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Valt C, Tavella A, Berchio C, Seebold D, Sportelli L, Rampino A, Salisbury DF, Bertolino A, Pergola G. MEG Microstates: An Investigation of Underlying Brain Sources and Potential Neurophysiological Processes. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:993-1009. [PMID: 39115626 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Microstates are transient scalp configurations of brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG). The application of microstate analysis in magnetoencephalography (MEG) data remains challenging. In one MEG dataset (N = 113), we aimed to identify MEG microstates at rest, explore their brain sources, and relate them to changes in brain activity during open-eyes (ROE) or closed-eyes resting state (RCE) and an auditory Mismatch Negativity (MMN) task. In another dataset of simultaneously recorded EEG-MEG data (N = 21), we investigated the association between MEG and EEG microstates. Six MEG microstates (mMS) provided the best clustering of resting-state activity, each linked to different brain sources: mMS 1-2: left/right occipito-parietal; mMS 3: fronto-temporal; mMS 4: centro-medial; mMS 5-6: left/right fronto-parietal. Increases in occipital alpha power in RCE relative to ROE correlated with greater mMS 1-2 time coverage (τbs < 0.20, ps > .002), while the lateralization of deviance detection in MMN was associated with mMS 5-6 time coverage (τbs < 0.16, ps > .012). No temporal correlation was found between EEG and MEG microstates (ps > .05), despite some overlap in brain sources and global explained variance between mMS 2-3 and EEG microstates B-C (rs > 0.60, ps < .002). Hence, the MEG signal can be decomposed into microstates, but mMS brain activity clustering captures phenomena different from EEG microstates. Source reconstruction and task-related modulations link mMS to large-scale networks and localized activities. Thus, mMSs offer insights into brain dynamics and task-specific processes, complementing EEG microstates in studying physiological and dysfunctional brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Valt
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelantonio Tavella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Berchio
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Dylan Seebold
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonardo Sportelli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Bari University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Bari University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Fehr T, Mehrens S, Haag MC, Amelung A, Gloy K. Changes in Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Default Network Oscillations between 19 and 29 Years of Age. Brain Sci 2024; 14:671. [PMID: 39061412 PMCID: PMC11274777 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploration of functional resting-state brain developmental parameters and measures can help to improve scientific, psychological, and medical applications. The present work focussed on both traditional approaches, such as topographical power analyses at the signal space level, and advanced approaches, such as the exploration of age-related dynamics of source space data. The results confirmed the expectation that the third life decade would show a kind of stability in oscillatory signal and source-space-related parameters. However, from a source dynamics perspective, different frequency ranges appear to develop quite differently, as reflected in age-related sequential network communication profiles. Among other discoveries, the left anterior cingulate source location could be shown to reduce bi-directional network communication in the lower alpha band, whereas it differentiated its uni- and bidirectional communication dynamics to sub-cortical and posterior brain locations. Higher alpha oscillations enhanced communication dynamics between the thalamus and particularly frontal areas. In conclusion, resting-state data appear to be, at least in part, functionally reorganized in the default mode network, while quantitative measures, such as topographical power and regional source activity, did not correlate with age in the third life decade. In line with other authors, we suggest the further development of a multi-perspective approach in biosignal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Fehr
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
- Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sophia Mehrens
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
| | | | - Anneke Amelung
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
| | - Kilian Gloy
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
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Caeira MW, Caboclo LO, Paola LD. An appraisal to Hans Berger by the time of his 150th birthday: the human EEG and tales of blood flow, heat and brain waves. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:1163-1168. [PMID: 38157882 PMCID: PMC10756801 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
More than 100 years of research have passed by and still the human electroencephalogram (EEG) remains a puzzle to be solved. Starting from his studies on plethysmography until his theories on brain thermodynamics, Hans Berger was able to refine his method of recording cortical signs with the apparatus at his disposal in an ordinary neuropsychiatric yard towards an early account of human EEG. This review is an appraisal of his contribution to the field of modern neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Wycliff Caeira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Serviço de Epilepsia, Curitiba PR, Brazil.
| | - Luis Otávio Caboclo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Departamento de Neurologia, Neurofisiologia Clínica, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciano de Paola
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Serviço de Epilepsia, Curitiba PR, Brazil.
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Van der Donck S, Hendriks M, Vos S, Op de Beeck H, Boets B. Neural sensitivity to facial identity and facial expression discrimination in adults with autism. Autism Res 2023; 16:2110-2124. [PMID: 37823568 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The fluent processing of faces can be challenging for autistic individuals. Here, we assessed the neural sensitivity to rapid changes in subtle facial cues in 23 autistic men and 23 age and IQ matched non-autistic (NA) controls using frequency-tagging electroencephalography (EEG). In oddball paradigms examining the automatic and implicit discrimination of facial identity and facial expression, base rate images were presented at 6 Hz, periodically interleaved every fifth image with an oddball image (i.e. 1.2 Hz oddball frequency). These distinctive frequency tags for base rate and oddball stimuli allowed direct and objective quantification of the neural discrimination responses. We found no large differences in the neural sensitivity of participants in both groups, not for facial identity discrimination, nor for facial expression discrimination. Both groups also showed a clear face-inversion effect, with reduced brain responses for inverted versus upright faces. Furthermore, sad faces generally elicited significantly lower neural amplitudes than angry, fearful and happy faces. The only minor group difference is the larger involvement of high-level right-hemisphere visual areas in NA men for facial expression processing. These findings are discussed from a developmental perspective, as they strikingly contrast with robust face processing deficits observed in autistic children using identical EEG paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Van der Donck
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Hendriks
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silke Vos
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Op de Beeck
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Arihara M, Enatsu R, Ochi S, Sasagawa A, Hirano T, Kuribara T, Yamada S, Kimura Y, Matsuhashi M, Mikuni N. Steady-State Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potential. J Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 40:301-309. [PMID: 34387274 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study evaluated the utility of the steady-state responses of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (SSCCEPs) and compared them with the responses of conventional CCEPs. METHODS Eleven patients with medically intractable focal epilepsy who underwent the implantation of subdural electrodes or stereoelectroencephalography were enrolled. Conventional CCEPs were obtained by averaging responses to alternating 1-Hz electrical stimuli, and 5-Hz stimuli were delivered for recording SSCCEPs. The distribution of SSCCEPs was assessed by a frequency analysis of fast Fourier transform and compared with conventional CCEPs. RESULTS Steady-state responses of cortico-cortical evoked potentials were successfully recorded in areas consistent with conventional CCEPs in all patients. However, SSCCEPs were more easily disturbed by the 5-Hz stimulation, and small responses had difficulty generating SSCCEPs. CONCLUSIONS Steady-state responses of cortico-cortical evoked potentials may be a useful alternative to conventional CCEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Arihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rei Enatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sasagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Shoto Yamada
- Division of Clinical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mikuni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ueno K, Ishii R, Ueda M, Yuri T, Shiroma C, Hata M, Naito Y. Frontal midline theta rhythm and gamma activity measured by sheet-type wearable EEG device. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1145282. [PMID: 36992791 PMCID: PMC10040672 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1145282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe current study measured the frontal midline theta rhythm (Fmθ), which appears in the frontal midline region during the attentional focus state, using the sheet-type wearable electroencephalograph (EEG) device HARU-1, and examined the modulation of frontal gamma band activity by cognitive tasks.MethodsWe measured the frontal EEG of 20 healthy subjects using HARU-1 for 2 min during the rest eyes-closed condition and simple mental calculation task condition, respectively. Statistical analyses were conducted using permutation testing based on t-test and cluster analysis to compare the results between the resting state and the task condition.ResultsTwelve of 20 subjects showed Fmθ during the task condition. The 12 subjects with Fmθ showed significantly higher activity of the theta and gamma bands, and significantly low activity of the alpha band during the task condition compared to the resting condition. In the eight subjects without Fmθ were significantly low activity of the alpha and beta bands and no significant activity in the theta and gamma band activity during the task condition compared to the resting condition.DiscussionThese results indicate that it is possible to measure Fmθ using HARU-1. A novel finding was the gamma band activity appearing with Fmθ in the left and right frontal forehead regions, suggesting that it reflects the function of the prefrontal cortex in working memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ueno
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Ishii
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryouhei Ishii,
| | - Masaya Ueda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Yuri
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - China Shiroma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hata
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Naito
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang B, Chen T, Hao X, Xin M, Liang J. Electroclinical characteristics of photosensitive epilepsy: A retrospective study of 31 Chinese children and literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:994817. [PMID: 36969295 PMCID: PMC10034115 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.994817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to better understand the clinical features of photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) in Chinese children. Methods Thirty-one children with PSE were screened out of 398 children with epilepsy who were consecutively diagnosed by the video-electroencephalogram (VEEG) monitoring method and by using an intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) test. Their EEGs and clinical features were retrospectively analyzed, and their treatment outcomes were followed up. Results PSE accounted for 7.79% (31/398) of children with epilepsy during the observation period in our single epilepsy center. The male to female ratio of PSE was 1:3.43, and the average seizure onset age was 7.8 ± 3.28 years. The highest range of frequency sensitivity of the IPS test for the induction of EEG epileptic discharge or electroclinical seizures was within 10-20 Hz. Electroclinical seizures were induced in 41.94% (13/31) of PSE patients by using the IPS test, while EEG discharge without clinical seizures was induced in 58.06% (18/31) of PSE patients. Among all PSE patients, an IPS-positive reaction in the eye-closure state was induced in 83.87% of patients, and this rate was significantly higher than that in the eye-opened state (41.94%) or eye-closed state (35.48%). (Eye-closure IPS stimulation means: make the subjects close their eyes at the beginning of each stimulation, open their eyes at the end of the stimulation, and close their eyes again at the beginning of the next stimulation, and so on. While Eye-closed IPS stimulation means the stimulation is started after 5 s of eye closure, and the subjects are kept closed throughout the whole process.) The common and effective drugs used for single or combined therapy in PSE children were valproic acid and levetiracetam. Conclusion This study provides some useful information about electroclinical characteristics in a cohort of 31 PSE children. It may be beneficial for pediatric neurologists in terms of paying more attention to PSE and correctly dealing with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun, China
| | - Jianmin Liang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun, China
- Correspondence: Jianmin Liang
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Parietal Alpha Oscillations: Cognitive Load and Mental Toughness. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091135. [PMID: 36138871 PMCID: PMC9496702 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive effort is intrinsically linked to task difficulty, intelligence, and mental toughness. Intelligence reflects an individual’s cognitive aptitude, whereas mental toughness (MT) reflects an individual’s resilience in pursuing success. Research shows that parietal alpha oscillations are associated with changes in task difficulty. Critically, it remains unclear whether parietal alpha oscillations are modulated by intelligence and MT as a personality trait. We examined event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) of alpha oscillations associated with encoding, retention, and recognition in the Sternberg task in relation to intelligence and mental toughness. Eighty participants completed the Sternberg task with 3, 4, 5 and 6 digits, Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test and an MT questionnaire. A positive dependence on difficulty was observed for all studied oscillatory effects (t = −8.497, p < 0.001; t = 2.806, p < 0.005; t = −2.103, p < 0.05). The influence of Raven intelligence was observed for encoding-related alpha ERD (t = −2.02, p = 0.049). The influence of MT was observed only for difficult conditions in recognition-related alpha ERD (t = −3.282, p < 0.005). Findings indicate that the modulation of alpha rhythm related to encoding, retention and recognition may be interpreted as correlates of cognitive effort modulation. Specifically, results suggest that effort related to encoding depends on intelligence, whereas recognition-related effort level depends on mental toughness.
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Tang X, Zhang X, Dong H, Zhao G. Electroencephalogram Features of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Patients: A Narrative Review of the Clinical Literature. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1073. [PMID: 36009136 PMCID: PMC9405602 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common postoperative complication, particularly in older patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, a non-invasive technique with a high spatial-temporal resolution, can accurately characterize the dynamic changes in brain function during the perioperative period. Current clinical studies have confirmed that the power density of alpha oscillation during general anesthesia decreased with age, which was considered to be associated with increased susceptibility to PND in the elderly. However, evidence on whether general anesthesia under EEG guidance results in a lower morbidity of PND is still contradictory. This is one of the reasons that common indicators of the depth of anesthesia were limitedly derived from EEG signals in the frontal lobe. The variation of multi-channel EEG features during the perioperative period has the potential to highlight the occult structural and functional abnormalities of the subcortical-cortical neurocircuit. Therefore, we present a review of the application of multi-channel EEG monitoring to predict the incidence of PND in older patients. The data confirmed that the abnormal variation in EEG power and functional connectivity between distant brain regions was closely related to the incidence and long-term poor outcomes of PND in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemiao Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guangchao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Young A, Robbins I, Shelat S. From Micro to Macro: The Combination of Consciousness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:755465. [PMID: 35432082 PMCID: PMC9008346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.755465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crick and Koch’s 1990 “neurobiological theory of consciousness” sparked the race for the physical correlates of subjective experience. 30 years later, cognitive sciences trend toward consideration of the brain’s electromagnetic field as the primary seat of consciousness, the “to be” of the individual. Recent advancements in laboratory tools have preceded an influx of studies reporting a synchronization between the neuronally generated EM fields of interacting individuals. An embodied and enactive neuroscientific approach has gained traction in the wake of these findings wherein consciousness and cognition are theorized to be regulated and distributed beyond the individual. We approach this frontier to extend the implications of person-to-person synchrony to propose a process of combination whereby coupled individual agents merge into a hierarchical cognitive system to which they are subsidiary. Such is to say, the complex mammalian consciousness humans possess may not be the tip of the iceberg, but another step in a succeeding staircase. To this end, the axioms and conjectures of General Resonance Theory are utilized to describe this phenomenon of interpersonal resonant combination. Our proposal describes a coupled system of spatially distributed EM fields that are synchronized through recurrent, entraining behavioral interactions. The system, having achieved sufficient synchronization, enjoys an optimization of information flow that alters the conscious states of its merging agents and enhances group performance capabilities. In the race for the neurobiological correlates of subjective experience, we attempt the first steps in the journey toward defining the physical basis of “group consciousness.” The establishment of a concrete account of the combination of consciousness at a scale superseding individual human consciousness remains speculation, but our suggested approach provides a framework for empirical testing of these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Young
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Isabella Robbins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Shivang Shelat
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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Cheron G, Ristori D, Petieau M, Simar C, Zarka D, Cebolla AM. Effects of Pulsed-Wave Chromotherapy and Guided Relaxation on the Theta-Alpha Oscillation During Arrest Reaction. Front Psychol 2022; 13:792872. [PMID: 35310269 PMCID: PMC8929400 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.792872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for the best wellness practice has promoted the development of devices integrating different technologies and guided meditation. However, the final effects on the electrical activity of the brain remain relatively sparse. Here, we have analyzed of the alpha and theta electroencephalographic oscillations during the realization of the arrest reaction (AR; eyes close/eyes open transition) when a chromotherapy session performed in a dedicated room [Rebalance (RB) device], with an ergonomic bed integrating pulsed-wave light (PWL) stimulation, guided breathing, and body scan exercises. We demonstrated that the PWL induced an evoked-related potential characterized by the N2-P3 components maximally recorded on the fronto-central areas and accompanied by an event-related synchronization (ERS) of the delta–theta–alpha oscillations. The power of the alpha and theta oscillations was analyzed during repeated ARs testing realized along with the whole RB session. We showed that the power of the alpha and theta oscillations was significantly increased during the session in comparison to their values recorded before. Of the 14 participants, 11 and 6 showed a significant power increase of the alpha and theta oscillations, respectively. These increased powers were not observed in two different control groups (n = 28) who stayed passively outside or inside the RB room but without any type of stimulation. These preliminary results suggest that PWL chromotherapy and guided relaxation induce measurable electrical brain changes that could be beneficial under neuropsychiatric perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Dominique Ristori
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Simar
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Computer Science Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Zarka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana-Maria Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Two-Channel Portable Biopotential Recording System Can Detect REM Sleep Behavioral Disorder: Validation Study with a Comparison of Polysomnography. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:1888682. [PMID: 35251588 PMCID: PMC8894016 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1888682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Sleep disorders are frequent nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Polysomnography (PSG) has been the gold standard for its assessment. However, it requires patients to stay overnight in a hospital or sleep center. The mobile two-channel electroencephalography (EEG)/electrooculography (EOG) recording system is a self-applicable and affordable method to objectively assess sleep at home. We aimed at evaluating patients with PD to confirm the difference in sleep parameters between the portable recording system and PSG. Methods PSG and the portable recording system were simultaneously performed on a similar night in eight patients with PD. We compared the difference in sleep parameters between them using nonparametric tests. Results All patients displayed a score of both PDSS −2 ≥ 15 and PSQI ≥ 5, respectively, which revealed poor sleep quality. There was no difference in the sleep parameters between the portable recording system and PSG, except for the percentage of sleep stage N3. Regarding the detection of REM sleep without atonia, we observed accordance between the portable recording system and PSG in six patients (P=0.686). Conclusions The portable EEG/EOG recording system may gain an advantage from home-based evaluations for habitual sleep at home. Our study on device validation may contribute to measuring natural sleep, including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavioral disorder (RBD), in an outpatient care setting.
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13
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Young A, Hunt T, Ericson M. The Slowest Shared Resonance: A Review of Electromagnetic Field Oscillations Between Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:796455. [PMID: 35250508 PMCID: PMC8888685 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.796455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic field oscillations produced by the brain are increasingly being viewed as causal drivers of consciousness. Recent research has highlighted the importance of the body's various endogenous rhythms in organizing these brain-generated fields through various types of entrainment. We expand this approach by examining evidence of extracerebral shared oscillations between the brain and other parts of the body, in both humans and animals. We then examine the degree to which these data support one of General Resonance Theory's (GRT) principles: the Slowest Shared Resonance (SSR) principle, which states that the combination of micro- to macro-consciousness in coupled field systems is a function of the slowest common denominator frequency or resonance. This principle may be utilized to develop a spatiotemporal hierarchy of brain-body shared resonance systems. It is predicted that a system's SSR decreases with distance between the brain and various resonating structures in the body. The various resonance relationships examined, including between the brain and gastric neurons, brain and sensory organs, and brain and spinal cord, generally match the predicted SSR relationships, empirically supporting this principle of GRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Young
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tam Hunt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Marissa Ericson
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Van der Donck S, Moerkerke M, Dlhosova T, Vettori S, Dzhelyova M, Alaerts K, Boets B. Monitoring the effect of oxytocin on the neural sensitivity to emotional faces via frequency-tagging EEG: A double-blind, cross-over study. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14026. [PMID: 35150446 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is suggested to exert an important role in human social behaviors by modulating the salience of social cues. To date, however, there is mixed evidence whether a single dose of OXT can improve the behavioral and neural sensitivity for emotional face processing. To overcome difficulties encountered with classic event-related potential studies assessing stimulus-saliency, we applied frequency-tagging EEG to implicitly assess the effect of a single dose of OXT (24 IU) on the neural sensitivity for positive and negative facial emotions. Neutral faces with different identities were presented at 6 Hz, periodically interleaved with an expressive face (angry, fearful, and happy, in separate sequences) every fifth image (i.e., 1.2 Hz oddball frequency). These distinctive frequency tags for neutral and expressive stimuli allowed direct and objective quantification of the neural expression-categorization responses. The study involved a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with 31 healthy adult men. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find an effect of OXT on facial emotion processing, neither at the neural, nor at the behavioral level. A single dose of OXT did not evoke social enhancement in general, nor did it affect social approach-avoidance tendencies. Possibly ceiling performances in facial emotion processing might have hampered further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Van der Donck
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Moerkerke
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tereza Dlhosova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sofie Vettori
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Milena Dzhelyova
- Institute of Research in Psychological Sciences, Université de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kaat Alaerts
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Jashek-Ahmed F, Cabrilo I, Bal J, Sanders B, Grieve J, Dorward NL, Marcus HJ. Intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potentials in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:287. [PMID: 34301198 PMCID: PMC8299587 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transsphenoidal surgery is the gold standard for pituitary adenoma resection. Although rare, a serious complication of surgery is worsened vision post-operatively. OBJECTIVE To determine whether, in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma, intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a safe, reproducible, and effective technological adjunct in predicting postoperative visual function. METHODS The PubMed and OVID platforms were searched between January 1993 and December 2020 to identify publications that (1) featured patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma, (2) used intraoperative optic nerve monitoring with VEP and (3) reported on safety or effectiveness. Reference lists were cross-checked and expert opinion sought to identify further publications. RESULTS Eleven studies were included comprising ten case series and one prospective cohort study. All employed techniques to improve reliability. No safety issues were reported. The only comparative study included described a statistically significant improvement in post-operative visual field testing when VEP monitoring was used. The remaining case-series varied in conclusion. In nine studies, surgical manipulation was halted in the event of a VEP amplitude decrease suggesting a widespread consensus that this is a warning sign of injury to the anterior optic apparatus. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited and low-quality published evidence regarding intra-operative VEP monitoring, our review suggests that it is a safe, reproducible, and increasingly effective technique of predicting postoperative visual deficits. Further studies specific to transsphenoidal surgery are required to determine its utility in protecting visual function in the resection of complex pituitary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farizeh Jashek-Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | - Ivan Cabrilo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jarnail Bal
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Brett Sanders
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Joan Grieve
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Neil L Dorward
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hani J Marcus
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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16
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Puxeddu MG, Petti M, Astolfi L. A Comprehensive Analysis of Multilayer Community Detection Algorithms for Application to EEG-Based Brain Networks. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:624183. [PMID: 33732115 PMCID: PMC7956967 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.624183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modular organization is an emergent property of brain networks, responsible for shaping communication processes and underpinning brain functioning. Moreover, brain networks are intrinsically multilayer since their attributes can vary across time, subjects, frequency, or other domains. Identifying the modular structure in multilayer brain networks represents a gateway toward a deeper understanding of neural processes underlying cognition. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, thanks to their high temporal resolution, can give rise to multilayer networks able to follow the dynamics of brain activity. Despite this potential, the community organization has not yet been thoroughly investigated in brain networks estimated from EEG. Furthermore, at the state of the art, there is still no agreement about which algorithm is the most suitable to detect communities in multilayer brain networks, and a way to test and compare them all under a variety of conditions is lacking. In this work, we perform a comprehensive analysis of three algorithms at the state of the art for multilayer community detection (namely, genLouvain, DynMoga, and FacetNet) as compared with an approach based on the application of a single-layer clustering algorithm to each slice of the multilayer network. We test their ability to identify both steady and dynamic modular structures. We statistically evaluate their performances by means of ad hoc benchmark graphs characterized by properties covering a broad range of conditions in terms of graph density, number of clusters, noise level, and number of layers. The results of this simulation study aim to provide guidelines about the choice of the more appropriate algorithm according to the different properties of the brain network under examination. Finally, as a proof of concept, we show an application of the algorithms to real functional brain networks derived from EEG signals collected at rest with closed and open eyes. The test on real data provided results in agreement with the conclusions of the simulation study and confirmed the feasibility of multilayer analysis of EEG-based brain networks in both steady and dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Puxeddu
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Petti
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Astolfi
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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17
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Griffiths JD, McIntosh AR, Lefebvre J. A Connectome-Based, Corticothalamic Model of State- and Stimulation-Dependent Modulation of Rhythmic Neural Activity and Connectivity. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 14:575143. [PMID: 33408622 PMCID: PMC7779529 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2020.575143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic activity in the brain fluctuates with behaviour and cognitive state, through a combination of coexisting and interacting frequencies. At large spatial scales such as those studied in human M/EEG, measured oscillatory dynamics are believed to arise primarily from a combination of cortical (intracolumnar) and corticothalamic rhythmogenic mechanisms. Whilst considerable progress has been made in characterizing these two types of neural circuit separately, relatively little work has been done that attempts to unify them into a single consistent picture. This is the aim of the present paper. We present and examine a whole-brain, connectome-based neural mass model with detailed long-range cortico-cortical connectivity and strong, recurrent corticothalamic circuitry. This system reproduces a variety of known features of human M/EEG recordings, including spectral peaks at canonical frequencies, and functional connectivity structure that is shaped by the underlying anatomical connectivity. Importantly, our model is able to capture state- (e.g., idling/active) dependent fluctuations in oscillatory activity and the coexistence of multiple oscillatory phenomena, as well as frequency-specific modulation of functional connectivity. We find that increasing the level of sensory drive to the thalamus triggers a suppression of the dominant low frequency rhythms generated by corticothalamic loops, and subsequent disinhibition of higher frequency endogenous rhythmic behaviour of intracolumnar microcircuits. These combine to yield simultaneous decreases in lower frequency and increases in higher frequency components of the M/EEG power spectrum during states of high sensory or cognitive drive. Building on this, we also explored the effect of pulsatile brain stimulation on ongoing oscillatory activity, and evaluated the impact of coexistent frequencies and state-dependent fluctuations on the response of cortical networks. Our results provide new insight into the role played by cortical and corticothalamic circuits in shaping intrinsic brain rhythms, and suggest new directions for brain stimulation therapies aimed at state-and frequency-specific control of oscillatory brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Griffiths
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Randal McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremie Lefebvre
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Zhao J, Song J, Li X, Kang J. A study on EEG feature extraction and classification in autistic children based on singular spectrum analysis method. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01721. [PMID: 33125837 PMCID: PMC7749618 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical diagnosis of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) depends on rating scale evaluation, which introduces subjectivity. Thus, objective indicators of ASD are of great interest to clinicians. In this study, we sought biomarkers from resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) data that could be used to accurately distinguish children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children. METHODS We recorded resting-state EEG from 46 children with ASD and 63 age-matched TD children aged 3 to 5 years. We applied singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to the EEG sequences to eliminate noise components and accurately extract the alpha rhythm. RESULTS When we used individualized alpha peak frequency (iAPF) and individualized alpha absolute power (iABP) as features for a linear support vector machine, ASD versus TD classification accuracy was 92.7%. CONCLUSION This study suggested that our methods have potential to assist in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Institute of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Machine Vision Technology Creation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Institute of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Machine Vision Technology Creation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Kang
- Institute of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Machine Vision Technology Creation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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19
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Popov T, Szyszka P. Alpha oscillations govern interhemispheric spike timing coordination in the honey bee brain. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200115. [PMID: 32097593 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1929 Hans Berger discovered the alpha oscillations: prominent, ongoing oscillations around 10 Hz in the electroencephalogram of the human brain. These alpha oscillations are among the most widely studied brain signals, related to cognitive phenomena such as attention, memory and consciousness. However, the mechanisms by which alpha oscillations affect human cognition await demonstration. Here, we suggest the honey bee brain as an experimentally more accessible model system for investigating the functional role of alpha oscillations. We found a prominent spontaneous oscillation around 18 Hz that is reduced in amplitude upon olfactory stimulation. Similar to alpha oscillations in primates, the phase of this oscillation biased both timing of neuronal spikes and amplitude of high-frequency gamma activity (40-450 Hz). These results suggest a common role of alpha oscillations across phyla and provide an unprecedented new venue for causal studies on the relationship between neuronal spikes, brain oscillations and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvetan Popov
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul Szyszka
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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20
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Tassinari CA. An electroencephalographer recalls the history of the Federation on the 70th anniversary of its journal, Clinical Neurophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:2258-2263. [PMID: 31761715 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Tassinari
- Università degli Studi di Bologna, Italy; Centro Ricerca per le Epilessie in età Pediatrica (CREP), Verona, Italy.
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21
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Lateralized Suppression of Alpha-Band EEG Activity As a Mechanism of Target Processing. J Neurosci 2018; 39:900-917. [PMID: 30523067 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0183-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-band (8-12 Hz) EEG activity has been linked to visual attention since the earliest EEG studies. More recent studies using spatial cuing paradigms have shown that alpha is suppressed over the hemisphere contralateral to a to-be-attended location, suggesting that alpha serves as a mechanism of preparatory attention. Here, we demonstrate that alpha also plays a role in active target processing. EEG activity was recorded from a group of healthy male and female human subjects in two visual search experiments. In addition to alpha activity, we also assessed the N2pc event-related potential component, a lateralized transient EEG response that has been tightly linked with the focusing of attention on visual targets. We found that the visual search targets triggered both an N2pc component and a suppression of alpha-band activity that was greatest over the hemisphere contralateral to the target (which we call "target-elicited lateralized alpha suppression" or TELAS). In Experiment 1, both N2pc and TELAS were observed for targets presented in the lower visual field but were absent for upper-field targets. However, these two lateralized effects had different time courses and they responded differently to manipulations of crowding in Experiment 2. These results indicate that lateralized alpha-band activity is involved in active target processing and is not solely a preparatory mechanism and also that TELAS and N2pc reflect a related but separable neural mechanism of visuospatial attention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The very first EEG studies demonstrated that alpha-band (8-12 Hz) EEG oscillations are suppressed when people attend to visual information and more recent research has shown that cuing an individual to expect a target at a specific location produces lateralized suppression in the contralateral hemisphere. Therefore, lateralized alpha may serve as a preparatory mechanism. In the present study, we found that a similar lateralized alpha effect is triggered by the appearance of a visual target even though the location could not be anticipated, demonstrating that alpha also serves as an active mechanism of target processing. Moreover, we found that alpha lateralization can be dissociated from other lateralized measures of target selection, indicating that it reflects a distinct mechanism of attention.
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22
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Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Rossini PM. Brain electroencephalographic segregation as a biomarker of learning. Neural Netw 2018; 106:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rimbert S, Al-Chwa R, Zaepffel M, Bougrain L. Electroencephalographic modulations during an open- or closed-eyes motor task. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4492. [PMID: 29576963 PMCID: PMC5857351 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is fundamental knowledge that during the resting state cerebral activity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) is strongly modulated by the eyes-closed condition compared to the eyes-open condition, especially in the occipital lobe. However, little research has demonstrated the influence of the eyes-closed condition on the motor cortex, particularly during a self-paced movement. This prompted the question: How does the motor cortex activity change between the eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions? To answer this question, we recorded EEG signals from 15 voluntary healthy subjects who performed a simple motor task (i.e., a voluntary isometric flexion of the right-hand index) under two conditions: eyes-closed and eyes-open. Our results confirmed strong modulation in the mu rhythm (7-13 Hz) with a large event-related desynchronisation. However, no significant differences have been observed in the beta band (15-30 Hz). Furthermore, evidence suggests that the eyes-closed condition influences the behaviour of subjects. This study gives us greater insight into the motor cortex and could also be useful in the brain-computer interface (BCI) domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rimbert
- Neurosys team, Inria, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
- Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems, Université de Lorraine, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Neurosys team, CNRS, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Rahaf Al-Chwa
- Neurosys team, Inria, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
- Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems, Université de Lorraine, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Laurent Bougrain
- Neurosys team, Inria, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
- Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems, Université de Lorraine, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Neurosys team, CNRS, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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24
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de Graaf T, Duecker F, Stankevich Y, ten Oever S, Sack A. Seeing in the dark: Phosphene thresholds with eyes open versus closed in the absence of visual inputs. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:828-835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Borghini G, Aricò P, Di Flumeri G, Cartocci G, Colosimo A, Bonelli S, Golfetti A, Imbert JP, Granger G, Benhacene R, Pozzi S, Babiloni F. EEG-Based Cognitive Control Behaviour Assessment: an Ecological study with Professional Air Traffic Controllers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:547. [PMID: 28373684 PMCID: PMC5428823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several models defining different types of cognitive human behaviour are available. For this work, we have selected the Skill, Rule and Knowledge (SRK) model proposed by Rasmussen in 1983. This model is currently broadly used in safety critical domains, such as the aviation. Nowadays, there are no tools able to assess at which level of cognitive control the operator is dealing with the considered task, that is if he/she is performing the task as an automated routine (skill level), as procedures-based activity (rule level), or as a problem-solving process (knowledge level). Several studies tried to model the SRK behaviours from a Human Factor perspective. Despite such studies, there are no evidences in which such behaviours have been evaluated from a neurophysiological point of view, for example, by considering brain activity variations across the different SRK levels. Therefore, the proposed study aimed to investigate the use of neurophysiological signals to assess the cognitive control behaviours accordingly to the SRK taxonomy. The results of the study, performed on 37 professional Air Traffic Controllers, demonstrated that specific brain features could characterize and discriminate the different SRK levels, therefore enabling an objective assessment of the degree of cognitive control behaviours in realistic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Borghini
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- BrainSigns srl, via Sesto Celere, 00152, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neuroelectrical Imaging and BCI Lab, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pietro Aricò
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns srl, via Sesto Celere, 00152, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neuroelectrical Imaging and BCI Lab, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Flumeri
- BrainSigns srl, via Sesto Celere, 00152, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neuroelectrical Imaging and BCI Lab, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cartocci
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns srl, via Sesto Celere, 00152, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Colosimo
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jean Paul Imbert
- École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile, 7 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraud Granger
- École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile, 7 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Railane Benhacene
- École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile, 7 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Simone Pozzi
- DeepBlue srl, Piazza Buenos Aires 20, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns srl, via Sesto Celere, 00152, Rome, Italy
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The Neural Correlates of Chronic Symptoms of Vertigo Proneness in Humans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152309. [PMID: 27089185 PMCID: PMC4835222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular signals are of significant importance for variable functions including gaze stabilization, spatial perception, navigation, cognition, and bodily self-consciousness. The vestibular network governs functions that might be impaired in patients affected with vestibular dysfunction. It is currently unclear how different brain regions/networks process vestibular information and integrate the information into a unified spatial percept related to somatosensory awareness and whether people with recurrent balance complaints have a neural signature as a trait affecting their development of chronic symptoms of vertigo. Pivotal evidence points to a vestibular-related brain network in humans that is widely distributed in nature. By using resting state source localized electroencephalography in non-vertiginous state, electrophysiological changes in activity and functional connectivity of 23 patients with balance complaints where chronic symptoms of vertigo and dizziness are among the most common reported complaints are analyzed and compared to healthy subjects. The analyses showed increased alpha2 activity within the posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneues/cuneus and reduced beta3 and gamma activity within the pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex for the subjects with balance complaints. These electrophysiological variations were correlated with reported chronic symptoms of vertigo intensity. A region of interest analysis found reduced functional connectivity for gamma activity within the vestibular cortex, precuneus, frontal eye field, intra-parietal sulcus, orbitofrontal cortex, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, there was a positive correlation between chronic symptoms of vertigo intensity and increased alpha-gamma nesting in the left frontal eye field. When compared to healthy subjects, there is evidence of electrophysiological changes in the brain of patients with balance complaints even outside chronic symptoms of vertigo episodes. This suggests that these patients have a neural signature or trait that makes them prone to developing chronic balance problems.
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Kim S, Kim S, Khalid A, Jeong Y, Jeong B, Lee ST, Jung KH, Chu K, Lee SK, Jeon D. Rhythmical Photic Stimulation at Alpha Frequencies Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in a Mouse Model of Depression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145374. [PMID: 26727023 PMCID: PMC4699699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for depression consist primarily of pharmacological agents, including antidepressants, and/or psychiatric counseling, such as psychotherapy. However, light therapy has recently begun to be considered as an effective tool for the treatment of the neuropsychiatric behaviors and symptoms of a variety of brain disorders or diseases, including depression. One methodology employed in light therapy involves flickering photic stimulation within a specific frequency range. The present study investigated whether flickering and flashing photic stimulation with light emitting diodes (LEDs) could improve depression-like behaviors in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced mouse model of depression. Additionally, the effects of the flickering and flashing lights on depressive behavior were compared with those of fluoxetine. Rhythmical flickering photic stimulation at alpha frequencies from 9–11 Hz clearly improved performance on behavioral tasks assessing anxiety, locomotor activity, social interaction, and despair. In contrast, fluoxetine treatment did not strongly improve behavioral performance during the same period compared with flickering photic stimulation. The present findings demonstrated that LED-derived flickering photic stimulation more rapidly improved behavioral outcomes in a CORT-induced mouse model of depression compared with fluoxetine. Thus, the present study suggests that rhythmical photic stimulation at alpha frequencies may aid in the improvement of the quality of life of patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinheun Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arshi Khalid
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DJ); (KC); (SKL)
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DJ); (KC); (SKL)
| | - Daejong Jeon
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DJ); (KC); (SKL)
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