1
|
Khaled N, Ibrahim N, Ali AE, Youssef FS, El-Ahmady SH. LC-qTOF-MS/MS phytochemical profiling of Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Ex DC.) Standl. leaf and assessment of its neuroprotective potential in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118292. [PMID: 38705428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia impetiginosa (Bignoniaceae) was traditionally used for memory enhancement and central nervous system (CNS) stimulation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to create a metabolic profile of the ethyl acetate fraction of T. impetiginosa (TEF) and investigate for the first time its neuroprotective potential on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced chemobrain, validating its traditional use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolite profiling of TEF was performed using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass/Mass Spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS/MS). For the in vivo study, CP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to induce cognitive impairment in rats; TEF (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered throughout the 14 days of the experiment to assess its role in mitigating CP-induced neuronal deficits. Behavioral tests including locomotor, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tests were conducted. Additionally, biochemical markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and caspase-3 immunoexpression were assessed in the hippocampus area. RESULTS Forty-four phytoconstituents were tentatively identified in TEF, mainly iridoids and organic acids. TEF showed significant memory enhancement as evidenced by the increase in step-through latency in the passive avoidance test by 1.5 folds and the increase in sequence alternation percentage (SAP) in the Y-maze test by 67.3%, as compared to CP-group. Moreover, it showed pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials evidenced by the significant elevation in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels by 80% and a pronounced decline in MDA and TNF-α levels by 24% and 45%, respectively relative to the CP group. TEF treatment restored normal hippocampal histological features and attenuated apoptotic caspase-3 expression by 70% compared to the CP group. CONCLUSIONS TEF can act as a promising natural scaffold in managing the chemobrain induced by CP in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesma Khaled
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Nehal Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma L, Wu Y, Luo J, Li F, Zhang M, Cai Y, Dai Y, Pi Z, Zheng F, Yue H. Identifying the active compounds and mechanism of action of TongFu XieXia Decoction for treating intestinal obstruction using network pharmacology combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9664. [PMID: 38124169 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE TongFu XieXia Decoction (TFXXD), a formulation rooted in traditional Chinese medicine and optimized through clinical practice, serves as an advanced version of the classic Da Cheng Qi decoction used for treating intestinal obstruction (IO), demonstrating significant therapeutic efficacy. However, due to the intricate nature of herbal compositions, the principal constituents and potential mechanisms of TFXXD have yet to be clarified. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify the active compounds and molecular targets of TFXXD, as well as to elucidate its anti-IO mechanisms. METHODS Qualitative identification of the principal constituents of TFXXD was accomplished using ultra-high preformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) analysis. PharmMapper facilitated the prediction of potential molecular targets, whereas protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted using STRING 11.0. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. A "compounds-target-pathway" network was meticulously constructed within Cytoscape 3.8.2. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the interactions between the core target and the crucial compound. RESULTS UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis identified 65 components with high precision and sensitivity. Furthermore, 64 potential targets were identified as integral to TFXXD bioactivity in IO treatment. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed 995 distinct biological functions, while the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis identified 143 intricate signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Molecular docking studies substantiated the substantial affinity between the TFXXD bioactive constituents and their corresponding targets in the context of IO. TFXXD exerts its therapeutic efficacy in IO through a multifaceted interplay between multiple compounds, targets, and pathways. The integration of network pharmacology with UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS has emerged as a promising strategy to unravel the intricate web of molecular interactions underlying herbal medicine. However, it is imperative to emphasize the necessity for further in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Ma
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongxi Wu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fangtong Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongyu Cai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yulin Dai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan S, Liu Y, Zhao W, Zhao H, Xue X. Chemical markers of a rare honey from the traditional spice plant Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarié, via integrated GC-MS and LC-MS approaches. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113234. [PMID: 37689964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The precious medicinal plant, Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarié, is the nectariferous plant from which the rare Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarié honey (ATH) is produced. Presently, chemical markers for authentication of this honey are not available due to the lack of data on its chemical composition. Here, we analyzed the volatile components and their odor activity values (OAVs), which revealed that the unique aroma was mildly flowery and fruity, accompanied by subtle sweet and fresh undertones. Since non-volatile chemicals are more reliable markers for routine authentication, we used a metabolomic approach combined with NMR-based identification to find and confirm a suitable compound to unambiguously distinguish ATH from other honeys. Isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside ranged from 3.62 to 9.38 mg/kg in ATH and was absent in the other tested honeys. In sum, the study uncovered unique chemical characteristics of ATH that will be helpful to control its quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yibing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongmu Zhao
- Sericultural and Apicultural Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, Yunnan 661101, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian G, Gao M, Li C, Shen F, Zhu F, Li X, Wang Y, Bao B, Zhang L, Huo Z, Yao W. A Comprehensive Strategy Based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS for the Identification of Compounds in a Chinese Patent Medicine, Xiao'er Chiqiao Qingre Granules. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 61:38-55. [PMID: 35373835 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to potently identify as many compounds of Chinese patent medicine as possible. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was used to qualitatively analyze the Chinese patent medicine Xiao'er Chiqiao Qingre Granules (XCQG), which is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A novel strategy, including targeted, semi-targeted and non-targeted identification, was built to explore the compounds based on accurate mass, characteristic fragments, retention time of standard substances, databases or literature. Based on the integrated identification, 250 compounds were identified in total, including 7 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 17 alkaloids, 9 amino acids, 10 coumarins, 30 flavonoids, 29 glycosides, 12 ketones, 7 lignans, 20 organic acids, 12 phenols, 11 phenylpropanoids, 9 quinones, 3 steroids, 26 terpenes, 14 volatile oils and 31 other compounds. A novel strategy for the identification of compounds in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was developed with Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). It is also the first systematic study of compounds in XCQG, laying a foundation for further mechanism research of XCQG. More importantly, the strategy shows good application prospect in identifying compounds of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tian
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Taixing, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Mengting Gao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Taixing, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Fei Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Zhong X, Yan J, Sun C, Zhao X, Wang X. Potential roles of gut microbes in biotransformation of natural products: An overview. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956378. [PMID: 36246222 PMCID: PMC9560768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been extensively applied in clinical practice, characterized by multi-component and multi-target, many pharmacodynamic substances, complex action mechanisms, and various physiological activities. For the oral administration of natural products, the gut microbiota and clinical efficacy are closely related, but this relationship remains unclear. Gut microbes play an important role in the transformation and utilization of natural products caused by the diversity of enzyme systems. Effective components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and phenols cannot be metabolized directly through human digestive enzymes but can be transformed by enzymes produced by gut microorganisms and then utilized. Therefore, the focus is paid to the metabolism of natural products through the gut microbiota. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the studies about gut microbiota and their effect on the biotransformation of various components of natural products and highlighted the involved common bacteria, reaction types, pharmacological actions, and research methods. This study aims to provide theoretical support for the clinical application in the prevention and treatment of diseases and provide new ideas for studying natural products based on gut biotransformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyuan Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Congying Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zhao,
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Xiaoying Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Tan Y, Huang J, Wu C, Fan X, Stalin A, Lu S, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Wu Z, Li B, Huang Z, Chen M, Cheng G, Mou Y, Wu J. Revealing the Mechanism of Huazhi Rougan Granule in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Through Intestinal Flora Based on 16S rRNA, Metagenomic Sequencing and Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875700. [PMID: 35559233 PMCID: PMC9086680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) is increasing year by year, growing evidence suggests that the intestinal flora plays a causative role in NAFL. Huazhi Rougan Granule (HRG) is commonly used in the clinical treatment of NAFL. It is reported that it can reduce lipids and protect the liver, but no research has confirmed whether the drug's effect is related to the intestinal flora. Therefore, we investigated whether the effect of HRG is related to the regulation of intestinal flora to further explore the mechanism of HRG in the treatment of NAFL through intestinal flora. Methods: In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and the high-fat diet plus HRG or polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules were each administered by gavage for 4 weeks. High-throughput sequencing, network pharmacology, and molecular docking were used to explore the mechanism of HRG in the treatment of NAFL through intestinal flora. Results: HRG treatment can reduce body weight gain, lipid accumulation in liver and lipogenesis and reduce serum biochemical indexes in high-fat-fed mice. Analysis of intestinal flora showed that HRG changed the composition of intestinal flora, which was characterized by a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Moreover, the species distribution was significantly correlated with AKP, HDL-C, and TG. Metagenetic analysis showed that HRG altered the functional composition and functional diversity of microorganisms, which was mainly characterized by an increase in the abundance of metabolic pathways. The network pharmacology results show that the mechanism of HRG in the treatment of NAFL through intestinal flora is mainly reflected in the biological process of gene function and related to infectious diseases, immune systems, and signal transduction pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chagas disease, IL-17 signaling pathway and other signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that HRG may alleviate NAFL by preventing IFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Yanfang Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
AL-Ishaq RK, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Enzymatic Metabolism of Flavonoids by Gut Microbiota and Its Impact on Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3934. [PMID: 34439088 PMCID: PMC8394324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevalent global health disease with a massive burden on health care providers. Internal and external factors such as obesity, smoking, diet (red meat), low socioeconomic status and infection with Helicobacter pylori are the critical risk factors of GI cancers. Flavonoids are natural phenolic compounds found abundantly in fruits and vegetables. Upon ingestion, 90% of flavonoids consumed require further enzymatic metabolism by the gut microbiome to enhance their bioavailability and absorption. Several epidemiological studies reported that consumption of flavonoids and their enzymatic conversion by gut microbes is strongly associated with the reduced risk of GI cancer development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the enzymatic conversion of flavonoids by the human gut microbiome. It also addresses the underlying anti-GI cancer effects on metabolic pathways such as apoptosis and cellular proliferation. Overall, metabolites produced from flavonoid's enzymatic conversion illustrate anti-GI cancer effects, but the mechanisms of action need further clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparative Metabolic Profiling in Pulp and Peel of Green and Red Pitayas ( Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus) Reveals Potential Valorization in the Pharmaceutical and Food Industries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6546170. [PMID: 33778068 PMCID: PMC7980772 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6546170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pitaya (Hylocereus genus) is a popular plant with exotic and nutritious fruit, which has widespread uses as a source of nutrients and raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the potential of pitaya peel as a natural source of bioactive compounds has not yet fully been explored. Recent advances in metabolomics have paved the way for understanding and evaluating the presence of diverse sets of metabolites in different plant parts. This study is aimed at exploring the diversity of primary and secondary metabolites in two commercial varieties of pitaya, i.e., green pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) and red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). A total of 433 metabolites were identified using a widely targeted metabolomic approach and classified into nine known diverse classes of metabolites, including flavonoids, amino acids and its derivatives, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, lipids, and lignans. Red pitaya peel and pulp showed relatively high accumulation of metabolites viz. alkaloids, amino acids and its derivatives, and lipids. Differential metabolite landscape of pitaya fruit indicated the presence of key bioactive compounds, i.e., L-tyrosine, L-valine, DL-norvaline, tryptophan, γ-linolenic acid, and isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside. The findings in this study provide new insight into the broad spectrum of bioactive compounds of red and green pitaya, emphasizing the valorization of the biowaste pitaya peel as raw material for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nie R, Zhang Y, Jin Q, Zhang S, Wu G, Chen L, Zhang H, Wang X. Identification and characterisation of bioactive compounds from the seed kernels and hulls of Paeonia lactiflora Pall by UPLC-QTOF-MS. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
10
|
Farias-Pereira R, Savarese J, Yue Y, Lee SH, Park Y. Fat-lowering effects of isorhamnetin are via NHR-49-dependent pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 2:70-76. [PMID: 32914113 PMCID: PMC7473354 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (3-O-methylquercetin), a flavonol found in dill weed, sea buckthorn berries, kale and onions, has been suggested to have anti-obesity effects, but there is limited evidence of its mechanisms of action on lipid metabolism. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of isorhamnetin on lipid metabolism using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model. Isorhamnetin reduced fat accumulation without affecting food intake or energy expenditure in C. elegans. The isorhamnetin's fat-lowering effects were dependent on nhr-49, a homolog of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Isorhamnetin upregulated an enoyl-CoA hydratase (ech-1.1, involved in fatty acid β-oxidation) and adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl-1, involved in lipolysis) via NHR-49-dependent pathway at transcriptional levels. Isorhamnetin also upregulated the C. elegans AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subunits homologs (aak-1 and aak-2), involved in energy homeostasis. These results suggest that isorhamnetin reduces body fat by increasing fat oxidation in part via NHR-49/PPARα-dependent pathway. Isorhamnetin reduced fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food intake and energy expenditure were not changed by isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin's fat-lowering effects were dependent on nhr-49/PPARα. Isorhamnetin upregulated transcriptionally AAK/AMPK, which may activate NHR-49. Isorhamnetin increased fat breakdown by upregulating ech-1.1/HADHA and atgl-1/ATGL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Savarese
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu X, Zheng F, Shang W, Du Y, Zhen J, Mao Y, Zhang S. Isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside promotes the resorption of crown-covered bone during tooth eruption by osteoclastogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5172. [PMID: 32198458 PMCID: PMC7083939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed resorption of crown-covered bone is a critical cause of delayed tooth eruption. Traditional herbal medicines may be good auxiliary treatments to promote the resorption of crown-covered bone. This study was carried out to analyse the effect of isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and resorption of the crown-covered bone of the lower first molars in mice in vivo. Isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside promoted osteoclastogenesis and the bone resorption of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and upregulated mRNA expression of the osteoclast-specific genes cathepsin K (CTSK), vacuolar-type H + -ATPase d2(V-ATPase d2), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). NFATc1, p38 and AKT signalling was obviously activated by isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside in osteoclastogenesis. Isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside aggravated resorption of crown-covered bone in vivo. In brief, isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside might be a candidate adjuvant therapy for delayed intraosseous eruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuju Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Shang
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Du
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinze Zhen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dinda B, Dinda M, Roy A, Dinda S. Dietary plant flavonoids in prevention of obesity and diabetes. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 120:159-235. [PMID: 32085882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most prevailing chronic metabolic diseases worldwide from mainly lipid and glucose metabolic dysfunctions and their incidence is increasing at an alarming high rate. Obesity is characterized by excess fat accumulation in WAT and liver and is the central player of insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues from chronic inflammation, lipotoxicity and gut dysbiosis, and plays a key role for development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and vascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus, known as diabetes, is chiefly characterized by hyperglycaemia from impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Several identified mutant genes in insulin secretion and resistance and various environmental factors are considered responsible for the onset of this disease. Currently available oral synthetic drugs, biguanides, incretin mimetic, GLP-1R and PPAR agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors for management of obesity and diabetes have several adverse effects in patients on long-term use. Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of dietary plant flavonoids in prevention and attenuation of obesity and diabetes by the protection and proliferation of pancreatic beta-cells and improvement of their insulin secretory function via activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway as well as in the improvement of insulin sensitivity in the peripheral metabolic tisssues for glucose uptake and utilization via inhibition of inflammation, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. These flavonoids improve GLUT-4 expression and translocation to plasma membrane by activation of insulin-sensitive PI3K/Akt signaling and insulin-independent AMPK, SIRT-1 and MOR activation pathways for regulation of glucose homeostasis, and improve fat oxidation and reduce lipid synthesis by regulation of related genes for lipid homeostasis in the body of obese diabetic animals. In this chapter, we have highlighted all these beneficial anti-obesity and antidiabetic potentials of some dietary plant flavonoids along with their molecular actions, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. In addition, the present understanding and management of obesity and diabetes are also focused.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Arup Roy
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai, Tripura, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
An X, Bao Q, Di S, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhang H, Lian F, Tong X. The interaction between the gut Microbiota and herbal medicines. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
14
|
Limwachiranon J, Huang H, Li L, Duan Z, Luo Z. Recovery of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seedpod flavonoids using polar macroporous resins: The updated understanding on adsorption/desorption mechanisms and the involved intermolecular attractions and bonding. Food Chem 2019; 299:125108. [PMID: 31310914 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous resins have been employed in the effective recovery of flavonoids from plants. In this study, S8 polar resins were used to recover flavonoids and procyanidins from lotus seedpods. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption process involved physico-chemical interactions, including flavonoid-resin and flavonoid-flavonoid electrostatic interactions, π-π aromatic stacking, moderate and strong hydrogen bonding, and repulsive forces. These forces worked complementarily in adsorption, except for the repulsive force, which opposed the adsorption. Further, adsorption temperature determined the adsorption behavior, with multilayer adsorption enhancing adsorption capacity. In dynamic desorption tests, an acetone/water/acetic acid mixture (58.77: 39.34: 1.89) designed by the D-optimal design method was able to desorb 95.57% and 89.85% of total flavonoids and procyanidins, respectively, using less than two bed volumes of solvent. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple-time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS) analysis showed that 26 flavonoids, including 5 procyanidins, were detected after the recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Huang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng ICC, Li RK, Leung GPH, Li SL, Kong M, Lao LX, Zhang ZJ, Lin WL, Ng EHY, Rong JH, Chen JP, Su J, Zhang KYB, Meng W. Application of UPLC-MS/MS to simultaneously detect four bioactive compounds in the tumour-shrinking decoction (FM1523) for uterine fibroids treatment. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:447-455. [PMID: 30916852 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Chinese medicine formulation, tumour-shrinking decoction (TSD, FM1523), which consists of 15 natural medicines, is used for uterine fibroids (UFs) therapy and possesses excellent clinical therapeutic effect. OBJECTIVE To develop a sensitive and validated analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of four crucial bioactive compounds including isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, curcumin, peimine and tetrahydropalmatine in the principal formulation of this decoction. METHODS An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with an electrospray ionisation (ESI) source in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was conducted to investigate these bioactive compounds in the TSD. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column when the flow rate was adjusted at 0.2 mL/min with gradient elution of acetonitrile-water with 0.1% formic acid. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method with higher extraction efficiency was employed for TSD sample pre-treatment. RESULTS The linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined for this analytical method. The mean recoveries of the compounds were determined between 100.23% and 104.02% with satisfactory relative standard deviation (RSD) in the ranges of 2.65% to 3.81%. The precision was evaluated by intra-day and inter-day tests, which revealed RSD within the ranges of 1.21% to 2.14% and 1.24% to 2.32%, respectively. CONCLUSION The bioactive compounds of TSD samples were successfully quantified via UPLC-MS/MS with MRM mode. This study could help to evaluate the pharmacokinetic study of TSD during clinical applications and present a facile strategy for quantifying bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese Medicine decoction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issac Chi-Chung Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ren-Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Xing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Ling Lin
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ernest Hung-Yu Ng
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Hui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kalin Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- The Workstation for Training and Research (Hong Kong Branch) Yu Jin, Master of Gynecology of Chinese Medicine & Integrative Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|