Abeare CA, Medoff B, Seke KR, Sagar S, Kirsch NL. A Single Error Is One Too Many: The Forced Choice Recognition Trial of the CVLT-II as a Measure of Performance Validity in Adults with TBI. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 33:845-860. [DOI: 10.1093/acn/acx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo A Erdodi
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 168 Chrysler Hall South, Windsor, Canada ON
| | - Christopher A Abeare
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 170 Chrysler Hall South, Windsor, Canada ON
| | - Brent Medoff
- The Commonwealth Medical College, 525 Pine St, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Kristian R Seke
- University of Windsor, Brain-Cognition-Neuroscience Program, G105 Chrysler Hall North, Windsor, Canada ON
| | - Sanya Sagar
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 109 Chrysler Hall North, Windsor, Canada ON
| | - Ned L Kirsch
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Briarwood Circle #4 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Erdodi LA, Rai JK. A single error is one too many: Examining alternative cutoffs on Trial 2 of the TOMM. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1362-1368. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1332386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo A. Erdodi
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jaspreet K. Rai
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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14
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The BDAE Complex Ideational Material—a Measure of Receptive Language or Performance Validity? PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-016-9254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Decreased Fronto-Limbic Activation and Disrupted Semantic-Cued List Learning in Major Depressive Disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016; 22:412-25. [PMID: 26831638 PMCID: PMC4856469 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrate poorer learning and memory skills relative to never-depressed comparisons (NDC). Previous studies report decreased volume and disrupted function of frontal lobes and hippocampi in MDD during memory challenge. However, it has been difficult to dissociate contributions of short-term memory and executive functioning to memory difficulties from those that might be attributable to long-term memory deficits. METHODS Adult males (MDD, n=19; NDC, n=22) and females (MDD, n=23; NDC, n=19) performed the Semantic List Learning Task (SLLT) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The SLLT Encoding condition consists of 15 lists, each containing 14 words. After each list, a Distractor condition occurs, followed by cued Silent Rehearsal instructions. Post-scan recall and recognition were collected. Groups were compared using block (Encoding-Silent Rehearsal) and event-related (Words Recalled) models. RESULTS MDD displayed lower recall relative to NDC. NDC displayed greater activation in several temporal, frontal, and parietal regions, for both Encoding-Silent Rehearsal and the Words Recalled analyses. Groups also differed in activation patterns in regions of the Papez circuit in planned analyses. The majority of activation differences were not related to performance, presence of medications, presence of comorbid anxiety disorder, or decreased gray matter volume in MDD. CONCLUSIONS Adults with MDD exhibit memory difficulties during a task designed to reduce the contribution of individual variability from short-term memory and executive functioning processes, parallel with decreased activation in memory and executive functioning circuits. Ecologically valid long-term memory tasks are imperative for uncovering neural correlates of memory performance deficits in adults with MDD.
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16
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Zou K, Gao Q, Long Z, Xu F, Sun X, Chen H, Sun X. Abnormal functional connectivity density in first-episode, drug-naive adult patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 194:153-8. [PMID: 26826535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found evidence of brain functional connectivity (FC) changes with pre-selected region-of-interest (ROI) method in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, these studies could not completely exclude personal inequality when drawing ROIs manually and did not measure the total number of FC for each voxel. Here, we firstly applied functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping, a voxel-based analysis to locate the hubs with amount changes of FC between 22 first-episode, drug-naive adult MDD patients and 22 healthy control (HC) subjects. Both short-range (local) FCD and long-range (distal) FCD were measured. The relationships of FCD changes with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores and illness duration were also explored. Compared with the HC group, MDD patients showed significantly decreased short-range FCD in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and bilateral precuneus, while significantly decreased long-range FCD was found in bilateral middle occipital gyrus (MOG), superior occipital gyrus (SOG) and right calcarine. These results firstly demonstrated both local and distal alterations of connection amount at voxel level, and highlighted that the OFC, the precuneus, the STG and the visual cortex were important brain network hubs for first-episode, drug-naive adult MDD patients. Our findings were complementary for previous structural and functional studies in MDD patients, and provided new evidence of the dysfunction of connection hubs in the pathophysiology of MDD at voxel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zou
- Neurobiological Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xueli Sun
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Differential Resting State Connectivity Patterns and Impaired Semantically Cued List Learning Test Performance in Early Course Remitted Major Depressive Disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016; 22:225-39. [PMID: 26888619 PMCID: PMC4844801 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a well-known association between memory impairment and major depressive disorder (MDD). Additionally, recent studies are also showing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) abnormalities in active and remitted MDD. However, no studies to date have examined both rs connectivity and memory performance in early course remitted MDD, nor the relationship between connectivity and semantically cued episodic memory. METHODS The rsMRI data from two 3.0 Tesla GE scanners were collected from 34 unmedicated young adults with remitted MDD (rMDD) and 23 healthy controls (HCs) between 18 and 23 years of age using bilateral seeds in the hippocampus. Participants also completed a semantically cued list-learning test, and their performance was correlated with hippocampal seed-based rsMRI. Regression models were also used to predict connectivity patterns from memory performance. RESULTS After correcting for sex, rMDD subjects performed worse than HCs on the total number of words recalled and recognized. rMDD demonstrated significant in-network hypoactivation between the hippocampus and multiple fronto-temporal regions, and multiple extra-network hyperconnectivities between the hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions when compared to HCs. Memory performance negatively predicted connectivity in HCs and positively predicted connectivity in rMDD. Conclusions Even when individuals with a history of MDD are no longer displaying active depressive symptoms, they continue to demonstrate worse memory performance, disruptions in hippocampal connectivity, and a differential relationship between episodic memory and hippocampal connectivity.
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Shirayama Y, Ishima T, Oda Y, Okamura N, Iyo M, Hashimoto K. Opposite roles for neuropeptide S in the nucleus accumbens and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in learned helplessness rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:67-71. [PMID: 25986404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of neuropeptide S (NPS) in depression remains unclear. We examined the antidepressant-like effects of NPS infusions into the shell or core regions of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of learned helplessness (LH) rats (an animal model of depression). Infusions of NPS (10 pmol/side) into the NAc shell, but not the NAc core and BNST, exerted antidepressant-like effects in the LH paradigm. Implying that behavioral deficits could be improved in the conditioned avoidance test. Coinfusion of SHA68 (an NPS receptor antagonist, 100 pmol/side) with NPS into the NAc shell blocked these effects. In contrast, NPS receptor antagonism by SHA68 in the BNST induced antidepressant-like effects. Infusions of NPS into the NAc shell or SHA68 into the BNST did not produce memory deficits or locomotor activation in the passive avoidance and open field tests. These results suggest that excitatory and inhibitory actions by the NPS system are integral to the depression in LH animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoe Okamura
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
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Greater executive and visual memory dysfunction in comorbid bipolar disorder and substance use disorder. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:252-7. [PMID: 22769049 PMCID: PMC3650480 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Measures of cognitive dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder (BD) have identified state and trait dependent metrics. An influence of substance abuse (SUD) on BD has been suggested. This study investigates potential differential, additive, or interactive cognitive dysfunction in bipolar patients with or without a history of SUD. Two hundred fifty-six individuals with BD, 98 without SUD and 158 with SUD, and 97 Healthy Controls (HC) completed diagnostic interviews, neuropsychological testing, and symptom severity scales. The BD groups exhibited poorer performance than the HC group on most cognitive factors. The BD with SUD exhibited significantly poorer performance than BD without SUD in visual memory and conceptual reasoning/set-shifting. In addition, a significant interaction effect between substance use and depressive symptoms was found for auditory memory and emotion processing. BD patients with a history of SUD demonstrated worse visual memory and conceptual reasoning skills above and beyond the dysfunction observed in these domains among individuals with BD without SUD, suggesting greater impact on integrative, gestalt-driven processing domains. Future research might address longitudinal outcome as a function of BD, SUD, and combined BD/SUD to evaluate neural systems involved in risk for, and effects of, these illnesses.
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Talarowska M, Gałecki P, Maes M, Bobińska K, Kowalczyk E. Total antioxidant status correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1761-7. [PMID: 22562440 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Depressive disorder is a multifactorial diseases, that one of the typical feature are cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and to define relationship between plasma levels of TAS and the cognitive performance. DESIGN AND METHODS the study comprised 74 subjects: patients with rDD (n = 45) and healthy subjects (n = 29). Cognitive function assessment was based on: Trail Making Test, The Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test and Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of depression symptoms, measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) on therapy onset versus the examination results after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). The level of TAS was substantially higher in patients with rDD (p = 0.01). For rDD patients, elevated TAS levels were associated with worse cognitive test performance. The higher was the concentration of plasma TAS, the greater was the severity of depressive symptoms measured by HDRS before and after pharmacotherapy. (1) Higher concentration of plasma TAS in rDD patients is associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. (2) Elevated levels of plasma TAS are related to impairment of short-term declarative memory, long-term declarative-memory, verbal fluency and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland.
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