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Phillipou G, Seamark RF, Cox LW. A Procedure for Comprehensive Analysis of Neutral Urinary Steroids in Endocrine Investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1978.tb02405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A Simple, Convenient, and Efficient Preparative GC System that Uses a Short Megabore Capillary Column as a Trap. J Chem Ecol 2008; 34:418-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-008-9437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kirsten WJ, Mattsson PE. Precolumn, Capillary Column, Electron Capture G-AS Chromatography For High Efficiency Trace Determination. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032717108058606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Poster DL, Schantz MM, Sander LC, Wise SA. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples: a critical review of gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:859-81. [PMID: 17019586 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently measured in the atmosphere for air quality assessment, in biological tissues for health-effects monitoring, in sediments and mollusks for environmental monitoring, and in foodstuffs for safety reasons. In contemporary analysis of these complex matrices, gas chromatography (GC), rather than liquid chromatography (LC), is often the preferred approach for separation, identification, and quantification of PAHs, largely because GC generally affords greater selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity than LC. This article reviews modern-day GC and state-of-the-art GC techniques used for the determination of PAHs in environmental samples. Standard test methods are discussed. GC separations of PAHs on a variety of capillary columns are examined, and the properties and uses of selected mass spectrometric (MS) techniques are presented. PAH literature on GC with MS techniques, including chemical ionization, ion-trap MS, time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS), and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), is reviewed. Enhancements to GC, for example large-volume injection, thermal desorption, fast GC, and coupling of GC to LC, are also discussed with regard to the determination of PAHs in an effort to demonstrate the vigor and robustness GC continues to achieve in the analytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne L Poster
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
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Biedermann M, Fiscalini A, Grob K. Large volume splitless injection with concurrent solvent recondensation: Keeping the sample in place in the hot vaporizing chamber. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:1157-65. [PMID: 15537071 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An injector liner packed with a plug of glass wool is compared with a laminar and a mini laminar liner for large volume (20-50 microL) splitless injection with concurrent solvent recondensation (CSR-LV splitless injection). Videos from experiments with perylene solutions injected into imitation injectors show that glass wool perfectly arrested the sample liquid and kept it in place until the solvent had evaporated. The sample must be transferred from the needle to the glass wool as a band, avoiding 'thermospraying' by partial solvent evaporation inside the needle. The liquid contacted the liner wall when the band was directed towards it, but from there it was largely diverted to the glass wool. In the laminar liners, part of the liquid remained and evaporated at the entrance of the obstacle, while the other proceeded to the center cavity. Vapors formed in the center cavity drove liquid from the entrance of the obstacle upwards, but the importance of such problems could not be verified in the real injector. Some liquid split into small droplets broke through the obstacle and entered the column. Breakthrough through the laminar liners was confirmed by a chromatographic experiment. An improved design of a laminar liner for large volume injection is discussed as a promising alternative if glass wool causes problems originating from insufficient inertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurus Biedermann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, CH-8030 Zurich, Switzerland
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Tvrzická E, Vecka M, Staňková B, Žák A. Analysis of fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Juhler RK. Optimized method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in meat and fatty matrices. J Chromatogr A 1997; 786:145-53. [PMID: 9408987 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed and optimized for determination of residues of organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) in meat and fatty matrices. The method was developed for the national Danish monitoring programme, whereby priority was given to simplify the clean-up, avoid use of toxic and harmful organic solvents and allow quantification at ppb level using GC with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD). Homogenized meat was extracted using ethyl acetate, the co-extracted water being removed using anhydrous Na2SO4. The clean-up was done through fat precipitation by cooling the extract flowed by solid-phase extraction on C18 mini-columns. Pesticide residues were determined by GC-NPD using a DB1701 capillary column. The limit of detection was 1 to 20 ppb and limit of determination was 2 to 33 ppb and the method is feasible for control of fat-soluble OPs according to the maximum residue limits set by the European Communities. The method developed covers a broad polarity range from polar OPs, such as acephate and methamidophos, through medium polar OPs to non-polar pesticides, such as prothiofos.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Juhler
- Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Institute of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Søborg, Denmark
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Chee KK, Wong MK, Lee HK. Optimization of microwave-assisted solvent extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments using a microwave extraction system with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Variables affecting the introduction of large sample volumes in capillary gas chromatography using a programmed-temperature vaporizer. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Trevelin W, Vidal L, Landgraf M, Silva I, Rezende M. Optimization of parameters for the gas chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Anal Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Effect of solvent on the determination of oxo- and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using capillary gas chromatography with splitless injection. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87087-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Boer D, de Jong EG, Maes RA, van Rossum JM. The methyl-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterones mesterolone and drostanolone; gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric characterization of the urinary metabolites. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 42:411-9. [PMID: 1606052 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90146-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Before including the detection of the methyl-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterones mesterolone (1 alpha-methyl-17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one) and drostanolone (2 alpha-methyl-17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one) in doping control procedures, their urinary metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Several metabolites were found after enzymatic hydrolysis and conversion of the respective metabolites to their trimethylsilyl-enol-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The major metabolites of mesterolone and drostanolone were identified as 1 alpha-methyl-androsterone and 2 alpha-methyl-androsterone, respectively. The parent compounds and the intermediate 3 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxysteroid metabolites were detected as well. The reduction into the corresponding 3 beta-hydroxysteroids was a minor metabolic pathway. All metabolites were found to be conjugated to glucuronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de Boer
- Netherlands Institute for Drugs and Doping Research, Utrecht
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McCalley DV, Torres-Grifol JF. Analysis of volatiles from oranges in good and bad condition by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Analyst 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/an9921700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ma YC, Munson B. Thermal effects on the mass spectra of benzophenone oximes obtained by gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210261003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wylie PL, Phillips RJ, Klein KJ, Thompson MQ, Hermann BW. Improving splitless injection with electronic pressure programming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240141003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rodriguez PA, Eddy CL, Marcott C, Fey ML, Anast JM. Combined two-dimensional GC/MS/matrix isolation FT-IR with a versatile sample introduction system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Investigation into the factors affecting performance in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with splitless injection. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu Z, Phillips JB. Large-volume sample introduction into narrow-bore gas chromatography columns using thermal desorption modulation and signal averaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Namieśnik J, Górecki T, Biziuk M, Torres L. Isolation and preconcentration of volatile organic compounds from water. Anal Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Large volume sample application by a simplified “closed” on-column injector in capillary gas chromatography. Chromatographia 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02260450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee ML, Xu B, Huang EC, Djordjevic NM, Chang HCK, Markides KE. Liquid sample introduction methods in capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ogden MW. High resolution gas chromatography of tobacco smoke: The contributions of kurt grob. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grob K, Läubli T, Brechbühler B. Splitless injection-development and state of the art. Including a comparison of matrix (“dirt”) effects in conventional and PTV splitless injection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stan HJ, Müller HM. Evaluation of automated and manual hot-splitless, cold-splitless (PTV), and on-column injection technique using capillary gas chromatography for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Korfmacher WA, Rushing LG, Arey J, Zielinska B, Pitts JN. Identification of mononitropyrenes and mononitrofluoranthenes in air particulate matter via fused silica gas, chromatography combined with negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Reglero G, Herraiz M, Cabezudo MD. Sampling in capillary gas chromatography: A comparison between the split and the PTV-split procedures. Chromatographia 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02268785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Takayama Y, Sumiya E. Behavior of heavy solutes on a precolumn in on-column gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rushing LG, Gosnell AB, Holder CL, Korfmacher WA, Slikker W. Separation and detection of doxylamine and its rhesus monkey urinary metabolites by high resolution gas chromatography utilizing nitrogen/phosphorus detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Pretorius V, Lawson K. Stationary-phase focusing in capillary gas-liquid chromatography: Enhancement of the maximum permissible sample size. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240090505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Determination of diphenhydramine in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography using nitrogen—phosphorus detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Separation and quantitative determination of the radiolysis products of d-fructose as their O-benzyloximes. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Burrows JL, Jolley KW. Determination of oxpentifylline and four metabolites in plasma and urine by automated capillary gas chromatography using nitrogen-selective detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1985; 344:187-98. [PMID: 4086540 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A capillary gas chromatographic assay for the determination of oxpentifylline and four hydroxylated metabolites is described. Oxpentifylline, metabolites and internal standards are extracted from basified plasma or urine with chloroform and the metabolites are converted to their O-trifluoroacetates before analysis by capillary gas chromatography using nitrogen-selective detection. A high throughput of samples is achieved by use of an autosampler and a split injection technique which allows the samples to be analysed isothermally. The detection limits of the compounds are in the range 2-10 ng/ml for plasma and 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml for urine. The assay has been applied to the analysis of plasma and urine samples after the oral administration of oxpentifylline.
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Hähnel E, Wilkinson SP, Hähnel R. Urinary steroid profiles in pregnancy by capillary column gas chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 1985; 151:259-71. [PMID: 4053387 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(85)90089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative and quantitative method for the estimation of urinary steroids during pregnancy by capillary column gas chromatography has been developed. Steroid conjugates were hydrolysed by enzymes and free steroids isolated by extraction using SEP-PAK C18 cartridges. Methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives of the steroids were characterized by packed column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subsequently by their retention indices on capillary column gas chromatography. Of the 48 peaks resolved on the profiles about 35 were identified as steroids. The retention indices of reference steroids were very reproducible in the short term showing a mean coefficient of variation of 0.015%. The columns allowed 95% valley resolution of steroids whose retention indices differed by only 7 units. The use of an on-column injection technique contributed to the high precision for replicate injections (coefficient of variation less than 1%) while for reference steroids, and well-resolved peaks in the urine profile, the mean coefficient of variation for the complete assay was less than 10%. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report concerning the quantitation, with good precision, of a large number of steroids in pregnancy urine.
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Schomburg G, Häusig U, Husmann H. Quantitation in capillary gas chromatography with emphasis on the problems of sample introduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240080918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Analysis of dust and surface swab samples for octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins by fused silica capillary GC with EC detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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De Leenheer AP, Lefevere MF, Lambert WE, Colinet ES. Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry in clinical chemistry. Adv Clin Chem 1985; 24:111-61. [PMID: 3911749 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Assay of the nerve agent Soman in serum by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection and splitless injection. Chromatographia 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02262972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pike AW, Moynihan C, Kibler S, Marsh PG, Fennessey PV. Semi-micro quantitative analysis of complex urinary steroid mixtures in healthy and diseased states. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 306:39-50. [PMID: 6609165 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of urinary steroid hormones in healthy and diseased states is described. The use of a Van den Berg all-glass injector coupled to a fused silica column has shown a dramatic increase in sensitivity and a significant reduction in gas chromatography analytical time. The increase in sensitivity also eliminates the need for processing large volumes of urine. The method has proven to be rapid, precise, reproducible and sensitive. Also, column life is increased due to the absence of solvent. This technique has shown to have broad applications in the analysis of such classes of compounds as sugars, steroids, prostaglandins and fatty acids.
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Bechtold H, Klein F, Trenk D, Jähnchen E. Improved method for quantitative analysis of vitamin K1 and vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide in human plasma by electron-capture gas-liquid capillary chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 306:333-7. [PMID: 6715470 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chapter 3. Gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Waeghe TJ, Darvill AG, McNeil M, Albersheim P. Determination, by methylation analysis, of the glycosyl-linkage compositions of microgram quantities of complex carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)88484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pretorius V, Lawson K, Apps P, Bertsch W. Salute focusing by means of the solvent effect: formation of the film. J Chromatogr A 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hoffman DJ, Leveque MJ, Thomson T. Capillary GLC assay for carbinoxamine and hydrocodone in human serum using nitrogen-sensitive detection. J Pharm Sci 1983; 72:1342-4. [PMID: 6644600 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600721126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Capillary gas chromatography using an open tubular fused silica column and NP-FID was applied to the simultaneous analysis of the antihistamine, carbinoxamine, and the antitussive, hydrocodone, in human serum. Carbinoxamine and hydrocodone were extracted into methylene chloride-2-propanol (9:1) under alkaline conditions along with their respective internal standards, brompheniramine and N-ethylhydrocodone. The basic drugs were back-extracted into 0.1 N sulfuric acid and reextracted into benzene after making the aqueous phase alkaline with potassium hydroxide. The benzene extracts were evaporated to dryness and the residues were reconstituted with 40 microliter of n-nonyl alcohol-methanol (19:1). Samples (1-2 microliter) were injected onto the capillary column in the splitless mode (solvent effect) at 185 degrees and the temperature programmed to 250 degrees. Calibration curves using spiked serum standards were linear to at least 20 ng/ml for both drugs. Coefficients of variation averaged +/- 6.1% for carbinoxamine and +/- 5.0% for hydrocodone in the 2-15 ng/ml range. Sensitivity was estimated to be approximately 0.2 ng/ml for a 2-ml serum sample. Serum levels of carbinoxamine and hydrocodone were determined in a human volunteer administered these drugs.
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Hassan M, Ehrsson H. Gas chromatographic determination of busulfan in plasma with electron-capture detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1983; 277:374-80. [PMID: 6643624 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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