Quantitative Determination of Anti-Migraine Quaternary Mixture in Presence of p-Aminophenol and 4-Chloroacetanilide

Thyrotoxicosis antidote assay along with concurrent medication; chromatographic and environmental issues

A thionamide medication, Methimazole (MTZ), is a crucial antidote of thyroid hormone in cases of toxic nodular goiter or thyrotoxicosis by decreasing thyroid hormone synthesis. Propranolol (PRP), a beta blocker, is commonly co-administered with MTZ for controlling tachycardia associated with hyperthyroidism. Quantitative determination and tracing of MTZ in plasma in the presence of its co-administered medication, like PRP, is of paramount importance due to the reported toxic manifestations related to MTZ long-term administration that include agranulocytosis, hepatitis, arthritis, and skin rashes. An environmentally benign FDA-validated TLC densitometric approach was established for the first time for simultaneous and quantitative analysis of MTZ and PRP in pure form and spiked human plasma. The work is considered a mimetic study for their co-administration. Successful resolution between them was achieved on Merck® silica gel plates using a mixture of ethyl acetate: acetone: 33% NH3 solution in a ratio of (9: 1: 0.05, by volume) as a developing phase and UV scanning at 254 nm. Adding hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) as an internal standard eliminated the matrix effect variation. Reasonable resolution of the developed peaks was attained, with Rf values of 0.07, 0.19, 0.67, and 0.81 for plasma, PRP, MTZ, and HCA, respectively. Four greenness and viability rating approaches were applied to check and measure the greenness aspects of the suggested method toward the eco-system, and the outcomes were convenient and satisfactory. Also, the verification domains were tested using US-FDA bio-analytical specifications where reliable and acceptable outcomes were obtained with satisfied % recoveries for the quality control samples ranging from (100.39-104.44%) and (96.01-100.72%) for MTZ and PRP, respectively, with low RSD values indicating good accuracy and precision of the proposed method.

TLC densitometric approach for concurrent determination of quinary mixture for treatment of migraine with appraisal to method greenness and whiteness

A new accurate, precise thin layer chromatographic (TLC densitometric) approach was developed for the simultaneous analysis of ergotamine tartrate (ERG), phenobarbital sodium (PHEN), caffeine anhydrous (CAF), dipyrone sodium (DIP) and meprobamate (MEP) in their pure form and in their combined formulation; (MIGRANIL tablets). TLC separation depended on using a stationary phase of TLC plates F254 (20 × 10 cm) and using a developing system of ethyl acetate: methanol: n- hexane (8:2:3, by volume) with UV scanning at 254 nm for ERG, PHEN, CAF and DIP. For MEP, detection was done at 560 nm after spraying with 0.3% ethanolic solution of para -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (PDAB) and heating at 110 ºC for 30 min. Analysis was performed in the concentration intervals of 0.06-2, 0.15-5 µg/band for ERG and PHEN, respectively; while for CAF, DIP and MEP it was done in the ranges of 0.3-9, 0.5-10, 1-100 µg/band, respectively. Moreover, the method was used for the quantitation of the five studied drugs in their unique formulation and the recovery% was calculated and found to be 102.04, 100.73, 100.65, 99.91, 1nd 101.77% for ERG, PHEN, CAF, DIP, and MEP, in order and all these outcomes proved excellent selectivity of the method. Other validation parameters were tested following ICH guidelines. Accuracy ranged from 98.02 to 100.53% while the obtained %RSD of interday day precision ranged from 1.215 to 1.940%. The environmental impact and performance of the method was tested with several tools; Analytical eco-scale, green analytical procedure index (GAPI), Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach (AGREE), Blue applicability grade index (BAGI), and RGB additive color model. Results ensured minimum hazardous effect on health and environment. This is the first analytical approach developed for simultaneous analysis of the quinary mixture which can be easily applied in any analytical laboratory.

Development of HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Determination of Corticosteroid Co-Administered Immune Therapy

Prednisolone (PDS) has recently been utilized to treat a variety of medical disorders, including autoimmune illnesses and cancer. It is also used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 infection-related respiratory problems. Because it may induce health problems including gastrointestinal lesions and ulceration, it has to be used alongside other drugs like esomeprazole (ESM), which acts as a proton pump antagonist to reduce the probability of ulceration. As a result, the goal of this research is to create an environmentally safe and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach for determining PDS and ESM in their binary combination and spiked human plasma. C8 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and gradient mobile phase elution were used to separate the studied drugs with ultraviolet recognition at 290 nm. Caffeine was utilized as an internal standard to adjust the sample variance. Plasma, caffeine, ESM and PDS all had tR values of 1.4, 3.5, 6.3 and 7.3, respectively. The suggested method's greenness features were evaluated using three greenness evaluation tools: green analytical procedure index, analytical greenness metric approach and analytical eco-scale, and the findings were approved and satisfied. Validation parameters were evaluated in accordance with US-FDA recommendations in order to meet the global desires for biological analysis technique, acceptable limits were obtained.

A Rapid and Sensitive Stability-Indicating Eco-Friendly HPTLC Assay for Fluorescence Detection of Ergotamine

Eco-friendly liquid chromatographic methods for measuring ergotamine (EGT) are scant in the published database. Accordingly, the goal of the current study was to develop a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for fluorescence detection of EGT in commercially available tablets. This approach was based on the application of ethyl alcohol-water (80:20 v/v) as the eco-friendly eluent mixture. The fluorescence detection of EGT was carried out at 322 nm. The greenness score of the present approach was evaluated by "Analytical GREENness (AGREE)" technology. The present approach for measuring EGT in the 25-1000 ng band-1 range was linear. The present assay for fluorescence detection of EGT was validated successfully by ICH guidelines for various parameters. The method was found to be rapid, sensitive, eco-friendly, and stability-indicating. The computed AGREE index for the current strategy was 0.84, displaying outstanding greenness features. The present methodology successfully separated the EGT degradation products under forced-degradation circumstances, exhibiting its stability-indicating qualities and selectivity. An amount of 99.33% of EGT was found in commercial formulations, indicating the validity of the current method for pharmaceutical analysis of EGT in commercial products. The results showed that EGT in commercial products might be regularly measured by the existing method.

A validated ecofriendly chromatographic method for determination of myasthenia gravis combined medications in spiked human plasma

Recently, the main interest of analytical chemistry researchers has been the development of green analytical methods to minimize harmful effects on the environment and natural life. Therefore, an RP-HPLC method was developed and assessed regarding its greenness criteria using three greenness assessment tools: an analytical eco-scale, an analytical greenness metric approach and a green analytical procedure index. This method aims to separate and quantitatively determine three co-administered drugs, namely pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), 6-mercaptopurine (MRC) and prednisolone (PRD), in their tertiary mixture and spiked human plasma. These drugs are co-administered to manage myasthenia gravis autoimmune disease. The separation was done using a C₁₈ column and a gradient elution of a mixture of 0.1% H₃ PO₄ aqueous solution (pH 2.3) and methanol. The flow rate was adjusted to 1 ml/min and detection was done at 254 (for PYR and PRD) and at 330 nm (for MRC). The lower limits of quantitation were 15, 2, and 5 μg/ml for PYR, MER and PRD, respectively. Linear correlations were obtained and found to be near 1. In addition, the proposed method was validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration's instructions, and the results proved its success to determine the three studied drugs in their tertiary mixture and spiked human plasma.

Validated HPLC-PDA methodology utilized for simultaneous determination of Etoricoxib and Paracetamol in the presence of Paracetamol toxic impurities

Etoricoxib (ETO), Paracetamol (PCM), and two toxic impurities for Paracetamol impurity K (4-aminophenol (PAP)) and impurity E (para-hydroxy acetophenone (PHA)) were separated using a simple and selective HPLC method that was tested for the first time. PCM is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic medication that has recently been incorporated into COVID-19 supportive treatment. Pharmaceuticals containing PCM in combination with other analgesic-antipyretic drugs like ETO help to improve patient compliance. The studied drugs and impurities were separated on a GL Sciences Inertsil ODS-3 (250 × 4.6) mm, 5.0 µm column, and linear gradient elution was performed using 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 4.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase at 2.0 mL/min flow rate at 25 °C and UV detection at 220 nm. The linearity range was 1.5-30.0 µg/mL for ETO and PCM while 0.5-10.0 µg/mL for PAP and PHA, with correlation coefficients (r) for ETO, PCM, PAP, and PHA of 0.9999, 0.9993, 0.9996, and 0.9998, respectively. The proposed method could be used well for routine analysis in quality control laboratory.

Four Greenness Evaluations of Two Chromatographic Methods: Application to Fluphenazine HCl and Nortriptyline HCl Pharmaceutical Combination in Presence of Their Potential Impurities Perphenazine and Dibenzosuberone

Nowadays, when analysts develop a new method, they are taking into consideration the green aspects of the developed method. Two chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of antidepressant pharmaceutical combination nortriptyline hydrochloride and fluphenazine hydrochloride in presence of their potential impurities and the methods were assessed using four tools; eco-scale, analytical greenness profile (AGP), analytical greenness metric approach (AGREE), and green analytical procedure index (GAPI). Method (A) was RP-HPLC, in which the separation was carried out on C18 column (250 × 4.5 mm, 5 µm) by gradient elution using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of water containing 0.1% H3PO4 (pH 2.25) and methanol, at a flow rate of 2 mL/min with DAD detection at 254 nm. Method (B) was TLC, in which the separation was carried out on silica gel TLC F254 plates. The mobile phase used was a mixture of methanol and acetone (9:1, v/v) with UV detection at 245 nm. The proposed methods agreed with ICH guidelines of method validation and were successfully applied for determination of the proposed components in their dosage form and the results were compared statistically to those obtained by the reported RP-HPLC method with no significant difference; which suggests the application of the developed methods for routine quality control analysis of these drugs.