1
|
Mo C, Shiozaki Y, Omabe K, Liu Y. Understanding the Human RECQ5 Helicase-Connecting the Dots from DNA to Clinics. Cells 2023; 12:2037. [PMID: 37626846 PMCID: PMC10453775 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RECQ5, a member of the conserved RECQ helicase family, is the sole human RECQ homolog that has not been linked to a hereditary developmental syndrome. Nonetheless, dysregulation of RECQ5 has emerged as a significant clinical concern, being linked to cancer predisposition, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. In cells, RECQ5 assumes a crucial role in the regulation of DNA repair pathways, particularly in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and inter-strand DNA crosslinks. Moreover, RECQ5 exhibits a capacity to modulate gene expression by interacting with transcription machineries and their co-regulatory proteins, thus safeguarding against transcription-induced DNA damage. This review aims to provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of RECQ5 and its implications in maintaining genomic stability. We will discuss the potential effects of clinical variants of RECQ5 on its cellular functions and their underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cancer and cardiovascular disease. We will review the impact of RECQ5 variants in the field of pharmacogenomics, specifically their influence on drug responses, which may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions targeting RECQ5 in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Philip KT, Dutta K, Chakraborty S, Patro BS. Functional inhibition of RECQL5 helicase elicits non-homologous end joining response and sensitivity of breast cancers to PARP inhibitor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 161:106443. [PMID: 37392863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADPRibose) Polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) are clinically approved for the treatment of BRCA-mutated hereditary breast and ovarian cancers with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, based on synthetic lethality concept. However, ∼90% of breast cancers are BRCA-wild type; they repair PARPi mediated damage through HR, leading to intrinsic de novo resistance. Hence, there is an unmet need of exploring novel targets in HR-proficient aggressive breast cancers for PARPi treatment. RECQL5 physically interacts and disrupts RAD51 from pre-synaptic filaments, aiding HR resolution, replication fork protection and preventing illegitimate recombination. In the current investigation, we show that targeted inhibition of HR by stabilization of RAD51-RECQL5 complex by a pharmacological inhibitor of RECQL5 (4a; 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative) in the presence of PARPi [talazoparib (BMN673)] leads to abolition of functional HR with uncontrolled activation of NHEJ repair. This was assessed by GFP based NHEJ reporter assay, KU80 recruitment and in vitro NHEJ based plasmid ligation assay. Concomitant treatment with talazoparib and 4a generates copious amounts of replication stress, prolonged cell cycle arrest, extensive double strand breaks (DSBs) and mitotic catastrophe, leading to sensitization of HR-proficient breast cancers. Suppression of NHEJ activity abolishes 4a-mediated sensitization of breast cancers to PARPi treatment. Imperatively, 4a was ineffective against normal mammary epithelial cells, which expresses low RECQL5 vis-à-vis breast cancer cells. Moreover, functional inhibition of RECQL5 suppresses metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in response to PARPi. Together, we identified RECQL5 as a novel pharmacological target for expanding PARPi based treatment horizon for HR-proficient cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Thankam Philip
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kartik Dutta
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsang ES, Csizmok V, Williamson LM, Pleasance E, Topham JT, Karasinska JM, Titmuss E, Schrader I, Yip S, Tessier-Cloutier B, Mungall K, Ng T, Sun S, Lim HJ, Loree JM, Laskin J, Marra MA, Jones SJM, Schaeffer DF, Renouf DJ. Homologous recombination deficiency signatures in gastrointestinal and thoracic cancers correlate with platinum therapy duration. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:31. [PMID: 36964191 PMCID: PMC10039042 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence about the predictive role of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), but this is less defined in gastrointestinal (GI) and thoracic malignancies. We reviewed whole genome (WGS) and transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) data from advanced GI and thoracic cancers in the Personalized OncoGenomics trial (NCT02155621) to evaluate HRD scores and single base substitution (SBS)3, which is associated with BRCA1/2 mutations and potentially predictive of defective HRD. HRD scores were calculated by sum of loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transitions scores. Regression analyses examined the association between HRD and time to progression on platinum (TTPp). We included 223 patients with GI (n = 154) or thoracic (n = 69) malignancies. TTPp was associated with SBS3 (p < 0.01) but not HRD score in patients with GI malignancies, whereas neither was associated with TTPp in thoracic malignancies. Tumors with gBRCA1/2 mutations and a somatic second alteration exhibited high SBS3 and HRD scores, but these signatures were also present in several tumors with germline but no somatic second alterations, suggesting silencing of the wild-type allele or BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency. Biallelic inactivation of an HR gene, including loss of XRCC2 and BARD1, was identified in BRCA1/2 wild-type HRD tumors and these patients had prolonged response to platinum. Thoracic cases with high HRD score were associated with high RECQL5 expression (p ≤ 0.025), indicating another potential mechanism of HRD. SBS3 was more strongly associated with TTPp in patients with GI malignancies and may be complementary to using HRD and BRCA status in identifying patients who benefit from platinum therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Tsang
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronika Csizmok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Williamson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Emma Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Intan Schrader
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tony Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Howard J Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thakkar MK, Lee J, Meyer S, Chang VY. RecQ Helicase Somatic Alterations in Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887758. [PMID: 35782872 PMCID: PMC9240438 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Named the “caretakers” of the genome, RecQ helicases function in several pathways to maintain genomic stability and repair DNA. This highly conserved family of enzymes consist of five different proteins in humans: RECQL1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5. Biallelic germline mutations in BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 have been linked to rare cancer-predisposing syndromes. Emerging research has also implicated somatic alterations in RecQ helicases in a variety of cancers, including hematological malignancies, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, amongst others. These alterations in RecQ helicases, particularly overexpression, may lead to increased resistance of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy. Downregulation of these proteins may allow for increased sensitivity to chemotherapy, and, therefore, may be important therapeutic targets. Here we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the role of RecQ DNA helicases in cancer and discuss the potential therapeutic opportunities in targeting these helicases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha K. Thakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital and Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Y. Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Childrens Discovery and Innovation Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Vivian Y. Chang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rasool R, Ullah I, Mubeen B, Alshehri S, Imam SS, Ghoneim MM, Alzarea SI, Al-Abbasi FA, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I, Nadeem MS. Theranostic Interpolation of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031861. [PMID: 35163783 PMCID: PMC8836911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a diverse disease caused by mutations in multiple genes accompanying epigenetic aberrations of hazardous genes and protein pathways, which distress tumor-suppressor genes and the expression of oncogenes. Alteration in any of the several physiological mechanisms such as cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair machinery, mitotic checkpoints, and telomere maintenance results in genomic instability. Theranostic has the potential to foretell and estimate therapy response, contributing a valuable opportunity to modify the ongoing treatments and has developed new treatment strategies in a personalized manner. “Omics” technologies play a key role while studying genomic instability in breast cancer, and broadly include various aspects of proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and tumor grading. Certain computational techniques have been designed to facilitate the early diagnosis of cancer and predict disease-specific therapies, which can produce many effective results. Several diverse tools are used to investigate genomic instability and underlying mechanisms. The current review aimed to explore the genomic landscape, tumor heterogeneity, and possible mechanisms of genomic instability involved in initiating breast cancer. We also discuss the implications of computational biology regarding mutational and pathway analyses, identification of prognostic markers, and the development of strategies for precision medicine. We also review different technologies required for the investigation of genomic instability in breast cancer cells, including recent therapeutic and preventive advances in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.R.); (I.U.); (B.M.)
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.R.); (I.U.); (B.M.)
| | - Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.R.); (I.U.); (B.M.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (M.S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang Y, Meyers TJ, Emeka AA, Cooley LF, Cooper PR, Lancki N, Helenowski I, Kachuri L, Lin DW, Stanford JL, Newcomb LF, Kolb S, Finelli A, Fleshner NE, Komisarenko M, Eastham JA, Ehdaie B, Benfante N, Logothetis CJ, Gregg JR, Perez CA, Garza S, Kim J, Marks LS, Delfin M, Barsa D, Vesprini D, Klotz LH, Loblaw A, Mamedov A, Goldenberg SL, Higano CS, Spillane M, Wu E, Carter HB, Pavlovich CP, Mamawala M, Landis T, Carroll PR, Chan JM, Cooperberg MR, Cowan JE, Morgan TM, Siddiqui J, Martin R, Klein EA, Brittain K, Gotwald P, Barocas DA, Dallmer JR, Gordetsky JB, Steele P, Kundu SD, Stockdale J, Roobol MJ, Venderbos LD, Sanda MG, Arnold R, Patil D, Evans CP, Dall’Era MA, Vij A, Costello AJ, Chow K, Corcoran NM, Rais-Bahrami S, Phares C, Scherr DS, Flynn T, Karnes RJ, Koch M, Dhondt CR, Nelson JB, McBride D, Cookson MS, Stratton KL, Farriester S, Hemken E, Stadler WM, Pera T, Banionyte D, Bianco FJ, Lopez IH, Loeb S, Taneja SS, Byrne N, Amling CL, Martinez A, Boileau L, Gaylis FD, Petkewicz J, Kirwen N, Helfand BT, Xu J, Scholtens DM, Catalona WJ, Witte JS. Genetic Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Conversion from Active Surveillance to Treatment. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100070. [PMID: 34993496 PMCID: PMC8725988 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5,222 PC patients and 1,139 other patients from replication cohorts, all of whom initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 variants associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. With a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we found two genes associated with conversion (MAST3, p = 6.9×10-7 and GAB2, p = 2.0×10-6). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS-or the intensity of monitoring on AS-versus treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Travis J. Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adaeze A. Emeka
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Folgosa Cooley
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Phillip R. Cooper
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicola Lancki
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Irene Helenowski
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa F. Newcomb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Komisarenko
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James A. Eastham
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Behfar Ehdaie
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin R. Gregg
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cherie A. Perez
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Garza
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leonard S. Marks
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merdie Delfin
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Barsa
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurence H. Klotz
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mamedov
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health and Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Larry Goldenberg
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Spillane
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eugenia Wu
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H. Ballentine Carter
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian P. Pavlovich
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mufaddal Mamawala
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tricia Landis
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet E. Cowan
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd M. Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rabia Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Brittain
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paige Gotwald
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A. Barocas
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah R. Dallmer
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Gordetsky
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pam Steele
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilajit D. Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jazmine Stockdale
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Monique J. Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lionne D.F. Venderbos
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin G. Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Arnold
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marc A. Dall’Era
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anjali Vij
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Costello
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Chow
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Niall M. Corcoran
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Courtney Phares
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas S. Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Flynn
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Koch
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Courtney Rose Dhondt
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel B. Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dawn McBride
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael S. Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kelly L. Stratton
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stephen Farriester
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Erin Hemken
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Tuula Pera
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stacy Loeb
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir S. Taneja
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataliya Byrne
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ann Martinez
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luc Boileau
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Franklin D. Gaylis
- Genesis Healthcare Partners, Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Kirwen
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Helfand
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Division of Urology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Denise M. Scholtens
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William J. Catalona
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health, Biomedical Data Science, and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balajee AS. Human RecQL4 as a Novel Molecular Target for Cancer Therapy. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:305-327. [PMID: 34474412 DOI: 10.1159/000516568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human RecQ helicases play diverse roles in the maintenance of genomic stability. Inactivating mutations in 3 of the 5 human RecQ helicases are responsible for the pathogenesis of Werner syndrome (WS), Bloom syndrome (BS), Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), RAPADILINO, and Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS). WS, BS, and RTS patients are at increased risk for developing many age-associated diseases including cancer. Mutations in RecQL1 and RecQL5 have not yet been associated with any human diseases so far. In terms of disease outcome, RecQL4 deserves special attention because mutations in RecQL4 result in 3 autosomal recessive syndromes (RTS type II, RAPADILINO, and BGS). RecQL4, like other human RecQ helicases, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the maintenance of genomic stability through participation in diverse DNA metabolic activities. Increased incidence of osteosarcoma in RecQL4-mutated RTS patients and elevated expression of RecQL4 in sporadic cancers including osteosarcoma suggest that loss or gain of RecQL4 expression is linked with cancer susceptibility. In this review, current and future perspectives are discussed on the potential use of RecQL4 as a novel cancer therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adayabalam S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chakraborty S, Dutta K, Gupta P, Das A, Das A, Ghosh SK, Patro BS. Targeting RECQL5 Functions, by a Small Molecule, Selectively Kills Breast Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1524-1544. [PMID: 33529023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical data reveal that RECQL5 protein overexpression in breast cancer was strongly correlated with poor prognosis, survival, and therapeutic resistance. In the current investigation, we report design, synthesis, and specificity of a small molecule, 4a, which can preferentially kill RECQL5-expressing breast cancers but not RECQL5 knockout. Our stringent analysis showed that compound 4a specifically sensitizes RECQL5-expressing cancers, while it did not have any effect on other members of DNA RECQL-helicases. Integrated approaches of organic synthesis, biochemical, in silico molecular simulation, knockouts, functional mutation, and rescue experiments showed that 4a potently inhibits RECQL5-helicase activity and stabilizes RECQL5-RAD51 physical interaction, leading to impaired HRR and preferential killing of RECQL5-expressing breast cancer. Moreover, 4a treatment led to the efficient sensitization of cisplatin-resistant breast cancers but not normal mammary epithelial cells. Pharmacologically, compound 4a was orally effective in reducing the growth of RECQL5-expressing breast tumors (human xenograft) in NUDE-mice with no appreciable toxicity to the vital organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chakraborty
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kartik Dutta
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anubrata Das
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Amit Das
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Ghosh
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia HW, Zhang ZQ, Yuan J, Niu QL. Human RECQL5 promotes metastasis and resistance to cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2020; 265:118768. [PMID: 33217443 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have a lower 5-year survival rate, and the distant tumor metastasis and drug resistance are the main reasons for the high mortality. RECQL5, a member of RecQ helicases family, has been linked to tumorigenesis of various cancers expect NSCLC. In the current study, analysis with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset showed that the level of RECQL5 was elevated in LUAD (Lung Adenocarcinoma) and LUSC (lung squamous carcinomas), two major subtypes of NSCLC, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining on Tissue array slides. The level of RECQL5 was also elevated in NSCLC cell lines. Further, Kaplan-Meier analysis of TCGA dataset suggested that the up-regulated RECQL5 was associated with poor prognosis of LUAD, but not with that of LUSC. Knockdown of RECQL5 significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells, and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as indicated by the changes of EMT-related proteins, while overexpression of RECQL5 displayed reverse effects. Lung metastasis was also suppressed by RECQL5 knockdown. Additionally, the addition of Akt inhibitor LY294002 reversed the effects of RECQL5 overexpression on cell migration, invasion and EMT. Moreover, knockdown of RECQL5 increased the apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant A549 cell line (A549/DDP) caused by cisplatin treatment. In summary, RECQL5 contributed to the metastasis of NSCLC and assisted NSCLC cells incompletely response to cisplatin therapy, and could be considered as a biomarker or clinical target for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, PR China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ding D, Sun X, Pang MYH, An L, Huen MSY, Hu T, Ishibashi T. RECQL5 KIX domain splicing isoforms have distinct functions in transcription repression and DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 97:103007. [PMID: 33197722 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RecQL5, a mammalian RecQ family protein, is involved in the regulation of transcription elongation, DNA damage response, and DNA replication. Here, we identified and characterized an alternative splicing isoform of RECQL5 (RECQL5β1), which contains 17 additional amino acid residues within the RECQL5 KIX domain when compared with the canonical isoform (RECQL5β). RECQL5β1 had a markedly decreased binding affinity to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and poorly competed with the transcription elongation factor TFIIS for binding to Pol II. As a result, this isoform has a weaker activity for repression of transcription elongation. In contrast, we discovered that RECQL5β1 could bind stronger to MRE11, which is a primary sensor of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, we found that RECQL5β1 promoted DNA repair in the RECQL5β1 rescue cells. These results suggest that RECQL5β mainly functions as a transcription repressor, while the newly discovered RECQL5β1 has a specialized role in DNA damage response. Taken together, our data suggest a cellular-functional specialization for each KIX splicing isoform in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Ding
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xulun Sun
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew Y H Pang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwei An
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Taobo Hu
- Center of Breast Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dhar S, Datta A, Brosh RM. DNA helicases and their roles in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 96:102994. [PMID: 33137625 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA helicases, known for their fundamentally important roles in genomic stability, are high profile players in cancer. Not only are there monogenic helicase disorders with a strong disposition to cancer, it is well appreciated that helicase variants are associated with specific cancers (e.g., breast cancer). Flipping the coin, DNA helicases are frequently overexpressed in cancerous tissues and reduction in helicase gene expression results in reduced proliferation and growth capacity, as well as DNA damage induction and apoptosis of cancer cells. The seminal roles of helicases in the DNA damage and replication stress responses, as well as DNA repair pathways, validate their vital importance in cancer biology and suggest their potential values as targets in anti-cancer therapy. In recent years, many laboratories have characterized the specialized roles of helicase to resolve transcription-replication conflicts, maintain telomeres, mediate cell cycle checkpoints, remodel stalled replication forks, and regulate transcription. In vivo models, particularly mice, have been used to interrogate helicase function and serve as a bridge for preclinical studies that may lead to novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of DNA helicases and their roles in cancer, emphasizing the latest developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Dhar
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Datta A, Dhar S, Awate S, Brosh RM. Synthetic Lethal Interactions of RECQ Helicases. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:146-161. [PMID: 33041245 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA helicases have risen to the forefront as genome caretakers. Their prominent roles in chromosomal stability are demonstrated by the linkage of mutations in helicase genes to hereditary disorders with defects in DNA repair, the replication stress response, and/or transcriptional activation. Conversely, accumulating evidence suggests that DNA helicases in cancer cells have a network of pathway interactions such that codeficiency of some helicases and their genetically interacting proteins results in synthetic lethality (SL). Such genetic interactions may potentially be exploited for cancer therapies. We discuss the roles of RECQ DNA helicases in cancer, emphasizing some of the more recent developments in SL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Srijita Dhar
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sanket Awate
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mutations in conserved functional domains of human RecQ helicases are associated with diseases and cancer: A review. Biophys Chem 2020; 265:106433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Lin Y, Chen H, Wang X, Xiang J, Wang H, Peng J. Mining the role of RECQL5 in gastric cancer and seeking potential regulatory network by bioinformatics analysis. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Werner Syndrome Protein Expression in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:57-73.e7. [PMID: 32919863 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Werner protein (WRN) plays an important role in DNA repair, replication, transcription, and consequently genomic stability via its DNA-helicase and exonuclease activity. Loss of function of WRN is associated with Werner syndrome (WS), which is characterized by premature aging and cancer predisposition. Malignancies that are commonly linked to WS are thyroid carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, meningioma, and soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Currently, the clinicopathologic significance of WRN in breast cancer is largely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of WRN protein expression in a cohort of clinically annotated series of sporadic (n = 1650) and BRCA-mutated (n = 75) invasive breast cancers. We correlated WRN protein expression to clinicopathologic characteristics, DNA repair protein expression, and survival outcomes. RESULTS There is strong evidence of association between low nuclear and cytoplasmic WRN co-expression and low levels of KU70/KU80, DNA-PK, DNA Pol-B, CKD18, cytoplasmic RECQL4, and nuclear BLM protein expression (adjusted P-values < .05). Tumors with low nuclear or cytoplasmic WRN expression have worse overall breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (adjusted P-values < .05). In topoisomerase I overexpressed tumors, low WRN nuclear expression was associated with poor BCSS (P-value < .05). In BRCA-mutated tumors, low WRN cytoplasmic expression conferred shortest BCSS (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low WRN protein expression is associated with poor BCSS in patients with breast cancer. This can be used to optimize the risk stratification for personalized treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Althobiti M, Muftah AA, Aleskandarany MA, Joseph C, Toss MS, Green A, Rakha E. The prognostic significance of BMI1 expression in invasive breast cancer is dependent on its molecular subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 182:581-589. [PMID: 32524353 PMCID: PMC7320923 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose BMI1, which is a major component of the polycomb group complex 1, is an essential epigenetic repressor of multiple regulatory genes and has been identified as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. However, its role in breast cancer (BC) remains to be defined. In this study, we have evaluated the prognostic significance of BMI1 among the different molecular subtypes and assessed its association with other breast CSC markers (BCSC). Material and method BMI1 copy number and mRNA was assessed in large and well-characterised cohorts of early-stage BC patients [METABRIC (n = 1980) and the Bc-GenExMiner (n = 9616) databases]. BMI1 protein expression was assessed using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 870 invasive BC patients with long-term outcome data and the expression of a panel of BCSC markers was monitored. Result BMI1 expression, prognostic significance and its association with BCSC markers were differed between molecular classes. In the luminal oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC, BMI1 showed significantly higher expression compared to ER− tumours. BMI1 showed positive correlation with favourable prognostic features and it was negatively associated with the expression of key BCSC markers (ALDH1A1, CD24, CD44, CD133, SOX10 and SOX9). High expression of BMI1 was associated with longer breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) independent of other prognostic variables. In the basal triple negative BC subtype, BMI1 expression showed positive association with CD133 and SOX10 and it was significantly associated with shorter BCSS. Conclusion High BMI1 expression is associated with clinicopathological variables and outcome in BC. However, this association is dependent on the molecular subtypes. Further functional assessment to detect its underlying mechanistic roles in BC subtypes is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-020-05719-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Althobiti
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University 33, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir A Muftah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emad Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. .,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hamadeh Z, Lansdorp P. RECQL5 at the Intersection of Replication and Transcription. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:324. [PMID: 32523948 PMCID: PMC7262407 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is essential to prevent the accumulation of DNA mutations that can initiate oncogenesis and facilitate tumor progression. Studies of DNA repair genes have revealed a highly dynamic and redundant network of genes and proteins responsible for maintaining genome stability. Cancer cells are often deficient in DNA repair, and the resulting genome instability decreases their fitness but also allows for more rapid evolution under selective pressure. Of particular interest for genome stability are the RecQ class of helicases. Five genes in this class, RECQL1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5, are unique to mammals, as simpler eukaryotes and bacteria appear to have only one homolog, RecQ. The precise role of each of the five mammalian RecQ helicases remains to be determined. Whereas loss of function mutations of BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 in humans are associated with specific diseases, RECQL1 and RECQL5 have not yet been associated with specific disorders. Mice deficient in Recql5 are more likely to develop cancer, and human cells deficient in RECQL5 display chromosomal instability and elevated sister chromatid exchange events, similar to cells deficient in any of the other RecQ helicases. Recent studies support the hypothesis that RECQL5 can resolve intermediate DNA repair structures resulting from the collision of DNA transcription and replication machinery. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge regarding RECQL5 in the context of DNA repair, replication, and transcription to help uncover the role of RECQL5 in the maintenance of genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeid Hamadeh
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin Y, Wang H, Wang X, Li M, Chen H, Peng J. Low expression of RecQ-like helicase 5 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:985-991. [PMID: 31897211 PMCID: PMC6924161 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of RecQ-like helicase 5 (RECQL5) in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. This study investigated the expression, clinicopathological association and prognosis of RECQL5 protein in human GC. Firstly, the Oncomine database was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of RECQL5 in GC samples. GC samples and adjacent normal gastric tissue samples were subsequently assessed to determine RECQL5 protein expression levels using immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathological association with RECQL5 expression was analyzed. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed to determine the relationship between RECQL5 expression and survival outcomes. Data from the Oncomine database revealed that RECQL5 mRNA was significantly downregulated in GC tissues compared with that in normal gastric tissues (P<0.05). These results were then validated at the protein level as RECQL5 protein expression was found to be significantly downregulated in GC samples compared with that in normal gastric tissues (P<0.05). Low expression of RECQL5 was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion, histological differentiation and TNM stage (all P<0.05) and indicated poor prognosis in patients with GC. Multivariate analysis revealed that low RECQL5 expression and depth of invasion were independent prognostic factors for GC (P<0.05). These results suggest that low expression of RECQL5 is associated with carcinogenesis and invasion in GC and with poor overall survival in patients with GC. RECQL5 may be a novel prognostic marker for patients with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Huashe Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Digestion, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Junsheng Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Idris M, Harmston N, Petretto E, Madan B, Virshup DM. Broad regulation of gene isoform expression by Wnt signaling in cancer. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:1696-1713. [PMID: 31506381 PMCID: PMC6859862 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071506.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Differential gene isoform expression is a ubiquitous mechanism to enhance proteome diversity and maintain cell homeostasis. Mechanisms such as splicing that drive gene isoform variability are highly dynamic and responsive to changes in cell signaling pathways. Wnt/β-catenin signaling has profound effects on cell activity and cell fate and is known to modify several splicing events by altering the expression of individual splicing factors. However, a global assessment of how extensively Wnt signaling regulates splicing and other mechanisms that determine mRNA isoform composition in cancer is lacking. We used deep time-resolved RNA-seq in two independent in vivo Wnt-addicted tumor models during treatment with the potent Wnt inhibitor ETC-159 and examined Wnt regulated splicing events and splicing regulators. We found 1025 genes that underwent Wnt regulated variable exon usage leading to isoform expression changes. This was accompanied by extensive Wnt regulated changes in the expression of splicing regulators. Many of these Wnt regulated events were conserved in multiple human cancers, and many were linked to previously defined cancer-associated splicing quantitative trait loci. This suggests that the Wnt regulated splicing events are components of fundamental oncogenic processes. These findings demonstrate the wide-ranging effects of Wnt signaling on the isoform composition of the cell and provides an extensive resource of expression changes of splicing regulators and gene isoforms regulated by Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idris
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
- Centre for Computational Biology and Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology and Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
| | - Babita Madan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
| | - David M Virshup
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Olson HC, Davis L, Kiianitsa K, Khoo KJ, Liu Y, Knijnenburg TA, Maizels N. Increased levels of RECQ5 shift DNA repair from canonical to alternative pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9496-9509. [PMID: 30107528 PMCID: PMC6182128 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQ5 (RECQL5) is one of several human helicases that dissociates RAD51-DNA filaments. The gene that encodes RECQ5 is frequently amplified in human tumors, but it is not known whether amplification correlates with increased gene expression, or how increased RECQ5 levels affect DNA repair at nicks and double-strand breaks. Here, we address these questions. We show that RECQ5 gene amplification correlates with increased gene expression in human tumors, by in silico analysis of over 9000 individual tumors representing 32 tumor types in the TCGA dataset. We demonstrate that, at double-strand breaks, increased RECQ5 levels inhibited canonical homology-directed repair (HDR) by double-stranded DNA donors, phenocopying the effect of BRCA deficiency. Conversely, at nicks, increased RECQ5 levels stimulated 'alternative' HDR by single-stranded DNA donors, which is normally suppressed by RAD51; this was accompanied by stimulation of mutagenic end-joining. Even modest changes (2-fold) in RECQ5 levels caused significant dysregulation of repair, especially HDR. These results suggest that in some tumors, RECQ5 gene amplification may have profound consequences for genomic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luther Davis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kostantin Kiianitsa
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin J Khoo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Theo A Knijnenburg
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nancy Maizels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Peng J, Tang L, Cai M, Chen H, Wong J, Zhang P. RECQL5 plays an essential role in maintaining genome stability and viability of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4743-4752. [PMID: 31231988 PMCID: PMC6712443 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignancy that currently lacks targeted therapies. The majority of TNBCs can be characterized as basal‐like and has an expression profile enriched with genes involved in DNA damage repair and checkpoint response. Here, we report that TNBC cells are under replication stress and are constantly generating DNA double‐strand breaks, which is not seen in non‐TNBC cells. Consequently, we found that RECQL5, which encodes a RecQ family DNA helicase involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism including replication and repair, was essential for TNBC cells to survive and proliferate in vitro and in vivo. Compromising RECQL5 function in TNBC cells results in persistence of DNA damage, G2 arrest, and ultimately, cessation of proliferation. Our results suggest RECQL5 may be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lichun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu X, Chen H, Yang Y, Xu C, Zhou J, Zhou J, Chen Y. Distinct prognosis of mRNA expression of the five RecQ DNA-helicase family members - RECQL, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5 - in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6649-6668. [PMID: 30584360 PMCID: PMC6287649 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Five RecQ helicase family members have a role in maintaining genome stability. However, their prognostic roles in breast cancer remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic values of the RecQ family and clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Methods We used the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database (http://kmplot.com/analysis) to analyze prognostic values of RecQ-family mRNA expression in all breast cancers and in different intrinsic subtypes and clinicopathological characteristics. Protein-expression levels of WRN and RECQL4 were confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer tissues. Results Increased expression of RECQL mRNA was significantly associated with reduced relapse-free survival (RFS) and postprogression survival (PPS) in all breast cancers, and improved overall survival (OS) in patients with basal-like breast cancer and in mutant-p53-type breast cancer patients. Increased expression of BLM mRNA was correlated with reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in all patients. Increased expression of WRN mRNA was associated with improved OS and RFS in breast cancer patients. Increased expression of RECQL4 mRNA was associated with reduced OS, DMFS, and RFS in all breast cancers, and with reduced OS in patients with luminal A, HER2-positive, ER-positive, and PR-positive breast cancer. Increased expression of RECQL5 mRNA was associated with improved RFS in all patients, and with improved OS in patients with lymph-node-negative breast cancer, but with reduced OS in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. IHC staining confirmed that high expression of WRN was correlated with increased OS and high expression of RECQL4 associated with reduced OS at protein levels. Conclusion mRNA-expression levels of RecQ members were significantly correlated with prognosis in breast cancer patients. These preliminary findings require further study to determine whether RecQ-targeting reagents might be developed for clinical application in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Breast Surgery, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjing Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barone G, Arora A, Ganesh A, Abdel-Fatah T, Moseley P, Ali R, Chan SY, Savva C, Schiavone K, Carmell N, Myers KN, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S, Collis SJ. The relationship of CDK18 expression in breast cancer to clinicopathological parameters and therapeutic response. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29508-29524. [PMID: 30034634 PMCID: PMC6047673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are established anti-cancer drug targets and a new generation of CDK inhibitors are providing clinical benefits to a sub-set of breast cancer patients. We have recently shown that human CDK18 promotes efficient cellular responses to replication stress. In the current study, we have investigated the clinicopathological and functional significance of CDK18 expression levels in breast cancers. Results High CDK18 protein expression was associated with a triple negative and basal-like phenotype (p = 0.021 and 0.027 respectively) as well as improved patient survival, which was particularly significant in ER negative breast cancers (n = 594, Log Rank 6.724, p = 0.01) and those treated with chemotherapy (n = 270, Log Rank 4.575, p = 0.03). In agreement with these clinical findings, breast cancer cells genetically manipulated using a dCRISPR approach to express high levels of endogenous CDK18 exhibited an increased sensitivity to replication stress-inducing chemotherapeutic agents, as a consequence to defective replication stress signalling at the molecular level. Conclusions These data reveal that CDK18 protein levels may predict breast cancer disease progression and response to chemotherapy, and provide further rationale for potential targeting of CDK18 as part of novel anti-cancer strategies for human cancers. Materials and Methods CDK18 protein expression was evaluated in 1650 breast cancers and correlated to clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes. Similar analyses were carried out for genetic and transcriptomic changes in CDK18 within several publically available breast cancer cohorts. Additionally, we used a deactivated CRISPR/Cas9 approach (dCRISPR) to elucidate the molecular consequences of heightened endogenous CDK18 expression within breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Barone
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arvind Arora
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anil Ganesh
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tarek Abdel-Fatah
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Moseley
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reem Ali
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Yt Chan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Constantinos Savva
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristina Schiavone
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Natasha Carmell
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katie N Myers
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Spencer J Collis
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Altered RECQL5 expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma increases cellular proliferation and makes RECQL5 helicase activity a novel target for chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76140-76150. [PMID: 27764811 PMCID: PMC5342802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQ helicases are a family of enzymes with both over lapping and unique functions. Functional autosomal recessive loss of three members of the family BLM, WRN and RECQL4, results in hereditary human syndromes characterized by cancer predisposition and premature aging, but despite the finding that RECQL5 deficient mice are cancer prone, no such link has been made to human RECQL5. Here we demonstrate that human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCC) has increased expression of RECQL5 compared to normal bladder tissue and that increasing RECQL5 expression can drive proliferation of normal bladder cells and is associated with poor prognosis. Further, by expressing a helicase dead RECQL5 and by depleting bladder cancer cells of RECQL5 we show that inhibition of RECQL5 activity has potential as a new target for treatment of UCC.
Collapse
|
25
|
Stirnweiss A, Oommen J, Kotecha RS, Kees UR, Beesley AH. Molecular-genetic profiling and high-throughput in vitro drug screening in NUT midline carcinoma-an aggressive and fatal disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112313-112329. [PMID: 29348827 PMCID: PMC5762512 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare and aggressive cancer, with survival typically less than seven months, that can arise in people of any age. Genetically, NMC is defined by the chromosomal fusion of NUTM1 with a chromatin-binding partner, typically the bromodomain-containing protein BRD4. However, little is known about other genetic aberrations in this disease. In this study, we used a unique panel of cell lines to describe the molecular-genetic features of NMC. Next-generation sequencing identified a recurring high-impact mutation in the DNA-helicase gene RECQL5 in 75% of lines studied, and biological signals from mutation-signature and network analyses consistent with a general failure in DNA-repair. A high-throughput drug screen confirmed that microtubule inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors and anthracyclines are highly cytotoxic in the majority of NMC lines, and that cell lines expressing the BRD4-NUTM1 (exon11:exon2) variant are an order of magnitude more responsive to bromodomain inhibitors (iBETs) on average than those with other BRD4-NUTM1 translocation variants. We also identified a highly significant correlation between iBET and aurora kinase inhibitor efficacy in this study. Integration of exome sequencing, transcriptome, and drug sensitivity profiles suggested that aberrant activity of the nuclear receptor co-activator NCOA3 may correlate with poor response to iBETs. In conclusion, our data emphasize the heterogeneity of NMC and highlights genetic aberrations that could be explored to improve therapeutic strategies. The novel finding of a recurring RECQL5 mutation, together with recent reports of chromoplexy in this disease, suggests that DNA-repair pathways are likely to play a central role in NMC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stirnweiss
- Leukaemia and Cancer Genetics Program, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Drug Discovery Group, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joyce Oommen
- Leukaemia and Cancer Genetics Program, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Leukaemia and Cancer Genetics Program, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Leukaemia and Cancer Genetics Program, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alex H Beesley
- Leukaemia and Cancer Genetics Program, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mo D, Zhao Y, Balajee AS. Human RecQL4 helicase plays multifaceted roles in the genomic stability of normal and cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 413:1-10. [PMID: 29080750 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human RecQ helicases that share homology with E. coli RecQ helicase play critical roles in diverse biological activities such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair. Mutations in three of the five human RecQ helicases (RecQ1, WRN, BLM, RecQL4 and RecQ5) result in autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by accelerated aging symptoms and cancer incidence. Mutational inactivation of Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM) genes results in Werner syndrome (WS) and Bloom syndrome (BS) respectively. However, mutations in RecQL4 result in three human disorders: (I) Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), (II) RAPADILINO and (III) Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS). Cells from WS, BS and RTS are characterized by a unique chromosomal anomaly indicating that each of the RecQ helicases performs specialized function(s) in a non-redundant manner. Elucidating the biological functions of RecQ helicases will enable us to understand not only the aging process but also to determine the cause for age-associated human diseases. Recent biochemical and molecular studies have given new insights into the multifaceted roles of RecQL4 that range from genomic stability to carcinogenesis and beyond. This review summarizes some of the existing and emerging knowledge on diverse biological functions of RecQL4 and its significance as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Mo
- Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing CN 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing CN 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Studies of lncRNAs in DNA double strand break repair: what is new? Oncotarget 2017; 8:102690-102704. [PMID: 29254281 PMCID: PMC5731991 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ‘junk DNA’ that has haunted human genetics for a long time now turns out to hold enormous hidden treasures. As species had their genomes and transcriptomes sequenced, there are an overwhelming number of lncRNA transcripts being reported, however, less than 100 of them have been functionally characterized. DNA damage is recognized and quickly repaired by the cell, with increased expression of numerous genes involved in DNA repair. Most of the time the studies have focused only on proteins involved in these signaling pathways. However, recent studies have implied that lncRNAs can be broadly induced by DNA damage and regulate DNA repair processes by various mechanisms. In this paper, we focus on recent advances in the identification and functional characterization of novel lncRNAs participating in DNA double strand break repair.
Collapse
|
28
|
Green AR, Aleskandarany MA, Ali R, Hodgson EG, Atabani S, De Souza K, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Madhusudan S. Clinical Impact of Tumor DNA Repair Expression and T-cell Infiltration in Breast Cancers. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:292-299. [PMID: 28254786 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impaired DNA repair drives mutagenicity, which increases neoantigen load and immunogenicity. We investigated the expression of proteins involved in the DNA damage response (ATM, Chk2), double-strand break repair (BRCA1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, RECQL5, TOPO2A, DNA-PKcs, Ku70/Ku80), nucleotide excision repair (ERCC1), base excision repair (XRCC1, pol β, FEN1, PARP1), and immune responses (CD8, PD-1, PD-L1, FOXP3) in 1,269 breast cancers and validated our findings in an independent estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) cohort (n = 279). Patients with tumors that expressed low XRCC1, low ATM, and low BRCA1 were not only associated with high numbers of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but were also linked to higher grades, high proliferation indexes, presence of dedifferentiated cells, ER- cells, and poor survival (all P ≤ 0.01). PD-1+ or PD-L1+ breast cancers with low XRCC1 were also linked to an aggressive phenotype that was high grade, had high proliferation indexes, contained dedifferentiated cells and ER- (all with P values ≤ 0.01), and poor survival (P = 0.00021 and P = 0.00022, for PD-1+ and PD-L1+ cancers, respectively) including in an independent ER- validation cohort (P = 0.007 and P = 0.047, respectively). We conclude that the interplay between DNA repair, CD8, PD-L1, and PD-1 can promote aggressive tumor phenotypes. XRCC1-directed personalization of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy may be feasible and warrants further investigation in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(4); 292-9. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Green
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reem Ali
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Grace Hodgson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Suha Atabani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen De Souza
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. .,Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
DNA damage repair in breast cancer and its therapeutic implications. Pathology 2016; 49:156-165. [PMID: 28034453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) involves the activation of numerous cellular activities that repair DNA lesions and maintain genomic integrity, and is critical in preventing tumorigenesis. Inherited or acquired mutations in specific genes involved in the DNA damage response, for example the breast cancer susceptibility genes 1/2 (BRCA1/2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and P53 are associated with various subtypes of breast cancer. Such changes can render breast cancer cells particularly sensitive to specific DNA damage response inhibitors, for example BRCA1/2 germline mutated cells are sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. The aims of this review are to discuss specific DNA damage response defects in breast cancer and to present the current stage of development of various DDR inhibitors (namely PARP, ATM/ATR, DNA-PK, PARG, RECQL5, FEN1 and APE1) for breast cancer mono- and combination therapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Arora A, Parvathaneni S, Aleskandarany MA, Agarwal D, Ali R, Abdel-Fatah T, Green AR, Ball GR, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Sharma S, Madhusudan S. Clinicopathological and Functional Significance of RECQL1 Helicase in Sporadic Breast Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:239-250. [PMID: 27837030 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RECQL1, a key member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases, is required for DNA replication and DNA repair. Two recent studies have shown that germline RECQL1 mutations are associated with increased breast cancer susceptibility. Whether altered RECQL1 expression has clinicopathologic significance in sporadic breast cancers is unknown. We evaluated RECQL1 at the transcriptomic level (METABRIC cohort, n = 1,977) and at the protein level [cohort 1, n = 897; cohort 2, n = 252; cohort 3 (BRCA germline deficient), n = 74]. In RECQL1-depleted breast cancer cells, we investigated anthracycline sensitivity. High RECQL1 mRNA was associated with intClust.3 (P = 0.026), which is characterized by low genomic instability. On the other hand, low RECQL1 mRNA was linked to intClust.8 [luminal A estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subgroup; P = 0.0455] and intClust.9 (luminal B ER+ subgroup; P = 0.0346) molecular phenotypes. Low RECQL1 expression was associated with shorter breast cancer-specific survival (P = 0.001). At the protein level, low nuclear RECQL1 level was associated with larger tumor size, lymph node positivity, high tumor grade, high mitotic index, pleomorphism, dedifferentiation, ER negativity, and HER-2 overexpression (P < 0.05). In ER+ tumors that received endocrine therapy, low RECQL1 was associated with poor survival (P = 0.008). However, in ER- tumors that received anthracycline-based chemotherapy, high RECQL1 was associated with poor survival (P = 0.048). In RECQL1-depleted breast cancer cell lines, we confirmed doxorubicin sensitivity, which was associated with DNA double-strand breaks accumulation, S-phase cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. We conclude that RECQL1 has prognostic and predictive significance in breast cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 239-50. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Arora
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Swetha Parvathaneni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Devika Agarwal
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reem Ali
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Green
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sudha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC.
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. .,Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|