1
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Scheffer IE, Zuberi S, Mefford HC, Guerrini R, McTague A. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:61. [PMID: 39237642 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, the most severe group of epilepsies, are characterized by seizures and frequent epileptiform activity associated with developmental slowing or regression. Onset typically occurs in infancy or childhood and includes many well-defined epilepsy syndromes. Patients have wide-ranging comorbidities including intellectual disability, psychiatric features, such as autism spectrum disorder and behavioural problems, movement and musculoskeletal disorders, gastrointestinal and sleep problems, together with an increased mortality rate. Problems change with age and patients require substantial support throughout life, placing a high psychosocial burden on parents, carers and the community. In many patients, the aetiology can be identified, and a genetic cause is found in >50% of patients using next-generation sequencing technologies. More than 900 genes have been identified as monogenic causes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and many cell components and processes have been implicated in their pathophysiology, including ion channels and transporters, synaptic proteins, cell signalling and metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Polygenic risk score analyses have shown that common variants also contribute to phenotypic variability. Holistic management, which encompasses antiseizure therapies and care for multimorbidities, is determined both by epilepsy syndrome and aetiology. Identification of the underlying aetiology enables the development of precision medicines to improve the long-term outcome of patients with these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
- Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sameer Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Center for Paediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amy McTague
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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2
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Barbour K, Tian N, Yozawitz EG, Wolf S, McGoldrick PE, Sands TT, Nelson A, Basma N, Grinspan ZM. Population-based study of rare epilepsy incidence in a US urban population. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2341-2353. [PMID: 38795333 PMCID: PMC11315636 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to estimate incidence of rare epilepsies and compare with literature. METHODS We used electronic health record text search to identify children with 28 rare epilepsies in New York City (2010-2014). We estimated cumulative incidence and compared with literature. RESULTS Eight of 28 rare epilepsies had five or more prior estimates, and our measurements were within the published range for all. The most common were infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (1 in 2920 live births), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (1 in 9690), and seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (1 in 14 300). Fifteen of 28 had fewer than five prior estimates, and of these, we provided additional estimates for early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (1 in 32 700), epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures (1 in 34 100), Sturge-Weber syndrome plus seizures/epilepsy (1 in 40 900), epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures (1 in 54 500), Aicardi syndrome plus seizures/epilepsy (1 in 71 600), hypothalamic hamartoma with seizures (1 in 225 000), and Rasmussen syndrome (1 in 450 000). Five of 28 rare epilepsies had no prior estimates, and of these, we provided a new estimate for developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep and/or continuous spikes and waves during sleep (1 in 34 100). Data were limited for the remaining 12 rare epilepsies, which were all genetic epilepsies, including PCDH19, CDKL5, Alpers disease, SCN8A, KCNQ2, SCN2A, GLUT1 deficiency, Phelan-McDermid syndrome, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers, dup15q syndrome, ring chromosome 14, and ring chromosome 20. SIGNIFICANCE We estimated the incidence of rare epilepsies using population-based electronic health record data and literature review. More research is needed to better estimate the incidence of genetic epilepsies with nonspecific clinical features. Electronic health records may be a valuable data source for studying rare epilepsies and other rare diseases, particularly as genetic testing becomes more widely adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Barbour
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Niu Tian
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elissa G Yozawitz
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Steven Wolf
- Boston Children's Health Physicians, Hawthorne, New York, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Patricia E McGoldrick
- Boston Children's Health Physicians, Hawthorne, New York, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Tristan T Sands
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Nelson
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Wu J, El-Hassar L, Datta D, Thomas M, Zhang Y, Jenkins DP, DeLuca NJ, Chatterjee M, Gribkoff VK, Arnsten AFT, Kaczmarek LK. Interaction Between HCN and Slack Channels Regulates mPFC Pyramidal Cell Excitability in Working Memory Circuits. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2430-2445. [PMID: 37889366 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability of monkeys and rats to carry out spatial working memory tasks has been shown to depend on the persistent firing of pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), arising from recurrent excitatory connections on dendritic spines. These spines express hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels whose open state is increased by cAMP signaling, and which markedly alter PFC network connectivity and neuronal firing. In traditional neural circuits, activation of these non-selective cation channels leads to neuronal depolarization and increased firing rate. Paradoxically, cAMP activation of HCN channels in PFC pyramidal cells reduces working memory-related neuronal firing. This suggests that activation of HCN channels may hyperpolarize rather than depolarize these neurons. The current study tested the hypothesis that Na+ influx through HCN channels activates Slack Na+-activated K+ (KNa) channels to hyperpolarize the membrane. We have found that HCN and Slack KNa channels co-immunoprecipitate in cortical extracts and that, by immunoelectron microscopy, they colocalize at postsynaptic spines of PFC pyramidal neurons. A specific blocker of HCN channels, ZD7288, reduces KNa current in pyramidal cells that express both HCN and Slack channels, but has no effect on KNa currents in an HEK cell line expressing Slack without HCN channels, indicating that blockade of HCN channels in neurons reduces K+ current indirectly by lowering Na+ influx. Activation of HCN channels by cAMP in a cell line expressing a Ca2+ reporter results in elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+, but the effect of cAMP is reversed if the HCN channels are co-expressed with Slack channels. Finally, we used a novel pharmacological blocker of Slack channels to show that inhibition of Slack in rat PFC improves working memory performance, an effect previously demonstrated for blockers of HCN channels. Our results suggest that the regulation of working memory by HCN channels in PFC pyramidal neurons is mediated by an HCN-Slack channel complex that links activation HCN channels to suppression of neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Lynda El-Hassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Merrilee Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - David P Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nicholas J DeLuca
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Manavi Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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4
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Zhang J, Liu S, Fan J, Yan R, Huang B, Zhou F, Yuan T, Gong J, Huang Z, Jiang D. Structural basis of human Slo2.2 channel gating and modulation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112858. [PMID: 37494189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium-activated Slo2.2 channel is abundantly expressed in the brain, playing a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability. The Na+-binding site and the underlying mechanisms of Na+-dependent activation remain unclear. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human Slo2.2 in closed, open, and inhibitor-bound form at resolutions of 2.6-3.2 Å, revealing gating mechanisms of Slo2.2 regulation by cations and a potent inhibitor. The cytoplasmic gating ring domain of the closed Slo2.2 harbors multiple K+ and Zn2+ sites, which stabilize the channel in the closed conformation. The open Slo2.2 structure reveals at least two Na+-sensitive sites where Na+ binding induces expansion and rotation of the gating ring that opens the inner gate. Furthermore, a potent inhibitor wedges into a pocket formed by pore helix and S6 helix and blocks the pore. Together, our results provide a comprehensive structural framework for the investigation of Slo2.2 channel gating, Na+ sensation, and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junping Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Bagnall RD, Perucca P. ILAE Genetic Literacy Series: Postmortem Genetic Testing in Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2023; 25:472-479. [PMID: 37340991 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
A 24-year-old man with non-lesional bitemporal lobe epilepsy since age 16 years was found dead in bed around midday. He was last seen the previous night when he was witnessed to have a tonic-clonic seizure. Before his death, he was experiencing weekly focal impaired awareness seizures and up to two focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures each year. He had trialed several antiseizure medications and was on levetiracetam 1500 mg/day, lamotrigine 400 mg/day, and clobazam 10 mg/day at the time of death. Other than epilepsy, his medical history was unremarkable. Of note, he had an older brother with a history of febrile seizures and a paternal first cousin with epilepsy. No cause of death was identified following a comprehensive postmortem investigation. The coroner classified the death as "sudden unexpected death in epilepsy" (SUDEP), and it would qualify as "definite SUDEP" using the current definitions.1 This left the family with many questions unanswered; in particular, they wish to know what caused the death and whether it could happen to other family members. Could postmortem genetic testing identify a cause of death, provide closure to the family, and facilitate cascade genetic testing of first-degree family members who may be at risk of sudden death? While grieving family members struggle with uncertainty about the cause of death, we as clinicians also face similar uncertainties about genetic contributions to SUDEP, especially when the literature is sparse, and the utility of genetic testing is still being worked out. We aim to shed some light on this topic, highlighting areas where data is emerging but also areas where uncertainty remains, keeping our case in mind as we examine this clinically important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Bagnall
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Piero Perucca
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Epilepsy Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Wu J, El-Hassar L, Datta D, Thomas M, Zhang Y, Jenkins DP, DeLuca NJ, Chatterjee M, Gribkoff VK, Arnsten AFT, Kaczmarek LK. Interaction Between HCN and Slack Channels Regulates mPFC Pyramidal Cell Excitability and Working Memory. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2870277. [PMID: 37205397 PMCID: PMC10187370 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2870277/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of monkeys and rats to carry out spatial working memory tasks has been shown to depend on the persistent firing of pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), arising from recurrent excitatory connections on dendritic spines. These spines express hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels whose open state is increased by cAMP signaling, and which markedly alter PFC network connectivity and neuronal firing. In traditional neural circuits, activation of these non-selective cation channels leads to neuronal depolarization and increased firing rate. Paradoxically, cAMP activation of HCN channels in PFC pyramidal cells reduces working memory-related neuronal firing. This suggests that activation of HCN channels may hyperpolarize rather than depolarize these neurons. The current study tested the hypothesis that Na+ influx through HCN channels activates Slack Na+-activated K+ (KNa) channels to hyperpolarize the membrane. We have found that HCN and Slack KNa channels coimmunoprecipitate in cortical extracts and that, by immunoelectron microscopy, they colocalize at postsynaptic spines of PFC pyramidal neurons. A specific blocker of HCN channels, ZD7288, reduces KNa current in pyramidal cells that express both HCN and Slack channels, but has no effect on KNa currents in an HEK cell line expressing Slack without HCN channels, indicating that blockade of HCN channels in neurons reduces K+ +current indirectly by lowering Na+ influx. Activation of HCN channels by cAMP in a cell line expressing a Ca2+ reporter results in elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+, but the effect of cAMP is reversed if the HCN channels are co-expressed with Slack channels. Finally, we used a novel pharmacological blocker of Slack channels to show that inhibition of Slack in rat PFC improves working memory performance, an effect previously demonstrated for blockers of HCN channels. Our results suggest that the regulation of working memory by HCN channels in PFC pyramidal neurons is mediated by an HCN-Slack channel complex that links activation HCN channels to suppression of neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Yale University School of Medicine
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7
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Potassium channelopathies associated with epilepsy-related syndromes and directions for therapeutic intervention. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115413. [PMID: 36646291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of mutations to members of several CNS potassium (K) channel families have been identified which result in rare forms of neonatal onset epilepsy, or syndromes of which one prominent characteristic is a form of epilepsy. Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions or Seizures (BFNC or BFNS), also referred to as Self-Limited Familial Neonatal Epilepsy (SeLNE), results from mutations in 2 members of the KV7 family (KCNQ) of K channels; while generally self-resolving by about 15 weeks of age, these mutations significantly increase the probability of generalized seizure disorders in the adult, in some cases they result in more severe developmental syndromes. Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMSF), or Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy (MMPSI), is a rare severe form of epilepsy linked primarily to gain of function mutations in a member of the sodium-dependent K channel family, KCNT1 or SLACK. Finally, KCNMA1 channelopathies, including Liang-Wang syndrome (LIWAS), are rare combinations of neurological symptoms including seizure, movement abnormalities, delayed development and intellectual disabilities, with Liang-Wang syndrome an extremely serious polymalformative syndrome with a number of neurological sequelae including epilepsy. These are caused by mutations in the pore-forming subunit of the large-conductance calcium-activated K channel (BK channel) KCNMA1. The identification of these rare but significant channelopathies has resulted in a resurgence of interest in their treatment by direct pharmacological or genetic modulation. We will briefly review the genetics, biophysics and pharmacology of these K channels, their linkage with the 3 syndromes described above, and efforts to more effectively target these syndromes.
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8
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Song TJ, Ke J, Chen F, Zhang JY, Zhang C, Chen HY. Effect of SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 Axis on Acute Pancreatitis through Inhibiting p38MAPK Pathway. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010065. [PMID: 36611865 PMCID: PMC9818913 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. A growing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in AP progression. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 11(SNHG11) and its underlying molecular mechanisms behind AP progression. The in vivo and in vitro AP cell models were established by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate and caerulein stimulation into AR42J cells and HPDE6-C7 cells, respectively. A bioinformatics website predicted the relationship between SNHG11, miR-7-5p, and Phospholipase C Beta 1(PLCB1) and validated it with a dual-luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. AR42J cells and HPDE6-C7 cells were transfected with an overexpression of plasmids or shRNA to investigate the effects of the SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 axis on cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and acute pancreatitis. Low expression of SNHG11 and PLCB1 and high expression of miR-7-5p were observed in AP pancreatic tissue and AP cell models. SNHG11 overexpression inhibited apoptosis and inflammatory responses induced by caerulein. Simultaneously, we discovered that SNHG11 regulates PLCB1 expression by sponging miR-7-5p. PLCB1 overexpression abrogated inflammatory damage exacerbated by miR-7-5p enrichment. In addition, the SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 axis could be involved in caerulein-induced inflammatory injury by participating in the p38MAPK signaling pathway. The overexpressed SNHG11/miR-7-5p/PLCB1 axis can inhibit AP progression by participating in the p38MAPK signaling pathway, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target and therapeutic direction for AP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Song
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiu-Yun Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mindong Hospital, Ningde, Fujian Medical University, No. 89, Heshan Road, Fuan 355000, China
| | - Hong-Yi Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
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9
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Burbano LE, Li M, Jancovski N, Jafar-Nejad P, Richards K, Sedo A, Soriano A, Rollo B, Jia L, Gazina EV, Piltz S, Adikusuma F, Thomas PQ, Kopsidas H, Rigo F, Reid CA, Maljevic S, Petrou S. Antisense oligonucleotide therapy for KCNT1 encephalopathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:146090. [PMID: 36173683 PMCID: PMC9746904 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are characterized by pharmaco-resistant seizures with concomitant intellectual disability. Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is one of the most severe of these syndromes. De novo variants in ion channels, including gain-of-function variants in KCNT1, which encodes for sodium activated potassium channel protein KNa1.1, have been found to play a major role in the etiology of EIMFS. Here, we test a potential precision therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated DEE using a gene-silencing antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) approach. We generated a mouse model carrying the KCNT1 p.P924L pathogenic variant; only the homozygous animals presented with the frequent, debilitating seizures and developmental compromise that are seen in patients. After a single intracerebroventricular bolus injection of a Kcnt1 gapmer ASO in symptomatic mice at postnatal day 40, seizure frequency was significantly reduced, behavioral abnormalities improved, and overall survival was extended compared with mice treated with a control ASO (nonhybridizing sequence). ASO administration at neonatal age was also well tolerated and effective in controlling seizures and extending the life span of treated animals. The data presented here provide proof of concept for ASO-based gene silencing as a promising therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisseth Estefania Burbano
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melody Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikola Jancovski
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kay Richards
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia Sedo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ben Rollo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linghan Jia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena V. Gazina
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Piltz
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fatwa Adikusuma
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Q. Thomas
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Kopsidas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Christopher A. Reid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Snezana Maljevic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Praxis Precision Medicines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Quinidine in Pediatric Patients with KCNT1 Genetic Variants. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102230. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinidine (QND) is an old antimalarial drug that was used in the early 20th century as an antiarrhythmic agent. Currently, QND is receiving attention for its use in epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) due to potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1 (KCNT1) genetic variants. Here, we report the application of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) in pediatric patients carrying KCNT1 genetic variants and orally treated with QND for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE). We measured plasma levels of QND and its metabolite hydroquinidine (H-QND) by using a validated method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three pediatric patients (median age 4.125 years, IQR 2.375–4.125) received increasing doses of QND. Cardiac toxicity was monitored at every dose change. Reduction in seizure frequency ranged from 50 to 90%. Our results show that QND is a promising drug for pediatric patients with DEE due to KCNT1 genetic variants. Although QND blood levels were significantly lower than the therapeutic range as an anti-arrhythmic drug, patients showed a significant improvement in seizure burden. These data underlie the utility of TDM for QND not only to monitor its toxic effects but also to evaluate possible drug–drug interactions.
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11
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Yang H, Yang X, Cai F, Gan S, Yang S, Wu L. Analysis of clinical phenotypic and genotypic spectra in 36 children patients with Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10187. [PMID: 35715422 PMCID: PMC9205988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMFS) is a rare developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEEs) with unknown etiology, and poor prognosis. In order to explore new genetic etiology of EIMFS and new precision medicine treatment strategies, 36 children with EIMFS were enrolled in this study. 17/36 cases had causative variants across 11 genes, including 6 novel EIMFS genes: PCDH19, ALDH7A1, DOCK6, PRRT2, ALG1 and ATP7A. 13/36 patients had ineffective seizure control, 14/36 patients had severe retardation and 6/36 patients died. Of them, the genes for ineffective seizure control, severe retardation or death include KCNT1, SCN2A, SCN1A, ALG1, ATP7A and WWOX. 17 patients had abnormal MRI, of which 8 had ineffective seizure control, 7 had severe retardation and 4 died. 13 patients had hypsarrhythmia, of which 6 had ineffective seizure control, 6 had severe retardation and 2 died. Also, 7 patients had burst suppression, of which 1 had ineffective seizure control, 3 had severe retardation and 3 died. This study is the first to report that ALDH7A1, ATP7A, DOCK6, PRRT2, ALG1, and PCDH19 mutations cause the phenotypic spectrum of EIMFS to expand the genotypic spectrum. The genes KCNT1, SCN2A, SCN1A, ALG1, ATP7A and WWOX may be associated with poor prognosis. The patients presenting with MRI abnormalities, hypsarrhythmia and burst suppression in EEG may be associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan Road 86th, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chenzhou No 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Gan
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan Road 86th, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan Road 86th, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan Road 86th, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, Pressler R, Auvin S, Samia P, Hirsch E, Galicchio S, Triki C, Snead OC, Wiebe S, Cross JH, Tinuper P, Scheffer IE, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Nabbout R. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1349-1397. [PMID: 35503712 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Nosology and Definitions proposes a classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes in the neonate and infant with seizure onset up to 2 years of age. The incidence of epilepsy is high in this age group and epilepsy is frequently associated with significant comorbidities and mortality. The licensing of syndrome specific antiseizure medications following randomized controlled trials and the development of precision, gene-related therapies are two of the drivers defining the electroclinical phenotypes of syndromes with onset in infancy. The principal aim of this proposal, consistent with the 2017 ILAE Classification of the Epilepsies, is to support epilepsy diagnosis and emphasize the importance of classifying epilepsy in an individual both by syndrome and etiology. For each syndrome, we report epidemiology, clinical course, seizure types, electroencephalography (EEG), neuroimaging, genetics, and differential diagnosis. Syndromes are separated into self-limited syndromes, where there is likely to be spontaneous remission and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, diseases where there is developmental impairment related to both the underlying etiology independent of epileptiform activity and the epileptic encephalopathy. The emerging class of etiology-specific epilepsy syndromes, where there is a specific etiology for the epilepsy that is associated with a clearly defined, relatively uniform, and distinct clinical phenotype in most affected individuals as well as consistent EEG, neuroimaging, and/or genetic correlates, is presented. The number of etiology-defined syndromes will continue to increase, and these newly described syndromes will in time be incorporated into this classification. The tables summarize mandatory features, cautionary alerts, and exclusionary features for the common syndromes. Guidance is given on the criteria for syndrome diagnosis in resource-limited regions where laboratory confirmation, including EEG, MRI, and genetic testing, might not be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, Collaborating Centre of European Reference Network EpiCARE, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine Wirrell
- Divisions of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elissa Yozawitz
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jo M Wilmshurst
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Rome, Italy
| | - Kate Riney
- Neurosciences Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronit Pressler
- Clinical Neuroscience, UCL- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, London, UK
| | - Stephane Auvin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert-Debré, INSERM NeuroDiderot, DMU Innov-RDB, Neurologie Pédiatrique, Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Samia
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edouard Hirsch
- Neurology Epilepsy Unit "Francis Rohmer", INSERM 1258, FMTS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Santiago Galicchio
- Child Neurology Department, Victor J Vilela Child Hospital of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Chahnez Triki
- Child Neurology Department, LR19ES15 Neuropédiatrie, Sfax Medical School, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - O Carter Snead
- Pediatric Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel Wiebe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Helen Cross
- Programme of Developmental Neurosciences, UCL NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, London, UK.,Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, UK
| | - Paolo Tinuper
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey Institute, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emilio Perucca
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Bronx, New York, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Institut Imagine, INSERM, UMR 1163, Université Paris cité, Paris, France
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13
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Liu R, Sun L, Wang Y, Jia M, Wang Q, Cai X, Wu J. Double-edged Role of K Na Channels in Brain Tuning: Identifying Epileptogenic Network Micro-Macro Disconnection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:916-928. [PMID: 34911427 PMCID: PMC9881102 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211215104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is commonly recognized as a disease driven by generalized hyperexcited and hypersynchronous neural activity. Sodium-activated potassium channels (KNa channels), which are encoded by the Slo 2.2 and Slo 2.1 genes, are widely expressed in the central nervous system and considered as "brakes" to adjust neuronal adaptation through regulating action potential threshold or after-hyperpolarization under physiological condition. However, the variants in KNa channels, especially gain-of-function variants, have been found in several childhood epileptic conditions. Most previous studies focused on mapping the epileptic network on the macroscopic scale while ignoring the value of microscopic changes. Notably, paradoxical role of KNa channels working on individual neuron/microcircuit and the macroscopic epileptic expression highlights the importance of understanding epileptogenic network through combining microscopic and macroscopic methods. Here, we first illustrated the molecular and physiological function of KNa channels on preclinical seizure models and patients with epilepsy. Next, we summarized current hypothesis on the potential role of KNa channels during seizures to provide essential insight into what emerged as a micro-macro disconnection at different levels. Additionally, we highlighted the potential utility of KNa channels as therapeutic targets for developing innovative anti-seizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-18062552085; E-mail: Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-13319285082; E-mail:
| | - Jianping Wu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-18062552085; E-mail: Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-13319285082; E-mail:
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14
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Gertler TS, Cherian S, DeKeyser JM, Kearney JA, George AL. K Na1.1 gain-of-function preferentially dampens excitability of murine parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105713. [PMID: 35346832 PMCID: PMC9169414 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNT1 encodes the sodium-activated potassium channel KNa1.1, expressed preferentially in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem. Pathogenic missense variants in KCNT1 are associated with intractable epilepsy, namely epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), and sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE). In vitro studies of pathogenic KCNT1 variants support predominantly a gain-of-function molecular mechanism, yet how these variants behave in a neuron or ultimately drive formation of an epileptogenic circuit is an important and timely question. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we introduced a gain-of-function variant into the endogenous mouse Kcnt1 gene. Compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, heterozygous and homozygous knock-in mice displayed greater seizure susceptibility to the chemoconvulsants kainate and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), but not to flurothyl. Using acute slice electrophysiology in heterozygous and homozygous Kcnt1 knock-in and WT littermates, we demonstrated that CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons exhibit greater amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in mutant mice with no difference in frequency, suggesting greater inhibitory tone associated with the Kcnt1 mutation. To address alterations in GABAergic signaling, we bred Kcnt1 knock-in mice to a parvalbumin-tdTomato reporter line, and found that parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons failed to fire repetitively with large amplitude current injections and were more prone to depolarization block. These alterations in firing can be recapitulated by direct application of the KNa1.1 channel activator loxapine in WT but are occluded in knock-in littermates, supporting a direct channel gain-of-function mechanism. Taken together, these results suggest that KNa1.1 gain-of-function dampens interneuron excitability to a greater extent than it impacts pyramidal neuron excitability, driving seizure susceptibility in a mouse model of KCNT1-associated epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy S Gertler
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America.
| | - Suraj Cherian
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marc DeKeyser
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America.
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15
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Liang S, Guo H, Ma K, Li X, Wu D, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang S, Cui Y, Liu Y, Sun L, Zhang B, Xin M, Zhang N, Zhou H, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu L. A PLCB1-PI3K-AKT Signaling Axis Activates EMT to Promote Cholangiocarcinoma Progression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5889-5903. [PMID: 34580062 PMCID: PMC9397629 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the phospholipase family, phospholipase C beta 1 (PLCB1) is involved in phospholipid hydrolysis and is frequently upregulated in human cancer. However, little is known about the role of PLCB1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In this study, we uncover a role for PLCB1 in CCA progression and identify the underlying mechanisms. Both human CCA tissues and CCA cell lines expressed high levels of PLCB1. PLCB1 promoted tumor development and growth in various CCA mouse models, including transposon-based tumorigenesis models. PLCB1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling to induce CCA cells to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, PABPC1 interacted with PLCB1 and PI3K to amplify PLCB1-mediated EMT via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/Snail signaling. Ectopic PLCB1 induced resistance to treatment with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin, which could be reversed by the AKT inhibitor MK2206. PLCB1 expression was regulated by miR-26b-5p through direct interaction with PLCB1 3'UTR. Collectively, these data identify a PLCB1-PI3K-AKT signaling axis vital for CCA development and EMT, suggesting that AKT can be used as a therapeutic target to overcome chemotherapy resistance in CCA patients with high PLCB1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE: PLCB1 functions as an oncogenic driver in cholangiocarcinoma development that confers an actionable therapeutic vulnerability to AKT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianying Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dehai Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shugeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifeng Cui
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linmao Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyang Xin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Corresponding Authors: Lianxin Liu, Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. E-mail: ; Jiabei Wang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, #1 Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China. E-mail: ; and Yao Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, #1 Swan Lake Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China. E-mail:
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Corresponding Authors: Lianxin Liu, Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. E-mail: ; Jiabei Wang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, #1 Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China. E-mail: ; and Yao Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, #1 Swan Lake Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China. E-mail:
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Corresponding Authors: Lianxin Liu, Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. E-mail: ; Jiabei Wang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, #1 Swan Lake Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China. E-mail: ; and Yao Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, #1 Swan Lake Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China. E-mail:
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16
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Swanson LC, Ahmed R. Epilepsy Syndromes: Current Classifications and Future Directions. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2021; 33:113-134. [PMID: 34801136 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the clinical presentations and treatment options for commonly recognized epilepsy syndromes in the pediatric age group, based on the 2017 International League Against Epilepsy classification. Structural epilepsies that are amenable to surgical intervention are discussed. Lastly, emerging technologies are reviewed that are expanding our knowledge of underlying epilepsy pathologies and will guide future syndromic classification systems including genetic testing and tissue repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave. #18, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1675 Highland Avenue #0002, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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17
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Inherited Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies. Neurol Int 2021; 13:555-568. [PMID: 34842787 PMCID: PMC8628919 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathies often have a genetic etiology. The epileptic activity itself exerts a direct detrimental effect on neurodevelopment, which may add to the cognitive impairment induced by the underlying mutation (“developmental and epileptic encephalopathy”). The focus of this review is on inherited syndromes. The phenotypes of genetic disorders affecting ion channels, metabolic signalling, membrane trafficking and exocytosis, cell adhesion, cell growth and proliferation are discussed. Red flags suggesting family of genes or even specific genes are highlighted. The knowledge of the phenotypical spectrum can indeed prompt the clinician to suspect specific etiologies, expediting the diagnosis.
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18
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Cherian C, Appendino JP, Ashtiani S, Federico P, Molnar CP, Kerr M, Khan A, Au PYB, Klein KM. The phenotypic spectrum of KCNT1: a new family with variable epilepsy syndromes including mild focal epilepsy. J Neurol 2021; 269:2162-2171. [PMID: 34537872 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pathogenic variants in KCNT1 have been associated with severe forms of epilepsy, typically sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy or epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures. To show that pathogenic variants in KCNT1 can be associated with mild extra-frontal epilepsy, we report a KCNT1 family with a wide spectrum of phenotypes ranging from developmental and epileptic encephalopathy to mild focal epilepsy without cognitive regression and not consistent with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. METHODS A large Canadian family of Caucasian descent including 9 affected family members was recruited. Family members were phenotyped by direct interview and review of existing medical records. Clinical epilepsy gene panel analysis and exome sequencing were performed. RESULTS Phenotypic information was available for five family members of which two had developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and three had normal development and focal epilepsy with presumed extra-frontal onset. All three had predominantly nocturnal seizures that did not show hyperkinetic features. All three reported clusters of seizures at night with a feeling of being unable to breathe associated with gasping for air, choking and/or repetitive swallowing possibly suggesting insular or opercular involvement. Genetic analysis identified a heterozygous KCNT1 c.2882G > A, p.Arg961His variant that was predicted to be deleterious. DISCUSSION This family demonstrates that the phenotypic spectrum associated with KCNT1 pathogenic variants is broader than previously assumed. Our findings indicate that variants in KCNT1 can be associated with mild focal epilepsy and should not be excluded during variant interpretation in such patients based solely on gene-disease validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cherian
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Juan P Appendino
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Setareh Ashtiani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paolo Federico
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christine P Molnar
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marina Kerr
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ping Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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19
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de la Jara J, Vásquez-Hernández C, Ramírez-Rojo E, Moya-Vilches J. Uncommon epileptic syndromes in children: a review. Seizure 2021; 90:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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20
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New avenues in molecular genetics for the diagnosis and application of therapeutics to the epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106428. [PMID: 31400936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic epidemiology studies have shown that most epilepsies involve some genetic cause. In addition, twin studies have helped strengthen the hypothesis that in most patients with epilepsy, a complex inheritance is involved. More recently, with the development of high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, the discovery of genes related to the epilepsies has accelerated tremendously. Especially, the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) has had a considerable impact on the identification of rare genetic variants with large effect sizes, including inherited or de novo mutations in severe forms of childhood epilepsies. The identification of pathogenic variants in patients with these childhood epilepsies provides many benefits for patients and families, such as the confirmation of the genetic nature of the diseases. This process will allow for better genetic counseling, more accurate therapy decisions, and a significant positive emotional impact. However, to study the genetic component of the more common forms of epilepsy, the use of high-density SNP arrays in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) seems to be the strategy of choice. As such, researchers can identify loci containing genetic variants associated with the common forms of epilepsy. The knowledge generated over the past two decades about the effects of the mutations that cause the monogenic epilepsy is tremendous; however, the scientific community is just starting to apply this information in order to generate better target treatments.
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21
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Ziobro JM, Eschbach K, Shellhaas RA. Novel Therapeutics for Neonatal Seizures. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1564-1581. [PMID: 34386906 PMCID: PMC8608938 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal seizures are a common neurologic emergency for which therapies have not significantly changed in decades. Improvements in diagnosis and pathophysiologic understanding of the distinct features of acute symptomatic seizures and neonatal-onset epilepsies present exceptional opportunities for development of precision therapies with potential to improve outcomes. Herein, we discuss the pathophysiology of neonatal seizures and review the evidence for currently available treatment. We present emerging therapies in clinical and preclinical development for the treatment of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures. Lastly, we discuss the role of precision therapies for genetic neonatal-onset epilepsies and address barriers and goals for developing new therapies for clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Ziobro
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1540 E. Hospital Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Krista Eschbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Denver Anschutz School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Renée A Shellhaas
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1540 E. Hospital Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Gong P, Jiao X, Yu D, Yang Z. Case Report: Causative De novo Variants of KCNT2 for Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy. Front Genet 2021; 12:649556. [PMID: 34276763 PMCID: PMC8277933 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:KCNT2 gene mutations had been described to cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). In this study, we presented the detailed clinical features and genetic analysis of two unrelated patients carrying two de novo variants in KCNT2 and reviewed eight different cases available in publications. Methods: Likely pathogenic variants were identified by whole exome sequencing; clinical data of the patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Our two unrelated patients were diagnosed with Ohtahara syndrome followed by infantile spasms (IS) and possibly the epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), respectively. They both manifested dysmorphic features with hirsute arms, thick hair, prominent eyebrows, long and thick eyelashes, a broad nasal tip, and short and smooth philtrum. In the eight patients reported previously, two was diagnosed with IS carrying a ‘change-of-function' mutation and a gain-of-function mutation, respectively, two with EIMFS-like carrying a gain-of-function mutation and a loss-of-function mutation, respectively, one with EIMFS carrying a loss-of-function mutation, three with DEE without functional analysis. Among them, two patients with gain-of-function mutations both exhibited dysmorphic features and presented epilepsy phenotype, which was similar to our patients. Conclusion: Overall, the most common phenotypes associated with KCNT2 mutation were IS and EIMFS. Epilepsy phenotype associated with gain- and loss-of-function mutations could overlap. Additional KCNT2 cases will help to make genotype-phenotype correlations clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianru Jiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Boscia F, Elkjaer ML, Illes Z, Kukley M. Altered Expression of Ion Channels in White Matter Lesions of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know About Their Function? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:685703. [PMID: 34276310 PMCID: PMC8282214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.685703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), knowledge about contribution of individual ion channels to axonal impairment and remyelination failure in progressive MS remains incomplete. Ion channel families play a fundamental role in maintaining white matter (WM) integrity and in regulating WM activities in axons, interstitial neurons, glia, and vascular cells. Recently, transcriptomic studies have considerably increased insight into the gene expression changes that occur in diverse WM lesions and the gene expression fingerprint of specific WM cells associated with secondary progressive MS. Here, we review the ion channel genes encoding K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- channels; ryanodine receptors; TRP channels; and others that are significantly and uniquely dysregulated in active, chronic active, inactive, remyelinating WM lesions, and normal-appearing WM of secondary progressive MS brain, based on recently published bulk and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing datasets. We discuss the current state of knowledge about the corresponding ion channels and their implication in the MS brain or in experimental models of MS. This comprehensive review suggests that the intense upregulation of voltage-gated Na+ channel genes in WM lesions with ongoing tissue damage may reflect the imbalance of Na+ homeostasis that is observed in progressive MS brain, while the upregulation of a large number of voltage-gated K+ channel genes may be linked to a protective response to limit neuronal excitability. In addition, the altered chloride homeostasis, revealed by the significant downregulation of voltage-gated Cl- channels in MS lesions, may contribute to an altered inhibitory neurotransmission and increased excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Louise Elkjaer
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Kukley
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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24
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Venti V, Ciccia L, Scalia B, Sciuto L, Cimino C, Marino S, Praticò AD, Falsaperla R. KCNT1-Related Epilepsy: A Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
KCNT1 gene encodes the sodium-dependent potassium channel reported as a causal factor for several different epileptic disorders. The gene has been also linked with cardiac disorders and in a family to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. KCNT1 mutations, in most cases, result in a gain of function causing a neuronal hyperpolarization with loss of inhibition. Many early-onset epileptic encephalopathies related to gain of function of KCNT1 gene have been described, most often associated with two phenotypes: malignant migrating focal seizures of infancy and familial autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy; however, there is no clear phenotype–genotype correlation, in fact same mutations have been represented in patients with West syndrome, Ohtahara syndrome, and early myoclonic encephalopathy. Additional neurologic features include intellectual disability, psychiatric disorders, hypotonia, microcephaly, strabismus, and movement disorders. Conventional anticonvulsant, vagal stimulation, and ketogenic diet have been used in the absence of clinical benefit in individuals with KCNT1-related epilepsy; in some patients, quinidine therapy off-label has been practiced successfully. This review aims to describe the characteristics of the gene, the phenotypes related to genetic mutations with the possible genotype–phenotype correlations and the treatments proposed to date, discussing the comorbidities reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Venti
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lina Ciccia
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Bruna Scalia
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Sciuto
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Cimino
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Marino
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea D. Praticò
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
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25
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Fang ZX, Xie LL, Yan LS, Lin H, Pan YN, Liu BK, Jiang Y, Cheng M, Li XJ, Jiang L. Clinical and genetic characteristics of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures in Chinese children. Epilepsy Res 2021; 174:106669. [PMID: 34020146 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is a rare and severe developmental epileptic encephalopathy. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of EIMFS by using phenotype-genotype correlation. METHODS We recruited, performed clinical genetic testing, and summarized the clinical features and genetic characteristics in five patients with EIMFS in China. RESULTS The five recruited patients included 2 males and 3 females. The median age of seizure onset was 2 months (range, day 3 to 3 months). All patients exhibited the characteristics of clinically migrating focal motor (tonic or clonic) seizures. Typical migrating ictal electrical patterns were found in 1 patient; the remaining four patients presented with overlapping seizures with different areas of ictal onset in differing hemispheres. All the patients had the associated variants, including KCNT1, SCN1A, SCN2A, TBC1D24 and ALG1. All patients received two or more antiseizure medications, and 1 patient became seizure-free, 1 reported >75 % seizure reduction, 2 reported >50 % seizure reduction, and 1 patient showed no improvement. Varying degrees of psychomotor developmental delays were observed in all patients. CONCLUSIONS The course of EIMFS could be related to the type of gene variant present, and different genes may have specific clinical features. Larger cohorts are required to elucidate such potential phenotype-genotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xu Fang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li-Si Yan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ben-Ke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China.
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26
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Patanè F, Pasquetti E, Sullo F, Tosto M, Sciuto L, Garozzo MT, Praticò ER, Falsaperla R. SLC25A22 and Its Related Epileptic Encephalopathies. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEpileptic encephalopathy is a condition in which seizures, electroencephalographic epileptiform abnormalities lead to a progressive deterioration of brain functions causing a significant psychomotor delay. One of the typical features of this heterogeneous and large group of severe disorders is the extremely early onset of seizures. The main causes of the epileptic encephalopathies include structural brain defects, inherited metabolic disorders; in this aspect, more than 100 genetic defects, including mutations in the solute carrier family 25 (SLC25A22) gene which encodes a mitochondrial glutamate carrier. To date, the main clinical phenotypes related to mutations of this gene are Ohtahara syndrome (or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy), early myoclonic encephalopathy and migrating partial seizures in infancy. In all the cases, prognosis is poor and no disease-modifying treatment is available in the present days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patanè
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elisa Pasquetti
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Sullo
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Tosto
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Sciuto
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Garozzo
- Unit of Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency, Hospital “Cannizzaro,” Catania, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
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27
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Griffin AM, Kahlig KM, Hatch RJ, Hughes ZA, Chapman ML, Antonio B, Marron BE, Wittmann M, Martinez-Botella G. Discovery of the First Orally Available, Selective K Na1.1 Inhibitor: In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of an Oxadiazole Series. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:593-602. [PMID: 33859800 PMCID: PMC8040054 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene KCNT1 encodes the sodium-activated potassium channel KNa1.1 (Slack, Slo2.2). Variants in the KCNT1 gene induce a gain-of-function (GoF) phenotype in ionic currents and cause a spectrum of intractable neurological disorders in infants and children, including epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) and autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). Effective treatment options for KCNT1-related disease are absent, and novel therapies are urgently required. We describe the development of a novel class of oxadiazole KNa1.1 inhibitors, leading to the discovery of compound 31 that reduced seizures and interictal spikes in a mouse model of KCNT1 GoF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Griffin
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kristopher M Kahlig
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert John Hatch
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | - Brian E Marron
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marion Wittmann
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Research Innovation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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28
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Ahmad SF, Ahmad KA, Ng YT. Neonatal Epileptic Encephalopathies. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2021; 37:100880. [PMID: 33892847 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2021.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority of neonatal seizures are related to common diagnoses, including hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and intraventricular hemorrhage. While relatively uncommon, neonatal epileptic encephalopathies represent an important group of neonatal seizure disorders that require immediate diagnosis and intervention. In this review, we provide a summary of the benign and severe neonatal epilepsy syndromes. While benign epilepsy syndromes have favorable prognoses, rapid and accurate diagnosis may prevent an unnecessarily long course of antiseizure medications. The severe epilepsy syndromes may be related to a number of underlying genetic disorders and often carry a poor prognosis. Herein we review diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and provide a set or algorithms for said purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiya Fatima Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, TX; The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
| | - Kaashif Aqeeb Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, TX; The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Yu-Tze Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, TX; The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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29
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El Halabi T, Dirani M, Hotait M, Nasreddine W, Beydoun A. A novel possible familial cause of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures related to SZT2 gene variant. Epilepsia Open 2021; 6:73-78. [PMID: 33681650 PMCID: PMC7918305 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure threshold-2 (SZT2) gene variants have been associated with a decrease in seizure threshold resulting in variable phenotypic expressions ranging from mild-moderate intellectual disabilities without seizures, to an early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with severe cognitive impairment. In addition, hypotonia and distinctive facial dysmorphism, including a high forehead and to a lesser extent ptosis and down-slanting palpebral fissures, were present in the majority. We herein report a novel SZT2 variant in one of two siblings both diagnosed with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS). This report is the fourth to document a possible familial case in EIMFS, a condition that was not previously associated with SZT2 variant. This report expands the phenotypic expression of SZT2, corroborates the importance of genetic counseling in some cases of EIMFS, and highlights the efficacy of potassium bromide in controlling the seizures associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El Halabi
- Neurology DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Maya Dirani
- Neurology DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Mostafa Hotait
- Neurology DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Wassim Nasreddine
- Neurology DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Ahmad Beydoun
- Neurology DepartmentAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
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30
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Kuchenbuch M, Nabbout R, Yochum M, Sauleau P, Modolo J, Wendling F, Benquet P. In silico model reveals the key role of GABA in KCNT1-epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures. Epilepsia 2021; 62:683-697. [PMID: 33617692 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate how gain of function (GOF) of slack channel due to a KCNT1 pathogenic variant induces abnormal neuronal cortical network activity and generates specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns of epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures. METHODS We used detailed microscopic computational models of neurons to explore the impact of GOF of slack channel (explicitly coded) on each subtype of neurons and on a cortical micronetwork. Then, we adapted a thalamocortical macroscopic model considering results obtained in detailed models and immature properties related to epileptic brain in infancy. Finally, we compared simulated EEGs resulting from the macroscopic model with interictal and ictal patterns of affected individuals using our previously reported EEG markers. RESULTS The pathogenic variants of KCNT1 strongly decreased the firing rate properties of γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons and, to a lesser extent, those of pyramidal cells. This change led to hyperexcitability with increased synchronization in a cortical micronetwork. At the macroscopic scale, introducing slack GOF effect resulted in epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) EEG interictal patterns. Increased excitation-to-inhibition ratio triggered seizure, but we had to add dynamic depolarizing GABA between somatostatin-positive interneurons and pyramidal cells to obtain migrating seizure. The simulated migrating seizures were close to EIMFS seizures, with similar values regarding the delay between the different ictal activities (one of the specific EEG markers of migrating focal seizures due to KCNT1 pathogenic variants). SIGNIFICANCE This study illustrates the interest of biomathematical models to explore pathophysiological mechanisms bridging the gap between the functional effect of gene pathogenic variants and specific EEG phenotype. Such models can be complementary to in vitro cellular and animal models. This multiscale approach provides an in silico framework that can be further used to identify candidate innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Kuchenbuch
- LTSI-U1099, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Rennes, France.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, member of European Network EPICARE, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Translational Research for Neurological Disorders (UMR 1163), IHU Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, INSERM, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, member of European Network EPICARE, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Translational Research for Neurological Disorders (UMR 1163), IHU Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases, INSERM, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Yochum
- LTSI-U1099, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Paul Sauleau
- CHU de Rennes (Department of Neurophysiology), "Behavior and Basal Ganglia" Research Unit (EA4712), University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Modolo
- LTSI-U1099, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Rennes, France
| | | | - Pascal Benquet
- LTSI-U1099, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Rennes, France
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31
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Kaminiów K, Kozak S, Paprocka J. Neonatal Seizures Revisited. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020155. [PMID: 33670692 PMCID: PMC7922511 DOI: 10.3390/children8020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Seizures are the most common neurological disorder in newborns and are most prevalent in the neonatal period. They are mostly caused by severe disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). However, they can also be a sign of the immaturity of the infant’s brain, which is characterized by the presence of specific factors that increase excitation and reduce inhibition. The most common disorders which result in acute brain damage and can manifest as seizures in neonates include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, infections of the CNS as well as electrolyte and biochemical disturbances. The therapeutic management of neonates and the prognosis are different depending on the etiology of the disorders that cause seizures which can lead to death or disability. Therefore, establishing a prompt diagnosis and implementing appropriate treatment are significant, as they can limit adverse long-term effects and improve outcomes. In this review paper, we present the latest reports on the etiology, pathomechanism, clinical symptoms and guidelines for the management of neonates with acute symptomatic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kaminiów
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sylwia Kozak
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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32
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Pressler RM, Cilio MR, Mizrahi EM, Moshé SL, Nunes ML, Plouin P, Vanhatalo S, Yozawitz E, de Vries LS, Puthenveettil Vinayan K, Triki CC, Wilmshurst JM, Yamamoto H, Zuberi SM. The ILAE classification of seizures and the epilepsies: Modification for seizures in the neonate. Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Neonatal Seizures. Epilepsia 2021; 62:615-628. [PMID: 33522601 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Seizures are the most common neurological emergency in the neonatal period and in contrast to those in infancy and childhood, are often provoked seizures with an acute cause and may be electrographic-only. Hence, neonatal seizures may not fit easily into classification schemes for seizures and epilepsies primarily developed for older children and adults. A Neonatal Seizures Task Force was established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) to develop a modification of the 2017 ILAE Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies, relevant to neonates. The neonatal classification framework emphasizes the role of electroencephalography (EEG) in the diagnosis of seizures in the neonate and includes a classification of seizure types relevant to this age group. The seizure type is determined by the predominant clinical feature. Many neonatal seizures are electrographic-only with no evident clinical features; therefore, these are included in the proposed classification. Clinical events without an EEG correlate are not included. Because seizures in the neonatal period have been shown to have a focal onset, a division into focal and generalized is unnecessary. Seizures can have a motor (automatisms, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, tonic), non-motor (autonomic, behavior arrest), or sequential presentation. The classification allows the user to choose the level of detail when classifying seizures in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit M Pressler
- Clinical Neuroscience, UCL- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria Roberta Cilio
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eli M Mizrahi
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Magda L Nunes
- Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS School of Medicine and the Brain Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Perrine Plouin
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Necker Enfant Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and BABA center Children's Hospital, HUS Imaging, Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elissa Yozawitz
- Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Linda S de Vries
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chahnez C Triki
- Department of Child Neurology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, LR19ES15 Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jo M Wilmshurst
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children & Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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33
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Howell KB, Freeman JL, Mackay MT, Fahey MC, Archer J, Berkovic SF, Chan E, Dabscheck G, Eggers S, Hayman M, Holberton J, Hunt RW, Jacobs SE, Kornberg AJ, Leventer RJ, Mandelstam S, McMahon JM, Mefford HC, Panetta J, Riseley J, Rodriguez-Casero V, Ryan MM, Schneider AL, Smith LJ, Stark Z, Wong F, Yiu EM, Scheffer IE, Harvey AS. The severe epilepsy syndromes of infancy: A population-based study. Epilepsia 2021; 62:358-370. [PMID: 33475165 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the epilepsy syndromes among the severe epilepsies of infancy and assess their incidence, etiologies, and outcomes. METHODS A population-based cohort study was undertaken of severe epilepsies with onset before age 18 months in Victoria, Australia. Two epileptologists reviewed clinical features, seizure videos, and electroencephalograms to diagnose International League Against Epilepsy epilepsy syndromes. Incidence, etiologies, and outcomes at age 2 years were determined. RESULTS Seventy-three of 114 (64%) infants fulfilled diagnostic criteria for epilepsy syndromes at presentation, and 16 (14%) had "variants" of epilepsy syndromes in which there was one missing or different feature, or where all classical features had not yet emerged. West syndrome (WS) and "WS-like" epilepsy (infantile spasms without hypsarrhythmia or modified hypsarrhythmia) were the most common syndromes, with a combined incidence of 32.7/100 000 live births/year. The incidence of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) was 4.5/100 000 and of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) was 3.6/100 000. Structural etiologies were common in "WS-like" epilepsy (100%), unifocal epilepsy (83%), and WS (39%), whereas single gene disorders predominated in EIMFS, EIEE, and Dravet syndrome. Eighteen (16%) infants died before age 2 years. Development was delayed or borderline in 85 of 96 (89%) survivors, being severe-profound in 40 of 96 (42%). All infants with EIEE or EIMFS had severe-profound delay or were deceased, but only 19 of 64 (30%) infants with WS, "WS-like," or "unifocal epilepsy" had severe-profound delay, and only two of 64 (3%) were deceased. SIGNIFICANCE Three quarters of severe epilepsies of infancy could be assigned an epilepsy syndrome or "variant syndrome" at presentation. In this era of genomic testing and advanced brain imaging, diagnosing epilepsy syndromes at presentation remains clinically useful for guiding etiologic investigation, initial treatment, and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Howell
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jeremy L Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Mark T Mackay
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Neurology, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - John Archer
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Eunice Chan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Gabriel Dabscheck
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Stefanie Eggers
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Michael Hayman
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - James Holberton
- Department of Neonatology, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Rodney W Hunt
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Susan E Jacobs
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kornberg
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Simone Mandelstam
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jacinta M McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Riseley
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Victoria Rodriguez-Casero
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Amy L Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lindsay J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Flora Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Eppie M Yiu
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A Simon Harvey
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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34
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Spitznagel BD, Mishra NM, Qunies AM, Prael FJ, Du Y, Kozek KA, Lazarenko RM, Denton JS, Emmitte KA, Weaver CD. VU0606170, a Selective Slack Channels Inhibitor, Decreases Calcium Oscillations in Cultured Cortical Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3658-3671. [PMID: 33143429 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy is a rare, devastating form of epilepsy most commonly associated with gain-of-function mutations in the potassium channel, Slack. Not only is this condition almost completely pharmacoresistant, there are not even selective drug-like tools available to evaluate whether inhibition of these overactivated, mutant Slack channels may represent a viable path forward toward new antiepileptic therapies. Therefore, we used a high-throughput thallium flux assay to screen a drug-like, 100 000-compound library in search of inhibitors of both wild-type and a disease-associated mutant Slack channel. Using this approach, we discovered VU0606170, a selective Slack channel inhibitor with low micromolar potency. Critically, VU0606170 also proved effective at significantly decreasing the firing rate in overexcited, spontaneously firing cortical neuron cultures. Taken together, our data provide compelling evidence that selective inhibition of Slack channel activity can be achieved with small molecules and that inhibition of Slack channel activity in neurons produces efficacy consistent with an antiepileptic effect. Thus, the identification of VU0606170 provides a much-needed tool for advancing our understanding of the role of the Slack channel in normal physiology and disease as well as its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D. Spitznagel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Nigam M. Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Alshaima’a M. Qunies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Francis J. Prael
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Krystian A. Kozek
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Vanderbilt Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Roman M. Lazarenko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Jerod S. Denton
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - C. David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
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35
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Turner TJ, Zourray C, Schorge S, Lignani G. Recent advances in gene therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy. J Neurochem 2020; 157:229-262. [PMID: 32880951 PMCID: PMC8436749 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders can be caused by mutations in neuronal genes fundamental to brain development. These disorders have severe symptoms ranging from intellectually disability, social and cognitive impairments, and a subset are strongly linked with epilepsy. In this review, we focus on those neurodevelopmental disorders that are frequently characterized by the presence of epilepsy (NDD + E). We loosely group the genes linked to NDD + E with different neuronal functions: transcriptional regulation, intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission. All these genes have in common a pivotal role in defining the brain architecture and function during early development, and when their function is altered, symptoms can present in the first stages of human life. The relationship with epilepsy is complex. In some NDD + E, epilepsy is a comorbidity and in others seizures appear to be the main cause of the pathology, suggesting that either structural changes (NDD) or neuronal communication (E) can lead to these disorders. Furthermore, grouping the genes that cause NDD + E, we review the uses and limitations of current models of the different disorders, and how different gene therapy strategies are being developed to treat them. We highlight where gene replacement may not be a treatment option, and where innovative therapeutic tools, such as CRISPR‐based gene editing, and new avenues of delivery are required. In general this group of genetically defined disorders, supported increasing knowledge of the mechanisms leading to neurological dysfunction serve as an excellent collection for illustrating the translational potential of gene therapy, including newly emerging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Turner
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Clara Zourray
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | | | - Gabriele Lignani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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36
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Lewis-Smith D, Ellis CA, Helbig I, Thomas RH. Early-onset genetic epilepsies reaching adult clinics. Brain 2020; 143:e19. [PMID: 32203577 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Lewis-Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Colin A Ellis
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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37
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Burgess R, Wang S, McTague A, Boysen KE, Yang X, Zeng Q, Myers KA, Rochtus A, Trivisano M, Gill D, Sadleir LG, Specchio N, Guerrini R, Marini C, Zhang YH, Mefford HC, Kurian MA, Poduri AH, Scheffer IE. The Genetic Landscape of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures. Ann Neurol 2020; 86:821-831. [PMID: 31618474 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is one of the most severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. We delineate the genetic causes and genotype-phenotype correlations of a large EIMFS cohort. METHODS Phenotypic and molecular data were analyzed on patients recruited through an international collaborative study. RESULTS We ascertained 135 patients from 128 unrelated families. Ninety-three of 135 (69%) had causative variants (42/55 previously reported) across 23 genes, including 9 novel EIMFS genes: de novo dominant GABRA1, GABRB1, ATP1A3; X-linked CDKL5, PIGA; and recessive ITPA, AIMP1, KARS, WWOX. The most frequently implicated genes were KCNT1 (36/135, 27%) and SCN2A (10/135, 7%). Mosaicism occurred in 2 probands (SCN2A, GABRB3) and 3 unaffected mothers (KCNT1). Median age at seizure onset was 4 weeks, with earlier onset in the SCN2A, KCNQ2, and BRAT1 groups. Epileptic spasms occurred in 22% patients. A total of 127 patients had severe to profound developmental impairment. All but 7 patients had ongoing seizures. Additional features included microcephaly, movement disorders, spasticity, and scoliosis. Mortality occurred in 33% at median age 2 years 7 months. INTERPRETATION We identified a genetic cause in 69% of patients with EIMFS. We highlight the genetic heterogeneity of EIMFS with 9 newly implicated genes, bringing the total number to 33. Mosaicism was observed in probands and parents, carrying critical implications for recurrence risk. EIMFS pathophysiology involves diverse molecular processes from gene and protein regulation to ion channel function and solute trafficking. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:821-831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Burgess
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy McTague
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katja E Boysen
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Rochtus
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Rare and Complex Epilepsies Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Deepak Gill
- T. Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lynette G Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Rare and Complex Epilepsies Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics, and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Marini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics, and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yue-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annapurna H Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Matthews E, Balestrini S, Sisodiya SM, Hanna MG. Muscle and brain sodium channelopathies: genetic causes, clinical phenotypes, and management approaches. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2020; 4:536-547. [PMID: 32142633 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for excitability of skeletal muscle fibres and neurons. An increasing number of disabling or fatal paediatric neurological disorders linked to mutations of voltage-gated sodium channel genes are recognised. Muscle phenotypes include episodic paralysis, myotonia, neonatal hypotonia, respiratory compromise, laryngospasm or stridor, congenital myasthenia, and myopathy. Evidence suggests a possible link between sodium channel dysfunction and sudden infant death. Increasingly recognised phenotypes of brain sodium channelopathies include several epilepsy disorders and complex encephalopathies. Together, these early-onset muscle and brain phenotypes have a substantial morbidity and a considerable mortality. Important advances in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these channelopathies have helped to identify effective targeted therapies. The availability of effective treatments underlines the importance of increasing clinical awareness and the need to achieve a precise genetic diagnosis. In this Review, we describe the expanded range of phenotypes of muscle and brain sodium channelopathies and the underlying knowledge regarding mechanisms of sodium channel dysfunction. We also outline a diagnostic approach and review the available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Matthews
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Simona Balestrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Buckinghamshire, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Buckinghamshire, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Smith RS, Walsh CA. Ion Channel Functions in Early Brain Development. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:103-114. [PMID: 31959360 PMCID: PMC7092371 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During prenatal brain development, ion channels are ubiquitous across several cell types, including progenitor cells and migrating neurons but their function has not been clear. In the past, ion channel dysfunction has been primarily studied in the context of postnatal, differentiated neurons that fire action potentials - notably ion channels mutated in the epilepsies - yet data now support a surprising role in prenatal human brain disorders as well. Modern gene discovery approaches have identified defective ion channels in individuals with cerebral cortex malformations, which reflect abnormalities in early-to-middle stages of embryonic development (prior to ubiquitous action potentials). These human genetics studies and recent in utero animal modeling work suggest that precise control of ionic flux (calcium, sodium, and potassium) contributes to in utero developmental processes such as neural proliferation, migration, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Smith
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Papandreou A, Danti FR, Spaull R, Leuzzi V, Mctague A, Kurian MA. The expanding spectrum of movement disorders in genetic epilepsies. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:178-191. [PMID: 31784983 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of neurogenetic conditions presenting with both epilepsy and atypical movements are now recognized. These disorders within the 'genetic epilepsy-dyskinesia' spectrum are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Increased clinical awareness is therefore necessary for a rational diagnostic approach. Furthermore, careful interpretation of genetic results is key to establishing the correct diagnosis and initiating disease-specific management strategies in a timely fashion. In this review we describe the spectrum of movement disorders associated with genetically determined epilepsies. We also propose diagnostic strategies and putative pathogenic mechanisms causing these complex syndromes associated with both seizures and atypical motor control. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Implicated genes encode proteins with very diverse functions. Pathophysiological mechanisms by which epilepsy and movement disorder phenotypes manifest are often not clear. Early diagnosis of treatable disorders is essential and next generation sequencing may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papandreou
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Federica Rachele Danti
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Spaull
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amy Mctague
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Mao X, Bruneau N, Gao Q, Becq H, Jia Z, Xi H, Shu L, Wang H, Szepetowski P, Aniksztejn L. The Epilepsy of Infancy With Migrating Focal Seizures: Identification of de novo Mutations of the KCNT2 Gene That Exert Inhibitory Effects on the Corresponding Heteromeric K Na1.1/K Na1.2 Potassium Channel. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:1. [PMID: 32038177 PMCID: PMC6992647 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS; previously called Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy) are early-onset epileptic encephalopathies (EOEE) that associate multifocal ictal discharges and profound psychomotor retardation. EIMFS have a genetic origin and are mostly caused by de novo mutations in the KCNT1 gene, and much more rarely in the KCNT2 gene. KCNT1 and KCNT2 respectively encode the KNa1.1 (Slack) and KNa1.2 (Slick) subunits of the sodium-dependent voltage-gated potassium channel KNa. Functional analyses of the corresponding mutant homomeric channels in vitro suggested gain-of-function effects. Here, we report two novel, de novo truncating mutations of KCNT2: one mutation is frameshift (p.L48Qfs43), is situated in the N-terminal domain, and was found in a patient with EOEE (possibly EIMFS); the other mutation is nonsense (p.K564*), is located in the C-terminal region, and was found in a typical EIMFS patient. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we have analyzed the functional consequences of those two novel KCNT2 mutations on reconstituted KNa1.2 homomeric and KNa1.1/KNa1.2 heteromeric channels in transfected chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We report that both mutations significantly impacted on KNa function; notably, they decreased the global current density of heteromeric channels by ~25% (p.K564*) and ~55% (p.L48Qfs43). Overall our data emphasize the involvement of KCNT2 in EOEE and provide novel insights into the role of heteromeric KNa channel in the severe KCNT2-related epileptic phenotypes. This may have important implications regarding the elaboration of future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Mao
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Nadine Bruneau
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, INMED, UMR1249, Marseille, France
| | - Quwen Gao
- Department of Epilepsy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hélène Becq
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, INMED, UMR1249, Marseille, France
| | - Zhengjun Jia
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shu
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E Scheffer
- University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Florey Institute, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Bartolini E, Campostrini R, Kiferle L, Pradella S, Rosati E, Chinthapalli K, Palumbo P. Epilepsy and brain channelopathies from infancy to adulthood. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:749-761. [PMID: 31838630 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic brain channelopathies result from inherited or de novo mutations of genes encoding ion channel subunits within the central nervous system. Most neurological channelopathies arise in childhood with paroxysmal or episodic symptoms, likely because of a transient impairment of homeostatic mechanisms regulating membrane excitability, and the prototypical expression of this impairment is epilepsy. Migraine, episodic ataxia and alternating hemiplegia can also occur, as well as chronic phenotypes, such as spinocerebellar ataxias, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels may be involved. In most cases, a single gene may be associated with a phenotypical spectrum that shows variable expressivity. Different clinical features may arise at different ages and the adult phenotype may be remarkably modified from the syndrome onset in childhood or adolescence. Recognizing the prominent phenotypical traits of brain channelopathies is essential to perform appropriate diagnostic investigations and to provide the better care not only in the paediatric setting but also for adult patients and their caregivers. Herein, we provide an overview of genetic brain channelopathies associated with epilepsy, highlight the different molecular mechanisms and describe the different clinical characteristics which may prompt the clinician to suspect specific syndromes and to possibly establish tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bartolini
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy.
| | - Roberto Campostrini
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Kiferle
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Silvia Pradella
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rosati
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Palumbo
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
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Barcia G, Chemaly N, Kuchenbuch M, Eisermann M, Gobin-Limballe S, Ciorna V, Macaya A, Lambert L, Dubois F, Doummar D, Billette de Villemeur T, Villeneuve N, Barthez MA, Nava C, Boddaert N, Kaminska A, Bahi-Buisson N, Milh M, Auvin S, Bonnefont JP, Nabbout R. Epilepsy with migrating focal seizures: KCNT1 mutation hotspots and phenotype variability. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e363. [PMID: 31872048 PMCID: PMC6878841 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective To report new sporadic cases and 1 family with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFSs) due to KCNT1 gain-of-function and to assess therapies' efficacy including quinidine. Methods We reviewed the clinical, EEG, and molecular data of 17 new patients with EIMFS and KCNT1 mutations, in collaboration with the network of the French reference center for rare epilepsies. Results The mean seizure onset age was 1 month (range: 1 hour to 4 months), and all children had focal motor seizures with autonomic signs and migrating ictal pattern on EEG. Three children also had infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. The identified KCNT1 variants clustered as “hot spots” on the C-terminal domain, and all mutations occurred de novo except the p.R398Q mutation inherited from the father with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, present in 2 paternal uncles, one being asymptomatic and the other with single tonic-clonic seizure. In 1 patient with EIMFS, we identified the p.R1106Q mutation associated with Brugada syndrome and saw no abnormality in cardiac rhythm. Quinidine was well tolerated when administered to 2 and 4-year-old patients but did not reduce seizure frequency. Conclusions The majority of the KCNT1 mutations appear to cluster in hot spots essential for the channel activity. A same mutation can be linked to a spectrum of conditions ranging from EMFSI to asymptomatic carrier, even in the same family. None of the antiepileptic therapies displayed clinical efficacy, including quinidine in 2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Barcia
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Chemaly
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Kuchenbuch
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Monika Eisermann
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Gobin-Limballe
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Viorica Ciorna
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Lambert
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Dubois
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Villeneuve
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Barthez
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anna Kaminska
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Auvin
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bonnefont
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Service de Génétique (G.B., J.-P.B., S.G.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 (G.B., N.B-.B., R.N.), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.C., N.B-.B., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Epilepsies Rares (N.C., A.K., R.N.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1129 (N.N., A.K., R.N.), Paris, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Pédiatrie (M.K.), INSERM U1099, Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique (M.E., A.K.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Génétique Clinique (V.C.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Metz-Thionville, France; Pediatric Neurology Research Group (A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service de Génétique Clinique (L.L.), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; Service de Pédiatrie (F.D.), CHU de Grenoble, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.V.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (N.V., M.M.), APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M-.A.B., M.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; Département de Génétique (C.N., M.M.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique (N.B., M.M.), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Aix-Marseille (M.M.), INSERM, MMG, UMR-S 1251, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique (S.A.), Hôpital Rober Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Alsaleem M, Carrion V, Weinstock A, Chandrasekharan P. Infantile refractory seizures due to de novo KCNT 1 mutation. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/10/e231178. [PMID: 31653631 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a term female infant who presented with multiple seizures early in infancy. The clinical and electrical seizures were refractory to traditional antiepileptic medications. After extensive workup, seizure panel testing revealed KCNT1 gene mutation, which is associated with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy and epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures. The infant's condition improved with the combination of traditional as well non-traditional antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Alsaleem
- Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Kansas, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Vivien Carrion
- Pediatrics, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Arie Weinstock
- Neurology, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Praveen Chandrasekharan
- Pediatrics, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Kuchenbuch M, Barcia G, Chemaly N, Carme E, Roubertie A, Gibaud M, Van Bogaert P, de Saint Martin A, Hirsch E, Dubois F, Sarret C, Nguyen The Tich S, Laroche C, des Portes V, Billette de Villemeur T, Barthez MA, Auvin S, Bahi-Buisson N, Desguerre I, Kaminska A, Benquet P, Nabbout R. KCNT1 epilepsy with migrating focal seizures shows a temporal sequence with poor outcome, high mortality and SUDEP. Brain 2019; 142:2996-3008. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on KCNT1 epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures are heterogeneous and incomplete. Kuchenbuch et al. refine the syndrome phenotype, showing a three-step temporal sequence, poor prognosis with acquired microcephaly, high prevalence of extra-neurological manifestations and early mortality, particularly due to SUDEP. Refining the electro-clinical spectrum should facilitate early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Kuchenbuch
- University Rennes, CHU Rennes (Department of Clinical neurophysiology), Inserm, LTSI (Laboratoire de Traitement du Signal et de l’Image), UMR-1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR 1163, Translational research for neurological disorder, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR 1163, Translational research for neurological disorder, France
- Department of Genetics, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Imagine Institute, France
| | - Nicole Chemaly
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR 1163, Translational research for neurological disorder, France
| | - Emilie Carme
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Gibaud
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Angers University Hospital, France
| | | | | | - Edouard Hirsch
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, France
| | - Fanny Dubois
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Cecile Laroche
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Limoges University Hospital, France
| | - Vincent des Portes
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, CNRS UMR 5304, F- 69675 Bron, France
- Lyon-1 University, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Auvin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1141, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Anna Kaminska
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Benquet
- University Rennes, CHU Rennes (Department of Clinical neurophysiology), Inserm, LTSI (Laboratoire de Traitement du Signal et de l’Image), UMR-1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR 1163, Translational research for neurological disorder, France
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Rodríguez C, Sánchez-Morán I, Álvarez S, Tirado P, Fernández-Mayoralas DM, Calleja-Pérez B, Almeida Á, Fernández-Jaén A. A novel human Cdh1 mutation impairs anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome activity resulting in microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and epilepsy. J Neurochem 2019; 151:103-115. [PMID: 31318984 PMCID: PMC6851713 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Fizzy-related protein 1 (Fzr1) gene encodes Cdh1 protein, a coactivator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Previously, we found that genetic ablation of Fzr1 promotes the death of neural progenitor cells leading to neurogenesis impairment and microcephaly in mouse. To ascertain the possible translation of these findings in humans, we searched for mutations in the Fzr1 gene in 390 whole exomes sequenced in trio in individuals showing neurodevelopmental disorders compatible with a genetic origin. We found a novel missense (p.Asp187Gly) Fzr1 gene mutation (c.560A>G) in a heterozygous state in a 4-year-old boy, born from non-consanguineous Spanish parents, who presents with severe antenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and refractory epilepsy. Cdh1 protein levels in leucocytes isolated from the patient were significantly lower than those found in his parents. Expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells produced less Cdh1 protein and APC/C activity, resulting in altered cell cycle distribution when compared with cells expressing wild-type Cdh1. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in cortical progenitor cells in primary culture failed to abolish the enlargement of the replicative phase caused by knockout of endogenous Cdh1. These results indicate that the loss of function of APC/C-Cdh1 caused by Cdh1 Asp187Gly mutation is a new cause of prenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and severe epilepsy. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 8. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Morán
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Tirado
- Departamento de Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel M Fernández-Mayoralas
- Departamento de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Calleja-Pérez
- Centro de Salud Doctor Cirajas, Servicio de Atención Primaria de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Departamento de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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The epileptic encephalopathy jungle - from Dr West to the concepts of aetiology-related and developmental encephalopathies. Curr Opin Neurol 2019; 31:216-222. [PMID: 29356691 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to further disentangle the jungle of terminology of epileptic encephalopathy and provide some insights into the current understanding about the aetiology and pathophysiology of this process. We cover also the key features of epilepsy syndromes of infancy and childhood which are considered at high risk of developing an epileptic encephalopathy. RECENT FINDINGS The concept of 'epileptic encephalopathy' has progressively been elaborated by the International League Against Epilepsy according to growing clinical and laboratory evidence. It defines a process of neurological impairment caused by the epileptic activity itself and, therefore, potentially reversible with successful treatment, although to a variable extent. Epileptic activity interfering with neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and normal network organization as well as triggering neuroinflammation are among the possible pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the neurological compromise. This differs from the newly introduced concept of 'developmental encephalopathy' which applies to where the epilepsy and developmental delay are both because of the underlying aetiology and aggressive antiepileptic treatment may not be helpful. SUMMARY The understanding and use of correct terminology is crucial in clinical practice enabling appropriate expectations of antiepileptic treatment. Further research is needed to elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, define clear outcome predictors, and find new treatment targets.
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Yoshitomi S, Takahashi Y, Imai K, Koshimizu E, Miyatake S, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Kato M, Fujita T, Ishii A, Hirose S, Inoue Y. Different types of suppression-burst patterns in patients with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS). Seizure 2019; 65:118-123. [PMID: 30684875 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In rare cases, patients with epilepsy of infancy withmigrating focal seizures (EIMFS) exhibit suppression-burst (SB) patterns on electroencephalography (EEG), similar to the findings observed in patients with Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy. In this report, we discuss six cases of EIMFS in which patients exhibited two types of SB patterns. METHODS We evaluated six patients with EIMFS who had been admitted to the NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders between 2011 and 2018. We retrospectively examined clinical characteristics and EEG findings for each patient. In all patients, the first EEG was performed within 1 month after seizure onset. Afterwards, EEG examinations were performed at irregular intervals (ranging from 1 to 5 months). RESULTS Age at seizure onset ranged from 2 days to 3 months. SB was first detected within 1 month of age in two patients, and within the range of 3-14 months in the remaining four patients. Among the latter four patients, SB patterns persisted at the final EEG recording in three patients (34-54 months). In all patients, SB patterns were observed during sleep only. Interhemispheric asynchrony in SB was observed in the two patients who exhibited SB within 1 month of age, while synchronous SB patterns were observed in the remaining four patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EIMFS may be associated with two types of SB patterns (early-onset and late-onset), which can be distinguished based on the stage of emergence and level of synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Yoshitomi
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Yukitoshi Takahashi
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imai
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hirose
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yushi Inoue
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
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Kuchenbuch M, Benquet P, Kaminska A, Roubertie A, Carme E, de Saint Martin A, Hirsch E, Dubois F, Laroche C, Barcia G, Chemaly N, Milh M, Villeneuve N, Sauleau P, Modolo J, Wendling F, Nabbout R. Quantitative analysis and EEG markers of KCNT1 epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures. Epilepsia 2018; 60:20-32. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Kuchenbuch
- CHU Rennes (Department of Pediatric and Clinical Neurophysiology); INSERM; LTSI - UMR 1099; University of Rennes; Rennes France
- INSERM Unit U1129 Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Pascal Benquet
- INSERM; LTSI - UMR 1099; University of Rennes; Rennes France
| | - Anna Kaminska
- INSERM Unit U1129 Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies; Department of Pediatric Neurophysiology; Imagine Institute; Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital; APHP; Paris France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
| | - Emilie Carme
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Montpellier University; Montpellier France
| | - Anne de Saint Martin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - Edouard Hirsch
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - Fanny Dubois
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - Cécile Laroche
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Imagine Institute; Necker Enfants Malades Hospital; Paris France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- INSERM Unit U1129 Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- CHU de Rennes (Department of Neurophysiology); “Behavior and Basal Ganglia” Research Unit, EA4712; University of Rennes; Rennes France
| | - Nicole Chemaly
- INSERM Unit U1129 Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies; Department of Pediatric Neurology; Imagine Institute; Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital; APHP; Paris France
| | - Matthieu Milh
- Pediatric Neurology Department; AP-HM; Timone Children Hospital; Marseille France
| | - Nathalie Villeneuve
- Pediatric Neurology Department; AP-HM; Timone Children Hospital; Marseille France
| | - Paul Sauleau
- CHU de Rennes (Department of Neurophysiology); “Behavior and Basal Ganglia” Research Unit, EA4712; University of Rennes; Rennes France
| | - Julien Modolo
- INSERM; LTSI - UMR 1099; University of Rennes; Rennes France
| | | | - Rima Nabbout
- INSERM Unit U1129 Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies; Department of Pediatric Neurology; Imagine Institute; Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital; APHP; Paris France
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