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Kotob S, Kelts JL. PRIMA-1 MET Does Not Restore Vitamin D Sensitivity to MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30500-30507. [PMID: 37636961 PMCID: PMC10448659 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that causes growth suppression in cultured cells. We had previously discovered that the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 did not have growth suppression with vitamin D, while MCF-7 did. MCF-7 cells are not triple-negative and have wild-type p53. Both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 have mutations in p53 and these mutations were a possible explanation for the lack of growth suppression with vitamin D. Our hypothesis was that reactivation of p53 in the triple-negative cell lines would cause them to become sensitive to vitamin D. We chose to use the small molecule PRIMA-1MET to reactivate p53 as it has been previously shown to restore function to the p53 mutants present in MB-231 and MB-468. We then measured the ability of vitamin D and its analogues calcipotriol and EB1089 to suppress growth in the presence of PRIMA-1MET. Here, we show that while PRIMA-1MET can kill the breast cancer cells investigated in this study, it does not restore their sensitivity to vitamin D or its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi
N. Kotob
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
| | - Jessica L. Kelts
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
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2
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Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds the secosteroid hormone 1,25(OH)2D3 with high affinity and regulates gene programs that control a serum calcium levels, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. A significant focus has been to exploit the VDR in cancer settings. Although preclinical studies have been strongly encouraging, to date clinical trials have delivered equivocal findings that have paused the clinical translation of these compounds. However, it is entirely possible that mining of genomic data will help to refine precisely what are the key anticancer actions of vitamin D compounds and where these can be used most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 3221 Gallows Road, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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Pulito C, Terrenato I, Di Benedetto A, Korita E, Goeman F, Sacconi A, Biagioni F, Blandino G, Strano S, Muti P, Mottolese M, Falvo E. Cdx2 polymorphism affects the activities of vitamin D receptor in human breast cancer cell lines and human breast carcinomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124894. [PMID: 25849303 PMCID: PMC4388514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in cancer development and acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). It regulates the action of hormone responsive genes and is involved in cell cycle regulation, differentiation and apoptosis. VDR is a critical component of the vitamin D pathway and different common single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified. Cdx2 VDR polymorphism can play an important role in breast cancer, modulating the activity of VDR. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between the Cdx2 VDR polymorphism and the activities of VDR in human breast cancer cell lines and carcinomas breast patients. Cdx2 VDR polymorphism and antiproliferative effects of vitamin D treatment were investigated in a panel of estrogen receptor-positive (MCF7 and T-47D) and estrogen receptor-negative (MDA-MB-231, SUM 159PT, SK-BR-3, BT549, MDA-MB-468, HCC1143, BT20 and HCC1954) human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the potential relationship among Cdx2 VDR polymorphism and a number of biomarkers used in clinical management of breast cancer was assessed in an ad hoc set of breast cancer cases. Vitamin D treatment efficacy was found to be strongly dependent on the Cdx2 VDR status in ER-negative breast cancer cell lines tested. In our series of breast cancer cases, the results indicated that patients with variant homozygote AA were associated with bio-pathological characteristics typical of more aggressive tumours, such as ER negative, HER2 positive and G3. Our results may suggest a potential effect of Cdx2 VDR polymorphism on the efficacy of vitamin D treatment in aggressive breast cancer cells (estrogen receptor negative). These results suggest that Cdx2 polymorphism may be a potential biomarker for vitamin D treatment in breast cancer, independently of the VDR receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pulito
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Department of Epidemiology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Etleva Korita
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center-McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falvo
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics (Area Molecular Medicine), Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Seoane S, Bermudez MA, Sendon-Lago J, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Abdul-Hadi S, Maestro M, Mouriño A, Perez-Fernandez R. 26,26,26,27,27,27-Hexadeuterated-1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D-d6) As Adjuvant of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 6:67-78. [PMID: 24378752 PMCID: PMC3980618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) and some of its analogues have antitumor activity. 1,25D labeled with deuterium (26,26,26,27,27,27-hexadeuterated 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 1,25D-d6) is commonly used as internal standard for 1,25D liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) quantification. In the present study using human breast cancer cell lines, the biological activity of 1,25D-d6 administered alone and in combination with two commonly used antineoplastic agents, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide, was evaluated. Using an MTT assay, flow cytometry, and western blots, our data demonstrated that 1,25D-d6 has effects similar to the natural hormone on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the combination of 1,25D-d6 and etoposide enhances the antitumoral effects of both compounds. Interestingly, the antitumoral effect is higher in the more aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Our data indicate that 1,25D-d6 administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy could be a good experimental method for accurately quantifying active 1,25D levels in cultures or in biological fluids, on both in vitro breast cancer cell lines and in vivo animal experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Maria A Bermudez
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Juan Sendon-Lago
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Soraya Abdul-Hadi
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Miguel Maestro
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Roman Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, Endocrine Oncology Laboratories (P1L3), Avda. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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OSU-03012 sensitizes breast cancers to lapatinib-induced cell killing: a role for Nck1 but not Nck2. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:256. [PMID: 23706161 PMCID: PMC3674920 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lapatinib is characterized as an ErbB1/ErbB2 dual inhibitor and has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we examined mechanisms associated with enhancing the activity of lapatinib via combination with other therapies. Methods In the present studies, estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative breast cancer cells were genetically manipulated to up- or downregulate eIF2-alpha, its phospho-mutant, Nck1, or Nck2, then treated with OSU-03012, lapatinib or the combination and assayed for cytotoxicity/cytostaticity using clonogenic assays. Results Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with lapatinib and OSU-03012 (a small molecule derivative of the Cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib) induced synergistic cytotoxic/cytostatic effects. This combination therapy corresponded to an increase in the phosphorylation of eIF2-α at serine51 and a decrease in Nck1 expression. Ectopic expression of phospho-mutant eIF2-α (Ser51Ala) or downregulation of eIF2-α in addition to downregulation of the eIF2-α kinase PERK inhibited the synergistic and cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Nck1, but not Nck2 abolished the decrease in cell viability observed in combination-treated cells. Downregulation of Nck1 failed to “rescue” the ablation of the cytotoxic/cytostatic effects by the phospho-mutant of eIF2-α (Ser51Ala) demonstrating that Nck1 downregulation is upstream of eIF2-α phosphorylation in the anti-survival pathway activated by lapatinib and OSU-03012 treatment. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that eIF2-α dissociates from the Nck1/PP1 complex after OSU-03012 and lapatinib co-treatment. Conclusions These data indicate that OSU-03012 and lapatinib co-treatment is an effective combination therapy, which functions to enhance cell killing through the Nck1/eIF2 complex. Hence, this complex is a novel target for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Keith ME, LaPorta E, Welsh J. Stable expression of human VDR in murine VDR-null cells recapitulates vitamin D mediated anti-cancer signaling. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:286-99. [PMID: 23681781 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mammary tumor cells derived from vitamin D receptor (VDR) knock-out (KO) mice were engineered to stably express wild-type (WT) or mutated VDR for characterization of the mechanisms by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), the VDR ligand, mediates growth regulation. Although KO cells were completely resistant to 1,25D, introduction of WT human VDR restored gene expression and growth inhibition in response to 1,25D and a variety of structural analogs. Pdgfb, Vegfa, and Nfkbi were identified as genomic targets of both human and murine VDR signaling in this cell model. KO cells expressing hVDRs containing point mutations (W286R, R274L) that reduce or abolish ligand binding did not exhibit changes in gene expression or growth in response to physiological doses of 1,25D but did respond to higher doses and more potent analogs. KO cells expressing hVDR with the G46D point mutation, which abrogates VDR binding to DR3 response elements, exhibited partial growth inhibition in response to 1,25D and synthetic vitamin D analogs, providing proof of principle that VDR signaling through alternative genomic or non-genomic mechanisms contributes to vitamin D mediated growth effects in transformed cells. We conclude that the 1,25D-VDR signaling axis that triggers anti-cancer effects is highly conserved between the murine and human systems despite differences in VDR protein, cofactors, and target genes and that these actions are not solely mediated via canonical VDRE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggan E Keith
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
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Gupta A, Mehta R, Alimirah F, Peng X, Murillo G, Wiehle R, Mehta RG. Efficacy and mechanism of action of Proellex, an antiprogestin in aromatase overexpressing and Letrozole resistant T47D breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 133:30-42. [PMID: 22939887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are considered as a first line therapy for ER+PR+ breast cancers. However, many patients acquire resistance to AI. In this study, we determined the response of antiprogestin CDB-4124 (Proellex) on the aromatase overexpressing and Letrozole resistant cell lines and also studies its mechanism of action in inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. For these studies we generated aromatase overexpressing T47D (T47Darom) and respective control (T47Dcon) breast cancer cell lines by stable transfection with plasmid containing CYP19A1 gene, or empty vector respectively. Letrozole resistant cell line (T47DaromLR) was generated by incubating T47Darom for 75 weeks in the presence of 10 μM Letrozole. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT or crystal violet assays. Gene expressions were quantified by QRT-PCR whereas proteins were identified by western blot analyses, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Aromatase activity was determined by estradiol ELISA. The effects of Proellex on the anchorage independent growth were measured by soft agar colony formation. Statistical differences between the various groups were determined by Student's 't' test or ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. Results showed that T47Darom and T47DaromLR cell lines had significantly higher aromatase expression (mRNA; 80-90 fold and protein) and as a result exhibited increased aromatization of testosterone to estradiol as compared to T47Dcon. Both these cell lines showed enhanced growth in the presence of Testosterone (50-60%). In T47DaromLR cells increased PR-B and EGFR expression as compared to T47Dcon cells was observed. Proellex and other known aromatase inhibitors (Letrozole, Anastrozole, and Exemestane) inhibited testosterone induced cell proliferation and anchorage independent growth of T47Darom cells. Cell growth inhibition was significantly greater when cells were treated with Proellex alone or in combination with other AIs as compared to AIs alone. Proellex inhibited mRNA and protein levels of PR-B, reduced PRB/p300 complex formation in the nuclei and significantly reduced EGFR expression in T47Darom cells. Our results in the present study indicate that antiproliferative effect of Proellex is probably due to PR-B/EGFR modulation in ER+PR+, aromatase expressing cells. Overall these results suggest that antiprogestin, Proellex can be developed as a possible treatment strategy for aromatase overexpressing ER+/PR+ breast cancer patients as well as for aromatase inhibitor resistant breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Aromatase/genetics
- Aromatase/metabolism
- Aromatase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes, erbB-1/drug effects
- Humans
- Letrozole
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Norpregnadienes/pharmacology
- Progestins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Promegestone/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Testosterone/pharmacology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Gupta
- Cancer Biology Division, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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8
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Functional significance of vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16024. [PMID: 21283672 PMCID: PMC3025916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FokI vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism results in different translation initiation sites on VDR. In the VDRff variant, initiation of translation occurs at the first ATG site, giving rise to a full length VDR protein of 427 amino acids. Conversely, in the VDRFF variant, translation begins at the second ATG site, resulting in a truncated protein with three less amino acids. Epidemiological studies have paradoxically implicated this polymorphism with increased breast cancer risk. 1α,25 (OH)2D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D, is known to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and potentiate differentiation in human breast cancer cells. It is well documented that 1α,25 (OH)2D3 downregulates estrogen receptor α expression and inhibits estrogen mediated signaling in these cells. The functional significance of the VDR FokI polymorphism in vitamin D action is undefined. Methods/Findings To elucidate the functional role of FokI polymorphism in breast cancer, MCF-7-Vector, MCF-7-VDRff and MCF-7-VDRFF stable cell lines were established from parental MCF-7 cells as single-cell clones. In response to 1α,25 (OH)2D3 treatments, cell growth was inhibited by 60% in VDRFF cells compared to 28% in VDRff cells. The induction of the vitamin D target gene CYP24A1 mRNA was 1.8 fold higher in VDRFF cells than in VDRff cells. Estrogen receptor-α protein expression was downregulated by 62% in VDRFF cells compared to 25% in VDRff cells. VDR protein stability was greater in MCF-7-VDRFF cells in the presence of cycloheximide. PCR array analyses of VDRff and VDRFF cells revealed increased basal expression levels of pro-inflammatory genes Cyclooxygenase-2, Interleukin-8 and Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2 in MCF-7-VDRff cells by 14, 52.7 and 5 fold, respectively. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that a VDRff genotype may play a role in amplifying aggressive breast cancer, paving the way for understanding why some breast cancer cells respond inefficiently to vitamin D treatment.
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Alimirah F, Vaishnav A, McCormick M, Echchgadda I, Chatterjee B, Mehta RG, Peng X. Functionality of unliganded VDR in breast cancer cells: repressive action on CYP24 basal transcription. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 342:143-50. [PMID: 20440542 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that CYP24, an immediate target gene of VDR is upregulated by VDR ligands. This study is focused on the functional role of unliganded VDR by investigating the correlation between the expression of VDR protein and basal mRNA levels of CYP24 in breast cancer cell lines. Analyses of multiple breast cancer cell lines demonstrated an inverse correlation between VDR protein expression and CYP24 mRNA expression levels; while in the presence of ligand, VDR protein level was positively correlated with CYP24 expression. In MCF-7 cells, VDR was mainly distributed in the nuclei in the absence of ligand. VDR overexpression in MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB231 cells decreased CYP24 mRNA expression levels and CYP24 promoter activity. Conversely, knock-down of VDR using siRNA techniques in MCF-7 and T47D cells significantly increased CYP24 mRNA expression. We also found that overexpression of VDR with a polymorphic site (FokI-FF) at its AF-1 domain, which makes VDR shorter by three amino acids, failed to repress CYP24 promoter activity. This report provides conclusive evidence for the repressive action of unliganded VDR on the expression of its target gene CYP24 and the importance of an intact VDR AF-1 domain for its repressive action.
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García-Becerra R, Díaz L, Camacho J, Barrera D, Ordaz-Rosado D, Morales A, Ortiz CS, Avila E, Bargallo E, Arrecillas M, Halhali A, Larrea F. Calcitriol inhibits Ether-à go-go potassium channel expression and cell proliferation in human breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:433-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
This paper reviews the current understanding of the vitamin D-induced differentiation of neoplastic cells, which results in the generation of cells that acquire near-normal, mature phenotype. Examples of the criteria by which differentiation is recognized in each cell type are provided, and only those effects of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D) on cell proliferation and survival that are associated with the differentiation process are emphasized. The existing knowledge, often fragmentary, of the signaling pathways that lead to vitamin D-induced differentiation of colon, breast, prostate, squamous cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and myeloid leukemia cancer cells is outlined. The important distinctions between the different mechanisms of 1,25D-induced differentiation that are cell-type and cell-context specific are pointed out where known. There is a considerable body of evidence that the principal human cancer cells can be suitable candidates for chemoprevention or differentiation therapy with vitamin D. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms in order to improve the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gocek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and premenopausal breast cancer risk in a German case-control study. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:250-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Brown WM. Vitamin D, vitamin D analogs (deltanoids) and prostate cancer. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2008; 1:803-13. [PMID: 24410609 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.1.6.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
'Vitamin D' is a generic term for a family of secosteroids, members of which bind to the vitamin D receptor. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, has antiproliferative effects on many tumor cells. However, clinical use of calcitriol in cancer prevention or therapy is limited because it induces hypercalcemia at the necessary supraphysiological doses. The anti-tumor effects of vitamin D analogs (deltanoids) have been researched extensively; more than 3000 deltanoids have now been described. Prostate cancer is more common in northern geographic regions; mortality decreases with exposure to sunlight. As UV light is necessary for vitamin D synthesis in the skin, it has long been dogma that vitamin D is involved. This review concerns deltanoids that have been assessed for use in treating or preventing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Brown
- VaxDesign Corp., 12612 Challenger Parkway, Suite 365, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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14
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van Ginkel PR, Yang W, Marcet MM, Chow CC, Kulkarni AD, Darjatmoko S, Lindstrom MJ, Lokken J, Bhattacharya S, Albert DM. 1 alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D2 inhibits growth of human neuroblastoma. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:255-62. [PMID: 17603751 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. The poor outcomes of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma have encouraged the search for new therapies. In the current study, the effect of the vitamin D analog 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha-OH-D2, doxercalciferol) was assessed in a mouse xenograft model of human neuroblastoma. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression levels in seven neuroblastoma cell lines were compared using real-time PCR. SK-N-AS cells, which express relatively high levels of VDR, were injected into the flanks of 60 mice. The mice were treated daily via oral gavage for 5 weeks with vehicle (control), 0.15 microg, or 0.3 microg of 1alpha-OH-D2. The animals were then euthanized, and tumors, sera, and kidneys were collected and analyzed. End tumor volumes were significantly smaller in both the 0.15 microg group (712.07 mm3, P = 0.0121) and 0.3 microg group (772.97 mm3, P = 0.0209) when compared to controls (1,681.75 mm3). In terms of toxicity, serum calcium levels were increased but mortality was minimal in both treatment groups. These results were similar to those previously described in the transgenic (LHbeta-Tag) and human xenograft (Y-79) models of retinoblastoma, a related tumor. In vitro cell viability studies of SK-N-AS and NGP cells, which represent two major human neuroblastoma subtypes that differ in their genetic abnormalities as well as their VDR expression levels, show that both are sensitive to calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D3. In conclusion, the present study shows that 1alpha-OH-D2 can inhibit human neuroblastoma growth in vivo with relatively low toxicity. The safety of 1alpha-OH-D2 has been extensively studied; the drug is FDA-approved for the treatment of adult kidney patients, and Phase I/II trials have been conducted in adult oncology patients. There should not be major obstacles to starting Phase I and II clinical trials with this drug in pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R van Ginkel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, K6/412 CSC, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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