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Li W, Yang Y, Lin Y, Mu D. In Vitro Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Promoting Transplanted Fat Survival by Regulating Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:2179-2189. [PMID: 38409346 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting (AFG) has emerged as a highly sought-after plastic surgery procedure, although its success has been hampered by the uncertain fat survival rate. Current evidence suggests that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) may contribute to fat retention in AFG. In previous studies, it was confirmed that thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) could enhance fat survival in vivo, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. METHODS ADSCs were isolated from patients undergoing liposuction and their proliferation, apoptosis, anti-apoptosis, and migration were analyzed under Tβ4 stimulation using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and real-time quantitative PCR. The mRNA levels of genes relating to angiogenesis and Hippo signaling were also determined. RESULTS Tβ4 at 100 ng/mL (p-value = 0.0171) and 1000 ng/mL (p-value = 0.0054) significantly increased ADSC proliferation from day 1 compared to the control group (0 ng/mL). In addition, the mRNA levels of proliferation-associated genes were elevated in the Tβ4 group. Furthermore, Tβ4 enhanced the anti-apoptotic ability of ADSCs when stimulated with Tβ4 and an apoptotic induction reagent (0 ng/mL vs. 1000 ng/mL, p-value = 0.011). Crucially, the mRNA expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes and critical genes in the Hippo pathway were affected by Tβ4 in ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Tβ4 enhances adipose viability in AFG via facilitating ADSC proliferation and reducing apoptosis, and acts as a crucial positive regulator of ADSC-associated angiogenesis. Additionally, Tβ4 could be accountable for the phenotypic adjustment of ADSCs by regulating the Hippo pathway. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Li
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Mu
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
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Lin Y, Pan B, Mu D. Ferroptosis in Autologous Fat Transplantation: A New Hypothesis. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:e736-e739. [PMID: 37418612 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous adipose tissue transplantation is widely used for cosmetic and reconstruction of various areas in the body, often to repair soft tissue volume loss or contoured deformation. However, the application of fat transplantation is limited by unstable and unpredictable volume retention rates. At present, promoting adipose tissue survival and inhibiting its death is the key to improve the effect of autologous fat transplantation. In this paper, we propose a hypothesis that ferroptosis exists in fat transplantation. The bases of this hypothesis include the following: (1) the association between ferroptosis and other programmed cell death; (2) the association between ferroptosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury; and (3) the use of ferroptosis inhibitors in the field of fat transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Mu
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery
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Li W, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lin Y, Li H, Yao Y, Mu D. The preliminary study of exosomes derived from thymosin beta 4-treated adipose-derived stem cells in fat grafting. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:413-427. [PMID: 36445571 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retention rate in autologous fat grafting is an increasing concern for surgeons and patients. Our previous research verified that thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) positively affected fat survival, while the mechanism was unknown. The endothelial cells (ECs) and exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were regarded to play a critical role in fat transplantation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exosomes derived from Tβ4-treated ADSCs on EC proliferation and to identify the exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profile compared with the Tβ4-untreated group. Additionally, this research intended to recognize the related molecules and signaling pathways in the Tβ4-treated group with potential roles in fat transplants. METHODS ADSCs were collected from patients who underwent liposuction surgery. Depending on whether the medium was supplemented with exogenous Tβ4 or not, exosomes derived from cultured ADSCs were divided into the Tβ4-Exos group and Con-Exos group. Exosome uptake and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays assessed the influence of Tβ4-Exos on EC proliferation. The exosomal miRNAs of the two groups were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. With the criteria at the |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 and p-value < 0.05, up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were obtained. Prediction databases were used to predict the downstream mRNAs for DEMs. And then, overlapping genes for the up-regulated DEMs and the down-regulated were screened out, followed by enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction, and the gene cluster and hub gene identification. RESULTS ADSCs were obtained from four female patients. The exosome uptake and CCK-8 assays showed that the Tβ4-Exos could increase cell growth rate compared with the control group (DMEM-H + PBS). In Tβ4-Exos and Con-Exos groups, 2651 exosomal miRNAs were recognized, with 80 up-regulated and 99 down-regulated DEMs according to the criteria. After the prediction, 621 overlapping genes for the up-regulated and 572 for the down-regulated DEMs were screened. The subsequent bioinformatics analysis found specific molecules and pathways related to the positive effect on fat survival. CONCLUSIONS The exosomes derived from Tβ4-treated ADSCs probably positively affect EC proliferation. Compared with the Con-Exos group, several exosomal DEMs, genes, and pathways were distinguished. These findings of this exploratory study provide the potential direction for future in-depth research on fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Li
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Mu
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
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Ho CK, Zheng D, Sun J, Wen D, Wu S, Yu L, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Li Q. LRG-1 promotes fat graft survival through the RAB31-mediated inhibition of hypoxia-induced apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3153-3168. [PMID: 35322540 PMCID: PMC9170820 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous adipose tissue is an ideal soft tissue filling material, and its biocompatibility is better than that of artificial tissue substitutes, foreign bodies and heterogeneous materials. Although autologous fat transplantation has many advantages, the low retention rate of adipose tissue limits its clinical application. Here, we identified a secretory glycoprotein, leucine‐rich‐alpha‐2‐glycoprotein 1 (LRG‐1), that could promote fat graft survival through RAB31‐mediated inhibition of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis. We showed that LRG‐1 injection significantly increased the maintenance of fat volume and weight compared with the control. In addition, higher fat integrity, more viable adipocytes and fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the LRG‐1‐treated groups. Furthermore, we discovered that LRG‐1 could reduce the ADSC apoptosis induced by hypoxic conditions. The mechanism underlying the LRG‐1‐mediated suppression of the ADSC apoptosis induced by hypoxia was mediated by the upregulation of RAB31 expression. Using LRG‐1 for fat grafts may prove to be clinically successful for increasing the retention rate of transplanted fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Kang Ho
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danning Zheng
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongsheng Wen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Xiao T, Liao Y, Bao Y, Qiu H, Sun S, Guo J. Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Stricture after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Early Esophageal Cancer. J Transl Int Med 2020; 8:135-145. [PMID: 33062589 PMCID: PMC7534493 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the main treatment for early esophageal cancer. While treating the disease, ESD may also cause postoperative esophageal stricture, which is a global issue that needs resolution. Various methods have been applied to resolve the problem, such as mechanical dilatation, glucocorticoids, anti-scarring drugs, and regenerative medicine; however, no standard treatment regimen exists. This article describes and evaluates the strengths and limitations of new and promising potential strategies for the treatment and prevention of esophageal strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingyue Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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