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Theis KR, Florova V, Romero R, Borisov AB, Winters AD, Galaz J, Gomez-Lopez N. Sneathia: an emerging pathogen in female reproductive disease and adverse perinatal outcomes. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:517-542. [PMID: 33823747 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1905606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sneathia is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing Sneathia becomes pathogenic following its ascension into the upper urogenital tract, amniotic fluid, placenta, and foetal membranes. The role of Sneathia in women's health and disease is generally underappreciated because the cultivation of these bacteria is limited by their complex nutritional requirements, slow growth patterns, and anaerobic nature. For this reason, molecular methods are typically required for the detection and differential diagnosis of Sneathia infections. Here, we review the laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of Sneathia infections, the molecular mechanisms underlying its virulence, and its sensitivity to antibiotics. We further review the evidence of Sneathia's contributions to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis, chorioamnionitis, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labour, stillbirth, maternal and neonatal sepsis, HIV infection, and cervical cancer. Collectively, growing evidence indicates that Sneathia represents an important yet underappreciated pathogen affecting the development and progression of several adverse clinical conditions diagnosed in pregnant women and their neonates, as well as in non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Theis
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Violetta Florova
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrei B Borisov
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Winters
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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2
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Eisenberg T, Heydel C, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Fawzy A, Kling U, Akimkin V, Semmler T, Mühldorfer K, Kämpfer P, Blom J, Ewers C. Streptobacillus canis sp. nov. isolated from a dog. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2648-2656. [PMID: 32209168 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
From a phlegmon in a dog an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium was isolated in 2019 in Germany that stained Gram-negative and showed a pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming appearance. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain IHIT1603-19T was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus with sequence similarities of 98.6, 98.0, 97.9, 97.1 and 94.4 % to the type strains of Streptobacillus felis, Streptobacillus notomytis, Streptobacillus ratti, Streptobacillus moniliformis and Streptobacillus hongkongensis, respectively. Strain IHIT1603-19T could also clearly be differentiated from other Streptobacillus species by rpoB, groEL and recA gene, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses as well as by core genome phylogeny. Regarding DNA-DNA relatedness, strain IHIT1603-19T demonstrated an average nucleotide identity of 83.00 and 82.28 % compared to S. felis 131000547T and S. moniliformis DSM 12112T, respectively. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data of strain IHIT1603-19T were in congruence with other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in unequivocally discriminating strain IHIT1603-19T from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus canis sp. nov. with the type strain IHIT1603-19T (=DSM 110501T=CCUG 74118T=CIP 111795T). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 26.6 mol%, genome size is 1.60 Mbp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Hessian State Laboratory, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Heydel
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzy
- Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Giza Square 12211, Egypt.,Hessian State Laboratory, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kling
- Hessian State Laboratory, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Valerij Akimkin
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigatory Office Stuttgart, 70702 Fellbach, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Robert Koch Institute, Microbial Genomics, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Mühldorfer
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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3
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DiGeronimo PM, Crossland NA, Arsuaga CB, Liu SA, Strother K, Roy A, Nevarez JG, Langohr I. Placentitis and Dystocia Attributed to Streptobacillus moniliformis in a Domestic Dumbo Rat ( Rattus norvegicus ). J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Eisenberg T, Glaeser SP, Ewers C, Semmler T, Nicklas W, Rau J, Mauder N, Hofmann N, Imaoka K, Kimura M, Kämpfer P. Streptobacillus notomytis sp. nov., isolated from a spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis Thomas, 1922), and emended description of Streptobacillus Levaditi et al. 1925, Eisenberg et al. 2015 emend. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 65:4823-4829. [PMID: 26438009 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A pleomorphic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was isolated in 1979 from the heart of a spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis Thomas, 1922) with septicaemia and stored as Streptobacillus moniliformis in the strain collection of the Animal Health Laboratory, South Perth, Western Australia (AHL 370-1), as well as under CCUG 12425. On the basis of 16SrRNA gene sequence analyses, the strain was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus, with 99.4 % sequence similarity to the type strain of Streptobacillus moniliformis, 95.6 %sequence similarity to the type strain of Streptobacillus hongkongensis and 99.0 %sequence similarity to the type strain of Streptobacillus felis. The clear differentiation of strain AHL 370-1T from Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus hongkongensis and Streptobacillus felis was also supported by rpoB, groEL and recA nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. Average nucleotide identity was 87.16 % between strain AHL 370-1T and Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T. Physiological data confirmed the allocation of strain AHL 370-1T to the family Leptotrichiaceae, considering the very similar profiles of enzyme activities and fatty acids compared to closely related species. Within the genus Streptobacillus,isolate AHL 370-1T could also be separated unambiguously from the type strains of Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus hongkongensis and Streptobacillus felis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Two further strains (KWG2 and KWG24) isolated from asymptomatic black rats in Japan were highly similar to AHL 370-1T. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus notomytis sp. nov., with the type strain AHL370-1T (=CCUG 12425T=DSM 100026T=CCM 8593T=EF 12425T).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Werner Nicklas
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Rau
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, D-70736 Fellbach, Germany
| | - Norman Mauder
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, D-70736 Fellbach, Germany
| | - Nicola Hofmann
- Institut für Mehrphasenprozesse, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Koichi Imaoka
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kimura
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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5
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Eisenberg T, Ewers C, Rau J, Akimkin V, Nicklas W. Approved and novel strategies in diagnostics of rat bite fever and other Streptobacillus infections in humans and animals. Virulence 2016; 7:630-48. [PMID: 27088660 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1177694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat bite fever (RBF), a worldwide occurring and most likely under-diagnosed zoonosis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, represents the most prominent disease of Streptobacillus infections. Recently, novel members have been described, from which a reservoir in rats and other animal species and a zoonotic potential can be assumed. Despite regularly published case reports, diagnostics of RBF continues to represent a 'diagnostic dilemma', because the mostly applied 16S rRNA sequence analysis may be uncertain for proper pathogen identification. Virtually nothing is known regarding prevalence in humans and animal reservoirs. For a realistic assessment of the pathogen's spread, epidemiology and virulence traits, future studies should focus on the genomic background of Streptobacillus. Full genome sequence analyses of a representative collection of strains might facilitate to unequivocally identify and type isolates. Prevalence studies using selective enrichment mechanisms may also enable the isolation of novel strains and candidate species of this neglected group of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christa Ewers
- b Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen , Gießen , Germany
| | - Jörg Rau
- c Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart , Fellbach , Germany
| | - Valerij Akimkin
- c Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart , Fellbach , Germany
| | - Werner Nicklas
- d Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum , Heidelberg , Germany
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6
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Human oropharynx as natural reservoir of Streptobacillus hongkongensis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24419. [PMID: 27074987 PMCID: PMC4831002 DOI: 10.1038/srep24419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported the isolation of Streptobacillus hongkongensis sp. nov. from patients with quinsy or septic arthritis. In this study, we developed a PCR sequencing test after sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and nalidixic acid enrichment for detection of S. hongkongensis. During a three-month study period, among the throat swabs from 132 patients with acute pharyngitis and 264 controls, PCR and DNA sequencing confirmed that S. hongkongensis and S. hongkongensis-like bacteria were detected in 16 patients and 29 control samples, respectively. Among these 45 positive samples, five different sequence variants were detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that sequence variant 1 was clustered with S. hongkongensis HKU33T/HKU34 with high bootstrap support; while the other four sequence variants formed another distinct cluster. When compared with the 16S rRNA gene of S. hongkongensis HKU33T, the five sequence variants possessed 97.5–100% sequence identities. Among sequence variants 2–5, their sequences showed ≥99.5% nucleotide identities to each other. Forty-two individuals (93.3%) only harbored one sequence variant. We showed that the human oropharynx is a reservoir of S. hongkongensis, but the bacterium is not associated with acute pharyngitis. Another undescribed novel Streptobacillus species is probably also residing in the human oropharynx.
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7
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Eisenberg T, Glaeser SP, Ewers C, Semmler T, Drescher B, Kämpfer P. Caviibacter abscessus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Leptotrichiaceae isolated from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1652-1659. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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8
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Eisenberg T, Kämpfer P, Ewers C, Semmler T, Glaeser SP, Collins E, Ruttledge M, Palmer R. Oceanivirga salmonicida gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the Leptotrichiaceae isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2429-2437. [PMID: 27031261 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A pleomorphic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase- negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was originally isolated in 1992 from moribund, seawater farmed Atlantic salmon with multifocal tissue necrosis. Strain AVG 2115T displayed considerable similarities with Streptobacillus moniliformis, one of the two etiological agents of rat bite fever, and has been stored as Streptobacillus sp. NCIMB 703044T. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, this strain displayed >99 % sequence similarities with uncultured bacterial clones from the digestive tracts of marine mammals, followed by Sneathia sanguinegens CCUG 41628T (92.7 %), 'Sneathia amnii' Sn35 (92.5 %), Caviibacter abscessus CCUG 39713T (92.2 %), Streptobacillus ratti OGS16T (91.3 %), Streptobacillus notomytis AHL 370-1T (91.2 %), S. moniliformis DSM 12112T (91.0 %), Streptobacillus felis 131000547T (90.9 %) and Streptobacillus hongkongensis DSM 26322T (89.7 %). Sequence similarities to all other taxa were below 89 %. Phylogenetic analysis for strain NCIMB 703044T revealed highly similar results for gyrB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analyses independent of the employed treeing method. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) for complete genomes ranged from 66.00 % to 72.08 % between strain NCIMB 703044T and the type strains of Sebaldella termitidis, Leptotrichiabuccalis, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Sneathia sanguinegens and Caviibacter abscessus. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data of strain NCIMB 703044t were in congruence with closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis was capable to clearly discriminate strain NCIMB 703044T from all currently described taxa of the family Leptotrichiaceae. On the basis of these data we propose the novel taxon Oceanivirga salmonicida gen. nov. sp. nov. with the type strain AVG 2115T (=NCIMB 703044T) (=DSM 101867T). The G+C content is 25.4 %, genome size is 1.77 Mbp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Collins
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Roy Palmer
- Maribio Consultants, Moycullen, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Carlstein C, Marie Søes L, Jørgen Christensen J. Aerococcus christensenii as Part of Severe Polymicrobial Chorioamnionitis in a Pregnant Woman. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:27-31. [PMID: 27014376 PMCID: PMC4787314 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is a potentially life threatening infection of the fetal
membranes, commonly caused by ascending bacteria from the vagina and cervix. In
our case, a healthy nullipara with a term pregnancy presented clinical signs of
infection after induced labour with an intracervical balloon. Thick green and
foul smelling amniotic fluid was observed and culture showed massive growth of
Aerococcus christensenii, a facultative anaerob species found in the
human vagina, previously only rarely alleged to cause invasive infection.
Additional testing with 16S rRNA gene analysis also identified the presence of
Gemella asaccharolytica, Snethia sanguinegens, Parvimonas
micra and Streptobacillus moniliformis. The patient was
treated with cefuroxime and metronidazole and recovered quickly. The newborn
showed no signs of infection. This case points at the possible role of these
pathogens in female genital tract infections. The case also underlines the
importance of the combination of culture and culture independent diagnostic
approaches to reveal possible polymicrobial natures of selected infections, in
this case chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrine Carlstein
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Næstved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700 Næstved, Denmark
| | - Lillian Marie Søes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 18, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Christensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 18, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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10
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Eisenberg T, Imaoka K, Kimura M, Glaeser SP, Ewers C, Semmler T, Rau J, Nicklas W, Tanikawa T, Kämpfer P. Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., isolated from a black rat (Rattus rattus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:1620-1626. [PMID: 26705259 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium, strain OGS16T, was isolated from an oral swab of a feral black rat (Rattus rattus) in 2007 in Japan. It stained Gram-negative and had pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain OGS16T was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.3, 99.0, 98.6 and 95.5% to the type strains of Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus notomytis, Streptobacillus felis and Streptobacillus hongkongensis, respectively. Strain OGS16T could also be differentiated clearly from other species of the genus Streptobacillus by rpoB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis. DNA-DNA relatedness as obtained by average nucleotide identity was 89.10% between strain OGS16T and Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data for strain OGS16T were congruent with results for other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in discriminating strain OGS16T unequivocally from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., with the type strain OGS16T (=JCM 31098T=DSM 101843T). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 25.9 mol% and the genome size is 1.50 Mbp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Imaoka
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kimura
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Rau
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, D-70736 Fellbach, Germany
| | - Werner Nicklas
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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11
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Eisenberg T, Nicklas W, Mauder N, Rau J, Contzen M, Semmler T, Hofmann N, Aledelbi K, Ewers C. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Members of the Genus Streptobacillus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134312. [PMID: 26252790 PMCID: PMC4529157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Streptobacillus (S.) remained monotypic for almost 90 years until two new species were recently described. The type species, S. moniliformis, is one of the two etiological agents of rat bite fever, an under-diagnosed, worldwide occurring zoonosis. In a polyphasic approach field isolates and reference strains of S. moniliformis, S. hongkongensis, S. felis as well as divergent isolates were characterized by comparison of molecular data (n = 29) and from the majority also by their physiological as well as proteomic properties (n = 22). Based on growth-independent physiological profiling using VITEK2-compact, API ZYM and the Micronaut system fastidious growth-related difficulties could be overcome and streptobacilli could definitively be typed despite generally few differences. While differing in their isolation sites and dates, S. moniliformis isolates were found to possess almost identical spectra in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic methods facilitated differentiation of S. moniliformis, S. hongkongensis and S. felis as well as one divergent isolate. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene as well as functional genes groEL, recA and gyrB revealed only little intraspecific variability, but generally proved suitable for interspecies discrimination between all three taxa and two groups of divergent isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eisenberg
- Hessian State Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Norman Mauder
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office (CVUA) Stuttgart, Fellbach, Germany
| | - Jörg Rau
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office (CVUA) Stuttgart, Fellbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Contzen
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office (CVUA) Stuttgart, Fellbach, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Hofmann
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Woo PCY, Wu AKL, Tsang CC, Leung KW, Ngan AHY, Curreem SOT, Lam KW, Chen JHK, Chan JFW, Lau SKP. Streptobacillus hongkongensis sp. nov., isolated from patients with quinsy and septic arthritis, and emended descriptions of the genus Streptobacillus and Streptobacillus moniliformis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3034-3039. [PMID: 24912824 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.061242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bacterial strains, HKU33(T) and HKU34, were isolated in Hong Kong from the pus aspirated from the right peritonsillar abscess of a patient with quinsy and the left elbow joint fluid of another patient with tophaceous gout and left elbow septic arthritis, respectively. The bacteria were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-haemolytic pleomorphic bacilli. They grew best on Columbia agar with 5 % defibrinated sheep blood in an anaerobic environment or aerobic environment with 5 % CO2. They also grew on chocolate agar but not on MacConkey agar. They were catalase- and cytochrome oxidase-negative. They showed a unique profile of enzyme activities distinguishable from their closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete 16S rRNA gene, and partial groEL, gyrB and recA gene sequences showed the two isolates formed a distinct branch within the family Leptotrichiaceae, being related most closely to Streptobacillus moniliformis. Hierarchical cluster analysis of mass spectra of whole-cell protein contents showed that strains HKU33(T) and HKU34 were closely related to each other, but were distinct from Streptobacillus moniliformis, Sneathia sanguinegens and 'Leptotrichia amnionii'. The DNA G+C content of strain HKU33(T) was 26.0±2.1 mol% (mean±sd; n = 3). DNA-DNA hybridization demonstrated ≤45.02 % DNA relatedness between the two isolates and Streptobacillus moniliformis CCUG 13453(T). A novel species, Streptobacillus hongkongensis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate strains HKU33(T) and HKU34, with HKU33(T) ( = JCM 18691(T) = NCTC 13659(T) = DSM 26322(T)) designated the type strain. Emended descriptions of the genus Streptobacillus and Streptobacillus moniliformis are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Alan K L Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kit-Wah Leung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Shirly O T Curreem
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kwok-Wai Lam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jonathan H K Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Gaastra W, Boot R, Ho HTK, Lipman LJA. Rat bite fever. Vet Microbiol 2008; 133:211-28. [PMID: 19008054 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rat bite fever (RBF) is a bacterial zoonosis for which two causal bacterial species have been identified: Streptobacillis moniliformis and Spirillum minus. Haverhill fever (HF) is a form of S. moniliformis infection believed to develop after ingestion of contaminated food or water. Here the infectious agents, their host species, pathogenicity (virulence factors and host susceptibility), diagnostic methods, therapy, epidemiology, transmission and prevention are described. Special emphasis is given on information from the field of laboratory animal microbiology and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Gaastra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Streptobacillus moniliformis septic arthritis: a clinical entity distinct from rat-bite fever? BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7:56. [PMID: 17561996 PMCID: PMC1903360 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-7-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic agent associated with rodent contacts. Although it is more commonly reported to cause rat-bite fever with reactive arthritides, it can also lead to pyogenic infection of the joints. CASE PRESENTATION We present a lady with past history of osteoarthritis developing streptobacillary septic arthritides of the right knee and left wrist, and required antibiotic and arthrotomy for treatment. We also review 11 previously reported cases of streptobacillary septic arthritis to discuss the characteristics, treatment, prognosis of the infection, and illustrates the differences between streptobacillary rat-bite fever and septic arthritis. Among this patient population, most patients had potential contact with rats (91.6%). The knee is the most commonly affected joint (58.3%), and 83.3% patients having polyarticular involvement. As opposed to rat-bite fever, fever and rash was only present in 58.3% and 16.7% of patients respectively. S. moniliformis bacteremia is uncommon (8.4%) and the prognosis is good. CONCLUSION Arthrocentesis is useful in distinguishing streptobacillary septic arthritis from reactive arthritis of rat-bite fever. The sole use of commercial media containing sodium polyanethol sulfonate may render the bacterial culture negative. A detailed history of possible exposure to rodents should be elicited from patients with arthritis in order to facilitate microbiologic diagnosis.
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15
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Alajeel AAS, Garland SM. An unusual cause of pelvic inflammatory disease due to Neisseria meningitidis. Sex Health 2006; 1:157-60. [PMID: 16335303 DOI: 10.1071/sh03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A case of pelvic inflammatory disease due to Neisseria meningitidis is described. The importance of the definitive diagnosis of Neisseria to a species level is underscored for public health issues, appropriate contact tracing, as well as potential psychosocial implications. A review of the literature of genitally related N. meningitidis cases is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad A Said Alajeel
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Australia
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Wallet F, Savage C, Loïez C, Renaux E, Pischedda P, Courcol RJ. Molecular diagnosis of arthritis due to streptobacillus moniliformis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 47:623-4. [PMID: 14711486 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(03)00167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptobacillus moniliformis was identified as etiologic agent of arthritis utilizing a 16S rDNA molecular kit in our clinical laboratory. With the increasing of human contacts with rat as pet, this method would appear suitable to identify fastidious Gram-negative rod involved in arthritis specially when the clinical context is not evocative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Wallet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpital A. Calmette, CHRU de Lille, Lille Cedex, France.
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Frans J, Verhaegen J, Van Noyen R. Streptobacillus moniliformis: case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 2001; 56:187-90. [PMID: 11484516 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2001.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Streptobacillus moniliformis is one of the causes of rat bite fever. The clinical and microbiological diagnosis of this rare infectious disease is often quite problematic. Penicillin, in sufficiently high dosis, is the treatment of choice and leads to a prompt resolution of the infection, whereas lack of treatment leads to a 13% mortality rate. As far as we know, this paper reports the first human isolate in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frans
- Department of Microbiology, Imeldaziekenhuis Bonheiden, Leuven, Belgium.
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