1
|
Jafari Roshan S, Mansoori Y, Hosseini SR, Sabour D, Daraei A. Genetic variations in ATM and H2AX loci contribute to risk of hematological abnormalities in individuals exposed to BTEX chemicals. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24321. [PMID: 35235704 PMCID: PMC8993635 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loci controlling DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) repair play an important role in defending against the harmful health effects of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), but their gene variants may alter their repair capacity. The aim of the current study was to determine the relationship of functional polymorphisms ATM‐rs228589 A>T, WRN‐rs1800392 G>T and H2AX‐rs7759 A>G in DBS repair loci with the abnormal hematological indices in workers who exposed to BTEXs. Methods We included 141 cases with one or more abnormal hematological parameters, who had been occupationally exposed to BTEX chemicals and 152 controls with a similar exposure condition but without any abnormal hematological parameters. Atmospheric concentrations of BTEXs were measured and whole blood samples were taken from the participants to determine hematologic parameters and SNP genotyping. Results Results showed that T allele of ATM‐rs228589 and G allele of H2AX‐rs7759 had a higher frequency in cases than controls (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively). Also, AT and TT genotypes of ATM‐rs228589 and AG and GG genotypes of H2AX‐rs7759 were higher in cases compared to controls. The AT and TT genotypes of ATM‐rs228589 have significant associations with a risk of hematological abnormalities in the codominant (AT vs. AA, p = 0.018), dominant (AT + TT vs. AA, p = 0.010) and overdominant (AT vs. AA + TT, p = 0.037) models. The GG and AG genotypes of H2AX‐rs7759 were in relation with increased risk of abnormal hematological indices under codominant (GA vs. AA, p = 0.009 & GG vs. AA, p = 0.005), dominant (AG + GG vs. AA, p = 0.001), and recessive (GG vs. AA + AG, p = 0.025) models. Conclusions These observations may help to understand the mechanisms of BTEX hematotoxicity and identify useful biomarkers of risk assessment for workers exposed to BTEX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Jafari Roshan
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramírez‐Lopera V, Uribe‐Castro D, Bautista‐Amorocho H, Silva‐Sayago JA, Mateus‐Sánchez E, Ardila‐Barbosa WY, Pérez‐Cala TL. The effects of genetic polymorphisms on benzene-exposed workers: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e327. [PMID: 34295994 PMCID: PMC8284097 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Benzene is a group I carcinogen, which has been associated with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Moreover, it has been proposed that polymorphisms in benzene metabolizing genes influence the outcomes of benzene exposure in the human body. This systematic review aims to elucidate the existent relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the risk of developing adverse health effects in benzene-exposed workers. METHODS Three databases were systematically searched until April 2020. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses method was used to select articles published between 2005 and 2020. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS After full-text evaluation, 36 articles remained out of 645 initially screened. The most studied health effects within the reviewed papers were chronic benzene poisoning, hematotoxicity, altered urinary biomarkers of exposure, micronucleus/chromosomal aberrations, and gene methylation. Furthermore, some polymorphisms on NQO1, GSTT1, GSTM1, MPO, and CYP2E1, among other genes, showed a statistically significant relationship with an increased risk of developing at least one of these effects on benzene-exposed workers. However, there was no consensus among the reviewed papers on which specific polymorphisms were the ones associated with the adverse health-related outcomes, except for the NQO1 rs1800566 and the GSTT1 null genotypes. Additionally, the smoking habit was identified as a confounder, demonstrating worse health outcomes in exposed workers that smoked. CONCLUSION Though there is a positive relationship between genetic polymorphisms and detrimental health outcomes for benzene-exposed workers, broader benzene-exposed cohorts that take into account the genetic diversity of the population are needed in order to determine which specific polymorphisms incur in health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ramírez‐Lopera
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Daniel Uribe‐Castro
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Henry Bautista‐Amorocho
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa Administración en Salud OcupacionalCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Jorge Alexander Silva‐Sayago
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa Administración en Salud OcupacionalCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Enrique Mateus‐Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa de PsicologíaCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Wilman Yesid Ardila‐Barbosa
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Humano, Tejido Social e Innovaciones Tecnológicas—GIDTI, Programa Administración en Salud OcupacionalCentro Regional Bucaramanga, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de DiosBucaramangaColombia
| | - Tania Liseth Pérez‐Cala
- Bacterias & Cáncer Group, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bollati V, Ferrari L, Leso V, Iavicoli I. Personalised Medicine: implication and perspectives in the field of occupational health. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2020; 111:425-444. [PMID: 33311418 PMCID: PMC7809984 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v111i6.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
"Personalised medicine" relies on identifying and integrating individual variability in genomic, biological, and physiological parameters, as well as in environmental and lifestyle factors, to define "individually" targeted disease prevention and treatment. Although innovative "omic" technologies supported the application of personalised medicine in clinical, oncological, and pharmacological settings, its role in occupational health practice and research is still in a developing phase. Occupational personalised approaches have been currently applied in experimental settings and in conditions of unpredictable risks, e.g.. war missions and space flights, where it is essential to avoid disease manifestations and therapy failure. However, a debate is necessary as to whether personalized medicine may be even more important to support a redefinition of the risk assessment processes taking into consideration the complex interaction between occupational and individual factors. Indeed, "omic" techniques can be helpful to understand the hazardous properties of the xenobiotics, dose-response relationships through a deeper elucidation of the exposure-disease pathways and internal doses of exposure. Overall, this may guide the adoption/implementation of primary preventive measures protective for the vast majority of the population, including most susceptible subgroups. However, the application of personalised medicine into occupational health requires overcoming some practical, ethical, legal, economical, and socio-political issues, particularly concerning the protection of privacy, and the risk of discrimination that the workers may experience. In this scenario, the concerted action of academic, industry, governmental, and stakeholder representatives should be encouraged to improve research aimed to guide effective and sustainable implementation of personalised medicine in occupational health fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Getu S, Shiferaw E, Melku M. Assessment of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers at petrol stations in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:44. [PMID: 32861244 PMCID: PMC7456503 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Petrol is the non-specific term for petroleum which is used for inside combustion of engines. Petrol filling workers are highly vulnerable to occupational exposure to these harmful substances which lead to hemato-toxicity and blood disorders such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and dysplastic bone marrow. Thus, this study was aimed to assess hematological parameters of petrol filling workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 110 study participants comprising 55 study groups and 55 controls group were recruited by a convenient sampling technique. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and 3 ml of venous blood was collected for the determination of hematological parameters. The data were entered into Epi info 7.2.0.1 and analyzed by SPSS version of 20. Mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile ranges were used to present the data. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the mean or median difference between parametric and non-parametric hematological parameters, respectively. Moreover, Pearson product-moment and Spearman’s rank-order bivariable correlations analyses were used to describe the correlation between hematological parameters and duration of exposure to petrol. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study revealed that mean red blood cell count and hemoglobin level as well as the median hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, absolute lymphocytes count, and red cell distribution width values of petrol filling workers showed a significant increment compared with the control group. On the other hand, the mean cell hemoglobin value of petrol filling workers showed a significant decrement compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the duration of exposure to petrol showed a significant positive correlation with red blood cell count and mean cell hemoglobin concentration; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with mean cell volume. Conclusion This study showed that the majority of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers showed an increment compared with healthy controls which might be associated with exposure to petrol chemicals. However, further longitudinal study with a larger sample size should be conducted to explore the impact of petrol exposure on hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Getu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. .,Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Elias Shiferaw
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li W, Schnatter AR. Benzene risk assessment: does new evidence on myelodysplastic syndrome justify a new approach? Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:417-432. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1437389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Occupational and Public Health Division, ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A. Robert Schnatter
- Occupational and Public Health Division, ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
- EpiSolutions, LLC, Easton, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gagné JP, Lachapelle S, Garand C, Tsofack SP, Coulombe Y, Caron MC, Poirier GG, Masson JY, Lebel M. Different non-synonymous polymorphisms modulate the interaction of the WRN protein to its protein partners and its enzymatic activities. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85680-85696. [PMID: 27863399 PMCID: PMC5349866 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is characterized by the premature onset of several age-associated pathologies including cancer. The protein defective in WS patients (WRN) is a helicase/exonuclease involved in DNA replication and repair. Here, we present the results of a large-scale proteome analysis that has been undertaken to determine protein partners of different polymorphic WRN proteins found with relatively high prevalence in the human population. We expressed different fluorescently tagged-WRN (eYFP-WRN) variants in human 293 embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and used a combination of affinity-purification and mass spectrometry to identify different compositions of WRN-associated protein complexes. We found that a WRN variant containing a phenylalanine residue at position 1074 and an arginine at position 1367 (eYFP-WRN(F-R)) possesses more affinity for DNA-PKc, KU86, KU70, and PARP1 than a variant containing a leucine at position 1074 and a cysteine at position 1367 (eYFP-WRN(L-C)). Such results were confirmed in a WRN-deficient background using WS fibroblasts. Interestingly, the exonuclase activity of WRN recovered from immunoprecipitated eYFP-WRN(L-C) variant was lower than the eYFP-WRN(F-R) in WS cells. Finally, HEK293 cells and WS fibroblasts overexpressing the eYFP-WRN(F-R) variant were more resistant to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone than cells expressing the eYFP-WRN(L-C) variant. These results indicate that the protein-protein interaction landscape of WRN is subject to modulation by polymorphic amino acids, a characteristic associated with distinctive cell survival outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Lachapelle
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Garand
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Serges P Tsofack
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Coulombe
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Caron
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobti R, Shekari M, Tamandani DK, Kaur P, Suri V, Huria A. Effect of NBS1 Gene Polymorphism on the Risk of Cervix Carcinoma in a Northern Indian Population. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 23:133-9. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common neoplastic diseases affecting women, with a worldwide incidence of almost half a million cases. A history of smoking and use of oral contraceptives have been confirmed to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Genetic susceptibility and immune response, especially impaired cellular immune response, may well be related to the development of cervical cancer. NBS1 is one of the key proteins participating in the recognition and repair of double-strand breaks that may lead to genomic instability and cancer if unrepaired. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate NBS1 Glu185Gln gene polymorphisms and the risk of cervix cancer in a northern Indian population. We found that passive smokers having particular NBS1 genotypes (Glu/Gln, Gln/Gln or Glu/Gln + Gln/Gln) have an increased risk of developing cervix cancer (OR 5.21, p=0.000001; OR 4.60, p=0.001; OR 5.10, p=0.0000009, respectively). The risk was increased 2.4-fold in oral contraceptive users with a Glu/Gln genotype. We conclude that the risk of cervical cancer is increased in passive smokers and in users of oral contraceptives with certain NBS1 genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - M. Shekari
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | | | - P. Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - V. Suri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - A. Huria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh - India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lebel M, Monnat RJ. Werner syndrome (WRN) gene variants and their association with altered function and age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:82-97. [PMID: 29146545 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a heritable autosomal recessive human disorder characterized by the premature onset of several age-associated pathologies including cancer. The protein defective in WS patients, WRN, is encoded by a member of the human RECQ gene family that contains both a DNA exonuclease and a helicase domain. WRN has been shown to participate in several DNA metabolic pathways including DNA replication, recombination and repair, as well as telomere maintenance and transcription modulation. Here we review base pair-level genetic variation that has been documented in WRN, with an emphasis on non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their associations with anthropomorphic features, longevity and disease risk. These associations have been challenging to identify, as many reported WRN SNP associations appear to be further conditioned upon ethnic, age, gender or other environmental co-variables. The WRN variant phenotypic associations identified to date are intriguing, and several are of clear clinical import. Consequently, it will be important to extend these initial associations and to identify the mechanisms and conditions under which specific WRN variants may compromise WRN function to drive cellular and organismal phenotypes as well as disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karaulov AV, Mikhaylova IV, Smolyagin AI, Boev VM, Kalogeraki A, Tsatsakis AM, Engin AB. The immunotoxicological pattern of subchronic and chronic benzene exposure in rats. Toxicol Lett 2017; 275:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
10
|
Shen H, McHale CM, Haider SI, Jung C, Zhang S, Smith MT, Zhang L. Identification of Genes That Modulate Susceptibility to Formaldehyde and Imatinib by Functional Genomic Screening in Human Haploid KBM7 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:10-22. [PMID: 27008852 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though current functional genomic screening systems are useful for investigating human susceptibility to chemical toxicity, they have limitations. Well-established, high-throughput yeast mutant screens identify only evolutionarily conserved processes. RNA interference can be applied in human cells but is limited by incomplete gene knockout and off-target effects. Human haploid cell screening is advantageous as it requires knockdown of only a single copy of each gene. A human haploid cell mutant library (KBM7-Mu), derived from a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient, was recently developed and has been used to identify genes that modulate sensitivity to infectious agents and pharmaceutical drugs. Here, we sought to improve the KBM7-Mu screening process to enable efficient screening of environmental chemicals. We developed a semi-solid medium based screening approach that cultures individual mutant colonies from chemically resistant cells, faster (by 2-3 weeks) and with less labor than the original liquid medium-based approach. As proof of principle, we identified genetic mutants that confer resistance to the carcinogen formaldehyde (FA, 12 genes, 18 hits) and the CML chemotherapeutic agent imatinib (6 genes, 13 hits). Validation experiments conducted on KBM7 mutants lacking each of the 18 genes confirmed resistance of 6 FA mutants (CTC1, FCRLA, GOT1, LPR5, M1AP, and MAP2K5) and 1 imatinib-resistant mutant (LYRM9). Despite the improvements to the method, it remains technically challenging to limit false positive findings. Nonetheless, our findings demonstrate the broad applicability of this optimized haploid approach to screen toxic chemicals to identify novel susceptibility genes and gain insight into potential mechanisms of toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Cliona M McHale
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Syed I Haider
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Cham Jung
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Susie Zhang
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xue P, Gao L, Xiao S, Zhang G, Xiao M, Zhang Q, Zheng X, Cai Y, Jin C, Yang J, Wu S, Lu X. Genetic Polymorphisms in XRCC1, CD3EAP, PPP1R13L, XPB, XPC, and XPF and the Risk of Chronic Benzene Poisoning in a Chinese Occupational Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144458. [PMID: 26681190 PMCID: PMC4683048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Individual variations in the capacity of DNA repair machinery to relieve benzene-induced DNA damage may be the key to developing chronic benzene poisoning (CBP), an increasingly prevalent occupational disease in China. ERCC1 (Excision repair cross complementation group 1) is located on chromosome 19q13.2–3 and participates in the crucial steps of Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER); moreover, we determined that one of its polymorphisms, ERCC1 rs11615, is a biomarker for CBP susceptibility in our previous report. Our aim is to further explore the deeper association between some genetic variations related to ERCC1 polymorphisms and CBP risk. Methods Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing 1), CD3EAP (CD3e molecule, epsilon associated protein), PPP1R13L (protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 13 like), XPB (Xeroderma pigmentosum group B), XPC (Xeroderma pigmentosum group C) and XPF (Xeroderma pigmentosum group F) were genotyped by the Snapshot and TaqMan-MGB® probe techniques, in a study involving 102 CBP patients and 204 controls. The potential interactions between these SNPs and lifestyle factors, such as smoking and drinking, were assessed using a stratified analysis. Results An XRCC1 allele, rs25487, was related to a higher risk of CBP (P<0.001) even after stratifying for potential confounders. Carriers of the TT genotype of XRCC1 rs1799782 who were alcohol drinkers (OR = 8.000; 95% CI: 1.316–48.645; P = 0.022), male (OR = 9.333; 95% CI: 1.593–54.672; P = 0.019), and had an exposure of ≤12 years (OR = 2.612; 95% CI: 1.048–6.510; P = 0.035) had an increased risk of CBP. However, the T allele in PPP1R13L rs1005165 (P<0.05) and the GA allele in CD3EAP rs967591 (OR = 0.162; 95% CI: 0039~0.666; P = 0.037) decreased the risk of CBP in men. The haplotype analysis of XRCC1 indicated that XRCC1 rs25487A, rs25489G and rs1799782T (OR = 15.469; 95% CI: 5.536–43.225; P<0.001) were associated with a high risk of CBP. Conclusions The findings showed that the rs25487 and rs1799782 polymorphisms of XRCC1 may contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to CBP and may be used as valid biomarkers. Overall, the genes on chromosome 19q13.2–3 may have a special significance in the development of CBP in occupationally exposed Chinese populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xue
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Poisoning Department, Shenyang ninth people’s Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Sha Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Guopei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Mingyang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qianye Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
French JE, Gatti DM, Morgan DL, Kissling GE, Shockley KR, Knudsen GA, Shepard KG, Price HC, King D, Witt KL, Pedersen LC, Munger SC, Svenson KL, Churchill GA. Diversity Outbred Mice Identify Population-Based Exposure Thresholds and Genetic Factors that Influence Benzene-Induced Genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:237-45. [PMID: 25376053 PMCID: PMC4348743 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of benzene at levels below the current exposure limit values leads to hematotoxicity in occupationally exposed workers. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate Diversity Outbred (DO) mice as a tool for exposure threshold assessment and to identify genetic factors that influence benzene-induced genotoxicity. METHODS We exposed male DO mice to benzene (0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm; 75 mice/exposure group) via inhalation for 28 days (6 hr/day for 5 days/week). The study was repeated using two independent cohorts of 300 animals each. We measured micronuclei frequency in reticulocytes from peripheral blood and bone marrow and applied benchmark concentration modeling to estimate exposure thresholds. We genotyped the mice and performed linkage analysis. RESULTS We observed a dose-dependent increase in benzene-induced chromosomal damage and estimated a benchmark concentration limit of 0.205 ppm benzene using DO mice. This estimate is an order of magnitude below the value estimated using B6C3F1 mice. We identified a locus on Chr 10 (31.87 Mb) that contained a pair of overexpressed sulfotransferases that were inversely correlated with genotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The genetically diverse DO mice provided a reproducible response to benzene exposure. The DO mice display interindividual variation in toxicity response and, as such, may more accurately reflect the range of response that is observed in human populations. Studies using DO mice can localize genetic associations with high precision. The identification of sulfotransferases as candidate genes suggests that DO mice may provide additional insight into benzene-induced genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E French
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Resources (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lymphohematopoietic cancers induced by chemicals and other agents and their implications for risk evaluation: An overview. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 761:40-64. [PMID: 24731989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphohematopoietic neoplasia are one of the most common types of cancer induced by therapeutic and environmental agents. Of the more than 100 human carcinogens identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, approximately 25% induce leukemias or lymphomas. The objective of this review is to provide an introduction into the origins and mechanisms underlying lymphohematopoietic cancers induced by xenobiotics in humans with an emphasis on acute myeloid leukemia, and discuss the implications of this information for risk assessment. Among the agents causing lymphohematopoietic cancers, a number of patterns were observed. Most physical and chemical leukemia-inducing agents such as the therapeutic alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and ionizing radiation induce mainly acute myeloid leukemia through DNA-damaging mechanisms that result in either gene or chromosomal mutations. In contrast, biological agents and a few immunosuppressive chemicals induce primarily lymphoid neoplasms through mechanisms that involve alterations in immune response. Among the environmental agents examined, benzene was clearly associated with acute myeloid leukemia in humans, with increasing but still limited evidence for an association with lymphoid neoplasms. Ethylene oxide and 1,3-butadiene were linked primarily to lymphoid cancers. Although the association between formaldehyde and leukemia remains controversial, several recent evaluations have indicated a potential link between formaldehyde and acute myeloid leukemia. The four environmental agents examined in detail were all genotoxic, inducing gene mutations, chromosomal alterations, and/or micronuclei in vivo. Although it is clear that rapid progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of leukemogenesis, many questions remain for future research regarding chemically induced leukemias and lymphomas, including the mechanisms by which the environmental agents reviewed here induce these diseases and the risks associated with exposures to such agents.
Collapse
|
14
|
Impairment of cell cycle progression by sterigmatocystin in human pulmonary cells in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Sun R, Zhang J, Yin L, Pu Y. Investigation into variation of endogenous metabolites in bone marrow cells and plasma in C3H/He mice exposed to benzene. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4994-5010. [PMID: 24658442 PMCID: PMC3975436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is identified as a carcinogen. Continued exposure of benzene may eventually lead to damage to the bone marrow, accompanied by pancytopenia, aplastic anemia or leukemia. This paper explores the variations of endogenous metabolites to provide possible clues for the molecular mechanism of benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to investigate the variation of endogenous metabolites in bone marrow cells and plasma of male C3H/He mice. The mice were injected subcutaneously with benzene (0, 300, 600 mg/day) once daily for seven days. The body weights, relative organ weights, blood parameters and bone marrow smears were also analyzed. The results indicated that benzene caused disturbances in the metabolism of oxidation of fatty acids and essential amino acids (lysine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) in bone marrow cells. Moreover, fatty acid oxidation was also disturbed in plasma and thus might be a common disturbed metabolic pathway induced by benzene in multiple organs. This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in benzene hematotoxicity, especially in bone marrow cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McHale CM, Smith MT, Zhang L. Application of toxicogenomic profiling to evaluate effects of benzene and formaldehyde: from yeast to human. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1310:74-83. [PMID: 24571325 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation underlies a significant proportion of the individual variation in human susceptibility to toxicants. The primary current approaches to identify gene-environment (GxE) associations, genome-wide association studies and candidate gene association studies, require large exposed and control populations and an understanding of toxicity genes and pathways, respectively. This limits their application in the study of GxE associations for the leukemogens benzene and formaldehyde, whose toxicity has long been a focus of our research. As an alternative approach, our published work has applied innovative in vitro functional genomics testing systems, including unbiased functional screening assays in yeast and a near-haploid human bone marrow cell line. Through comparative genomic and computational analyses of the resulting data, human genes and pathways that may modulate susceptibility to benzene and formaldehyde were identified, and the roles of several genes in mammalian cell models were validated. In populations occupationally exposed to low levels of benzene, we applied peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomics and chromosome-wide aneuploidy studies in lymphocytes. In this review, we describe our comprehensive toxicogenomic approach and the potential mechanisms of toxicity and susceptibility genes identified for benzene and formaldehyde, as well as related studies conducted by other researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cliona M McHale
- Genes and Environment Laboratory, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen H, Liu J, Wang Y, Lian H, Wang J, Xing L, Yan X, Wang J, Zhang X. Aflatoxin G1-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage and triggers apoptosis through MAPK signaling pathway in A549 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:661-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Xing C, Chen Q, Li G, Zhang L, Zheng M, Zou Z, Hou L, Wang QF, Liu X, Guo X. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) polymorphisms are associated with aberrant promoter methylation of ERCC3 and hematotoxicity in benzene-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:397-405. [PMID: 23797950 DOI: 10.1002/em.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is an important industrial chemical and widespread environmental pollutant known to induce leukemia and other blood disorders. To be carcinogenic, benzene must be metabolized to produce toxic metabolites. To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the metabolic enzyme genes are associated with benzene-induced alterations in DNA methylation and hematotoxicity, we genotyped four commonly studied SNPs in three metabolic enzymes genes CYP1A1, EPHX1 and NQO1; and analyzed promoter DNA methylation status in 11 genes which have been reported to be associated with benzene-induced hematotoxicity (BLM, CYP1A1, EPHX1, ERCC3, NQO1, NUDT1, p15, p16, RAD51, TP53 and WRAP53) in 77 benzene-exposed workers and 25 unexposed controls in China. ERCC3, a DNA repair gene, showed a small but statistically significant increase of promoter DNA methylation in the exposed group compared with the unexposed group (mean ± SD: 4.73 ± 3.46% vs. 3.63 ± 1.96%, P = 0.048). We also observed that an increased number of C allele for rs1051740 in EPHX1 was associated with decreased ERCC3 methylation levels in benzene-exposed workers (P(trend) = 0.001), but not in unexposed controls (P(trend) = 0.379). Interestingly, another EPHX1 SNP (rs2234922) was associated with lower white blood cell (WBC) counts (P(trend) = 0.044) in benzene-exposed workers. These associations remained the same when ERCC3 promoter methylation and WBCs were dichotomized according to the 90th percentile (≥6%) of methylation levels in controls and a leucopenia cutoff (<4 × 10(9) /L), respectively. Our findings suggest that benzene exposure may be associated with hypermethylation in ERCC3, and that genetic variants in EPHX1 may play an important role in epigenetic changes and hematotoxicity among benzene-exposed workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rossi S, Motta C, Studer V, Monteleone F, De Chiara V, Buttari F, Barbieri F, Bernardi G, Battistini L, Cutter G, Stüve O, Salvetti M, Centonze D. A genetic variant of the anti-apoptotic protein Akt predicts natalizumab-induced lymphocytosis and post-natalizumab multiple sclerosis reactivation. Mult Scler 2012; 19:59-68. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458512448106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients discontinuing natalizumab treatment are at risk of disease reactivation. No clinical or surrogate parameters exist to identify patients at risk of post-natalizumab MS reactivation. Objective: To determine the role of natalizumab-induced lymphocytosis and of Akt polymorphisms in disease reactivation after natalizumab discontinuation. Methods: Peripheral leukocyte count and composition were monitored in 93 MS patients during natalizumab treatment, and in 56 of these subjects who discontinued the treatment. Genetic variants of the anti-apoptotic protein Akt were determined in all subjects because natalizumab modulates the apoptotic pathway and lymphocyte survival is regulated by the apoptotic cascade. Results: Natalizumab-induced peripheral lymphocytosis protected from post-natalizumab MS reactivation. Subjects who relapsed or had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) worsening after treatment cessation, in fact, had milder peripheral lymphocyte increases during the treatment, largely caused by less marked T cell increase. Furthermore, subjects carrying a variant of the gene coding for Akt associated with reduced anti-apoptotic efficiency (rs2498804T) had lower lymphocytosis and higher risk of disease reactivation. Conclusion: This study identified one functionally meaningful genetic variant within the Akt signaling pathway that is associated with both lymphocyte count and composition alterations during natalizumab treatment, and with the risk of disease reactivation after natalizumab discontinuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rossi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Valeria Studer
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Monteleone
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Valentina De Chiara
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbieri
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bernardi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatiscs, University of Alabama, USA
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurologica Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello/ Fondazione Santa Lucia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Djurhuus R, Nossum V, Øvrebø S, Skaug V. Proposal on limits for chemical exposure in saturation divers' working atmosphere: the case of benzene. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:211-29. [PMID: 22304480 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.650791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Saturation diving is performed under extreme environmental conditions. The divers are confined to a limited space for several weeks under high environmental pressure and elevated oxygen partial pressure. At present, divers are protected against chemical exposure by standard exposure limits only adjusted for the increased exposure length, i.e. from 8 to 24 hours a day and from 5 to 7 days a week. The objective of the present study was to indicate a procedure for derivation of occupational exposure limits for saturation diving, termed hyperbaric exposure limits (HEL). Using benzene as an example, a procedure is described that includes identification of the latest key documents, extensive literature search with defined exclusion criteria for the literature retrieved. Hematotoxicity and leukemia were defined as the critical effects, and exposure limits based upon concentration and cumulative exposure data and corresponding risks of leukemia were calculated. Possible interactions of high pressure, elevated pO₂, and continuous exposure have been assessed, and incorporated in a final suggestion of a HEL for benzene. The procedure should be applicable for other relevant chemicals in the divers' breathing atmosphere. It is emphasized that the lack of interactions from pressure and oxygen indicated for benzene may be completely different for other chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rune Djurhuus
- Norwegian Underwater Intervention AS (NUI AS), Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
McHale CM, Zhang L, Smith MT. Current understanding of the mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia in humans: implications for risk assessment. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:240-52. [PMID: 22166497 PMCID: PMC3271273 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene causes acute myeloid leukemia and probably other hematological malignancies. As benzene also causes hematotoxicity even in workers exposed to levels below the US permissible occupational exposure limit of 1 part per million, further assessment of the health risks associated with its exposure, particularly at low levels, is needed. Here, we describe the probable mechanism by which benzene induces leukemia involving the targeting of critical genes and pathways through the induction of genetic, chromosomal or epigenetic abnormalities and genomic instability, in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC); stromal cell dysregulation; apoptosis of HSCs and stromal cells and altered proliferation and differentiation of HSCs. These effects modulated by benzene-induced oxidative stress, aryl hydrocarbon receptor dysregulation and reduced immunosurveillance, lead to the generation of leukemic stem cells and subsequent clonal evolution to leukemia. A mode of action (MOA) approach to the risk assessment of benzene was recently proposed. This approach is limited, however, by the challenges of defining a simple stochastic MOA of benzene-induced leukemogenesis and of identifying relevant and quantifiable parameters associated with potential key events. An alternative risk assessment approach is the application of toxicogenomics and systems biology in human populations, animals and in vitro models of the HSC stem cell niche, exposed to a range of levels of benzene. These approaches will inform our understanding of the mechanisms of benzene toxicity and identify additional biomarkers of exposure, early effect and susceptibility useful for risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang L, Li Y, Cheng M, Huang D, Zheng J, Liu B, Ling X, Li Q, Zhang X, Ji W, Zhou Y, Lu J. A functional polymorphism at microRNA-629-binding site in the 3'-untranslated region of NBS1 gene confers an increased risk of lung cancer in Southern and Eastern Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:338-47. [PMID: 22114071 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic variations in NBS1 gene have been reported to be associated with cancer risk. The polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of NBS1 might affect gene's function and thus contribute to cancer susceptibility. We hypothesized that these polymorphisms of NBS1 are associated with the lung cancer risk. In two independent case-control studies conducted in Southern and Eastern Chinese, we genotyped three tagSNPs (rs14448, rs13312986 and rs2735383) in Southern Chinese and then validated the discovered association in Eastern Chinese. No significant association was observed for rs13312986 and rs14448; we only found that the rs2735383CC genotype had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer under a recessive genetic model in the total 1559 cases versus 1679 controls (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.66, P = 0.0001) when compared with GG or GC genotypes; the rs2735383CC genotype carriers had lower messenger RNA and protein expression levels in tumor tissues than those of other genotypes as quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot shown. Luciferase assay revealed that the rs2735383C allele had a lower transcription activity than G allele, and the hsa-miR-629 but not hsa-miR-499-5P had effect on modulation of NBS1 gene in vitro. We further observed that the X-ray radiation induced more chromatid breaks in lymphocyte cells from the carriers of rs2735383CC homozygote than those from the subjects with other genotypes (P = 0.0008). Our data suggested that the rs2735383G>C variation contributes to an increased risk of lung cancer by diminishing gene's expression through binding of microRNA-629 to the polymorphic site in the 3'-UTR of NBS1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang M. A current global view of environmental and occupational cancers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:223-249. [PMID: 21929381 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.601848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on current information of avoidable environmental pollution and occupational exposure as causes of cancer. Approximately 2% to 8% of all cancers are thought to be due to occupation. In addition, occupational and environmental cancers have their own characteristics, e.g., specific chemicals and cancers, multiple factors, multiple causation and interaction, or latency period. Concerning carcinogens, asbestos/silica/wood dust, soot/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [benzo(a) pyrene], heavy metals (arsenic, chromium, nickel), aromatic amines (4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine), organic solvents (benzene or vinyl chloride), radiation/radon, or indoor pollutants (formaldehyde, tobacco smoking) are mentioned with their specific cancers, e.g., lung, skin, and bladder cancers, mesothelioma or leukemia, and exposure routes, rubber or pigment manufacturing, textile, painting, insulation, mining, and so on. In addition, nanoparticles, electromagnetic waves, and climate changes are suspected as future carcinogenic sources. Moreover, the aspects of environmental and occupational cancers are quite different between developing and developed countries. The recent follow-up of occupational cancers in Nordic countries shows a good example for developed countries. On the other hand, newly industrializing countries face an increased burden of occupational and environmental cancers. Developing countries are particularly suffering from preventable cancers in mining, agriculture, or industries without proper implication of safety regulations. Therefore, industrialized countries are expected to educate and provide support for developing countries. In addition, citizens can encounter new environmental and occupational carcinogen nominators such as nanomaterials, electromagnetic wave, and climate exchanges. As their carcinogenicity or involvement in carcinogenesis is not clearly unknown, proper consideration for them should be taken into account. For these purposes, new technologies with a balance of environment and gene are required. Currently, various approaches with advanced technologies--genomics, exposomics, etc.--have accelerated development of new biomarkers for biological monitoring of occupational and environmental carcinogens. These advanced approaches are promising to improve quality of life and to prevent occupational and environmental cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Comparison of proliferation and genomic instability responses to WRN silencing in hematopoietic HL60 and TK6 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14546. [PMID: 21267443 PMCID: PMC3022623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Werner syndrome (WS) results from defects in the RecQ helicase (WRN) and is characterized by premature aging and accelerated tumorigenesis. Contradictorily, WRN deficient human fibroblasts derived from WS patients show a characteristically slower cell proliferation rate, as do primary fibroblasts and human cancer cell lines with WRN depletion. Previous studies reported that WRN silencing in combination with deficiency in other genes led to significantly accelerated cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of silencing WRN in p53 deficient HL60 and p53 wild-type TK6 hematopoietic cells, in order to further the understanding of WRN-associated tumorigenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that silencing WRN accelerated the proliferation of HL60 cells and decreased the cell growth rate of TK6 cells. Loss of WRN increased DNA damage in both cell types as measured by COMET assay, but elicited different responses in each cell line. In HL60 cells, but not in TK6 cells, the loss of WRN led to significant increases in levels of phosphorylated RB and numbers of cells progressing from G1 phase to S phase as shown by cell cycle analysis. Moreover, WRN depletion in HL60 cells led to the hyper-activation of homologous recombination repair via up-regulation of RAD51 and BLM protein levels. This resulted in DNA damage disrepair, apparent by the increased frequencies of both spontaneous and chemically induced structural chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. Conclusions/Significance Together, our data suggest that the effects of WRN silencing on cell proliferation and genomic instability are modulated probably by other genetic factors, including p53, which might play a role in the carcinogenesis induced by WRN deficiency.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hang B. Formation and repair of tobacco carcinogen-derived bulky DNA adducts. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010:709521. [PMID: 21234336 PMCID: PMC3017938 DOI: 10.4061/2010/709521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA adducts play a central role in chemical carcinogenesis. The analysis of formation and repair of smoking-related DNA adducts remains particularly challenging as both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to smoke are repetitively under attack from complex mixtures of carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-nitrosamines. The bulky DNA adducts, which usually have complex structure, are particularly important because of their biological relevance. Several known cellular DNA repair pathways have been known to operate in human cells on specific types of bulky DNA adducts, for example, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and direct reversal involving O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase or AlkB homologs. Understanding the mechanisms of adduct formation and repair processes is critical for the assessment of cancer risk resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke, and ultimately for developing strategies of cancer prevention. This paper highlights the recent progress made in the areas concerning formation and repair of bulky DNA adducts in the context of tobacco carcinogen-associated genotoxic and carcinogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hang
- Life Sciences Division, Department of Cancer and DNA Damage Responses, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kundu M, Ghosh P, Mitra S, Das JK, Sau TJ, Banerjee S, States JC, Giri AK. Precancerous and non-cancer disease endpoints of chronic arsenic exposure: the level of chromosomal damage and XRCC3 T241M polymorphism. Mutat Res 2010; 706:7-12. [PMID: 21035470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants are expected to play an important role in arsenic susceptibility. Our previous study revealed deficient DNA repair capacity to be a susceptibility factor for arsenicism. T241M polymorphism in XRCC3 (a homologous recombination repair pathway gene) is widely studied for its association with several cancers. We have investigated the association of XRCC3 T241M polymorphism with arsenic-induced precancerous and non-cancer disease outcomes. The present study evaluated the association of T241M polymorphism with arsenic-induced skin lesions, peripheral neuropathy (neurodegenerative changes), conjunctivitis and other ocular diseases. A case-control study was conducted in West Bengal, India, involving 206 cases with arsenic-induced skin lesions and 215 controls without arsenic-induced skin lesions having similar arsenic exposure. XRCC3 T241M polymorphism was determined using conventional PCR-sequencing method. Chromosomal aberration assay, arsenic-induced neuropathy and ocular diseases were also evaluated. The data revealed that presence of at least one Met allele (Met/Met or Thr/Met) was protective towards development of arsenic-induced skin lesions [OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.30-0.67], peripheral neuropathy [OR=0.49; 95%CI: 0.30-0.82] and conjunctivitis [OR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.40-0.92]. A significant correlation was also observed between protective genotype and decreased frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Thus the results indicate the protective role of Met allele against the arsenic-induced skin lesions, chromosomal instability, peripheral neuropathy and conjunctivitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Kundu
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang L, McHale CM, Rothman N, Li G, Ji Z, Vermeulen R, Hubbard AE, Ren X, Shen M, Rappaport SM, North M, Skibola CF, Yin S, Vulpe C, Chanock SJ, Smith MT, Lan Q. Systems biology of human benzene exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:86-93. [PMID: 20026094 PMCID: PMC2846187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Toxicogenomic studies, including genome-wide analyses of susceptibility genes (genomics), gene expression (transcriptomics), protein expression (proteomics), and epigenetic modifications (epigenomics), of human populations exposed to benzene are crucial to understanding gene-environment interactions, providing the ability to develop biomarkers of exposure, early effect and susceptibility. Comprehensive analysis of these toxicogenomic and epigenomic profiles by bioinformatics in the context of phenotypic endpoints, comprises systems biology, which has the potential to comprehensively define the mechanisms by which benzene causes leukemia. We have applied this approach to a molecular epidemiology study of workers exposed to benzene. Hematotoxicity, a significant decrease in almost all blood cell counts, was identified as a phenotypic effect of benzene that occurred even below 1 ppm benzene exposure. We found a significant decrease in the formation of progenitor colonies arising from bone marrow stem cells with increasing benzene exposure, showing that progenitor cells are more sensitive to the effects of benzene than mature blood cells, likely leading to the observed hematotoxicity. Analysis of transcriptomics by microarray in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of exposed workers, identified genes and pathways (apoptosis, immune response, and inflammatory response) altered at high (>10 ppm) and low (<1 ppm) benzene levels. Serum proteomics by SELDI-TOF-MS revealed proteins consistently down-regulated in exposed workers. Preliminary epigenomics data showed effects of benzene on the DNA methylation of specific genes. Genomic screens for candidate genes involved in susceptibility to benzene toxicity are being undertaken in yeast, with subsequent confirmation by RNAi in human cells, to expand upon the findings from candidate gene analyses. Data on these and future biomarkers will be used to populate a large toxicogenomics database, to which we will apply bioinformatic approaches to understand the interactions among benzene toxicity, susceptibility genes, mRNA, and DNA methylation through a systems biology approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hartwig A. The role of DNA repair in benzene-induced carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:269-72. [PMID: 20056111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a well-known human carcinogen, but the ultimate mode of action is still not known. Several reactive metabolites have been identified, including benzene oxide, phenol, hydrochinone, catechol and benzoquinones, generating different types of DNA lesions. Furthermore, the latter three metabolites may lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to redox cycling, which give rise to oxidative DNA lesions and altered signaling pathways. Also, the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II may result in DNA double strand breaks. Even though the exact contribution of the respective metabolites to benzene-induced carcinogenicity is not yet resolved, the major DNA repair pathways such as base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER) and double strand break (DSB) repair are involved in the removal of benzene-induced DNA lesions. The observed target organ specificity may result from increased adduct formation, but also from poor repair in bone marrow progenitor cells. While especially excision repair pathways are predominantly error-free and thus protective, DSB repair is largely error prone and may contribute to benzene-induced genomic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartwig
- Fachgebiet Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barreto G, Madureira D, Capani F, Aon-Bertolino L, Saraceno E, Alvarez-Giraldez LD. The role of catechols and free radicals in benzene toxicity: an oxidative DNA damage pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:771-80. [PMID: 19449395 DOI: 10.1002/em.20500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a widespread volatile compound and an environmental contaminant. Since it causes important toxic effects in workers exposed to low levels, long-term exposure to this compound has been extensively studied. Leukemia, blood disorders, bone marrow depression, and some types of cancer are directly related to benzene-initiated toxicity. Bioactivation of benzene can lead to the formation of hazardous metabolites such as phenol, hydroquinone, and catechol. Catechol forms semiquinones and reactive quinones that are presumed to play an important role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS formation can directly induce single and double strand breaks in the DNA, oxidized nucleotides, and hyper-recombination, and consequently produces deleterious genetic changes. In this review, we have addressed the cytotoxic effects of benzene and its main metabolite, catechol, focusing on the oxidative pathway and further DNA damage.
Collapse
|
30
|
Vlaanderen J, Moore LE, Smith MT, Lan Q, Zhang L, Skibola CF, Rothman N, Vermeulen R. Application of OMICS technologies in occupational and environmental health research; current status and projections. Occup Environ Med 2009; 67:136-43. [PMID: 19933307 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.042788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OMICS technologies are relatively new biomarker discovery tools that can be applied to study large sets of biological molecules. Their application in human observational studies (HOS) has become feasible in recent years due to a spectacular increase in the sensitivity, resolution and throughput of OMICS-based assays. Although, the number of OMICS techniques is ever expanding, the five most developed OMICS technologies are genotyping, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics. These techniques have been applied in HOS to various extents. However, their application in occupational environmental health (OEH) research has been limited. Here, we will discuss the opportunities these new techniques provide for OEH research. In addition we will address difficulties and limitations to the interpretation of the data that is generated by OMICS technologies. To illustrate the current status of the application of OMICS in OEH research, we will provide examples of studies that used OMICS technologies to investigate human health effects of two well-known toxicants, benzene and arsenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, University Utrecht, Po Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hosgood HD, Zhang L, Shen M, Berndt SI, Vermeulen R, Li G, Yin S, Yeager M, Yuenger J, Rothman N, Chanock S, Smith M, Lan Q. Association between genetic variants in VEGF, ERCC3 and occupational benzene haematotoxicity. Occup Environ Med 2009; 66:848-53. [PMID: 19773279 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.044024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzene is an established human haematotoxin, with substantial interindividual variation in benzene-induced toxicity. METHODS To further examine if genetic variation contributes to benzene haematotoxicity, we analysed 1023 tagSNPs in 121 gene regions important for benzene metabolism, haematopoiesis, leukaemia and lymphoma among 250 workers exposed to benzene and 140 unexposed controls in a cross-sectional study carried out in China. Linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and total white blood cell (WBC) count and its subtypes, adjusting for potential confounders and occupational exposure to benzene and toluene among exposed workers. The minp test assessed the association on the gene region level. The false discovery rate method was used to control for multiple comparisons. RESULTS VEGF (minp = 0.0030) and ERCC3 (minp = 0.0042) were the most significantly associated gene regions with altered WBC counts among benzene-exposed workers, after accounting for multiple comparisons. Highly significant changes were also found for WBC subtype counts, including granulocytes, CD4+ T cells and lymphocytes for VEGF and granulocytes and NK cells for ERCC3. Further, in workers exposed to <1 ppm, a SNP in VEGF was associated with changes in WBC and granulocyte counts, and SNPs in ERCC3 were associated with changes in WBC, NK cell and granulocyte counts. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that genetic variation in VEGF, which plays an important role in blood vessel growth, and ERCC3, which is a member of the DNA repair pathway and is responsible for repairing bulky DNA adducts formed by chemicals, may contribute to individual susceptibility to benzene-induced haematotoxicity at relatively low levels of benzene exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H D Hosgood
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun P, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Wan J, Wang T, Jin X, Lan Q, Rothman N, Xia ZL. Association of genetic polymorphisms, mRNA expression of p53 and p21 with chronic benzene poisoning in a chinese occupational population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1821-8. [PMID: 19505915 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage induced by benzene reactive metabolites is thought of as an important mechanism underlying benzene hematotoxicity and genotoxicity, and genetic variation in cell-cycle control genes may contribute to susceptibility to chronic benzene poisoning (CBP). Using a case-control study that included 307 benzene-poisoned patients and 299 workers occupationally exposed to benzene in south China, we aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of p53 and p21 and the odds of CBP. To investigate whether benzene exposure may influence mRNA expression of p53 and p21 in benzene-exposed workers, we also chose 39 CBP workers, 38 occupationally benzene-exposure workers, and 37 nonexposure workers in the same region of China. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to detect polymorphisms of p53 (rs17878362, rs1042522, and rs1625895) and p21 (rs1801270 and rs1059234), and real-time PCR was applied to detect the quantity of gene mRNA expression. We found that p21 C98A variant genotypes (CA+AA) or C70T variant genotypes (CT+TT) were associated with decreased odds of CBP [odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.32-0.83, and OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.95, respectively. Further analysis showed the decreased odds of CBP in the subjects with p21 CC/AT diplotype (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30-0.85). In addition, p53 mRNA expression of CBP workers or benzene-exposure workers was significantly lower than that of nonexposure workers. Although these results require confirmation and extension, our results show that polymorphisms in p21 may be protective against the risk of CBP in the Chinese occupational population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Sun
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lu M, Lu J, Yang X, Yang M, Tan H, Yun B, Shi L. Association between the NBS1 E185Q polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:124. [PMID: 19393077 PMCID: PMC2680905 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NBS1 is a key DNA repair protein in the homologous recombination repair pathway and a signal modifier in the intra-S phase checkpoint that plays important roles in maintaining genomic stability. The NBS1 8360G>C (Glu185Gln) is one of the most commonly studied polymorphisms of the gene for their association with risk of cancers, but the results are conflicting. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis using 16 eligible case-control studies (including 17 data sets) with a total of 9,734 patients and 10,325 controls to summarize the data on the association between the NBS1 8360G>C (E185Q) polymorphism and cancer risk. RESULTS Compared with the common 8360GG genotype, the carriers of variant genotypes (i.e., 8360 GC/CC) had a 1.06-fold elevated risk of cancer (95% CI = 1.00-1.12, P = 0.05) in a dominant genetic model as estimated in a fixed effect model. However, the association was not found in an additive genetic model (CC vs GG) (odds ratio, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.85-1.13, P = 0.78) nor in a recessive genetic model (CC vs GC +GG) (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.82-1.07, P = 0.36). The effect of the 8360G>C (E185Q) polymorphism was further evaluated in stratification analysis. It was demonstrated that the increased risk of cancer associated with 8360G>C variant genotypes was more pronounced in the Caucasians (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.14, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that the NBS1 E185Q variant genotypes (8360 GC/CC) might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, especially in Caucasians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and The MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and The MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Miao Yang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and The MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Hao Tan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and The MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Bai Yun
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and The MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Luyuan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Changes in the peripheral blood transcriptome associated with occupational benzene exposure identified by cross-comparison on two microarray platforms. Genomics 2009; 93:343-9. [PMID: 19162166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an established cause of leukemia, and possibly lymphoma, in humans, but the underlying molecular pathways remain largely undetermined. We used two microarray platforms to identify global gene expression changes associated with well-characterized occupational benzene exposure in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a population of shoe-factory workers. Differential expression of 2692 genes (Affymetrix) and 1828 genes (Illumina) was found and the concordance was 50% (based on an average fold-change > or =1.3 from the two platforms), with similar expression ratios among the concordant genes. Four genes (CXCL16, ZNF331, JUN and PF4), which we previously identified by microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR, were among the top 100 genes identified by both platforms in the current study. Gene ontology analysis showed overrepresentation of genes involved in apoptosis among the concordant genes while pathway analysis identified pathways related to lipid metabolism. The two-platform approach allows for robust changes in the PBMC transcriptome of benzene-exposed individuals to be identified.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ren X, Lim S, Smith MT, Zhang L. Werner syndrome protein, WRN, protects cells from DNA damage induced by the benzene metabolite hydroquinone. Toxicol Sci 2008; 107:367-75. [PMID: 19064679 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal progeroid disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the WRN (Werner syndrome protein), a member of the RecQ family of helicases with a role in maintaining genomic stability. Genetic association studies have previously suggested a link between WRN and susceptibility to benzene-induced hematotoxicity. To further explore the role of WRN in benzene-induced hematotoxicity, we used short hairpin RNA to silence endogenous levels of WRN in the human HL60 acute promyelocytic cell line and subsequently exposed the cells to hydroquinone (HQ). Suppression of WRN led to an accelerated cell growth rate, increased susceptibility to hydroquinone-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as measured by the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, and an enhanced DNA damage response. More specifically, loss of WRN resulted in higher levels of early apoptosis, marked by increases in relative levels of cleaved caspase-7 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, in cells treated with HQ compared with control cells. Our data suggests that WRN plays an important role in the surveillance of and protection against DNA damage induced by HQ. This provides mechanistic support for the link between WRN and benzene-induced hematotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Ren
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lan Q, Zhang L, Shen M, Jo WJ, Vermeulen R, Li G, Vulpe C, Lim S, Ren X, Rappaport SM, Berndt SI, Yeager M, Yuenger J, Hayes RB, Linet M, Yin S, Chanock S, Smith MT, Rothman N. Large-scale evaluation of candidate genes identifies associations between DNA repair and genomic maintenance and development of benzene hematotoxicity. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:50-8. [PMID: 18978339 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is an established human hematotoxicant and leukemogen but its mechanism of action is unclear. To investigate the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on benzene-induced hematotoxicity, we analyzed 1395 SNPs in 411 genes using an Illumina GoldenGate assay in 250 benzene-exposed workers and 140 unexposed controls. Highly significant findings clustered in five genes (BLM, TP53, RAD51, WDR79 and WRN) that play a critical role in DNA repair and genomic maintenance, and these regions were then further investigated with tagSNPs. One or more SNPs in each gene were associated with highly significant 10-20% reductions (P values ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0002) in the white blood cell (WBC) count among benzene-exposed workers but not controls, with evidence for gene-environment interactions for SNPs in BLM, WRN and RAD51. Further, among workers exposed to benzene, the genotype-associated risk of having a WBC count <4000 cells/microl increased when using individuals with progressively higher WBC counts as the comparison group, with some odds ratios >8-fold. In vitro functional studies revealed that deletion of SGS1 in yeast, equivalent to lacking BLM and WRN function in humans, caused reduced cellular growth in the presence of the toxic benzene metabolite hydroquinone, and knockdown of WRN using specific short hairpin RNA increased susceptibility of human TK6 cells to hydroquinone toxicity. Our findings suggest that SNPs involved in DNA repair and genomic maintenance, with particular clustering in the homologous DNA recombination pathway, play an important role in benzene-induced hematotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Innocenti F, Mirkov S, Nagasubramanian R, Ramírez J, Liu W, Bleibel WK, Shukla SJ, Hennessy K, Rosner GL, Cook E, Eileen Dolan M, Ratain MJ. The Werner's syndrome 4330T>C (Cys1367Arg) gene variant does not affect the in vitro cytotoxicity of topoisomerase inhibitors and platinum compounds. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 63:881-7. [PMID: 18677484 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Werner's syndrome (WS) is a recessive disorder of premature onset of processes associated with aging. Defective DNA repair has been reported after exposure of cells isolated from WS patients to DNA-damaging agents. The germline 4330T>C (Cys1367Arg) variant in the WS gene (WRN) has been associated with protection from age-related diseases, suggesting it has a functional role. We studied whether the 4330T>C variant confers altered drug sensitivity in vitro. METHODS 4330T>C was genotyped in 372 human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from unrelated healthy Caucasian individuals using a TaqMan-based method. The study was powered to detect the effect of the 4330T>C genotypes after exposure to camptothecin (based upon preliminary data). The effect of the 4330T>C variant on the cytotoxicity of etoposide, carboplatin, cisplatin and daunorubicin was also tested. WRN expression in 57 LCLs was measured by microarray. RESULTS No significant difference between the IC50 of the cells was observed among genotypes (P = 0.46) after exposure to camptothecin. No association was also observed for etoposide, carboplatin, cisplatin, and daunorubicin (ANOVA, P > 0.05). WRN expression also did not vary across genotypes (ANOVA, P = 0.37). CONCLUSION These results suggest that this nonsynonymous variant has relatively normal function at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Innocenti
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hsieh YY, Bau DT, Chang CC, Tsai CH, Chen CP, Tsai FJ. XRCC4 codon 247*A and XRCC4 promoter -1394*T related genotypes but not XRCC4 intron 3 gene polymorphism are associated with higher susceptibility for endometriosis. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:946-51. [PMID: 18246529 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair systems act to maintain genome integrity in the face of replication errors, environmental insults, and the cumulative effects of age. Genetic variants in DNA repair genes such as X-ray repair cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) might influence the ability to repair damaged DNA. Herein we aimed to investigate whether some XRCC4-related polymorphisms were associated with endometriosis susceptibility. Women were divided: (1) severe endometriosis (rAFS stage IV, n = 136) and (2) nonendometriosis groups (n = 112). The polymorphisms of XRCC4 codon 247, XRCC4 promoter -1394, and XRCC4 intron 3 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism were amplified by PCR and detected by electrophoresis after restriction enzyme (BBS I, Hinc II) digestions. Genotypes and allelic frequencies in both groups were compared. We observed that XRCC4 codon 247*A and XRCC4 promoter -1394*T related genotypes, but not XRCC4 intron 3 I/D polymorphism, are associated with higher susceptibility for endometriosis. Distributions of XRCC4 codon 247*C homozygote/heterozygote/A homozygote, and C/A allele in both groups were: (1) 89/9.5/1.5% and 93.7/6.3%; (2) 97.3/2.7/0%, and 98.7/1.3% (P < 0.05). Proportions of XRCC4 promoter -1394*T homozygote/heterozygote/G homozygote and T/G allele in both groups were: (1) 94.1/5.2/0.7% and 96.7/3.3%, and (2) 79.4/17.9/2.7% and 88.4/11.6% (P < 0.005). Proportions of XRCC4*I homozygote/heterozygote/D homozygote and A/C allele in both groups were: (1) 67.6/30.9/1.5% and 83.2/16.8%, and (2) 70.5/24.1/5.4% and 82.6/17.4% (nondifference). We conclude that XRCC4 codon 247*A and XRCC4 promoter -1394*T related genotypes and alleles, but not XRCC4 intron 3 I/D polymorphism, might be associated with endometriosis susceptibilities and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yen CY, Liu SY, Chen CH, Tseng HF, Chuang LY, Yang CH, Lin YC, Wen CH, Chiang WF, Ho CH, Chen HC, Wang ST, Lin CW, Chang HW. Combinational polymorphisms of four DNA repair genes XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3, and XRCC4 and their association with oral cancer in Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:271-7. [PMID: 18410587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be associated with oral cancer but the biological interactions through SNPs are seldom addressed. In this study, we focused on the joint effect for SNP combinations of four DNA repair genes, X-ray repair cross-complementing groups (XRCCs) 1-4, involved in major cancer-related pathways. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was determined using by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in this study (case = 103, control = 98). Different numbers of combinational SNPs with genotypes called the pseudo-haplotypes from these chromosome-wide genes were used to evaluate their joint effect on oral cancer risk. RESULTS Except for XRCC2 rs2040639-AG, none of these SNPs was found to individually contribute to oral cancer risk. However, for two combined SNPs, the proportion of subjects with oral cancer was significantly higher in the pseudo-haplotype with AG-CC genotypes in rs2040639-rs861539 (XRCC2-XRCC3) compared with those with non-AG-CC genotypes. Similarly, the pseudo-haplotype of rs2040639-rs861539-rs2075685 (XRCC2-XRCC3-XRCC4) and rs2040639-rs861539-rs2075685-rs1799782 (XRCCs 1-4) with specific genotype pattern (AG-CC-TG and CT-AG-CC-TG) among three and four combinational SNPs were significantly associated with oral cancer. After controlling for age, gender, smoking, drinking, and betel nut chewing, the estimated odds ratio of oral cancer were 2.45, 5.03, and 10.10 for two, three and four specific SNP combinations, respectively, comparing these specific pseudo-haplotypes to their corresponding non-pseudo-haplotypes. CONCLUSION We have identified the potential combined XRCCs 1-4 SNPs with genotypes that were associated with oral cancer risk and may have an impact on identification of a high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, and School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Garte S, Taioli E, Popov T, Bolognesi C, Farmer P, Merlo F. Genetic susceptibility to benzene toxicity in humans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2008; 71:1482-1489. [PMID: 18836923 DOI: 10.1080/15287390802349974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Human metabolism of benzene involves pathways coded for by polymorphic genes. To determine whether the genotype at these loci might influence susceptibility to the adverse effects of benzene exposure, 208 Bulgarian petrochemical workers and controls, whose exposure to benzene was determined by active personal sampling, were studied. The frequency of DNA single-strand breaks (DNA-SSB) was determined by alkaline elution, and genotype analysis was performed for five metabolic loci. Individuals carrying the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) variant had significantly twofold increased DNA-SSB levels compared to wild-type individuals. The same result was observed for subjects with microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX) genotypes that predict the fast catalytic phenotype. Deletion of the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene also showed a consistent quantitative 35-40% rise in DNA-SSB levels. Neither glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) nor myeloperoxidase (MPO) genetic variants exerted any effect on DNA-SSB levels. Combinations of two genetic polymorphisms showed the same effects on DNA-SSB as expected from the data on single genotypes. The three locus genotype predicted to produce the highest level of toxicity, based on metabolic pathways, produced a significant 5.5-fold higher level of DNA-SSB than did the genotype predicted to yield the least genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seymour Garte
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kirkeleit J, Riise T, Bråtveit M, Moen BE. Increased risk of acute myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma in a historical cohort of upstream petroleum workers exposed to crude oil. Cancer Causes Control 2007; 19:13-23. [PMID: 17906934 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-007-9065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzene exposure has been shown to be related to acute myelogenous leukemia, while the association with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been a much-debated issue. We performed a historical cohort study to investigate whether workers employed in Norway's upstream petroleum industry exposed to crude oil and other products containing benzene have an increased risk of developing various subtypes of hematologic neoplasms. Using the Norwegian Registry of Employers and Employees we included all 27,919 offshore workers registered from 1981 to 2003 and 366,114 referents from the general working population matched by gender, age, and community of residence. The cohort was linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Workers in the job category "upstream operator offshore", having the most extensive contact with crude oil, had an excess risk of hematologic neoplasms (blood and bone marrow) (rate ratio (RR) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.19-3.02). This was ascribed to an increased risk of acute myelogenous leukemia (RR 2.89, 95% CI: 1.25-6.67) and multiple myeloma (RR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.21-5.13). There were no statistical differences between the groups in respect to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The results suggest that benzene exposure, which most probably caused the increased risk of acute myelogenous leukemia, also resulted in an increased risk of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Section for Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Galván N, Lim S, Zmugg S, Smith MT, Zhang L. Depletion of WRN enhances DNA damage in HeLa cells exposed to the benzene metabolite, hydroquinone. Mutat Res 2007; 649:54-61. [PMID: 17875398 PMCID: PMC3461953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a progeroid disorder caused by mutations of the WRN gene. The encoded WRN protein belongs to the family of RecQ helicases that plays a role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in WRN have been associated with an increased risk for some cancers and were recently linked to benzene hematotoxicity. To further address the role of WRN in benzene toxicity, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) to silence endogenous WRN in HeLa cells and examined the susceptibility of these WRN-depleted cells to the toxic effects of the benzene metabolite hydroquinone. HeLa cells were used as the experimental model because RNAi is highly effective in this system producing almost complete depletion of the target protein. Depletion of WRN led to a decrease in cell proliferation and an enhanced susceptibility to hydroquinone cytotoxicity as revealed by an increase in necrosis. WRN-depleted HeLa cells treated with hydroquinone also displayed an increase in the amount of DNA double-strand breaks as determined by the Comet assay, and an elevated DNA damage response as indicated by the sevenfold induction of gammaH2AX and acetyl-p53 (Lys373 and Lys382) over control levels. Together, these results show that WRN plays an important role in the protection of HeLa cells against the toxicity of the benzene metabolite hydroquinone, specifically in mounting a normal DNA damage response following the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Further studies in bone marrow-derived stem or progenitor cells are required to confirm our findings in HeLa cells and expand our ability to extrapolate the results to benzene toxicity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luoping Zhang
- Corresponding Author: School of Public Health UC Berkeley 140 Warren Hall #7360 Berkeley, CA 94720 Tel: (510) 643-5189 Fax: (510) 642-0427
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Seedhouse C, Russell N. Advances in the understanding of susceptibility to treatment-related acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2007; 137:513-29. [PMID: 17539774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML) is a devastating complication following exposure to the cytotoxic and genotoxic agents used to treat a primary malignancy. Whilst the incidence of t-AML is rising, it still only occurs in a minority of patients who have received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment and hence it is important to identify factors that may confer susceptibility to the development of the condition. This paper reviews the literature and discusses the advances and limitations in our understanding of susceptibility factors to t-AML. In particular, it concentrates upon genetic polymorphisms in detoxification genes and in genes belonging to the major DNA repair pathways. This review also considers more novel susceptibility factors, such as those proposed to determine stem cell number. Increased understanding of t-AML susceptibility may enable steps to be taken to prevent its development and increase the effectiveness of treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Seedhouse
- Department of Academic Haematology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Platzbecker U, Meredyth-Stewart M, Ehninger G. The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Cancer Treat Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|