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Djuric M, Nikolic Turnic T, Kostic S, Radonjic K, Jeremic J, Petkovic A, Bradic J, Milosavljevic I, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Djuric D, Jakovljevic V, Stevanovic P. Inhibition of gasotransmitters production and calcium influx affect cardiodynamic variables and cardiac oxidative stress in propofol-anesthetized male Wistar rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:850-856. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been assumed that the cardioprotective effects of propofol are due to its non-anesthetic pleiotropic cardiac and vasodilator effects, in which gasotransmitters (NO, H2S, and CO) as well as calcium influx could be involved. The study on isolated rat heart was performed using 4 experimental groups (n = 7 in each): (1) bolus injection of propofol (100 mg/kg body mass, i.p.); (2) L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor, 60 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol; (3) DL-PAG (H2S synthase inhibitor, 50 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol; (4) ZnPPIX (CO synthase inhibitor, 50 μmol/kg body mass, i.p.) + propofol. Before and after the verapamil (3 μmol/L) administration, cardiodynamic parameters were recorded (dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, systolic left ventricular pressure, diastolic left ventricular pressure, heart rate, coronary flow), as well as coronary and cardiac oxidative stress parameters. The results showed significant increases of diastolic left ventricular pressure following NO and CO inhibition, but also increases of coronary flow following H2S and CO inhibition. Following verapamil administration, significant decreases of dp/dtmax were noted after NO and CO inhibition, then increase of diastolic left ventricular pressure following CO inhibition, and increase of coronary flow following NO, H2S, or CO inhibition. Oxidative stress markers were increased but catalase activity was significantly decreased in cardiac tissue. Gasotransmitters and calcium influx are involved in pleiotropic cardiovascular effects of propofol in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Djuric
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T. Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - S. Kostic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K. Radonjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - J. Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - A. Petkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - J. Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I. Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - I. Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - V. Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - D. Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - P. Stevanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje”, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dogan MF, Arslan SO, Yildiz O, Kurtoglu M, Parlar A. Propofol-Induced Vasodilation in Human Internal Mammary Artery: Role of Potassium Channels. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2183-2191. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dogan MF, Yildiz O, Arslan SO, Ulusoy KG. Potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle: a pathophysiological and pharmacological perspective. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:504-523. [PMID: 30851197 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ) ion channel activity is an important determinant of vascular tone by regulating cell membrane potential (MP). Activation of K+ channels leads to membrane hyperpolarization and subsequently vasodilatation, while inhibition of the channels causes membrane depolarization and then vasoconstriction. So far five distinct types of K+ channels have been identified in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs): Ca+2 -activated K+ channels (BKC a ), voltage-dependent K+ channels (KV ), ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP ), inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir ), and tandem two-pore K+ channels (K2 P). The activity and expression of vascular K+ channels are changed during major vascular diseases such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. The defective function of K+ channels is commonly associated with impaired vascular responses and is likely to become as a result of changes in K+ channels during vascular diseases. Increased K+ channel function and expression may also help to compensate for increased abnormal vascular tone. There are many pharmacological and genotypic studies which were carried out on the subtypes of K+ channels expressed in variable amounts in different vascular beds. Modulation of K+ channel activity by molecular approaches and selective drug development may be a novel treatment modality for vascular dysfunction in the future. This review presents the basic properties, physiological functions, pathophysiological, and pharmacological roles of the five major classes of K+ channels that have been determined in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Fatih Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Yildiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, 06170, Turkey
| | - Seyfullah Oktay Arslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Kemal Gokhan Ulusoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, 06170, Turkey
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Aguirre JA, Lucchinetti E, Clanachan AS, Plane F, Zaugg M. Unraveling Interactions Between Anesthetics and the Endothelium. Anesth Analg 2016; 122:330-48. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang YX, Sun JJ, Zhang M, Hou XH, Hong J, Zhou YJ, Zhang ZY. Propofol injection combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation better improves electrophysiological function in the hindlimb of rats with spinal cord injury than monotherapy. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:636-43. [PMID: 26170827 PMCID: PMC4424759 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.155440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on nervous system damage are not satisfactory. Propofol has been shown to protect against spinal cord injury. Therefore, this study sought to explore the therapeutic effects of their combination on spinal cord injury. Rat models of spinal cord injury were established using the weight drop method. Rats were subjected to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via tail vein injection and/or propofol injection via tail vein using an infusion pump. Four weeks after cell transplantation and/or propofol treatment, the cavity within the spinal cord was reduced. The numbers of PKH-26-positive cells and horseradish peroxidase-positive nerve fibers apparently increased in the spinal cord. Latencies of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials in the hindlimb were noticeably shortened, amplitude was increased and hindlimb motor function was obviously improved. Moreover, the combined effects were better than cell transplantation or propofol injection alone. The above data suggest that the combination of propofol injection and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively improve hindlimb electrophysiological function, promote the recovery of motor funtion, and play a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xin Wang
- First Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Union Medical College Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Operating Room, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hou
- First Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xingtai People's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- First Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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Gunduz E, Arun O, Bagci ST, Oc B, Salman A, Yilmaz SA, Celik C, Duman A. Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on isolated human umbilical arteries pre-contracted with dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 41:697-703. [PMID: 25511326 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on the contraction elicited by dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline on isolated human umbilical arteries. METHODS Umbilical arteries were cut into endothelium-denuded spiral strips and suspended in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution bubbled with O2 +CO2 mixture. Control contraction to phenylephrine (10(-5) M) was recorded. Response curves were obtained to 10(-5) M dopamine, 10(-5) M adrenaline or 10(-5) M noradrenaline. Afterwards, either cumulative propofol (10(-6) M, 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M) or cumulative sevoflurane (1.2%, 2.4% and 3.6%) was added to the organ bath, and the responses were recorded. Responses are expressed percentage of phenylephrine-induced contraction (mean ± standard deviation) (P < 0.05 = significance). RESULTS Propofol and sevoflurane elicited concentration-dependent relaxations in strips pre-contracted with dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline (P < 0.05). Highest (10(-4) M) concentration of propofol caused significantly higher relaxation compared with the highest (3.6%) concentration of sevoflurane in the contraction elicited by dopamine. High (10(-5) M) and highest concentrations of propofol caused significantly higher relaxation compared with the high (2.4%) and highest concentrations of sevoflurane on the contraction elicited by adrenaline. High and highest concentrations of sevoflurane caused significantly higher relaxation compared with the high and highest concentrations of propofol on the contraction elicited by noradrenaline. CONCLUSION Dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline elicit contractions in human umbilical arteries, and noradrenaline causes the highest contraction. Both propofol and sevoflurane inhibit these contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Propofol caused greater relaxation in the contractions elicited by dopamine and adrenaline while sevoflurane caused greater relaxation in the contraction elicited by noradrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergun Gunduz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Zhang G, Cui J, Chen Y, Ma J. The relaxant effect of propofol on isolated rat intrapulmonary arteries. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:377-81. [PMID: 25352756 PMCID: PMC4211120 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Propofol is a widely used anesthetic. Many studies have shown that propofol has direct effects on blood vessels, but the precise mechanism is not fully understood. Secondary intrapulmonary artery rings from male rats were prepared and mounted in a Multi Myograph System. The following constrictors were used to induce contractions in isolated artery rings: high K(+) solution (60 mmol/L); U46619 solution (100 nmol/L); 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 3 µmol/L); or phenylephrine (Phe; 1 µmol/L). The relaxation effects of propofol were tested on high K(+) or U46619 precontracted rings. Propofol also was added to induce relaxation of rings preconstricted by U46619 after pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The effects of propofol on Ca(2+) influx via the L-type Ca(2+) channels were evaluated by examining contraction-dependent responses to CaCl2 in the absence or presence of propofol (10 to 300 µmol/L). High K(+) solution and U46619 induced remarkable contractions of the rings, whereas contractions induced by 5-HT and Phe were weak. Propofol induced dose-dependent relaxation of artery rings precontracted by the high K(+) solution. Propofol also induced relaxation of rings precontracted by U46619 in an endothelium-independent way. Propofol at different concentrations significantly inhibited the Ca(2+)-induced contractions of pulmonary rings exposed to high K(+)-containing and Ca(2+)-free solution in a dose-dependent manner. Propofol relaxed vessels precontracted by the high K(+) solution and U46619 in an endothelium-independent way. The mechanism for this effect may involve inhibition of calcium influx through voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs) and receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianxiu Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jue Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, China
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Sakai Y, Kawahito S, Takaishi K, Mita N, Kinoshita H, Hatakeyama N, Azma T, Nakaya Y, Kitahata H. Propofol-induced relaxation of rat aorta is altered by aging. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 61:278-84. [PMID: 25264045 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol causes vasodilation via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Because endothelial function is impaired with aging, the effects of propofol on endothelium-dependent vasodilation might be altered by aging. The aim of this study was thus to determine the effects of aging on vascular responses to propofol. METHODS Young (4-6 weeks old) or adult (16-25 weeks old) rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane. The thoracic aorta was dissected and cut into pieces 3-4 mm in length. In some rings, the endothelium was deliberately removed. The ring segment of the aorta was mounted for isometric force recording at a resting tension of 0.5-1.0 g in a 2 ml organ bath, containing Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. Arteries were precontracted with phenylephrine, and the function of endothelium was confirmed with acetylcholine. Then, we studied the concentration-dependent effects of propofol in endothelium-intact (control group) and -denuded aortic rings (denuded group), as well as those treated with N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME group). RESULTS Relaxation due to propofol was observed in the control groups of both young and adult rats in a concentration-dependent manner, but the magnitude of relaxation was significantly greater in young rats. In addition, in young rats, relaxation due to propofol was significantly and equally reduced in both L-NAME and denuded groups at all propofol concentrations that we studied (10(-6)-10(-3) M). In adult rats, relaxation due to propofol was quite similar between control and L-NAME groups at all propofol concentrations, whereas it was significantly reduced in the denuded group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that endothelium-derived nitric oxide plays an important role in propofol-induced vasodilation in young rats, but not in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokushima University Hospital
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Gragasin FS, Bourque SL, Davidge ST. Propofol increases vascular relaxation in aging rats chronically treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:775-83. [PMID: 23429803 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182825fbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both propofol use and advanced age are predictors of intraoperative hypotension. We previously demonstrated that propofol enhances vasodilation in mesenteric arteries from aged rats, partly due to increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Patients chronically treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may exhibit refractory hypotension under general anesthesia. We hypothesized that propofol enhances NO-mediated vasodilation in arteries from aged rats chronically treated with ACE inhibitors. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats aged 12 to 13 months were treated with or without captopril for 7 to 8 weeks, yielding a final age of 14 to 15 months at the time of experimentation. Before euthanasia, arterial blood pressures were obtained through carotid artery cannulation. Concentration-response curves to propofol (0.1-100 µM) or methacholine (MCh) (0.01-3 µM) were then assessed on isolated resistance mesenteric arteries (100-200 μm diameter) from both treatment (captopril) and control rats. MCh relaxation was also assessed after propofol pretreatment (1 and 10 µM). N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (100 µM) and meclofenamate (10 µM) were used to inhibit NO and prostaglandin synthesis, respectively. Concentration-response data were summarized as 50% of the maximum relaxation response or area under the curve. RESULTS Mean arterial blood pressure in the captopril-treated rats was lower than in untreated rats (P = 0.049). When comparing relaxation in arteries from captopril-treated versus untreated rats, concentration-response curves revealed that captopril-treated rats display greater direct propofol relaxation (P = 0.018). MCh relaxation in the absence of propofol, however, was not different between captopril-treated and untreated rats (P = 0.80). Propofol pretreatment increased MCh relaxation in arteries from captopril-treated compared with untreated rats (P = 0.029 for 1 µM and P = 0.020 for 10 µM). Meclofenamate did not have an effect in this response (P = 0.22). l-NAME-dependent inhibition of MCh relaxation, however, was greater in arteries from control compared with captopril-treated rats (P = 0.0077). However, propofol increased the proportion of NO-dependent vasodilation to MCh similarly in both groups. This suggests that other vasodilatory pathways are involved in the differential response to MCh in the presence of propofol in captopril-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that mesenteric arterial relaxation in response to propofol, both by direct stimulation and through modulation of endothelium-dependent mechanisms, is, in part, NO-dependent. In captopril-treated rats, propofol further increased arterial relaxation through a non-NO-dependent vasodilating pathway (e.g., endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor), which may account for enhanced vasodilation during propofol exposure in patients treated with ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrante S Gragasin
- FRCPC, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, 8-120 Clinical Science Building, 8440-112 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3.
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Moriyama T, Tsuneyoshi I, Kanmura Y. Effects of a novel benzodiazepine derivative, JM-1232(-), on human gastroepiploic artery in vitro. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011; 25:72-7. [PMID: 20599400 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of JM-1232(-) on norepinephrine (10(-6) mol/L)- and high K(+) (40 mmol/L)-induced contractions in isolated human gastroepiploic arteries (GEA), and to compare them with the effects of midazolam and propofol. In addition, to investigate whether the benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, flumazenil, or μ-opioid-receptor antagonist, naloxone, influenced the vascular effects of JM-1232(-). DESIGN An in vitro experimental study. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS GEA segments were used from 69 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS JM-1232(-) produced dose-dependent relaxation effects in the rings. Although these effects of JM-1232(-) were greater than those of midazolam and propofol at high concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) mol/L), there were no significantly different relaxation effects at the clinical concentrations of 3 × 10(-6) mol/L JM-1232(-), 3 × 10(-6) mol/L midazolam, and 1 × 10(-5) mol/L propofol. In addition, all these effects were independent of the presence of a functional endothelium. Vasorelaxation induced by JM-1232(-) on norepinephrine-preconstricted GEA was inhibited by flumazenil, but not by naloxone. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that JM-1232(-) dose-dependently relaxes smooth muscle in human GEA, this effect being independent of the endothelium. Within the ranges of plasma concentrations achieved in clinical practice, JM-1232(-) had similar vasorelaxation effects to midazolam and propofol. JM-1232(-)-induced vasorelaxation was inhibited by flumazenil, indicating that JM-1232(-)-induced vasorelaxation occurred via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor activation in the GEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Kassam SI, Lu C, Buckley N, Lee RMKW. The mechanisms of propofol-induced vascular relaxation and modulation by perivascular adipose tissue and endothelium. Anesth Analg 2011; 112:1339-45. [PMID: 21543785 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318215e094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol causes hypotension due to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells through its direct or indirect vasodilator effects. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and endothelium attenuate vascular contraction, and the function of PVAT is altered in hypertension and diabetes. Whether PVAT affects the action of anesthetics on vascular function is unknown. We studied the mechanisms of propofol-induced relaxation in relation to the involvement of PVAT and endothelium. METHODS Thoracic aortic rings from Wistar rats were prepared with or without PVAT (PVAT+ and PVAT-), intact endothelium (E+), or both, or with the endothelium removed (E-) for functional studies. RESULTS In phenylephrine precontracted vessels, propofol-induced relaxation was highest with both PVAT and E+ and lowest in vessels denuded of both PVAT and endothelium. Propofol-induced relaxation occurred via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The relaxation response induced by propofol was significantly reduced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (l-NNA), K(+) channel blockers (tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide) in E+ and E- vessels, and by soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4) oxadiazolo (4,3-A) quinazoline-1-one and hydrogen peroxide scavenger (catalase) in E- vessels. The presence of PVAT significantly enhanced the relaxation response induced by propofol. In contrast to phenylephrine precontracted vessels in which the presence of PVAT or endothelium had an effect, in vessels precontracted with KCl, propofol-induced relaxation was similar among the 4 types of vessel preparation. CONCLUSIONS PVAT enhances the relaxation effect induced by propofol in rat aorta through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent pathways thus highlighting the clinical importance of PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira I Kassam
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Krzych LJ, Szurlej D, Bochenek A. Rationale for Propofol Use in Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009; 23:878-85. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Effects of propofol on responses of rat isolated renal arteriole to vasoactive agents. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Berkestedt I, Nelson A, Bodelsson M. Endogenous antimicrobial peptide LL-37 induces human vasodilatation † †A preliminary account of these results has been presented to the 29th Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gothenburg, September 5–8, 2007. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:803-9. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Caliskan E, Kayhan Z, Tufan H. Propofol inhibits potassium chloride induced contractions of isolated human umbilical vessels. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006; 23:411-7. [PMID: 16438770 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021505001924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We have evaluated the effects of propofol and its relationship with K+ channels on human isolated umbilical vessels. METHODS Umbilical vessel rings were suspended in isolated organ baths containing Krebs-Ringer solution. In the first series of experiments the effect of propofol (10(-9)-10(-4) M) was examined in a concentration-dependent manner on umbilical vessels precontracted with KCl (60 mmol). In the second series, these effects were studied in the presence of tetraethylammonium. RESULTS A mild contraction was produced by low dose propofol in both precontracted umbilical artery and umbilical vein segments. 10(-4) M propofol caused significant relaxation in both umbilical artery and umbilical vein. The relaxation response was significantly reduced by the addition of 10(-1) M tetraethylammonium. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the responses of propofol on KCl-induced contractions of both umbilical artery and vein were dose dependent, and this effect involved Ca2+ activated K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Caliskan
- Adana Teaching and Medical Research Center, Department of Anaesthesiology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
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Thorlacius K, Bodelsson M. Sevoflurane promotes endothelium-dependent smooth muscle relaxation in isolated human omental arteries and veins. Anesth Analg 2004; 99:423-8, table of contents. [PMID: 15271717 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000121771.78755.f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Anesthesia with sevoflurane is accompanied by vasodilatation. This could be due to the effects of sevoflurane on endothelium-dependent relaxation. We measured muscle tension of isolated human omental arteries and veins in response to substance P or glyceryl trinitrate in the presence of sevoflurane (0%, 1%, 2%, or 4%). Vascular levels of guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Substance P induced an endothelium- and concentration-dependent relaxation in omental vessels that was not affected by sevoflurane. In the presence of L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), KCl (prevention of hyperpolarization), or both, sevoflurane at 4% enhanced the relaxation in the arteries (P < 0.05). In the vein segments, the relaxation was enhanced by sevoflurane at 4% in the presence of KCl and 2% and 4% in the presence of both L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester and KCl (P < 0.05). The glyceryl trinitrate-induced endothelium-independent relaxation was enhanced by sevoflurane at 4% in both artery and vein segments (P < 0.05). Substance P increased the levels of guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate similarly in the presence and absence of sevoflurane. These results show that sevoflurane, in contrast to its effect in animal models, promotes endothelium-dependent relaxation in human omental arteries and veins via an enhancement of the smooth muscle response to relaxing second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Thorlacius
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Activation of the K+ channel BKCa is involved in the relaxing effect of propofol on coronary arteries. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00003643-200403000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ririe DG, Lundell JC, Neville MJ. Direct effects of propofol on myocardial and vascular tissue from mature and immature rats. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001; 15:745-9. [PMID: 11748525 DOI: 10.1053/jcan.2001.28321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of age on the direct myocardial and vascular effects of propofol in rats. DESIGN Randomized, prospective with repeated measures. SETTING University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Myocardial and aortic tissue from 12 immature (4-week-old) and 12 mature (16-week-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Change in force of contraction was measured in isolated myocardial strips or in isolated descending thoracic aorta rings during exposure to propofol or intralipid. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Propofol produced a dose-dependent decrease in vascular tone (p < 0.05). This effect was similar for intralipid. Propofol was more potent in the younger animals (EC(50), 5.3 microg/mL [confidence interval, 2.5 to 11.1] for 4-week-old and 26.6 microg/mL [confidence interval, 6.8 to 103.7] for 16-week-old rats; p < 0.05). In contrast, propofol produced a dose-dependent decrease in contractility (p = 0.001), whereas intralipid produced no decrease in contractility. CONCLUSIONS Although propofol does produce a dose-dependent decrease in contractility, this effect is similar at different ages. Propofol produces more direct vascular relaxation in the immature tissue. Propofol's direct cardiovascular effect and its indirect cardiovascular effects should be considered in the young and old, especially when cardiovascular reserve is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Ririe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009, USA.
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Effects of propofol on substance P-induced relaxation in isolated human omental arteries and veins. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00003643-200012000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sandström K, Wallerstedt SM, Tornebrandt K, Bodelsson M. Effects of propofol on desipramine-sensitive [3H]-noradrenaline uptake kinetics in rat femoral artery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000; 44:1011-6. [PMID: 10981582 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intravenous anaesthetic propofol inhibits the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline (uptake1) from the vascular sympathetic neuromuscular junction, resulting in an enhancement of the sympathetic neurotransmission. This could be important for maintenance of blood pressure during propofol anaesthesia. The aim of the present study was to determine how propofol influences the kinetics of uptake1. METHODS Isolated segments of rat femoral arteries were incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline in the presence or absence of propofol and the radioactivity taken up was measured in a scintillation counter. The uptake1 inhibitor, desipramine, was used to delineate the specific neuronal uptake. RESULTS Desipramine and 10 microM propofol significantly reduced the uptake in segments incubated with 0.1 microM [3H]-noradrenaline. Propofol at 1 microM and 100 microM did not affect the uptake. Non-linear regression analysis of specific uptake yielded Km 0.50 microM, Vmax 1.6 pmol mg(-1) 15 min(-1) and Hill coefficient 1.1. Propofol (1-10 microM) increased the Km value and propofol (10-100 microM) increased the Vmax value concentration-dependently, while the Hill coefficient was not affected. CONCLUSION Propofol seems to have a biphasic effect on the uptake of noradrenaline in the vascular sympathetic neuromuscular junction. At lower propofol concentrations there is a decrease in the affinity of the noradrenaline transporters. The resulting uptake inhibition is counteracted at higher propofol concentrations by an increase in the efficacy of the uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sandström
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Propofol and thiopental attenuate the contractile response to vasoconstrictors in human and porcine coronary artery segments. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00003643-200008000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wallerstedt SM, Bodelsson M. Differential effect of propofol on sympathetic neurotransmission in isolated human omental arteries and veins. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 125:120-6. [PMID: 9776351 PMCID: PMC1565585 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of propofol on sympathetic neurotransmission in isolated human omental vessels. 2. Segments of both arteries and veins were exposed to 0, 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5) or 10(-4)M propofol, and studied in vitro to determine effects on: (i) isometric tension after electrical field stimulation (EFS) or after exogenous administration of noradrenaline (NA); (ii) EFS-stimulated release of [3H]-NA from vessel segments preincubated with [3H]-NA; (iii) uptake of [3H]-NA. 3. Propofol at 10(-6) M enhanced EFS-induced contraction in artery segments, 10(-7) and 10(-5) M had no effect, and 10(-4) M propofol depressed EFS-induced contraction in both artery and vein segments. 4. Propofol did not affect the response to exogenous NA in artery and vein segments. 5. EFS-stimulated release of [3H]-NA was depressed by 10(-5) and 10(-4) M propofol in artery segments, and by 10(-4) M in vein segments. 6. Uptake of [3H]-NA was depressed by 10(-6)-10(-4) M propofol in artery but not in vein segments. 7. The results suggest that sympathetic neurotransmission is enhanced at clinical concentrations (10(-6) M) of propofol in human omental arteries, but not veins. This may be due to an increased availability of NA in the neuromuscular junction resulting from a reduced presynaptic reuptake. Propofol at probably supraclinical concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M) impairs the sympathetic neurotransmission in both human omental arteries and veins, probably due to an inhibitory effect on the NA release from the sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wallerstedt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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