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Shaikh A, Ahmad F, Teoh SL, Kumar J, Yahaya MF. Honey and Alzheimer's Disease-Current Understanding and Future Prospects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020427. [PMID: 36829985 PMCID: PMC9952506 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, has been a global concern. AD is associated with the involvement of the central nervous system that causes the characteristic impaired memory, cognitive deficits, and behavioral abnormalities. These abnormalities caused by AD is known to be attributed by extracellular aggregates of amyloid beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Additionally, genetic factors such as abnormality in the expression of APOE, APP, BACE1, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 play a role in the disease. As the current treatment aims to treat the symptoms and to slow the disease progression, there has been a continuous search for new nutraceutical agent or medicine to help prevent and cure AD pathology. In this quest, honey has emerged as a powerful nootropic agent. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the high flavonoids and phenolic acids content in honey exerts its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review summarizes the effect of main flavonoid compounds found in honey on the physiological functioning of the central nervous system, and the effect of honey intake on memory and cognition in various animal model. This review provides a new insight on the potential of honey to prevent AD pathology, as well as to ameliorate the damage in the developed AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Shaikh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Tu L, Wang Z, Lv X, Xie T, Fan Z, Zhang M, Wang H, Yu X. Characteristics of Odor Identification and Hedonics and Their Association with Piriform Cortex-Based Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:247-258. [PMID: 37212099 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory identification dysfunction (OID) might be an early sign of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, odor hedonics, the ability to perceive odor pleasantness, is neglected. Also, the neural substrate of OID remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of odor identification and hedonics in aMCI and examine the potential neural correlates of OID by analyzing olfactory functional connectivity (FC) patterns in MCI. METHODS Forty-five controls and 83 aMCI patients were examined. The Chinese smell identification test was used to assess olfaction. Global cognition, memory, and social cognition were assessed. Resting-state functional networks associated with olfactory cortex seeds were compared between the cognitively normal (CN) and aMCI groups, as well as between aMCI subgroups by the degree of OID. RESULTS Compared to controls, aMCI patients had a significant deficit in olfactory identification, mainly reflected in the identification of pleasant and neutral odors. aMCI patients also rated pleasant and neutral odors much lower than controls. A positive correlation between olfaction and social cognition was found in aMCI. The seed-based FC analysis found that aMCI patients had higher FC between the right orbitofrontal cortex and right frontal lobe/middle frontal gyrus than controls. Subgroup analysis showed that, compared to aMCI without OID, aMCI with severe OID had abnormal FC in the bilateral piriform region. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OID in aMCI primarily refers to the identification of pleasant and neutral odors. The FC alterations in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and piriform cortices might contribute to the impairment in odor identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Tu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Xie
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Fan
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Khan N, Alimova Y, Clark SJ, Vekaria H, Walsh AE, Williams HC, Hawk GS, Sullivan P, Johnson LA, McClintock TS. Human APOE ɛ3 and APOE ɛ4 Alleles Have Differential Effects on Mouse Olfactory Epithelium. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1481-1494. [PMID: 34958025 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-dependent disorder whose risk is affected by genetic factors. Better models for investigating early effects of risk factors such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype are needed. OBJECTIVE To determine whether APOE genotype produces neuropathologies in an AD-susceptible neural system, we compared effects of human APOE ɛ3 (E3) and APOE ɛ4 (E4) alleles on the mouse olfactory epithelium. METHODS RNA-Seq using the STAR aligner and DESeq2, immunohistochemistry for activated caspase-3 and phosphorylated histone H3, glucose uptake after oral gavage of 2-[1,2-3H (N)]-deoxy-D-glucose, and Seahorse Mito Stress tests on dissociated olfactory mucosal cells. RESULTS E3 and E4 olfactory mucosae show 121 differentially abundant mRNAs at age 6 months. These do not indicate differences in cell type proportions, but effects on 17 odorant receptor mRNAs suggest small differences in tissue development. Ten oxidoreductases mRNAs important for cellular metabolism and mitochondria are less abundant in E4 olfactory mucosae but this does not translate into differences in cellular respiration. E4 olfactory mucosae show lower glucose uptake, characteristic of AD susceptibility and consistent with greater expression of the glucose-sensitive gene, Asns. Olfactory sensory neuron apoptosis is unaffected at age 6 months but is greater in E4 mice at 10 months. CONCLUSION Effects of human APOE alleles on mouse olfactory epithelium phenotype are apparent in early adulthood, and neuronal loss begins to increase by middle age (10 months). The olfactory epithelium is an appropriate model for the ability of human APOE alleles to modulate age-dependent effects associated with the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naazneen Khan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yelena Alimova
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sophie J Clark
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hemendra Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Adeline E Walsh
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Holden C Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory S Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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5
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Lopis D, Le Pape T, Manetta C, Conty L. Sensory Cueing of Autobiographical Memories in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison Between Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Information. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1169-1183. [PMID: 33646149 PMCID: PMC8150461 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease resulting in a progressive decline of autobiographical memories (AMs) which favors the development of psycho-behavioral disorders. One of the most popular psychosocial interventions in dementia care, Reminiscence Therapy, commonly uses sensory cueing to stimulate AMs retrieval. However, few empirical studies have investigated the impact of sensory stimulation on AMs retrieval in AD. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to determine the most relevant cue for AMs retrieval in patients with early to mild AD when comparing odors, sounds and pictures. METHODS Sixty AD patients, 60 healthy older adults (OA), and 60 healthy young adults (YA) participated in our study. Participants were presented with either 4 odors, 4 sounds, or 4 pictures. For each stimulus, they were asked to retrieve a personal memory, to rate it across 3 dimensions (emotionality, vividness, rarity) and then to date it. RESULTS Overall, results showed no clear dominance of one sensory modality over the others in evoking higher-quality AMs. However, they show that using pictures is the better way to stimulate AD patients' AM, as it helps to retrieve a higher number of memories that are also less frequently retrieved, followed by odors. By contrast, auditory cueing with environmental sounds presented no true advantage. CONCLUSION Our data should help dementia care professionals to increase the efficiency of Reminiscence Therapy using sensory elicitors. Other clinical implications and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Lopis
- ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thibault Le Pape
- International Flavors & Fragrances (Inc.), Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Céline Manetta
- International Flavors & Fragrances (Inc.), Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Conty
- Laboratory Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), University of Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
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Assessment of odor hedonic perception: the Sniffin' sticks parosmia test (SSParoT). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18019. [PMID: 33093474 PMCID: PMC7581750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized as distorted odor perception and can have a profound effect on quality of life of affected individuals. Parosmia and phantosmia represent the two main subgroups of qualitative impairment and are currently diagnosed based on patient history only. We have developed a test method which measures qualitative olfactory function based on the odors of the Sniffin’ Sticks Identification subtest. The newly developed test is called Sniffin’ Sticks Parosmia Test (SSParoT). SSParoT uses hedonic estimates of two oppositely valenced odors (pleasant and unpleasant) to assess hedonic range (HR) and hedonic direction (HD), which represent qualitative olfactory perception. HR is defined as the perceivable hedonic distance between two oppositely valenced odors, while HD serves as an indicator for overall hedonic perception of odors. This multicenter study enrolled a total of 162 normosmic subjects in four consecutive experiments. Cluster analysis was used to group odors from the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks Identification test and 24-additional odors into clusters with distinct hedonic properties. Eleven odor pairs were found to be suitable for estimation of HR and HD. Analysis showed agreement between test–retest sessions for all odor pairs. SSparoT might emerge as a valuable tool to assess qualitative olfactory function in health and disease.
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Functional Connectome Analyses Reveal the Human Olfactory Network Organization. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0551-19.2020. [PMID: 32471848 PMCID: PMC7418535 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0551-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory system is uniquely heterogeneous, performing multifaceted functions (beyond basic sensory processing) across diverse, widely distributed neural substrates. While knowledge of human olfaction continues to grow, it remains unclear how the olfactory network is organized to serve this unique set of functions. The olfactory system is uniquely heterogeneous, performing multifaceted functions (beyond basic sensory processing) across diverse, widely distributed neural substrates. While knowledge of human olfaction continues to grow, it remains unclear how the olfactory network is organized to serve this unique set of functions. Leveraging a large and high-quality resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) dataset of nearly 900 participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we identified a human olfactory network encompassing cortical and subcortical regions across the temporal and frontal lobes. Highlighting its reliability and generalizability, the connectivity matrix of this olfactory network mapped closely onto that extracted from an independent rs-fMRI dataset. Graph theoretical analysis further explicated the organizational principles of the network. The olfactory network exhibits a modular composition of three (i.e., the sensory, limbic, and frontal) subnetworks and demonstrates strong small-world properties, high in both global integration and local segregation (i.e., circuit specialization). This network organization thus ensures the segregation of local circuits, which are nonetheless integrated via connecting hubs [i.e., amygdala (AMY) and anterior insula (INSa)], thereby enabling the specialized, yet integrative, functions of olfaction. In particular, the degree of local segregation positively predicted olfactory discrimination performance in the independent sample, which we infer as a functional advantage of the network organization. In sum, an olfactory functional network has been identified through the large HCP dataset, affording a representative template of the human olfactory functional neuroanatomy. Importantly, the topological analysis of the olfactory network provides network-level insights into the remarkable functional specialization and spatial segregation of the olfactory system.
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Windon MJ, Kim SJ, Oh ES, Lin SY. Predictive value of olfactory impairment for cognitive decline among cognitively normal adults. Laryngoscope 2020; 130:840-847. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.28166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melina J. Windon
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
| | - Sun Joo Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
| | - Esther S. Oh
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and NeuropathologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
| | - Sandra Y. Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
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9
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Prediger RD, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Moreira ELG, Rial D. Animal models of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 164:431-452. [PMID: 31604561 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63855-7.00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction seems to occur earlier than classic motor and cognitive symptoms in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the use of the olfactory system as a clinical marker for neurodegenerative diseases is helpful in the characterization of prodromal stages of these diseases, early diagnostic strategies, differential diagnosis, and, potentially, prediction of treatment success. The use of genetic and neurotoxin animal models has contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. In this chapter, we provide an overview of behavioral and neurochemical alterations observed in animal models of different neurodegenerative diseases (such as genetic and Aβ infusion models for AD and neurotoxins and genetic models of PD), in which olfactory dysfunction has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Marissa G Schamne
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tuane B Sampaio
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L G Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences¸ Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rial
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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10
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Silva MDME, Mercer PBS, Witt MCZ, Pessoa RR. Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease Systematic review and meta-analysis. Dement Neuropsychol 2018; 12:123-132. [PMID: 29988355 PMCID: PMC6022986 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition, is one of the most prevalent kinds of dementia, whose frequency doubles for every 5 years of age in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renata Ramina Pessoa
- MD. Hospital da Cruz Vermelha Filial do Paraná. Neurology Department. Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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11
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Atanasova B, Mondon K, Dreyfuss L, Beaufils E, Desmidt T, Hommet C, El-Hage W, Belzung C. Hedonic Assessment of Odors: A Comparison of Two Sensory Scales for Use with Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Elderly Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:929-938. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boriana Atanasova
- INSERM U1253, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Karl Mondon
- INSERM U1253, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de médecine interne Gériatrique, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Lise Dreyfuss
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- BIOFORTIS Sensory and Consumer, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Emilie Beaufils
- INSERM U1253, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de médecine interne Gériatrique, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Desmidt
- INSERM U1253, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de médecine interne Gériatrique, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Hommet
- INSERM U1253, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de médecine interne Gériatrique, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- INSERM U1253, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Catherine Belzung
- INSERM U1253, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
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12
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Rey NL, Wesson DW, Brundin P. The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 109:226-248. [PMID: 28011307 PMCID: PMC5972535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory deficits are present in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and are accompanied by pathology in related brain regions. In several of these disorders, olfactory disturbances appear early and are considered as prodromal symptoms of the disease. In addition, pathological protein aggregates affect olfactory regions prior to other regions, suggesting that the olfactory system might be particularly vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. Exposed to the external environment, the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb allow pathogen and toxin penetration into the brain, a process that has been proposed to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases. Determining whether the olfactory bulb could be a starting point of pathology and of pathology spread is crucial to understanding how neurodegenerative diseases evolve. We argue that pathological changes following environmental insults contribute to the initiation of protein aggregation in the olfactory bulb, which then triggers the spread of the pathology within the brain by a templating mechanism in a prion-like manner. We review the evidence for the early involvement of olfactory structures in neurodegenerative diseases and the relationship between neuropathology and olfactory function. We discuss the vulnerability and putative underlying mechanisms by which pathology could be initiated in the olfactory bulb, from the entry of pathogens (promoted by increased permeability of the olfactory epithelium with aging or inflammation) to the sensitivity of the olfactory system to oxidative stress and inflammation. Finally, we review changes in protein expression and neural excitability triggered by pathogenic proteins that can promote pathogenesis in the olfactory bulb and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwen L Rey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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13
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Joussain P, Bessy M, Fournel A, Ferdenzi C, Rouby C, Delphin-Combe F, Krolak-Salmon P, Bensafi M. Altered Affective Evaluations of Smells in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:433-41. [PMID: 26484905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of olfaction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mainly focused on deficits in odor detection and identification, with very few investigations of olfactory emotional changes and their consequences for hedonics. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to characterize affective evaluations of odors in AD patients. METHODS To this end, 20 AD patients and 20 matched controls were tested. Participants were screened for odor detection and identification ability and then asked to rate the intensity, pleasantness, and edibility of 20 odorants. RESULTS Results showed that, overall, AD patients had lower detection ability and perceived all odors as weaker than controls. As expected, they had lower identification ability on both cued and non-cued tasks. In addition, when smelling pleasant odors, patients had significantly lower hedonic ratings than controls (p < 0.02), whereas no group difference was found for neutral or unpleasant odors (p > 0.05 in both cases). Moreover, an analysis combining both intensity and pleasantness ratings showed that whereas intensity increased as a function of pleasantness and unpleasantness in controls, this quadratic relationship was not observed in AD patients. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the simplest categorization criteria of odors (intensity and hedonic valence) are impaired in AD patients (especially for pleasant odors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Joussain
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
| | - Marion Bessy
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Fournel
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
| | - Camille Ferdenzi
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Rouby
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.,Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, France
| | - Moustafa Bensafi
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, France
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14
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Demarquay G, Royet JP, Giraud P, Chazot G, Valade D, Ryvlin P. Rating of Olfactory Judgements in Migraine Patients. Cephalalgia 2016; 26:1123-30. [PMID: 16919063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory hypersensitivity (OHS) between attacks in migraine patients. Seventy-four migraine patients and 30 controls were enrolled. The presence of OHS was evaluated using an oral questionnaire and a chemical odour intolerance index. Subjects had to rate the intensity and hedonicity of 12 odourants using a linear rating scale. Twenty-six patients (35.2±) but no control subjects reported an interictal OHS ( P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with OHS presented a greater attack frequency, a higher number of odour-induced migraines and visual hypersensitivity when compared with other patients. Disease duration, age, gender and auditory hypersensitivity were not associated with OHS. OHS patients judged odours less pleasant than did other patients and controls, whereas the intensity scores were identical in both groups. OHS between attacks was significantly associated with odour-triggered migraine and an alteration of hedonic judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Demarquay
- Unité de Neurologie Fonctionnelle et d'Epileptologie, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, and Neuroscience and Sensory Systems, Claude-Bernard University, Lyon, France.
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15
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Proskynitopoulos PJ, Stippler M, Kasper EM. Post-traumatic anosmia in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): A systematic and illustrated review. Surg Neurol Int 2016; 7:S263-75. [PMID: 27213113 PMCID: PMC4866055 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.181981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a disorder associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is prevalent in up to 20% of patients suffering from TBI. Nevertheless, most studies focusing on the relationship between OD and TBIs do not differentiate between the different types of TBI (mild, medium, and severe). In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the existing literature for the association between mild TBI (mTBI) and OD in order to examine their relationship, focusing on its neurosurgical management and the radiographic characteristics. Methods: The MEDLINE database was systematically reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. We found 66 articles, of which 10 fulfilled our criteria. Results: All except two studies reported a significant association between trauma severity and olfaction. Two studies found a negative correlation between TBI severity and olfactory bulb volume with one reporting an r value of −0.62). Three studies reported an association between the observation of radiographic intracranial hemorrhage or skull base fractures and the history of TBI. Conclusion: According to our search results, we conclude that OD is a prevalent but underdiagnosed problem in mTBI. Because OD is associated with a significant decrease in quality of life, we think that neurosurgical teams need to asses olfactory function in mTBI patients when they report to clinics. To illustrate this scenario, we include two distinct cases of patients with anosmia after mTBI in this review. Finally, we suggest a treatment algorithm for patients with mTBI so that a possible OD can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Stippler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Ekkehard M Kasper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
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16
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Methven L, Jiménez-Pranteda ML, Lawlor JB. Sensory and consumer science methods used with older adults: A review of current methods and recommendations for the future. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Wicker B, Monfardini E, Royet JP. Olfactory processing in adults with autism spectrum disorders. Mol Autism 2016; 7:4. [PMID: 26788281 PMCID: PMC4717566 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-016-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As evidenced in the DSM-V, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by atypical sensory behavior (hyper- or hypo-reactivity), but very few studies have evaluated olfactory abilities in individuals with ASD. Methods Fifteen adults with ASD and 15 typically developing participants underwent olfactory tests focused on superficial (suprathreshold detection task), perceptual (intensity and pleasantness judgment tasks), and semantic (identification task) odor processing. Results In terms of suprathreshold detection performance, decreased discrimination scores and increased bias scores were observed in the ASD group. Furthermore, the participants with ASD exhibited increased intensity judgment scores and impaired scores for pleasantness judgments of unpleasant odorants. Decreased identification performance was also observed in the participants with ASD compared with the typically developing participants. This decrease was partly attributed to a higher number of near misses (a category close to veridical labels) among the participants with ASD than was observed among the typically developing participants. Conclusions The changes in discrimination and bias scores were the result of a high number of false alarms among the participants with ASD, which suggests the adoption of a liberal attitude in their responses. Atypical intensity and pleasantness ratings were associated with hyperresponsiveness and flattened emotional reactions, respectively, which are typical of participants with ASD. The high number of near misses as non-veridical labels suggested that categorical processing is functional in individuals with ASD and could be explained by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These findings are discussed in terms of dysfunction of the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Wicker
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone. CNRS & Université Aix-Marseille, Campus Santé Timone 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Elisabetta Monfardini
- Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, Lyon, F-69000 France ; University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000 France ; Institut de Médecine Environnementale, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Royet
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Olfaction : From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon, F-69000 France ; University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000 France
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18
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Wehling EI, Lundervold AJ, Nordin S, Wollschlaeger D. Longitudinal Changes in Familiarity, Free and Cued Odor Identification, and Edibility Judgments for Odors in Aging Individuals. Chem Senses 2015; 41:155-61. [PMID: 26547014 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated changes in olfaction as assessed by a set of tasks requiring different aspects of semantic information in normal aging individuals. Using 16 odorous items from a standardized olfactory test, the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test, 107 middle aged and older adults were assessed up to three times over a period of 6.5 years, requesting them to rate familiarity and edibility for each odorous item before identifying it with or without presenting verbal cues. Using linear mixed models, the longitudinal analyses revealed significant correlations between all olfactory measures. Furthermore, we found an almost parallel age-related decline in all olfactory tasks, although free identification performance indicated a trend toward faster decline with age. Women showed less decline compared with men, in particular for edibility judgments. The results corroborate earlier cross-sectional findings showing significant correlations between the olfactory tasks. In the present study of healthy middle-aged and older adults, we found a parallel longitudinal decline across different tests of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike I Wehling
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Kavli Centre for Aging and Dementia Research, Haraldsplass Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Department for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven Nordin
- Department of Psychology, University of Umeå, Sweden and
| | - Daniel Wollschlaeger
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Huart C, Rombaux P, Gérard T, Hanseeuw B, Lhommel R, Quenon L, Ivanoiu A, Mouraux A. Unirhinal Olfactory Testing for the Diagnostic Workup of Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 47:253-70. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-141494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Huart
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Rombaux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gérard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renaud Lhommel
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Quenon
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Naudin M, Atanasova B. Olfactory markers of depression and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:262-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Hudry J, Ryvlin P, Saive AL, Ravel N, Plailly J, Royet JP. Lateralization of olfactory processing: differential impact of right and left temporal lobe epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 37:184-90. [PMID: 25048728 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory processes were reported to be lateralized. The purpose of this study was to further explore this phenomenon and investigate the effect of the hemispheric localization of epileptogenic foci on olfactory deficits in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Olfactory functioning was assessed in 61 patients and 60 healthy control (HC) subjects. The patients and HC subjects were asked to rate the intensity, pleasantness, familiarity, and edibility of 12 common odorants and then identify them. Stimulations were delivered monorhinally in the nostril ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus in TLE and arbitrarily in either the left or the right nostril in the HC subjects. The results demonstrated that regardless of the side of stimulation, patients with TLE had reduced performance in all olfactory tasks compared with the HC subjects. With regard to the side of the epileptogenic focus, patients with left TLE judged odors as less pleasant and had more difficulty with identification than patients with right TLE, underlining a privileged role of the left hemisphere in the emotional and semantic processing of odors. Finally, irrespective of group, a tendency towards a right-nostril advantage for judging odor familiarity was found in agreement with a prominent role of the right hemisphere in odor memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hudry
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; TIGER, Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS 5292, Lyon-1 University, Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Swizterland
| | - Anne-Lise Saive
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Ravel
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Jane Plailly
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Royet
- Olfaction: From Coding to Memory Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, France.
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22
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Clepce M, Neumann K, Martus P, Nitsch M, Wielopolski J, Koch A, Kornhuber J, Reich K, Thuerauf N. The Psychophysical Assessment of Odor Valence: Does an Anchor Stimulus Influence the Hedonic Evaluation of Odors? Chem Senses 2013; 39:17-25. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjt050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Sun GH, Raji CA, Maceachern MP, Burke JF. Olfactory identification testing as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's dementia: a systematic review. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:1455-62. [PMID: 22552846 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the utility of olfactory identification tests as prognostic instruments for Alzheimer's dementia (AD). STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to determine the quality and quantity of longitudinal and cross-sectional research on this topic. RESULTS Two prospective longitudinal cohort studies and 30 cross-sectional studies met inclusion criteria. The prospective longitudinal studies evaluated subjects with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) while also using olfactory identification testing as part of a neurocognitive evaluation. The first study reported an increased risk of later onset of AD in subjects with baseline hyposmia, whereas the second study suggested a possible relationship between decreased olfaction in participants with MCI and conversion to AD but was inconclusive due to low follow-up rates. Wide variability in the type of olfactory identification test used and the reporting of results precluded meta-analysis. The cross-sectional studies demonstrated a positive association between poorer performance on olfactory identification testing and AD. CONCLUSIONS Although there is evidence suggesting an association between decreased olfaction and AD, rigorously designed longitudinal cohort studies are necessary to clarify the value of olfactory identification testing in predicting the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon H Sun
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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24
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Cassano T, Romano A, Macheda T, Colangeli R, Cimmino CS, Petrella A, LaFerla FM, Cuomo V, Gaetani S. Olfactory memory is impaired in a triple transgenic model of Alzheimer disease. Behav Brain Res 2011; 224:408-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Li W, Howard JD, Gottfried JA. Disruption of odour quality coding in piriform cortex mediates olfactory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2010; 133:2714-26. [PMID: 20724290 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease exhibit perceptual deficits in odour identification, often before the appearance of overt memory loss. This impairment coincides with the initial accumulation of pathological lesions in limbic olfactory brain regions. Although these data imply that odour stimuli may be effectively used as biological probes of limbic dysfunction, the precise neural mechanisms underlying the olfactory deficits in early Alzheimer's disease remain poorly understood. In the current study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with an olfactory cross-adaptation paradigm to test the hypothesis that perceptual codes of odour quality in posterior piriform cortex are degraded in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In elderly control subjects, sequential presentation of qualitatively similar (versus qualitatively different) odourant pairs elicited cross-adapting responses in posterior piriform cortex, in accord with the pattern observed in healthy young adults. However, this profile was significantly blunted in patients with Alzheimer's disease, reflecting a functional disruption of odour quality coding in this olfactory brain area. These results highlight the potential of olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging as a non-invasive bioassay of limbic functional integrity, and suggest that such an index could possibly aid in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, as a putative lesion model of odour quality processing in the human brain, our study suggests a causal role of posterior piriform cortex in differentiating olfactory objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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26
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Wehling EI, Nordin S, Espeseth T, Reinvang I, Lundervold AJ. Familiarity, Cued and Free Odor Identification and Their Association with Cognitive Functioning in Middle Aged and Older Adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2010; 17:205-19. [DOI: 10.1080/13825580903042684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Wilson RS, Arnold SE, Schneider JA, Boyle PA, Buchman AS, Bennett DA. Olfactory impairment in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1170:730-5. [PMID: 19686220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs olfaction, but it is uncertain how early this occurs in the disease process and whether the effect can be accounted for by other behavioral or genetic markers of the disease. We administered the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) to 471 older people without dementia or cognitive impairment who then completed annual clinical evaluations and brain autopsy at death. BSIT score was associated with more rapid decline in episodic memory and with increased risk of developing incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), even after controlling for baseline level of episodic memory and possession of an apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele. In 34 people who died without evidence of cognitive impairment, lower BSIT score was associated with higher level of AD pathology, even after controlling for epsilon4 and for level of episodic memory function when olfaction was assessed. These analyses suggest that among older people without clinical manifestations of AD or MCI, olfactory dysfunction is related to both the level of AD pathology in the brain and the risk of subsequently developing prodromal symptoms of the disease, and that these associations persist after accounting for the effects of other recognized behavioral and genetic markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Cetner, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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28
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Odor Memory Performance and Memory Awareness: A Comparison to Word Memory Across Orienting Tasks and Retention Intervals. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-009-9051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Guevara-Guzmán R, Arriaga V, Kendrick KM, Bernal C, Vega X, Mercado-Gómez OF, Rivas-Arancibia S. Estradiol prevents ozone-induced increases in brain lipid peroxidation and impaired social recognition memory in female rats. Neuroscience 2009; 159:940-50. [PMID: 19356678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the neurodegenerative and behavioral consequences of ozone pollution in industrialized urban centers throughout the world and that women may be more susceptible to brain neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study we have investigated the effects of chronic (30 or 60 days) exposure to ozone on olfactory perception and memory and on levels of lipid peroxidation, alpha and beta estrogen receptors and dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the olfactory bulb in ovariectomized female rats. The ability of 17beta-estradiol to prevent these effects was then assessed. Results showed that ozone exposure for 30 or 60 days impaired formation/retention of a selective olfactory recognition memory 120 min after exposure to a juvenile stimulus animal with the effect at 60 days being significantly greater than at 30 days. They also showed impaired speed in locating a buried chocolate reward after 60 days of ozone exposure indicating some loss of olfactory perception. These functional impairments could all be prevented by coincident estradiol treatment. In the olfactory bulb, levels of lipid peroxidation were increased at both 30- and 60-day time-points and numbers of cells with immunohistochemical staining for alpha and beta estrogen receptors, and dopamine beta-hydroxylase were reduced as were alpha and beta estrogen receptor protein levels. These effects were prevented by estradiol treatment. Oxidative stress damage caused by chronic exposure to ozone does therefore impair olfactory perception and social recognition memory and may do so by reducing noradrenergic and estrogen receptor activity in the olfactory bulb. That these effects can be prevented by estradiol treatment suggests increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders in aging women may be contributed to by reduced estrogen levels post-menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70250, Mexico 04510, D.F, Mexico.
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Markovic K, Reulbach U, Vassiliadu A, Lunkenheimer J, Lunkenheimer B, Spannenberger R, Thuerauf N. Good News for Elderly Persons: Olfactory Pleasure Increases at Later Stages of the Life Span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:1287-93. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.11.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Demarquay G, Ryvlin P, Royet JP. Olfaction et pathologies neurologiques : revue de la littérature. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2007; 163:155-67. [PMID: 17351535 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory disorders are often misjudged and rarely rated in the clinical setting. They are nevertheless described in a wide range of neurological disorders, and their evaluation can be useful for diagnosis. Usually irreversible olfactory dysfunction is a well-known complication after head trauma. Severe changes in olfactory tests are observed in Parkinson's disease. Dysfunction is present at disease onset and evidenced with all behavioral tests. Regarding other parkinsonian syndromes, olfactory performances are severely impaired in Lewy body disease, less pronounced in multiple system atrophy and usually preserved in corticobasal degeneration. Olfactory deficits are an early feature in Alzheimer's disease and worsen with disease progression. Rarely reported by patients, they must be searched for with olfactory tests. Though epilepsy is mainly known for its olfactory hallucinatory disorders, alterations of olfactory abilities are also described, especially in mesial temporal epilepsy. Disorders of olfactory perception are finally reported in patients with multiple sclerosis and migraine. After a reminder of anatomical data on the olfactory system, and the different methods of testing used to rate olfactory performances, the current review focuses on the type of olfactory dysfunction and damaged brain areas of the olfactory system encountered in the main neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Demarquay
- Unité de Neurologie Fonctionnelle et d'Epileptologie, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon.
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Luzzi S, Snowden JS, Neary D, Coccia M, Provinciali L, Lambon Ralph MA. Distinct patterns of olfactory impairment in Alzheimer's disease, semantic dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and corticobasal degeneration. Neuropsychologia 2006; 45:1823-31. [PMID: 17270222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Performance on tests of odour discrimination, naming, and matching was compared in patients with four distinct forms of neurodegenerative disease: Alzheimer's disease (AD), semantic dementia (SD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The SD patients were found to have a severe impairment of identification from olfaction despite having normal discrimination, consistent with the multimodal semantic impairment characteristic of this patient group. The AD patients' poor odour discrimination suggests that a perceptual impairment is the root of their poor odour identification. Mild impairments in odour identification observed in FTD and CBD are consistent with their generalised executive dysfunction. The findings illustrate that breakdown in olfaction can occur at a perceptual or semantic level, analogous to the distinction between apperceptive and associative forms of deficit in the visual and auditory modalities. The findings add further insights into the nature of the semantic deficit in SD by exploring a hitherto neglected modality and may have relevance in explaining the altered eating habits commonly associated with SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Luzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Ancona, Italy.
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Kirkpatrick MAF, Combest W, Newton M, Teske Y, Cavendish J, McGee R, Przychodzin D. Combining olfaction and cognition measures to screen for mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2006; 2:565-70. [PMID: 19412504 PMCID: PMC2671946 DOI: 10.2147/nedt.2006.2.4.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This exploratory study examined the relationship between performance on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) to identify a possible association between olfaction and mild cognitive impairment(MCI). DESIGN AND METHODS 54 community-dwelling older (ages 49-91) volunteers were given the UPSIT and ACE. RESULTS The ACE identified 7 subjects (13%) who had probable MCI. UPSIT total scores were significantly related to ACE total scores (r = 0.37, p = 0.005). Four specific odorants (mint, lime, chocolate, and cheddar cheese) from the UPSIT identified 4 of the 7 (57.1%) probable MCI subjects. The prevalence rate of MCI in subjects over 65 was 19.4%. IMPLICATIONS Selective odorants in UPSIT used with ACE show promise as a non-invasive method of detecting MCI in community dwelling elders. Detection of MCI could facilitate earlier interventions and treatment of dementia.
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Wilson RS, Arnold SE, Tang Y, Bennett DA. Odor identification and decline in different cognitive domains in old age. Neuroepidemiology 2005; 26:61-7. [PMID: 16352908 DOI: 10.1159/000090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors examined the association of odor identification with rate of decline in different cognitive systems. Participants are 481 older persons from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. At baseline, the Brief Smell Identification Test was administered. At annual intervals for up to 3 years, a battery of 19 cognitive tests was administered from which previously established composite measures of 5 cognitive domains were derived. In mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, and education, lower odor identification score was associated with lower function at baseline in each cognitive domain. Lower score was also associated with more rapid decline in perceptual speed (estimate=0.015, SE=0.006, p=0.013) and episodic memory (estimate=0.012, SE=0.006, p=0.030) but not with rate of decline in semantic memory, working memory, or visuospatial ability. Thus, on average, a person with a low odor identification score (6, 10th percentile) declined more than twice as rapidly in perceptual speed and episodic memory as a person with a high score (11, 90th percentile). Results were unchanged in subsequent analyses that controlled for cigarette smoking or clinically diagnosed stroke. The results indicate that impaired odor identification in old age is associated with impaired global cognition and more rapid decline in perceptual processing speed and episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
This article focuses on the change in olfaction and taste with aging. It discusses histopathology with an emphasis on age-related changes, causes of chemosensory dysfunction in the elderly, how to evaluate a patient with dysfunction, useful tests and imaging, clinical consequences of chemosensory impairments, and available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Seiberling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 North St. Claire Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Moore AB, Bondi MW, Salmon DP, Murphy C. Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Auditory and Olfactory Stimuli: Performance Among Older Adults With and Without the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele. Neuropsychology 2005; 19:437-45. [PMID: 16060818 DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrate slowed acquisition of the conditioned response (CR) in eyeblink classical conditioning paradigms (EBCC), although it is unknown how early in the course of the disease CR acquisition is affected. This study investigated whether changes in the rate of CR acquisition were apparent in nondemented older adults at greater genetic risk for developing AD (i.e., carriers of the apolipoprotein E [APOE] epsilon 4 allele). Both epsilon 4+ and epsilon 4- participants demonstrated CR acquisition to auditory and olfactory CSs; however, rate of acquisition to the olfactory CS was significantly slower in epsilon 4+ persons. Both groups acquired the CR to an auditory CS at the same rate. Results support olfactory compromise in the earliest stages of the AD disease process. ((c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bacon Moore
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92120-4913, USA
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Rupp CI, Fleischhacker WW, Hausmann A, Mair D, Hinterhuber H, Kurz M. Olfactory functioning in patients with alcohol dependence: impairments in odor judgements. Alcohol Alcohol 2004; 39:514-9. [PMID: 15456691 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agh100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prior studies indicate that alcohol-dependent patients have impaired olfactory sensitivity, odor quality discrimination and identification ability. However, olfactory functioning with regard to the immediate, perception driven odor associations is unknown. Therefore, this study assessed olfactory judgements in nonamnesic and nondemented patients with alcohol dependence. METHODS Thirty alcohol-dependent patients and 30 healthy control subjects, well matched for gender, age and smoking status, and screened for olfactory sensitivity, were asked to rate intensity, familiarity, edibility and pleasantness of 16 odors using visual rating scales. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients showed lower scores in odor familiarity and impaired edibility judgements. These impairments were observed bilaterally, were present independently of age, gender, general mental abilities and length of abstinence, and not attributable to smoking or impaired olfactory sensitivity. No differences between groups were found in odor intensity and pleasantness judgements. CONCLUSION These results extend prior findings of alcohol-related olfactory deficits, indicating impairments in olfactory processes of odor familiarity and edibility in alcohol-dependent patients. Although the basis of these deficits is still unknown, our finding of a distinct pattern of olfactory functional impairment and sparing (intensity, pleasantness) [corrected] suggests that there is no generalized [corrected] olfactory dysfunction, but [corrected] neural olfactory networks may be affected differently. However, alcoholism appears to be associated with a variety of disturbances in olfactory processing [corrected]
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Rupp
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry. Bibliography. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001. [PMID: 11571778 DOI: 10.1002/gps.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley &: Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of geriatric psychiatry. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Books, Reviews &: Symposia; 2 General; 3 Assessment; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Therapy; 6 Care; 7 Dementia; 8 Depression; 9 Psychology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted
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