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Moccia F, Negri S, Faris P, Berra-Romani R. Targeting the Endothelial Ca2+ Toolkit to Rescue Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity Associated-Hypertension. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:240-257. [PMID: 31486745 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190905142135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major cardiovascular risk factor which dramatically impairs endothelium- dependent vasodilation and leads to hypertension and vascular damage. The impairment of the vasomotor response to extracellular autacoids, e.g., acetylcholine, mainly depends on the reduced Nitric Oxide (NO) bioavailability, which hampers vasorelaxation in large conduit arteries. In addition, obesity may affect Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization (EDH), which drives vasorelaxation in small resistance arteries and arterioles. Of note, endothelial Ca2+ signals drive NO release and trigger EDH. METHODS A structured search of bibliographic databases was carried out to retrieve the most influential, recent articles on the impairment of vasorelaxation in animal models of obesity, including obese Zucker rats, and on the remodeling of the endothelial Ca2+ toolkit under conditions that mimic obesity. Furthermore, we searched for articles discussing how dietary manipulation could be exploited to rescue Ca2+-dependent vasodilation. RESULTS We found evidence that the endothelial Ca2+ could be severely affected by obese vessels. This rearrangement could contribute to endothelial damage and is likely to be involved in the disruption of vasorelaxant mechanisms. However, several Ca2+-permeable channels, including Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential (TRPV) 1, 3 and 4 could be stimulated by several food components to stimulate vasorelaxation in obese individuals. CONCLUSION The endothelial Ca2+ toolkit could be targeted to reduce vascular damage and rescue endothelium- dependent vasodilation in obese vessels. This hypothesis remains, however, to be probed on truly obese endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Avci E, Yildirim T, Kadi H. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Is Less Common in Patients with Good Coronary Collateral Circulation. Cardiorenal Med 2017; 7:316-323. [PMID: 29118770 DOI: 10.1159/000479013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a typically reversible type of acute renal failure that develops after exposure to contrast agents; underlying endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an important risk factor for CIN. Although the mechanism of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is not fully understood, a pivotal role of the endothelium has been reported in many studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between CCC and CIN. Methods Patients with at least one occluded major coronary artery and blood creatinine analyses performed before and on the second day after angiography were included in the study. CIN was defined as a 25% or greater elevation of creatinine on the second day after exposure to the contrast agent. Collateral grading was performed according to the Rentrop classification. Patients were grouped according to whether they developed CIN or not, i.e., CIN(-) and CIN(+) group. Results A total of 214 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. CIN was diagnosed in 43 patients (20.1%) in the study population. Good CCC was identified in 112 patients (65.5%) in the CIN(-) group, whereas it was identified in 13 patients (30.2%) in the CIN(+) group. In the CIN(-) group, good CCC was significantly more frequent (p < 0.001). Furthermore, collateral circulation was an independent predictor of CIN. Conclusion Good collateral circulation was associated with a lower frequency of CIN, and poor collateral circulation was an independent predictor of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Avci
- Cardiology Department, Balikesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Tarik Yildirim
- Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir State Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kadi
- Cardiology Department, Balikesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey
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Schepelmann M, Yarova PL, Lopez-Fernandez I, Davies TS, Brennan SC, Edwards PJ, Aggarwal A, Graça J, Rietdorf K, Matchkov V, Fenton RA, Chang W, Krssak M, Stewart A, Broadley KJ, Ward DT, Price SA, Edwards DH, Kemp PJ, Riccardi D. The vascular Ca2+-sensing receptor regulates blood vessel tone and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C193-204. [PMID: 26538090 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00248.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor CaSR is expressed in blood vessels where its role is not completely understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the CaSR expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is directly involved in regulation of blood pressure and blood vessel tone. Mice with targeted CaSR gene ablation from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were generated by breeding exon 7 LoxP-CaSR mice with animals in which Cre recombinase is driven by a SM22α promoter (SM22α-Cre). Wire myography performed on Cre-negative [wild-type (WT)] and Cre-positive (SM22α)CaSR(Δflox/Δflox) [knockout (KO)] mice showed an endothelium-independent reduction in aorta and mesenteric artery contractility of KO compared with WT mice in response to KCl and to phenylephrine. Increasing extracellular calcium ion (Ca(2+)) concentrations (1-5 mM) evoked contraction in WT but only relaxation in KO aortas. Accordingly, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures of KO animals were significantly reduced compared with WT, as measured by both tail cuff and radiotelemetry. This hypotension was mostly pronounced during the animals' active phase and was not rescued by either nitric oxide-synthase inhibition with nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or by a high-salt-supplemented diet. KO animals also exhibited cardiac remodeling, bradycardia, and reduced spontaneous activity in isolated hearts and cardiomyocyte-like cells. Our findings demonstrate a role for CaSR in the cardiovascular system and suggest that physiologically relevant changes in extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations could contribute to setting blood vessel tone levels and heart rate by directly acting on the cardiovascular CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schepelmann
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P L Yarova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - I Lopez-Fernandez
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - T S Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - S C Brennan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P J Edwards
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - A Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Graça
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Pathology Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - K Rietdorf
- Faculty of Science, Department for Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - V Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - W Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Califonia
| | - M Krssak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Stewart
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - K J Broadley
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D T Ward
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - S A Price
- Pathology Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - D H Edwards
- Cardiff University, Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D Riccardi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
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Weiland FL, Marti-Bonmati L, Lim L, Becker HC. Comparison of patient comfort between iodixanol and iopamidol in contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis: a randomized trial. Acta Radiol 2014; 55:715-24. [PMID: 24060817 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113505277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies have shown that iso-osmolar iodixanol (Visipaque®) causes less patient discomfort than low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) when administered via intra-arterial injection. No data are available comparing these agents for patient discomfort when administered intravenously (i.v.) using power injectors. PURPOSE To compare the frequency and intensity of patient discomfort between iodixanol and iopamidol (Isovue®) administered i.v. using a power injector in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen and pelvis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of iodixanol 320 mg I/mL or iopamidol 370 mg I/mL on patient discomfort. The presence of discomfort (heat, pain, coldness) and intensity was verbally rated by patients on a 0-10 scale and converted into four categories (0, none; 1-3, mild; 4-7, moderate; 8-10, severe). Image quality was evaluated. RESULTS Of the 299 evaluable patients enrolled at nine centers, 151 received iodixanol and 148 received iopamidol. The average age was 58 years. Iodixanol patients experienced significantly less moderate/severe discomfort (35.1% vs. 67.3%; P < 0.0001) or heat (29.8% vs. 63.9%; P < 0.0001), and severe discomfort (2.6% vs. 16.3%; P = 0.0004) or heat (2.6% vs. 15%; P = 0.0008), but three times more no discomfort (21.2% vs. 7.5%; P = 0.0008) than iopamidol patients. Excellent image quality was in 95.4% of iodixanol vs. 89.9% of iopamidol patients (P = 0.0508). Overall, adverse event (AE) rate excluding patient discomfort was 19.9% in the iodixanol group and 14.9% in the iopamidol group (P = 0.2870), but contrast-related AEs were comparable: 11.3% vs. 10.1% (P = 0.8522). Delayed skin reactions occurred in 2.6% of patients in the iodixanol group and in no patient in the iopamidol group (P = 0.1226). CONCLUSION Patients receiving iodixanol had significantly lower moderate-to-severe or severe discomfort than patients receiving iopamidol, with heat being the major contributor. Iodixanol use trended towards better image quality but the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences in incidences of overall or contrast-related AEs or delayed skin reactions were seen between the two groups. These data support that CM osmolality may be a key determinant of patient discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Marti-Bonmati
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Hans-Christoph Becker
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Clinical Radiology, Großhadern Clinics, Munich, Germany
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Chang CF, Liu XM, Peyton KJ, Durante W. Heme oxygenase-1 counteracts contrast media-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:303-11. [PMID: 24239896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury, which is a major adverse event following coronary angiography. In this study, we evaluated the effect of contrast media (CM) on human EC proliferation, migration, and inflammation, and determined if heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) influences the biological actions of CM. We found that three distinct CM, including high-osmolar (diatrizoate), low-osmolar (iopamidol), and iso-osmolar (iodixanol), stimulated the expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA. The induction of HO-1 was associated with an increase in NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS). CM also stimulated HO-1 promoter activity and this was prevented by mutating the antioxidant responsive element or by overexpressing dominant-negative Nrf2. In addition, the CM-mediated induction of HO-1 and activation of Nrf2 was abolished by acetylcysteine. Finally, CM inhibited the proliferation and migration of ECs and stimulated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the adhesion of monocytes on ECs. Inhibition or silencing of HO-1 exacerbated the anti-proliferative and inflammatory actions of CM but had no effect on the anti-migratory effect. Thus, induction of HO-1 via the ROS-Nrf2 pathway counteracts the anti-proliferative and inflammatory actions of CM. Therapeutic approaches targeting HO-1 may provide a novel approach in preventing CM-induced endothelial and organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fu Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kelly J Peyton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Edwards DH, Li Y, Ellinsworth DC, Griffith TM. The effect of inorganic arsenic on endothelium-dependent relaxation: role of NADPH oxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Toxicology 2013; 306:50-8. [PMID: 23384446 PMCID: PMC3639371 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic ingestion predisposes to vascular disease, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study we have analyzed the effects of short-term arsenite exposure on vascular function and endothelium-dependent relaxation. Endothelium-dependent relaxations, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-type, were studied in rabbit iliac artery and aortic rings using the G protein-coupled receptor agonist acetylcholine (ACh) and by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which promotes store-operated Ca(2+) entry by inhibiting the endothelial SERCA pump. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the endothelium of rabbit aortic valve leaflets and endothelium-denuded RIA and aortic rings was assessed by imaging of dihydroethidium. In the iliac artery, exposure to 100 μM arsenite for 30 min potentiated EDHF-type relaxations evoked by both CPA and ACh. Potentiation was prevented by catalase, the catalase/superoxide dismutase mimetic manganese porphyrin and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. By contrast in aortic rings, that exhibited negligible EDHF-type responses, endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxations evoked by CPA and ACh were unaffected by arsenite. Arsenite induced apocynin-sensitive increases in ROS production in the aortic valve endothelium, but not in the media and adventitia of the iliac artery and aorta. Our results suggest that arsenite can potentiate EDHF-type relaxations via a mechanism that is dependent on hydrogen peroxide, thus demonstrating that dismutation of the superoxide anion generated by NADPH oxidase can potentially offset loss of NO bioavailability under conditions of reduced eNOS activity. By contrast, selective increases in endothelial ROS production following exposure to arsenite failed to modify relaxations mediated by endogenous NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Edwards
- Ionic Cell Signalling Group, Wales Heart Research Institute, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Scoditti E, Massaro M, Montinari MR. Endothelial safety of radiological contrast media: Why being concerned. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 58:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
1. The present review focuses on the cytotoxic effects of iodinated contrast media (CM) that are shared by all types of CM. 2. Although the clinical nephrotoxicity of CM has been progressively improved, all currently available CM still possess a level of cytotoxicity, which is probably caused by iodine. 3. The toxicity caused by specific CM properties, such as osmolarity, viscosity and ionic strength, can be differentiated from the cytotoxicity common to all CM in studies using cell culture, isolated blood vessels and isolated tubules. 4. The cytotoxicity induced by CM leads to apoptosis and cell death of endothelial and tubular cells and may be initiated by cell membrane damage, together with oxidative stress. 5. Cell damage may be aggravated by factors such as tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, properties of individual CM, such as ionic strength, high osmolarity and/or viscosity, and clinically unfavourable conditions. 6. Clinically detectable renal failure may result from the summation of all these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio M Sendeski
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
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de Wit C, Griffith TM. Connexins and gap junctions in the EDHF phenomenon and conducted vasomotor responses. Pflugers Arch 2010; 459:897-914. [PMID: 20379740 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that electrical signaling via gap junctions plays a central role in the physiological control of vascular tone via two related mechanisms (1) the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) phenomenon, in which radial transmission of hyperpolarization from the endothelium to subjacent smooth muscle promotes relaxation, and (2) responses that propagate longitudinally, in which electrical signaling within the intimal and medial layers of the arteriolar wall orchestrates mechanical behavior over biologically large distances. In the EDHF phenomenon, the transmitted endothelial hyperpolarization is initiated by the activation of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels channels by InsP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and/or store-operated Ca(2+) entry triggered by the depletion of such stores. Pharmacological inhibitors of direct cell-cell coupling may thus attenuate EDHF-type smooth muscle hyperpolarizations and relaxations, confirming the participation of electrotonic signaling via myoendothelial and homocellular smooth muscle gap junctions. In contrast to isolated vessels, surprisingly little experimental evidence argues in favor of myoendothelial coupling acting as the EDHF mechanism in arterioles in vivo. However, it now seems established that the endothelium plays the leading role in the spatial propagation of arteriolar responses and that these involve poorly understood regenerative mechanisms. The present review will focus on the complex interactions between the diverse cellular signaling mechanisms that contribute to these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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