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Liu J, Yin J, Yuan H, Zhao Y, Luo S, Li F. 1O2-activatable Eu3+-afterglow nanoprobe for highly sensitive detection of porphyria in whole blood. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yuan H, Guo L, Su Q, Su X, Wen Y, Wang T, Yang P, Xu M, Li F. Afterglow Amplification for Fast and Sensitive Detection of Porphyria in Whole Blood. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27991-27998. [PMID: 34110123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porphyria is a group of genetic photodermatoses that cause too much porphyrin to accumulate in the blood, skin, and liver, resulting in skin photosensitivity and damage, liver disease, or potential liver failure. Conventional detection methods include high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrometry. However, these methods usually require complicated pretreatment and time-consuming processes. Therefore, efficient and fast detection of porphyria is urgently needed. Herein, we develop a molecular afterglow reporter-based sensing scheme for the detection of porphyrins in whole blood. The afterglow reporter can respond to the production of singlet oxygen (1O2) of porphyrins after light excitation, and the detection signals can be amplified through adjusting the amount of singlet oxygen and afterglow reporter molecules. Moreover, without the use of a real-time excitation source, afterglow signals can avoid the scattering and autofluorescence interference in biological samples, thereby reducing background noise. More importantly, we prove the applicability of the afterglow reporter in the quantitative detection of porphyrins in whole blood and demonstrate its great clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Linna Guo
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xianlong Su
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wen
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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A novel rapid method for simultaneous determination of three diagnostically important porphyrins in erythrocytes using hyphenated synchronous fluorescence techniques. Talanta 2012; 88:663-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhou PC, Huang W, Zhang RB, Zou ZX, Luo HD, Falih AA, Li YQ. A simple and rapid fluorimetric method for simultaneous determination of protoporphyrin IX and zinc protoporphyrin IX in whole blood. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 62:1268-1273. [PMID: 19007471 DOI: 10.1366/000370208786401536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Derivative variable-angle synchronous fluorescence (DVASF) spectrometry improves the spectral resolution and selectivity of the fluorescence method. The feasibility of DVASF spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of protoporphyrin IX (PP) and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) was investigated. PP and ZnPP were distinguished from each other simultaneously and rapidly by the DVASF method. The spectra were resolved well, and the two components were determined in a single scan, avoiding the spectral compensation factor for PP and chromatographic separation. The linear range of the calibration curve for PP was from 0.190 to 152 nmol/L and for ZnPP was from 0.383 to 230 nmol/L. The detection limits of PP and ZnPP were 0.098 nmol/L and 0.088 nmol/L, respectively. The within-run imprecision (RSD, n = 5) for PP was 4.1%, and for ZnPP was 4.2%. Mean recoveries (SD) of PP and ZnPP added to a blood sample were 86.4 (7.3)% and 72.9 (6.6)%, respectively. This method should be a potential tool in the rapid routine screening of large quantities of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China
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Wan JR, Gouterman M, Green E, Khalil GE. High Performance Liquid Chromatography Separation and Analysis of Metallotetra(Pentafluorophenyl)Porpholactone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Wan
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , 98195
| | - M. Gouterman
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , 98195
| | - E. Green
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , 98195
| | - G.-E. Khalil
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , 98195
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Yao YJ, Li SFY. Determination of Erythrocyte Porphyrins by Epi-Illumination Fluorescence Microscope with Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608006285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. J. Yao
- a Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Kent Ridge, Republic of Singapore , 0511
| | - S. F. Y. Li
- a Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Kent Ridge, Republic of Singapore , 0511
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Jacob K, Luppa P. Application of ion pair high performance liquid chromatography to the analysis of porphyrins in clinical samples. Biomed Chromatogr 1991; 5:122-7. [PMID: 1863806 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversed phase ion pair chromatography is a highly selective separation technique for the determination of free porphyrin carboxylic acids from human materials. Isocratic and gradient elution methods can be used to analyse porphyrin isomers and to establish porphyrin profiles for the biochemical diagnosis of porphyrias. Ion pair high performance liquid chromatography led to the discovery of the atypical isomers II and IV of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin in human urine. Advantages and limitations of the ion pair technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jacob
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
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8
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Chapter 9 Porphyrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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Sakai T, Takeuchi Y, Araki T, Ushio K. Determination of erythrocyte porphyrins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using capsule-type silica gels coated with silicone polymer. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 433:73-9. [PMID: 3235573 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and reliable method is described for determining erythrocyte porphyrins using a new type of reversed-phase silica whose surface is coated with silicone polymer. After a single-step extraction of blood with N,N-dimethylformamide, zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX were separately quantified in a single run in 5 min. The column life was so long that no alteration in elution profile or retention time was apparent after 1500 injections of samples. The method described would be useful for the screening of lead exposure or iron-deficiency anaemia, and also for the diagnosis of erythropoietic protoporphyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- Center of Occupational Medicine, Tokyo Labor Accident Hospital, Japan
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Lim CK, Li FM, Peters TJ. High-performance liquid chromatography of porphyrins. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 429:123-53. [PMID: 3062016 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Techniques for the analysis of porphyrins in the biomedical fields are reviewed. The emphasis is on high-performance liquid chromatography and its aspplications in: (1) the quantitative analysis of porphyrins in blood, urine and faeces; (2) qualitative porphyrin profiles in normal subjects and in the porphyrias; (3) assay of haem biosynthetic enzyme activities and (4) resolution of type isomers of porphyrins and porphyrinogens. Detection systems, quantitation methods, peak identification and sample preparation procedures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lim
- Division of Clinical Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K
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Duff GA, Yeager SA, Singhal AK, Pestel BC, Ressner JM, Foster N. Separation of metalloporphyrins from metallation reactions by liquid chromatography and electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1987; 416:71-80. [PMID: 3597643 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(87)80486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The analytical separation of the indium and manganese complexes of three synthetic, meso-substituted, water-soluble porphyrins from their respective free bases in metallation reaction mixtures is described. The ligands tetra-3N-methylpyridyl porphyrin, tetra-4N-methylpyridyl porphyrin and tetra-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium porphyrin are complexed with In (III) and Mn (III) and are separated from residual free base by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in acidic conditions with gradient elution on ODS bonded stationary phase. Electrophoretic separation is achieved on both cellulose polyacetate strips and polyacrylamide tube gels under basic conditions. Although analytical separations can be achieved by both HPLC and electrophoresis, only HPLC is suitable for the development of preparative scale separations. Column chromatography, ion-pairing and ion-suppression HPLC techniques fail to separate such highly charged and closely related aromatic compounds.
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Kennedy SW, Wigfield DC, Fox GA. Tissue porphyrin pattern determination by high-speed high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1986; 157:1-7. [PMID: 3766951 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of porphyrin carboxylic acids in liver, kidney, and spleen by high-speed high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Porphyrins were extracted with recoveries greater than or equal to 98%, concentrated on disposable octadecylsilyl cartridges, and analyzed with a liquid chromatograph equipped with a 3 microns X 3 cm octadecylsilyl column and a fluorescence detector. Separation of di-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octacarboxylic acids was achieved within 5 min. The detection limits for uro, copro, and protoporphyrin were 20, 10, and 20 fmol, respectively.
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Sagen E, Romslo I. Determination of porphyrins by high performance liquid chromatography: fluorescence detection compared to absorbance detection. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1985; 45:309-14. [PMID: 4012215 DOI: 10.3109/00365518509161012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A comparison is made between determination of porphyrin methyl esters by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with absorbance detection and with fluorimetric detection. Detection limits with absorbance detection vary from 0.8 pmol for 2-COOH-porphyrins to 5 pmol for 8-COOH-porphyrins. With fluorometric detection the corresponding figures are 0.04 pmol and 0.4 pmol. Fluorimetric detection also has a better reproducibility, and it is more specific than absorbance detection. The use of HPLC with fluorimetric detection thus permits rapid, highly efficient and specific quantitative detection and identification of porphyrins in complex biological samples.
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Meyer HD, Vogt W, Jacob K. Improved separation and detection of free porphyrins by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1984; 290:207-13. [PMID: 6736161 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins were separated using ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The eluents were aqueous potassium phosphate buffer and tetrabutylammonium phosphate in methanol. The influences of pH value and ionic strength of the phosphate buffer and molarity of the ion-pair reagent in methanol were investigated to improve separation and detection. A linear response curve was obtained from 0.38 to 7.64 pmol for coproporphyrin I. The detection limits were determined to be 0.12 pmol for coproporphyrin I and 0.22 pmol for uroporphyrin I.
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Meyer HD, Jacob K, Vogt W. Ion-pair-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of porphyrins from red blood cells. Chromatographia 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02258897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Microcytic red blood cell states are common clinical problems in both adult and pediatric age groups. The recent widespread availability of electronic blood cell counters for performing routine blood counts has increased the detection of microcytic red blood cells. Physicians must workup both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with microcytic red blood cells before they can initiate proper therapy and/or counseling. The purpose of this review is threefold: (1) to discuss the causes of microcytic red blood cells in terms of disorders of decreased heme production vs. disorders of decreased globin production, (2) to review the clinical laboratory tests useful in differentiating microcytic red blood cell states, and (3) to present a practical approach for the laboratory workup of microcytic red blood cells.
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Scoble HA, McKeag M, Brown PR, Kavarnos GJ. The rapid determination of erythrocyte porphyrins using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 1981; 113:253-65. [PMID: 7261398 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(81)90279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The extraction, separation and quantification of free acid erythrocyte porphyrins are described. The porphyrins are extracted from whole blood using 3:1 ethyl acetate/acetic acid (v/v) and separated using the reversed-phase mode of high performance liquid chromatography (RPLC). The compounds are detected on-line spectrofluorometrically using an excitation wavelength of 404 nm and an emission cut-off filter of 550 nm. Excellent resolution of the porphyrin free acids is achieved in less than 6 min. The analytical recoveries for protoporphyrin IX and zinc protoporphyrin IX were greater than 90% with relative standard deviations for day-to-day analysis under 6%.
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