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Dries E, Gilbert G, Roderick HL, Sipido KR. The ryanodine receptor microdomain in cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102769. [PMID: 37390591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR) is a key player in Ca2+ handling during excitation-contraction coupling. During each heartbeat, RyR channels are responsible for linking the action potential with the contractile machinery of the cardiomyocyte by releasing Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. RyR function is fine-tuned by associated signalling molecules, arrangement in clusters and subcellular localization. These parameters together define RyR function within microdomains and are subject to disease remodelling. This review describes the latest findings on RyR microdomain organization, the alterations with disease which result in increased subcellular heterogeneity and emergence of microdomains with enhanced arrhythmogenic potential, and presents novel technologies that guide future research to study and target RyR channels within specific microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eef Dries
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratoire ORPHY EA 4324, Université de Brest, Brest, France
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Svensson B, Nitu FR, Rebbeck RT, McGurran LM, Oda T, Thomas DD, Bers DM, Cornea RL. Molecular Mechanism of a FRET Biosensor for the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Pathologically Leaky State. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12547. [PMID: 37628726 PMCID: PMC10454150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ leak from cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via hyperactive resting cardiac ryanodine receptor channels (RyR2) is pro-arrhythmic. An exogenous peptide (DPc10) binding promotes leaky RyR2 in cardiomyocytes and reports on that endogenous state. Conversely, calmodulin (CaM) binding inhibits RyR2 leak and low CaM affinity is diagnostic of leaky RyR2. These observations have led to designing a FRET biosensor for drug discovery targeting RyR2. We used FRET to clarify the molecular mechanism driving the DPc10-CaM interdependence when binding RyR2 in SR vesicles. We used donor-FKBP12.6 (D-FKBP) to resolve RyR2 binding of acceptor-CaM (A-CaM). In low nanomolar Ca2+, DPc10 decreased both FRETmax (under saturating [A-CaM]) and the CaM/RyR2 binding affinity. In micromolar Ca2+, DPc10 decreased FRETmax without affecting CaM/RyR2 binding affinity. This correlates with the analysis of fluorescence-lifetime-detected FRET, indicating that DPc10 lowers occupancy of the RyR2 CaM-binding sites in nanomolar (not micromolar) Ca2+ and lengthens D-FKBP/A-CaM distances independent of [Ca2+]. To observe DPc10/RyR2 binding, we used acceptor-DPc10 (A-DPc10). CaM weakens A-DPc10/RyR2 binding, with this effect being larger in micromolar versus nanomolar Ca2+. Moreover, A-DPc10/RyR2 binding is cooperative in a CaM- and FKBP-dependent manner, suggesting that both endogenous modulators promote concerted structural changes between RyR2 protomers for channel regulation. Aided by the analysis of cryo-EM structures, these insights inform further development of the DPc10-CaM paradigm for therapeutic discovery targeting RyR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Svensson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.S.); (R.T.R.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Florentin R. Nitu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.S.); (R.T.R.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Robyn T. Rebbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.S.); (R.T.R.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Lindsey M. McGurran
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.S.); (R.T.R.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David D. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.S.); (R.T.R.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Donald M. Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Razvan L. Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.S.); (R.T.R.); (L.M.M.)
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3
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Walweel K, Beard N, van Helden DF, Laver DR. Dantrolene inhibition of ryanodine channels (RyR2) in artificial lipid bilayers depends on FKBP12.6. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213277. [PMID: 37279522 PMCID: PMC10244881 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dantrolene is a neutral hydantoin that is clinically used as a skeletal muscle relaxant to prevent overactivation of the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (RyR1) in response to volatile anesthetics. Dantrolene has aroused considerable recent interest as a lead compound for stabilizing calcium release due to overactive cardiac calcium release channels (RyR2) in heart failure. Previously, we found that dantrolene produces up to a 45% inhibition RyR2 with an IC50 of 160 nM, and that this inhibition requires the physiological association between RyR2 and CaM. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that dantrolene inhibition of RyR2 in the presence of CaM is modulated by RyR2 phosphorylation at S2808 and S2814. Phosphorylation was altered by incubations with either exogenous phosphatase (PP1) or kinases; PKA to phosphorylate S2808 or endogenous CaMKII to phosphorylate S2814. We found that PKA caused selective dissociation of FKBP12.6 from the RyR2 complex and a loss of dantrolene inhibition. Rapamycin-induced FKBP12.6 dissociation from RyR2 also resulted in the loss of dantrolene inhibition. Subsequent incubations of RyR2 with exogenous FKBP12.6 reinstated dantrolene inhibition. These findings indicate that the inhibitory action of dantrolene on RyR2 depends on RyR2 association with FKBP12.6 in addition to CaM as previously found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafa Walweel
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Nicole Beard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Dirk F. van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Derek R. Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, Australia
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4
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Nikolaienko R, Bovo E, Kahn D, Gracia R, Jamrozik T, Zima AV. Cysteines 1078 and 2991 cross-linking plays a critical role in redox regulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR). Nat Commun 2023; 14:4498. [PMID: 37495581 PMCID: PMC10372021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cardiac pathologies, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, are associated with oxidative stress. Oxidation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca2+ channel causes spontaneous oscillations of intracellular Ca2+, resulting in contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias. RyR2 oxidation promotes the formation of disulfide bonds between two cysteines on neighboring RyR2 subunits, known as intersubunit cross-linking. However, the large number of cysteines in RyR2 has been a major hurdle in identifying the specific cysteines involved in this pathology-linked post-translational modification of the channel. Through mutagenesis of human RyR2 and in-cell Ca2+ imaging, we identify that only two cysteines (out of 89) in each RyR2 subunit are responsible for half of the channel's functional response to oxidative stress. Our results identify cysteines 1078 and 2991 as a redox-sensitive pair that forms an intersubunit disulfide bond between neighboring RyR2 subunits during oxidative stress, resulting in a pathological "leaky" RyR2 Ca2+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Elisa Bovo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Daniel Kahn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Gracia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Thomas Jamrozik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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5
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Svensson B, Nitu FR, Rebbeck RT, McGurran LM, Oda T, Thomas DD, Bers DM, Cornea RL. Molecular Mechanism of a FRET Biosensor for the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Pathologically Leaky State. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.548138. [PMID: 37461514 PMCID: PMC10350043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.548138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Ca 2+ leak from cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via hyperactive resting cardiac ryanodine receptor channels (RyR2) is pro-arrhythmic. An exogenous peptide, (DPc10) detects leaky RyR2 in cardiomyocytes. Conversely, calmodulin (CaM) inhibits RyR2 leak. These observations have led to designing a FRET biosensor for drug discovery targeting RyR2. Here we used FRET to understand the molecular mechanism driving the DPc10-CaM interdependence when binding RyR2 in SR vesicles. We used donor-FKBP12.6 (D-FKBP) to resolve RyR2 binding of acceptor-CaM (A-CaM). In low nanomolar Ca 2+ , DPc10 decreased both FRET max (under saturating [A-CaM]) and the CaM/RyR2 binding affinity. In micromolar Ca 2+ , DPc10 decreased FRET max without affecting CaM/RyR2 binding affinity. This correlates with analysis of fluorescence-lifetime-detected FRET indicating that DPc10 lowers occupancy of the RyR2 CaM-binding sites in nanomolar (not micromolar) Ca 2+ and lengthens D-FKBP/A-CaM distances independent of [Ca 2+ ]. To observe DPc10/RyR2 binding, we used acceptor-DPc10 (A-DPc10). CaM weakens A-DPc10/RyR2 binding, this effect being larger in micromolar vs. nanomolar Ca 2+ . Moreover, A-DPc10/RyR2 binding is cooperative in CaM- and FKBP-dependent manner, suggesting that both endogenous modulators promote concerted structural changes between RyR2 protomers for channel regulation. Aided by analysis of cryo-EM structures, these insights inform further development of the DPc10-CaM paradigm for therapeutic discovery targeting RyR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Svensson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Florentin R. Nitu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Robyn T. Rebbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Lindsey M. McGurran
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis
| | - David D. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Donald M. Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis
| | - Razvan L. Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Nawata J, Yamamoto T, Tanaka S, Yano Y, Uchida T, Fujii S, Nakamura Y, Suetomi T, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Kobayashi S, Yano M. Dantrolene improves left ventricular diastolic property in mineralcorticoid-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101449. [PMID: 36926278 PMCID: PMC10011190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is increasingly common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and new drug therapy is desired. We recently reported that dantrolene (DAN) attenuates pressure-overload induced hypertrophic signaling through stabilization of tetrameric structure of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2). Because cardiac hypertrophy substantially affects LV diastolic properties, we investigated the effect of DAN on LV diastolic properties in mineralocorticoid-salt-induced hypertensive rat model exhibiting the HFpEF phenotype. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (8 weeks old) received an uninephrectomy (UNX), subcutaneous implantation of a 200 mg pellet of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), and 0.9% NaCl water (UNX + DOCA-salt). UNX, a control pellet, and water without NaCl served as controls (UNX control). The effect of oral administration of 100 mg/kg/d DAN was examined in UNX control and UNX + DOCA-salt groups (UNX + DAN and UNX + DOCA-salt + DAN). UNX + DOCA-salt treatment resulted in mild hypertension. Chronic administration of DAN to UNX + DOCA-salt rats (UNX + DOCA-salt + DAN) did not affect blood pressure. DAN treatment increased the mitral annular early relaxation velocity in the UNX + DOCA-salt group. The size of cardiomyocytes increased in the UNX + DOCA-salt group, whereas the increase was suppressed by DAN treatment. LV fibrotic area was significantly smaller in the UNX + DOCA-salt + DAN group than in the UNX + DOCA-salt group (2.0 ± 0.2% vs 4.0 ± 0.4%). The LV chamber stiffness significantly increased in the UNX + DOCA-salt group, whereas the increase was suppressed by DAN treatment. DAN treatment normalized the CaM-RyR2 interaction and inhibited aberrant Ca2+ release. DAN improved left ventricular diastolic properties with respect to both myocardial relaxation and chamber stiffness. DAN may be a new treatment option for HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nawata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yasutake Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suetomi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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Fujii S, Kobayashi S, Chang Y, Nawata J, Yoshitomi R, Tanaka S, Kohno M, Nakamura Y, Ishiguchi H, Suetomi T, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Okuda S, Okamura T, Yamamoto T, Yano M. RyR2-targeting therapy prevents left ventricular remodeling and ventricular tachycardia in post-infarction heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 178:36-50. [PMID: 36963751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dantrolene binds to the Leu601-Cys620 region of the N-terminal domain of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), which corresponds to the Leu590-Cys609 region of the skeletal ryanodine receptor, and suppresses diastolic Ca2+ leakage through RyR2. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the chronic administration of dantrolene prevented left ventricular (LV) remodeling and ventricular tachycardia (VT) after myocardial infarction (MI) by the same mechanism with the mutation V3599K of RyR2, which indicated that the inhibition of diastolic Ca2+ leakage occurred by enhancing the binding affinity of calmodulin (CaM) to RyR2. METHODS AND RESULTS A left anterior descending coronary artery ligation MI model was developed in mice. Wild-type (WT) were divided into four groups: sham-operated mice (WT-Sham), sham-operated mice treated with dantrolene (WT-Sham-DAN), MI mice (WT-MI), and MI mice treated with dantrolene (WT-MI-DAN). Homozygous V3599K RyR2 knock-in (KI) mice were divided into two groups: sham-operated mice (KI-Sham) and MI mice (KI-MI). The mice were followed for 12 weeks. Survival was significantly higher in the WT-MI-DAN (73%) and KI-MI groups (70%) than the WT-MI group (40%). Echocardiography, pathological tissue, and epinephrine-induced VT studies showed that LV remodeling and VT were prevented in the WT-MI-DAN and KI-MI groups compared to the WT-MI group. An increase in diastolic Ca2+ spark frequency and a decrease in the binding affinity of CaM to the RyR2 were observed at 12 weeks after MI in the WT-MI group, although significant improvements in these values were observed in the WT-MI-DAN and KI-MI groups. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological or genetic stabilization of RyR2 tetrameric structure improves survival after MI by suppressing LV remodeling and proarrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Fujii
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Therapeutic Science for Heart Failure in the Elderly, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yaowei Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Junya Nawata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshitomi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kohno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakamura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishiguchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suetomi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Stutzman MJ, Kim CSJ, Tester DJ, Hamrick SK, Dotzler SM, Giudicessi JR, Miotto MC, Gc JB, Frank J, Marks AR, Ackerman MJ. Characterization of N-terminal RYR2 variants outside CPVT1 hotspot regions using patient iPSCs reveal pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2023-2036. [PMID: 35931078 PMCID: PMC9481874 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a cardiac channelopathy causing ventricular tachycardia following adrenergic stimulation. Pathogenic variants in RYR2-encoded ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) cause CPVT1 and cluster into domains I–IV, with the most N-terminal domain involving residues 77–466. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) were generated for RYR2-F13L, -L14P, -R15P, and -R176Q variants. Isogenic control iPSCs were generated using CRISPR-Cas9/PiggyBac. Fluo-4 Ca2+ imaging assessed Ca2+ handling with/without isoproterenol (ISO), nadolol (Nad), and flecainide (Flec) treatment. CPVT1 iPSC-CMs displayed increased Ca2+ sparking and Ca2+ transient amplitude following ISO compared with control. Combined Nad treatment/ISO stimulation reduced Ca2+ amplitude and sparking in variant iPSC-CMs. Molecular dynamic simulations visualized the structural role of these variants. We provide the first functional evidence that these most proximal N-terminal localizing variants alter calcium handling similar to CPVT1. These variants are located at the N-terminal domain and the central domain interface and could destabilize the RYR2 channel promoting Ca2+ leak-triggered arrhythmias. Extreme N-terminal RyR2 variants alter calcium handling similar to classical CPVT1 Abnormal Ca2+ kinetics as well as uncontrolled Ca2+ release underlies CPVT1 In vitro arrhythmia studies with iPSCs show nadolol is an effective treatment In silico 3D modeling of RYR2 revealed pathogenicity of N-terminal variants
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J Stutzman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - C S John Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David J Tester
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Division of Heart Rhythm Services; Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Samantha K Hamrick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven M Dotzler
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John R Giudicessi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Division of Heart Rhythm Services; Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marco C Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeevan B Gc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Division of Heart Rhythm Services; Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine/Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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9
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Therapeutic Approaches of Ryanodine Receptor-Associated Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084435. [PMID: 35457253 PMCID: PMC9031589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the leading causes of death, with a growing number of cases worldwide, posing a challenge for both healthcare and research. Therefore, the most relevant aim of cardiac research is to unravel the molecular pathomechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets. Cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), the Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is believed to be a good therapeutic target in a group of certain heart diseases, collectively called cardiac ryanopathies. Ryanopathies are associated with the impaired function of the RyR, leading to heart diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type 2 (ARVD2), and calcium release deficiency syndrome (CRDS). The aim of the current review is to provide a short insight into the pathological mechanisms of ryanopathies and discuss the pharmacological approaches targeting RyR2.
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10
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Tanaka S, Yamamoto T, Mikawa M, Nawata J, Fujii S, Nakamura Y, Kato T, Fukuda M, Suetomi T, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Okuda S, Okamura T, Kobayashi S, Yano. M. Stabilization of RyR2 maintains right ventricular function, reduces the development of ventricular arrhythmias, and improves prognosis in pulmonary hypertension. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:986-997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Benitah JP, Perrier R, Mercadier JJ, Pereira L, Gómez AM. RyR2 and Calcium Release in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734210. [PMID: 34690808 PMCID: PMC8533677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is defined as the inability of the heart to efficiently pump out enough blood to maintain the body's needs, first at exercise and then also at rest. Alterations in Ca2+ handling contributes to the diminished contraction and relaxation of the failing heart. While most Ca2+ handling protein expression and/or function has been shown to be altered in many models of experimental HF, in this review, we focus in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel, the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2). Various modifications of this channel inducing alterations in its function have been reported. The first was the fact that RyR2 is less responsive to activation by Ca2+ entry through the L-Type calcium channel, which is the functional result of an ultrastructural remodeling of the ventricular cardiomyocyte, with fewer and disorganized transverse (T) tubules. HF is associated with an elevated sympathetic tone and in an oxidant environment. In this line, enhanced RyR2 phosphorylation and oxidation have been shown in human and experimental HF. After several controversies, it is now generally accepted that phosphorylation of RyR2 at the Calmodulin Kinase II site (S2814) is involved in both the depressed contractile function and the enhanced arrhythmic susceptibility of the failing heart. Diminished expression of the FK506 binding protein, FKBP12.6, may also contribute. While these alterations have been mostly studied in the left ventricle of HF with reduced ejection fraction, recent studies are looking at HF with preserved ejection fraction. Moreover, alterations in the RyR2 in HF may also contribute to supraventricular defects associated with HF such as sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana M. Gómez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology—UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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12
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Huang J, Huang S, Li J, Li M, Gong L, Li T, Gu L. CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism might contribute to coronary artery disease susceptibility in Chinese male: a case-control study. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:415-423. [PMID: 34338988 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmodulin 1 (CALM1) mutations are involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationship of CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism with CAD is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the relationship of CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism with CAD susceptibility, CALM1 expression, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood coagulation and serum lipid levels of CAD patients. METHODS 550 CAD patients and 550 control subjects were genotyped for CALM1 using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. CALM1 expression level was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS CALM1 mRNA expression was higher in CAD patients than that in control subjects (P < 0.001). CAD patients with CC genotype had higher CALM1 mRNA expression level than control subjects with CC genotype (P = 0.006). Genotypic frequency of rs3179089 was different between male patients of CAD and control subjects (P = 0.045). Rs3179089 polymorphism was related to CAD risk of males in recessive model (P = 0.039). Moreover, rs3179089 polymorphism was associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and D-Dimer (D-D) level of patients with CAD in recessive model (P = 0.013 for SBP; P = 0.034 for DBP; P = 0.004 for FPG; P = 0.046 for D-D). In addition, rs3179089 polymorphism was correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) serum levels of patients with CAD in both addictive (P = 0.025 for LDL-C; P = 0.001 for TC) and recessive models (P = 0.001 for LDL-C; P = 0.001 for TC). CONCLUSION CALM1 expression is associated with development of CAD. CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism affects CAD susceptibility in males, and blood pressure, blood glucose, blood coagulation and serum lipid of CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.,University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14228, USA.,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China
| | - Siyun Huang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Minhua Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Gong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Tongshun Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Lian Gu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.
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13
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Wei J, Yao J, Belke D, Guo W, Zhong X, Sun B, Wang R, Paul Estillore J, Vallmitjana A, Benitez R, Hove-Madsen L, Alvarez-Lacalle E, Echebarria B, Chen SRW. Ca 2+-CaM Dependent Inactivation of RyR2 Underlies Ca 2+ Alternans in Intact Heart. Circ Res 2020; 128:e63-e83. [PMID: 33375811 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ca2+ alternans plays an essential role in cardiac alternans that can lead to ventricular fibrillation, but the mechanism underlying Ca2+ alternans remains undefined. Increasing evidence suggests that Ca2+ alternans results from alternations in the inactivation of cardiac RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2). However, what inactivates RyR2 and how RyR2 inactivation leads to Ca2+ alternans are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of CaM (calmodulin) on Ca2+ alternans in intact working mouse hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an in vivo local gene delivery approach to alter CaM function by directly injecting adenoviruses expressing CaM-wild type, a loss-of-function CaM mutation, CaM (1-4), and a gain-of-function mutation, CaM-M37Q, into the anterior wall of the left ventricle of RyR2 wild type or mutant mouse hearts. We monitored Ca2+ transients in ventricular myocytes near the adenovirus-injection sites in Langendorff-perfused intact working hearts using confocal Ca2+ imaging. We found that CaM-wild type and CaM-M37Q promoted Ca2+ alternans and prolonged Ca2+ transient recovery in intact RyR2 wild type and mutant hearts, whereas CaM (1-4) exerted opposite effects. Altered CaM function also affected the recovery from inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current but had no significant impact on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content. Furthermore, we developed a novel numerical myocyte model of Ca2+ alternans that incorporates Ca2+-CaM-dependent regulation of RyR2 and the L-type Ca2+ channel. Remarkably, the new model recapitulates the impact on Ca2+ alternans of altered CaM and RyR2 functions under 9 different experimental conditions. Our simulations reveal that diastolic cytosolic Ca2+ elevation as a result of rapid pacing triggers Ca2+-CaM dependent inactivation of RyR2. The resultant RyR2 inactivation diminishes sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, which, in turn, reduces diastolic cytosolic Ca2+, leading to alternations in diastolic cytosolic Ca2+, RyR2 inactivation, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release (ie, Ca2+ alternans). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that inactivation of RyR2 by Ca2+-CaM is a major determinant of Ca2+ alternans, making Ca2+-CaM dependent regulation of RyR2 an important therapeutic target for cardiac alternans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Jinjing Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Darrell Belke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Alexander Vallmitjana
- Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (A.V., R.B.)
| | - Raul Benitez
- Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (A.V., R.B.).,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona IIBB-CSIC, CIBERCV and IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.H.-M.)
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (E.A.-L., B.E.)
| | - Blas Echebarria
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (E.A.-L., B.E.)
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
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14
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Kohno M, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto T, Yoshitomi R, Kajii T, Fujii S, Nakamura Y, Kato T, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Okuda S, Watanabe K, Mizukami Y, Yano M. Enhancing calmodulin binding to cardiac ryanodine receptor completely inhibits pressure-overload induced hypertrophic signaling. Commun Biol 2020; 3:714. [PMID: 33244105 PMCID: PMC7691336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a well-known major risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the precise mechanism underlying cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. Here, we investigate whether pressure-overload induced hypertrophy can be induced by destabilization of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) through calmodulin (CaM) dissociation and subsequent Ca2+ leakage, and whether it can be genetically rescued by enhancing the binding affinity of CaM to RyR2. In the very initial phase of pressure-overload induced cardiac hypertrophy, when cardiac contractile function is preserved, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated RyR2 destabilization already occurs in association with relaxation dysfunction. Further, stabilizing RyR2 by enhancing the binding affinity of CaM to RyR2 completely inhibits hypertrophic signaling and improves survival. Our study uncovers a critical missing link between RyR2 destabilization and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Kohno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshitomi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kajii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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15
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Tammineni ER, Hurtado-Monzón AM, García MC, Carrillo ED, Hernández A, María Del Ángel R, Sánchez JA. Dantrolene hinders dengue virus-induced upregulation and translocation of calmodulin to cardiac cell nuclei. Virology 2020; 553:81-93. [PMID: 33249258 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection elevates intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), but it is unknown whether Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM) are involved in DENV infection. We conducted immunofluorescence and western blot experiments and measured [Ca2+]i examining the effects of DENV infection and drugs that alter Ca2+/CaM functions on CaM translocation, DENV2 infection, protein expression, virus-inducible STAT2 protein abundance, and CREB phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. DENV infection increased CaM expression, its nuclear translocation and NS3 and E viral proteins expression and colocalization in a manner that could be blocked by the ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene. DENV infection also increased CREB phosphorylation, an effect inhibited by either dantrolene or the CaM inhibitor W7. Dantrolene substantially hindered infection as assessed by focus assays in Vero cells. These results suggest that Ca2+ and CaM play an important role in DENV infection of cardiac cells and that dantrolene may protect against severe DENV cardiac morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwar Reddy Tammineni
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Arianna Mahely Hurtado-Monzón
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - María Carmen García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Elba Dolores Carrillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Ascención Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico.
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16
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Nikolaienko R, Bovo E, Rebbeck RT, Kahn D, Thomas DD, Cornea RL, Zima AV. The functional significance of redox-mediated intersubunit cross-linking in regulation of human type 2 ryanodine receptor. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101729. [PMID: 32980662 PMCID: PMC7522892 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) plays a key role in the cardiac intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulation. We have previously shown that oxidative stress activates RyR2 in rabbit cardiomyocytes by promoting the formation of disulfide bonds between neighboring RyR2 subunits. However, the functional significance of this redox modification for human RyR2 (hRyR2) remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the redox regulation of hRyR2 in HEK293 cells transiently expressing the ryr2 gene. Analysis of hRyR2 cross-linking and of the redox-GFP readout response to diamide oxidation revealed that hRyR2 cysteines involved in the intersubunit cross-linking are highly sensitive to oxidative stress. In parallel experiments, the effect of diamide on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release was studied in cells co-transfected with hRyR2, ER Ca2+ pump (SERCA2a) and the ER-targeted Ca2+ sensor R-CEPIA1er. Expression of hRyR2 and SERCA2a produced “cardiac-like” Ca2+ waves due to spontaneous hRyR2 activation. Incubation with diamide caused a fast decline of the luminal ER Ca2+ (or ER Ca2+ load) followed by the cessation of Ca2+ waves. The maximal effect of diamide on ER Ca2+ load and Ca2+ waves positively correlates with the maximum level of hRyR2 cross-linking, indicating a functional significance of this redox modification. Furthermore, the level of hRyR2 cross-linking positively correlates with the degree of calmodulin (CaM) dissociation from the hRyR2 complex. In skeletal muscle RyR (RyR1), cysteine 3635 (C3635) is viewed as dominantly responsible for the redox regulation of the channel. Here, we showed that the corresponding cysteine 3602 (C3602) in hRyR2 does not participate in intersubunit cross-linking and plays a limited role in the hRyR2 regulation by CaM during oxidative stress. Collectively, these results suggest that redox-mediated intersubunit cross-linking is an important regulator of hRyR2 function under pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress promotes cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) intersubunit crosslinking. Human RyR2 crosslinking promotes Ca leak and calmodulin dissociation. RyR2 C3602 is not involved in crosslinking, slightly affects calmodulin binding. RyR2 crosslinking is an important pathology related RyR2 regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elisa Bovo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robyn T Rebbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Kahn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium mishandling: central tenet in heart failure? Biophys Rev 2020; 12:865-878. [PMID: 32696300 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitation-contraction coupling links excitation of the sarcolemmal surface membrane to mechanical contraction. In the heart this link is established via a Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release process, which, following sarcolemmal depolarisation, prompts Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) though the ryanodine receptor (RyR2). This substantially raises the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration to trigger systole. In diastole, Ca2+ is removed from the cytoplasm, primarily via the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase (SERCA) pump on the SR membrane, returning Ca2+ to the SR store. Ca2+ movement across the SR is thus fundamental to the systole/diastole cycle and plays an essential role in maintaining cardiac contractile function. Altered SR Ca2+ homeostasis (due to disrupted Ca2+ release, storage, and reuptake pathways) is a central tenet of heart failure and contributes to depressed contractility, impaired relaxation, and propensity to arrhythmia. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie asynchronous Ca2+ cycling around the SR in the failing heart. Further, this review will illustrate that the combined effects of expression changes and disruptions to RyR2 and SERCA2a regulatory pathways are critical to the pathogenesis of heart failure.
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18
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Sufu-Shimizu Y, Okuda S, Kato T, Nishimura S, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto T, Yano M. Stabilizing cardiac ryanodine receptor prevents the development of cardiac dysfunction and lethal arrhythmia in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδc transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:431-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Kobayashi S, Wakeyama T, Ono S, Ikeda Y, Omura M, Oda T, Hisamatsu Y, Seki K, Satoh A, Hiromoto M, Akashi S, Uchida K, Harada M, Furutani Y, Nakamura Y, Kohno M, Kawamura S, Obayashi M, Michishige H, Yano M. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dantrolene on ventricular arrhythmia as well as mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (SHO-IN trial): rationale and design. J Cardiol 2020; 75:454-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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RyR1-targeted drug discovery pipeline integrating FRET-based high-throughput screening and human myofiber dynamic Ca 2+ assays. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1791. [PMID: 32019969 PMCID: PMC7000700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated cytoplasmic [Ca2+] is characteristic in severe skeletal and cardiac myopathies, diabetes, and neurodegeneration, and partly results from increased Ca2+ leak from sarcoplasmic reticulum stores via dysregulated ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels. Consequently, RyR is recognized as a high-value target for drug discovery to treat such pathologies. Using a FRET-based high-throughput screening assay that we previously reported, we identified small-molecule compounds that modulate the skeletal muscle channel isoform (RyR1) interaction with calmodulin and FK506 binding protein 12.6. Two such compounds, chloroxine and myricetin, increase FRET and inhibit [3H]ryanodine binding to RyR1 at nanomolar Ca2+. Both compounds also decrease RyR1 Ca2+ leak in human skinned skeletal muscle fibers. Furthermore, we identified compound concentrations that reduced leak by > 50% but only slightly affected Ca2+ release in excitation-contraction coupling, which is essential for normal muscle contraction. This report demonstrates a pipeline that effectively filters small-molecule RyR1 modulators towards clinical relevance.
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Søndergaard MT, Liu Y, Guo W, Wei J, Wang R, Brohus M, Overgaard MT, Chen SRW. Role of cardiac ryanodine receptor calmodulin-binding domains in mediating the action of arrhythmogenic calmodulin N-domain mutation N54I. FEBS J 2019; 287:2256-2280. [PMID: 31763755 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+ -sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) inhibits cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2)-mediated Ca2+ release. CaM mutations associated with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death have been shown to diminish CaM-dependent inhibition of RyR2, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Nearly all arrhythmogenic CaM mutations identified are located in the C-domain of CaM and exert marked effects on Ca2+ binding to CaM and on the CaM C-domain interaction with the CaM-binding domain 2 (CaMBD2) in RyR2. Interestingly, the arrhythmogenic N-domain mutation CaM-N54I has little or no effect on Ca2+ binding to CaM or the CaM C-domain-RyR2 CaMBD2 interaction, unlike all CaM C-domain mutations. This suggests that CaM-N54I may diminish CaM-dependent RyR2 inhibition by affecting CaM N-domain interactions with RyR2 CaMBDs other than CaMBD2. To explore this possibility, we assessed the effects of deleting each of the four known CaMBDs in RyR2 (CaMBD1a, -1b, -2, or -3) on the CaM-dependent inhibition of RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release in HEK293 cells. We found that removing CaMBD1a, CaMBD1b, or CaMBD3 did not alter the effects of CaM-N54I or CaM-WT on RyR2 inhibition. On the other hand, deleting RyR2-CaMBD2 abolished the effects of both CaM-N54I and CaM-WT. Our results support that CaM-N54I causes aberrant RyR2 regulation via an uncharacterized CaMBD or less likely CaMBD2, and that RyR2 CaMBD2 is required for the actions of both N- and C-domain CaM mutations. Moreover, our results show that CaMBD1a is central to RyR2 regulation, but CaMBD1a, CaMBD1b, and CaMBD3 are not required for CaM-dependent inhibition of RyR2 in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads T Søndergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wenting Guo
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jinhong Wei
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Malene Brohus
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | | | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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Yamaguchi N. Molecular Insights into Calcium Dependent Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1131:321-336. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pathophysiology of Calcium Mediated Ventricular Arrhythmias and Novel Therapeutic Options with Focus on Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215304. [PMID: 31653119 PMCID: PMC6862059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias constitute a major health problem with a huge impact on mortality rates and health care costs. Despite ongoing research efforts, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and processes responsible for arrhythmogenesis remains incomplete. Given the crucial role of Ca2+-handling in action potential generation and cardiac contraction, Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ handling proteins represent promising targets for suppression of ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, we report the different roles of Ca2+-handling in the development of congenital as well as acquired ventricular arrhythmia syndromes. We highlight the therapeutic potential of gene therapy as a novel and innovative approach for future arrhythmia therapy. Furthermore, we discuss various promising cellular and mitochondrial targets for therapeutic gene transfer currently under investigation.
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Kajii T, Kobayashi S, Shiba S, Fujii S, Tamitani M, Kohno M, Nakamura Y, Nanno T, Kato T, Okuda S, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Yamamoto T, Yano M. Dantrolene prevents ventricular tachycardia by stabilizing the ryanodine receptor in pressure- overload induced failing hearts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:57-63. [PMID: 31635807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Ca2+ release from cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) has been shown to be one of the most important causes of lethal arrhythmia in various types of failing hearts. We previously showed that dantrolene, a specific agent for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, inhibits Ca2+ leakage from the RyR2 by correcting the defective inter-domain interaction between the N-terminal (1-619 amino acids) and central (2000-2500 amino acids) domains of the RyR2 and allosterically enhancing the binding affinity of calmodulin to the RyR2 in diseased hearts. In this study, we examined whether dantrolene inhibits this Ca2+ leakage, thereby preventing the pharmacologically inducible ventricular tachycardia in ventricular pressure-overloaded failing hearts. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was easily induced after an injection of epinephrine in mice after 8 weeks of transverse aortic constriction-induced pressure-overload. Pretreatment with dantrolene almost completely inhibited the pharmacologically inducible VT. In the presence of dantrolene, the occurrence of both Ca2+ sparks and spontaneous Ca2+ transients was inhibited, which was associated with enhanced calmodulin binding affinity to the RyR2. These results suggest that dantrolene could be a new potent agent in the treatment of lethal arrhythmia in cases of acquired heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Kajii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sho Shiba
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Tamitani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kohno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takuma Nanno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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25
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Avula UMR, Hernandez JJ, Yamazaki M, Valdivia CR, Chu A, Rojas-Pena A, Kaur K, Ramos-Mondragón R, Anumonwo JM, Nattel S, Valdivia HH, Kalifa J. Atrial Infarction-Induced Spontaneous Focal Discharges and Atrial Fibrillation in Sheep: Role of Dantrolene-Sensitive Aberrant Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019. [PMID: 29540372 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying spontaneous atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with atrial ischemia/infarction are incompletely elucidated. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying spontaneous AF in an ovine model of left atrial myocardial infarction (LAMI). METHODS AND RESULTS LAMI was created by ligating the atrial branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. ECG loop recorders were implanted to monitor AF episodes. In 7 sheep, dantrolene-a ryanodine receptor blocker-was administered in vivo during the 8-day observation period (LAMI-D, 2.5 mg/kg, IV, BID). LAMI animals experienced numerous spontaneous AF episodes during the 8-day monitoring period that were suppressed by dantrolene (LAMI, 26.1±5.1; sham, 4.3±1.1; LAMI-D, 2.8±0.8; mean±SEM episodes per sheep, P<0.01). Optical mapping showed spontaneous focal discharges (SFDs) originating from the ischemic/normal-zone border. SFDs were calcium driven, rate dependent, and enhanced by isoproterenol (0.03 µmol/L, from 210±87 to 3816±1450, SFDs per sheep) but suppressed by dantrolene (to 55.8±32.8, SFDs per sheep, mean±SEM). SFDs initiated AF-maintaining reentrant rotors anchored by marked conduction delays at the ischemic/normal-zone border. NOS1 (NO synthase-1) protein expression decreased in ischemic zone myocytes, whereas NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form) oxidase and xanthine oxidase enzyme activities and reactive oxygen species (DCF [6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate]-fluorescence) increased. CaM (calmodulin) aberrantly increased [3H]ryanodine binding to cardiac RyR2 (ryanodine receptors) in the ischemic zone. Dantrolene restored the physiological binding of CaM to RyR2. CONCLUSIONS Atrial ischemia causes spontaneous AF episodes in sheep, caused by SFDs that initiate reentry. Nitroso-redox imbalance in the ischemic zone is associated with intense reactive oxygen species production and altered RyR2 responses to CaM. Dantrolene administration normalizes the CaM response, prevents LAMI-related SFDs, and AF initiation. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying ischemia-related atrial arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Mahesh R Avula
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Jonathan J Hernandez
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Masatoshi Yamazaki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Carmen R Valdivia
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Antony Chu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Alvaro Rojas-Pena
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Roberto Ramos-Mondragón
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Justus M Anumonwo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Stanley Nattel
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.)
| | - Jérôme Kalifa
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (U.M.R.A.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research (J.J.H., C.R.V., K.K., R.R.-M., J.A., H.H.V.) and Department of Surgery (A.R.-P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan (M.Y.); Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.C., J.K.); Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Québec (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (S.N.); and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen (S.N.).
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Nakamura Y, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi S, Tamitani M, Hamada Y, Fukui G, Xu X, Nishimura S, Kato T, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Okuda S, Yano M. Ryanodine receptor-bound calmodulin is essential to protect against catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126112. [PMID: 31167968 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is caused by a single point mutation in the cardiac type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2). Using a knockin (KI) mouse model (R2474S/+), we previously reported that a single point mutation within the RyR2 sensitizes the channel to agonists, primarily mediated by defective interdomain interaction within the RyR2 and subsequent dissociation of calmodulin (CaM) from the RyR2. Here, we examined whether CPVT can be genetically rescued by enhancing the binding affinity of CaM to the RyR2. We first determined whether there is a possible amino acid substitution within the CaM-binding domain in the RyR2 (3584-3603 residues) that can enhance its binding affinity to CaM and found that V3599K substitution showed the highest binding affinity of CaM to the CaM-binding domain. Hence, we generated a heterozygous KI mouse model (V3599K/+) with a single amino acid substitution in the CaM-binding domain of the RyR2 and crossbred it with the heterozygous CPVT-associated R2474S/+-KI mouse to obtain a double-heterozygous R2474S/V3599K-KI mouse model. The CPVT phenotypes - bidirectional or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, spontaneous Ca2+ transients, and Ca2+ sparks - were all inhibited in the R2474S/V3599K mice. Thus, enhancement of the CaM-binding affinity of the RyR2 is essential to prevent CPVT-associated arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Masaki Tamitani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Yoriomi Hamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Go Fukui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
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27
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Walweel K, Gomez-Hurtado N, Rebbeck RT, Oo YW, Beard NA, Molenaar P, Dos Remedios C, van Helden DF, Cornea RL, Knollmann BC, Laver DR. Calmodulin inhibition of human RyR2 channels requires phosphorylation of RyR2-S2808 or RyR2-S2814. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:96-106. [PMID: 30928430 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca-binding protein that binds to, and can directly inhibit cardiac ryanodine receptor calcium release channels (RyR2). Animal studies have shown that RyR2 hyperphosphorylation reduces CaM binding to RyR2 in failing hearts, but data are lacking on how CaM regulates human RyR2 and how this regulation is affected by RyR2 phosphorylation. Physiological concentrations of CaM (100 nM) inhibited the diastolic activity of RyR2 isolated from failing human hearts by ~50% but had no effect on RyR2 from healthy human hearts. Using FRET between donor-FKBP12.6 and acceptor-CaM bound to RyR2, we determined that CaM binds to RyR2 from healthy human heart with a Kd = 121 ± 14 nM. Ex-vivo phosphorylation/dephosphorylation experiments suggested that the divergent CaM regulation of healthy and failing human RyR2 was caused by differences in RyR2 phosphorylation by protein kinase A and Ca-CaM-dependent kinase II. Ca2+-spark measurements in murine cardiomyocytes harbouring RyR2 phosphomimetic or phosphoablated mutants at S2814 and S2808 suggest that phosphorylation of residues corresponding to either human RyR2-S2808 or S2814 is both necessary and sufficient for RyR2 regulation by CaM. Our results challenge the current concept that CaM universally functions as a canonical inhibitor of RyR2 across species. Rather, CaM's biological action on human RyR2 appears to be more nuanced, with inhibitory activity only on phosphorylated RyR2 channels, which occurs during exercise or in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafa Walweel
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Nieves Gomez-Hurtado
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Robyn T Rebbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Ye Wint Oo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nicole A Beard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Peter Molenaar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Northside Clinical School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Cardio-vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD 4032. Australia.
| | - Cris Dos Remedios
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Derek R Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Nikolaienko R, Bovo E, Zima AV. Redox Dependent Modifications of Ryanodine Receptor: Basic Mechanisms and Implications in Heart Diseases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1775. [PMID: 30574097 PMCID: PMC6291498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart contraction vitally depends on tightly controlled intracellular Ca regulation. Because contraction is mainly driven by Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), this organelle plays a particularly important role in Ca regulation. The type two ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is the major SR Ca release channel in ventricular myocytes. Several cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, are associated with increased RyR2 activity and diastolic SR Ca leak. It has been suggested that the increased RyR2 activity plays an important role in arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction. Several studies have linked increased SR Ca leak during myocardial infarction and heart failure to the activation of RyR2 in response to oxidative stress. This activation might include direct oxidation of RyR2 as well as indirect activation via phosphorylation or altered interactions with regulatory proteins. Out of ninety cysteine residues per RyR2 subunit, twenty one were reported to be in reduced state that could be potential targets for redox modifications that include S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and disulfide cross-linking. Despite its clinical significance, molecular mechanisms of RyR dysfunction during oxidative stress are not fully understood. Herein we review the most recent insights into redox-dependent modulation of RyR2 during oxidative stress and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elisa Bovo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Michalson KT, Groban L, Howard TD, Shively CA, Sophonsritsuk A, Appt SE, Cline JM, Clarkson TB, Carr JJ, Kitzman DW, Register TC. Estradiol Treatment Initiated Early After Ovariectomy Regulates Myocardial Gene Expression and Inhibits Diastolic Dysfunction in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys: Potential Roles for Calcium Homeostasis and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009769. [PMID: 30571375 PMCID: PMC6404177 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Left ventricular ( LV ) diastolic dysfunction often precedes heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the dominant form of heart failure in postmenopausal women. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oral estradiol treatment initiated early after ovariectomy on LV function and myocardial gene expression in female cynomolgus macaques. Methods and Results Monkeys were ovariectomized and randomized to receive placebo (control) or oral estradiol at a human-equivalent dose of 1 mg/day for 8 months. Monkeys then underwent conventional and tissue Doppler imaging to assess cardiac function, followed by transcriptomic and histomorphometric analyses of LV myocardium. Age, body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate were similar between groups. Echocardiographic mitral early and late inflow velocities, mitral annular velocities, and mitral E deceleration slope were higher in estradiol monkeys (all P<0.05), despite similar estimated LV filling pressure. MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and LV collagen staining were lower in estradiol animals ( P<0.05). Microarray analysis revealed differential myocardial expression of 40 genes (>1.2-fold change; false discovery rate, P<0.05) in estradiol animals relative to controls, which implicated pathways associated with better calcium ion homeostasis and muscle contraction and lower extracellular matrix deposition ( P<0.05). Conclusions Estradiol treatment initiated soon after ovariectomy resulted in enhanced LV diastolic function, and altered myocardial gene expression towards decreased extracellular matrix deposition, improved myocardial contraction, and calcium homeostasis, suggesting that estradiol directly or indirectly modulates the myocardial transcriptome to preserve cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer T. Michalson
- Section on Comparative MedicineDepartment of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of AnesthesiologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Timothy D. Howard
- Department of BiochemistryWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Section on Comparative MedicineDepartment of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Areepan Sophonsritsuk
- Section on Comparative MedicineDepartment of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Susan E. Appt
- Section on Comparative MedicineDepartment of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Section on Comparative MedicineDepartment of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Thomas B. Clarkson
- Section on Comparative MedicineDepartment of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Department of RadiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTN
| | - Dalane W. Kitzman
- Section on CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Section on Comparative MedicineDepartment of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNC
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Oda T, Yamamoto T, Kato T, Uchinoumi H, Fukui G, Hamada Y, Nanno T, Ishiguchi H, Nakamura Y, Okamoto Y, Kono M, Okuda S, Kobayashi S, Bers DM, Yano M. Nuclear translocation of calmodulin in pathological cardiac hypertrophy originates from ryanodine receptor bound calmodulin. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:87-97. [PMID: 30359562 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes Calmodulin (CaM) bound to the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) constitutes a large pool of total myocyte CaM, but the CaM-RyR2 affinity is reduced in pathological conditions. Knock-in mice expressing RyR2 unable to bind CaM also developed hypertrophy and early death. However, it is unknown whether CaM released from this RyR2-bound pool participates in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. We found that angiotensin II (AngII) or phenylephrine (PE) both cause CaM to dissociate from the RyR2 and translocate to the nucleus. To test whether this nuclear CaM accumulation depends on CaM released from RyR2, we enhanced CaM-RyR2 binding affinity (with dantrolene), or caused CaM dissociation from RyR2 (using suramin). Dantrolene dramatically reduced AngII- and PE-induced nuclear CaM accumulation. Conversely, suramin enhanced nuclear CaM accumulation. This is consistent with nuclear CaM accumulation coming largely from the CaM-RyR2 pool. CaM lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS), but G-protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) binds CaM, has a NLS and translocates like CaM in response to AngII or PE. Suramin also promoted GRK5 nuclear import, and caused nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). Dantrolene prevented these effects. After 2-8 weeks of pressure overload (TAC) CaM binding to RyR2 was reduced, nuclear CaM and GRK5 were both elevated and there was enhanced nuclear export of HDAC5. Stress (acute AngII or TAC) causes CaM dissociation from RyR2 and translocation to the nucleus with GRK5 with parallel HDAC5 nuclear export. Thus CaM dissociation from RyR2 may be an important step in driving pathological hypertrophic gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Go Fukui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoriomi Hamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuma Nanno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishiguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Valdivia HH, Valdivia CR. Tetracaine derivatives for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: New drugs for correction of diastolic Ca 2+ leak? Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:587-588. [PMID: 29410362 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor H Valdivia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Carmen R Valdivia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Nishimura S, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Kohno M, Hamada Y, Sufu Y, Fukui G, Nanno T, Ishiguchi H, Kato T, Xu X, Ono M, Oda T, Okuda S, Kobayashi S, Yano M. Mutation-linked, excessively tight interaction between the calmodulin binding domain and the C-terminal domain of the cardiac ryanodine receptor as a novel cause of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:905-914. [PMID: 29427818 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is known to be a causal gene of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an important inherited disease. Some of the human CPVT-associated mutations have been found in a domain (4026-4172) that has EF hand motifs, the so-called calmodulin (CaM)-like domain (CaMLD). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism by which CPVT is induced by a mutation at CaMLD. METHODS A new N4103K/+ knock-in (KI) mice model was generated. RESULTS Sustained ventricular tachycardia was frequently observed after infusion of caffeine plus epinephrine in KI mice. Endogenous CaM bound to RyR2 decreased even at baseline in isolated KI cardiomyocytes. Ca2+ spark frequency (CaSpF) was much higher in KI cells than in wild-type cells. Addition of GSH-CaM (higher affinity CaM to RyR2) significantly decreased CaSpF. In response to isoproterenol, spontaneous Ca2+ transient (SCaT) was frequently observed in intact KI cells. Incorporation of GSH-CaM into intact KI cells using a protein delivery kit decreased SCaT significantly. An assay using a quartz crystal microbalance technique revealed that mutated CaMLD peptide showed higher binding affinity to CaM binding domain (CaMBD) peptide. CONCLUSION In the N4103K mutant, CaM binding affinity to RyR2 was significantly reduced regardless of beta-adrenergic stimulation. We found that this was caused by an abnormally tight interaction between CaMBD and mutated CaM-like domain (N4103K-CaMBD). Thus, CaMBD-CaMLD interaction may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of lethal arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Nishimura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kohno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoriomi Hamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoko Sufu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Go Fukui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takuma Nanno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishiguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Okuda S, Sufu-Shimizu Y, Kato T, Fukuda M, Nishimura S, Oda T, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto T, Morimoto S, Yano M. CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of RyR2 plays a crucial role in aberrant Ca 2+ release as an arrhythmogenic substrate in cardiac troponin T-related familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1250-1256. [PMID: 29402414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac Troponin T (TnT) mutation-linked familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is known to cause sudden cardiac death at a young age. Here, we investigated the role of the Ca2+ release channel of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), ryanodine receptor (RyR2), in the pathogenic mechanism of lethal arrhythmia in FHC-related TnT-mutated transgenic mice (TG; TnT-delta160E). METHODS AND RESULTS In TG cardiomyocytes, the Ca2+ spark frequency (SpF) was much higher than that in non-TG cardiomyocytes. These differences were more pronounced in the presence of isoproterenol (ISO; 10 nM). This increase in SpF was largely reversed by a CaMKII inhibitor (KN-93), but not by a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89). CaMKII phosphorylation at Ser2814 in RyR2 was increased significantly in TG. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients (sCaTs) after cessation of a 1-5 Hz pacing, frequently observed in ISO-treated TG cardiomyocytes, were also attenuated by KN-93, but not by H89. The RyR2 stabilizer dantrolene attenuated Ca2+ sparks and sCaTs in ISO-treated TG cardiomyocytes, indicating that the mutation-linked aberrant Ca2+ release is mediated by destabilized RyR2. CONCLUSIONS In FHC-linked TnT-mutated hearts, RyR2 is susceptible to CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation, presumably because of a mutation-linked increase in diastolic [Ca2+]i, causing aberrant Ca2+ release leading to lethal arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoko Sufu-Shimizu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Nishimura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Health Sciences Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 131-7 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Klipp RC, Li N, Wang Q, Word TA, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Strongin RM, Wehrens XHT, Abramson JJ. EL20, a potent antiarrhythmic compound, selectively inhibits calmodulin-deficient ryanodine receptor type 2. Heart Rhythm 2017; 15:578-586. [PMID: 29248564 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an arrhythmogenic disorder caused by mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor RyR2 that increase diastolic calcium cation (Ca2+) leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Calmodulin (CaM) dissociation from RyR2 has been associated with diastolic Ca2+ leak in heart failure. OBJECTIVE Determine whether the tetracaine-derivative compound EL20 inhibits abnormal Ca2+ release from RyR2 in a CPVT model and investigate the underlying mechanism of inhibition. METHODS Spontaneous Ca2+ sparks in cardiomyocytes and inducible ventricular tachycardia were assessed in a CPVT mouse model, which is heterozygous for the R176Q mutation in RyR2 (R176Q/+ mice) in the presence of EL20 or vehicle. Single-channel studies using sheep cardiac SR or purified RyR2 reconstituted into proteoliposomes with and without exogenous CaM were used to assess mechanisms of inhibition. RESULTS EL20 potently inhibits abnormal Ca2+ release in R176Q/+ myocytes (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 35.4 nM) and diminishes arrhythmia in R176Q/+ mice. EL20 inhibition of single-channel activity of purified RyR2 occurs in a similar range as seen in R176Q/+ myocytes (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 8.2 nM). Inhibition of single-channel activity for cardiac SR or purified RyR2 supplemented with 100-nM or 1-μM CaM shows a 200- to 1000-fold reduction in potency. CONCLUSION This work provides a potential therapeutic mechanism for the development of antiarrhythmic compounds that inhibit leaky RyR2 resulting from CaM dissociation, which is often associated with failing hearts. Our data also suggest that CaM dissociation may contribute to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias with the CPVT-linked R176Q mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Klipp
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Na Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tarah A Word
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Derbala MH, Guo AS, Mohler PJ, Smith SA. The role of βII spectrin in cardiac health and disease. Life Sci 2017; 192:278-285. [PMID: 29128512 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spectrins are large, flexible proteins comprised of α-β dimers that are connected head-to-head to form the canonical heterotetrameric spectrin structure. Spectrins were initially believed to be exclusively found in human erythrocytic membrane and are highly conserved among different species. βII spectrin, the most common isoform of non-erythrocytic spectrin, is found in all nucleated cells and forms larger macromolecular complexes with ankyrins and actins. Not only is βII spectrin a central cytoskeletal scaffolding protein involved in preserving cell structure but it has also emerged as a critical protein required for distinct physiologic functions such as posttranslational localization of crucial membrane proteins and signal transduction. In the heart, βII spectrin plays a vital role in maintaining normal cardiac membrane excitability and proper cardiac development during embryogenesis. Mutations in βII spectrin genes have been strongly linked with the development of serious cardiac disorders such as congenital arrhythmias, heart failure, and possibly sudden cardiac death. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the role βII spectrin plays in the cardiovascular system in health and disease and the potential future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Derbala
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Aaron S Guo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sakima A Smith
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Walweel K, Oo YW, Laver DR. The emerging role of calmodulin regulation of RyR2 in controlling heart rhythm, the progression of heart failure and the antiarrhythmic action of dantrolene. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:135-142. [PMID: 27626620 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac output and rhythm depend on the release and the take-up of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Excessive diastolic calcium leak from the SR due to dysfunctional calcium release channels (RyR2) contributes to the formation of delayed after-depolarizations, which underlie the fatal arrhythmias that occur in heart failure and inherited syndromes. Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein that regulates target proteins and acts as a calcium sensor. CaM is comprised of two calcium-binding EF-hand domains and a flexible linker. CaM is an accessory protein that partially inhibits RyR2 channel activity. CaM is critical for normal cardiac function, and altered CaM binding and efficacy may contribute to defects in SR calcium release. The present paper reviews CaM binding to RyR2 and how it regulates RyR2 channel activity. It then goes on to review how mutations in the CaM amino acid sequence give rise to inherited syndromes such as Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachychardia (CPVT) and long QT syndrome (LQTS). In addition, the role of reduced CaM binding to RyR2 that results from RyR2 phosphorylation or from oxidation of either RyR2 or CaM contributes to the progression of heart failure is reviewed. Finally, this manuscript reviews recent evidence that CaM binding to RyR2 is required for the inhibitory action of a pharmaceutical agent (dantrolene) on RyR2. Dantrolene is a clinically used muscle relaxant that has recently been found to exert antiarrhythmic effects against SR Ca2+ overload arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafa Walweel
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ye Win Oo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Derek R Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Søndergaard MT, Liu Y, Larsen KT, Nani A, Tian X, Holt C, Wang R, Wimmer R, Van Petegem F, Fill M, Chen SRW, Overgaard MT. The Arrhythmogenic Calmodulin p.Phe142Leu Mutation Impairs C-domain Ca2+ Binding but Not Calmodulin-dependent Inhibition of the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1385-1395. [PMID: 27927985 PMCID: PMC5270481 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.766253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of point mutations in the intracellular Ca2+-sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) are arrhythmogenic, yet their underlying mechanisms are not clear. These mutations generally decrease Ca2+ binding to CaM and impair inhibition of CaM-regulated Ca2+ channels like the cardiac Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR2), and it appears that attenuated CaM Ca2+ binding correlates with impaired CaM-dependent RyR2 inhibition. Here, we investigated the RyR2 inhibitory action of the CaM p.Phe142Leu mutation (F142L; numbered including the start-Met), which markedly reduces CaM Ca2+ binding. Surprisingly, CaM-F142L had little to no aberrant effect on RyR2-mediated store overload-induced Ca2+ release in HEK293 cells compared with CaM-WT. Furthermore, CaM-F142L enhanced CaM-dependent RyR2 inhibition at the single channel level compared with CaM-WT. This is in stark contrast to the actions of arrhythmogenic CaM mutations N54I, D96V, N98S, and D130G, which all diminish CaM-dependent RyR2 inhibition. Thermodynamic analysis showed that apoCaM-F142L converts an endothermal interaction between CaM and the CaM-binding domain (CaMBD) of RyR2 into an exothermal one. Moreover, NMR spectra revealed that the CaM-F142L-CaMBD interaction is structurally different from that of CaM-WT at low Ca2+ These data indicate a distinct interaction between CaM-F142L and the RyR2 CaMBD, which may explain the stronger CaM-dependent RyR2 inhibition by CaM-F142L, despite its reduced Ca2+ binding. Collectively, these results add to our understanding of CaM-dependent regulation of RyR2 as well as the mechanistic effects of arrhythmogenic CaM mutations. The unique properties of the CaM-F142L mutation may provide novel clues on how to suppress excessive RyR2 Ca2+ release by manipulating the CaM-RyR2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Toft Søndergaard
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yingjie Liu
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kamilla Taunsig Larsen
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alma Nani
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Xixi Tian
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Christian Holt
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada, and
| | - Michael Fill
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Michael Toft Overgaard
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark,
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Kato T, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Nanno T, Fukui G, Sufu Y, Hamada Y, Maeda T, Nishimura S, Ishiguchi H, Murakami W, Fukuda M, Xu X, Hino A, Ono M, Oda T, Okuda S, Kobayashi S, Koseki N, Kyushiki H, Yano M. Correction of impaired calmodulin binding to RyR2 as a novel therapy for lethal arrhythmia in the pressure-overloaded heart failure. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bai T, Hu X, Zheng Y, Wang S, Kong J, Cai L. Resveratrol protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction by enhancing SERCA2a activity through promoting the phospholamban oligomerization. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1051-H1062. [PMID: 27591219 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00296.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a main culprit responsible for cardiac dysfunction in sepsis. This study examined whether resveratrol could protect against LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) activity. Echocardiographic parameters, cardiomyocyte contractile and Ca2+ transient properties, markers for cardiac inflammation, cell death, and oxidative stress, SERCA2a activity, and the ratios of phospholamban (PLB) monomer to oligomer were measured. Cardiac function was decreased >50% after LPS challenge (6 mg/kg for 6 h), which was improved by resveratrol. There was neither difference in plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and troponin I levels nor in infiltration of CD45+ cells in cardiac tissue between resveratrol-treated and untreated groups. In cardiomyocytes, LPS significantly decreased contractile amplitude, elongated relengthening time, diminished Ca2+ transient, reduced SERCA2a activity, and increased superoxide generation. These pathological alterations were attenuated by resveratrol treatment. Immunoblot analysis showed that LPS-treated mice had increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and the monomer form of PLB, along with decreases in the levels of SERCA2a, the oligomer form of PLB and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2). Resveratrol treatment upregulated SERCA2a, the oligomer form of PLB, and Nrf-2 expression and function, and downregulated MDA, 4-HNE, and the monomer form of PLB. Our data suggest that the activity of SERCA2a in endotoxemia is inhibited, possibly due to increases in the monomer form of PLB. Resveratrol protects the heart from LPS-induced injuries at least in part through promoting the oligomerization of PLB that leads to enhanced SERCA2a activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bai
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Lu Cai
- Departments of Pediatrics and Radiation Oncology, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2 promotes targetable pathological RyR2 conformational shift. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:62-72. [PMID: 27318036 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic calcium (Ca) leak via cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) can cause arrhythmias and heart failure (HF). Ca/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated and more active in HF, promoting RyR2-mediated Ca leak by RyR2-Ser2814 phosphorylation. Here, we tested a mechanistic hypothesis that RyR2 phosphorylation by CaMKII increases Ca leak by promoting a pathological RyR2 conformation with reduced CaM affinity. Acute CaMKII activation in wild-type RyR2, and phosphomimetic RyR2-S2814D (vs. non-phosphorylatable RyR2-S2814A) knock-in mouse myocytes increased SR Ca leak, reduced CaM-RyR2 affinity, and caused a pathological shift in RyR2 conformation (detected via increased access of the RyR2 structural peptide DPc10). This same trio of effects was seen in myocytes from rabbits with pressure/volume-overload induced HF. Excess CaM quieted leak and restored control conformation, consistent with negative allosteric coupling between CaM affinity and DPc10 accessible conformation. Dantrolene (DAN) also restored CaM affinity, reduced DPc10 access, and suppressed RyR2-mediated Ca leak and ventricular tachycardia in RyR2-S2814D mice. We propose that a common pathological RyR2 conformational state (low CaM affinity, high DPc10 access, and elevated leak) may be caused by CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation, oxidation, and HF. Moreover, DAN (or excess CaM) can shift this pathological gating state back to the normal physiological conformation, a potentially important therapeutic approach.
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Abstract
The ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel plays a pivotal role in skeletal and cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Defective regulation leads to neuromuscular disorders and arrhythmogenic cardiac disease. This mini-review focuses on channel regulation through structural intra- and inter-subunit interactions and their implications in ryanodine receptor pathophysiology.
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Søndergaard MT, Tian X, Liu Y, Wang R, Chazin WJ, Chen SRW, Overgaard MT. Arrhythmogenic Calmodulin Mutations Affect the Activation and Termination of Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor-mediated Ca2+ Release. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26151-62. [PMID: 26309258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular Ca(2+) sensor calmodulin (CaM) regulates the cardiac Ca(2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and mutations in CaM cause arrhythmias such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and long QT syndrome. Here, we investigated the effect of CaM mutations causing CPVT (N53I), long QT syndrome (D95V and D129G), or both (CaM N97S) on RyR2-mediated Ca(2+) release. All mutations increased Ca(2+) release and rendered RyR2 more susceptible to store overload-induced Ca(2+) release (SOICR) by lowering the threshold of store Ca(2+) content at which SOICR occurred and the threshold at which SOICR terminated. To obtain mechanistic insights, we investigated the Ca(2+) binding of the N- and C-terminal domains (N- and C-domain) of CaM in the presence of a peptide corresponding to the CaM-binding domain of RyR2. The N53I mutation decreased the affinity of Ca(2+) binding to the N-domain of CaM, relative to CaM WT, but did not affect the C-domain. Conversely, mutations N97S, D95V, and D129G had little or no effect on Ca(2+) binding to the N-domain but markedly decreased the affinity of the C-domain for Ca(2+). These results suggest that mutations D95V, N97S, and D129G alter the interaction between CaM and the CaMBD and thus RyR2 regulation. Because the N53I mutation minimally affected Ca(2+) binding to the C-domain, it must cause aberrant regulation via a different mechanism. These results support aberrant RyR2 regulation as the disease mechanism for CPVT associated with CaM mutations and shows that CaM mutations not associated with CPVT can also affect RyR2. A model for the CaM-RyR2 interaction, where the Ca(2+)-saturated C-domain is constitutively bound to RyR2 and the N-domain senses increases in Ca(2+) concentration, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads T Søndergaard
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark, the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, and
| | - Xixi Tian
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, and
| | - Yingjie Liu
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, and
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, and
| | - Walter J Chazin
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, and
| | - Michael T Overgaard
- From the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark,
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FRET-based trilateration of probes bound within functional ryanodine receptors. Biophys J 2015; 107:2037-48. [PMID: 25418089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To locate the biosensor peptide DPc10 bound to ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca(2+) channels, we developed an approach that combines fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), simulated-annealing, cryo-electron microscopy, and crystallographic data. DPc10 is identical to the 2460-2495 segment within the cardiac muscle RyR isoform (RyR2) central domain. DPc10 binding to RyR2 results in a pathologically elevated Ca(2+) leak by destabilizing key interactions between the RyR2 N-terminal and central domains (unzipping). To localize the DPc10 binding site within RyR2, we measured FRET between five single-cysteine variants of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) labeled with a donor probe, and DPc10 labeled with an acceptor probe (A-DPc10). Effective donor positions were calculated from simulated-annealing constrained by both the RyR cryo-EM map and the FKBP atomic structure docked to the RyR. FRET to A-DPc10 was measured in permeabilized cardiomyocytes via confocal microscopy, converted to distances, and used to trilaterate the acceptor locus within RyR. Additional FRET measurements between donor-labeled calmodulin and A-DPc10 were used to constrain the trilaterations. Results locate the DPc10 probe within RyR domain 3, ?35 Å from the previously docked N-terminal domain crystal structure. This multiscale approach may be useful in mapping other RyR sites of mechanistic interest within FRET range of FKBP.
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Murfitt L, Whiteley G, Iqbal MM, Kitmitto A. Targeting caveolin-3 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:50-71. [PMID: 25779609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem with more than 550 million people predicted to be diabetic by 2030. A major complication of diabetes is cardiovascular disease, which accounts for over two-thirds of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. This increased risk has led to the definition of a diabetic cardiomyopathy phenotype characterised by early left ventricular dysfunction with normal ejection fraction. Here we review the aetiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore the involvement of the protein caveolin-3 (Cav3). Cav3 forms part of a complex mechanism regulating insulin signalling and glucose uptake, processes that are impaired in diabetes. Further, Cav3 is key for stabilisation and trafficking of cardiac ion channels to the plasma membrane and so contributes to the cardiac action potential shape and duration. In addition, Cav3 has direct and indirect interactions with proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling and so has the potential to influence cardiac contractility. Significantly, both impaired contractility and rhythm disturbances are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We review here how changes to Cav3 expression levels and altered relationships with interacting partners may be contributory factors to several of the pathological features identified in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Finally, the review concludes by considering ways in which levels of Cav3 may be manipulated in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Murfitt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Gareth Whiteley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Mohammad M Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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Oxidation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) and calmodulin enhance Ca release and pathologically alter, RyR structure and calmodulin affinity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:240-8. [PMID: 26092277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may contribute to cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and arrhythmias. Altered RyR2 domain-domain interaction (domain unzipping) and calmodulin (CaM) binding affinity are allosterically coupled indices of RyR2 conformation. In HF RyR2 exhibits reduced CaM binding, increased domain unzipping and greater SR Ca leak, and dantrolene can reverse these changes. However, effects of oxidative stress on RyR2 conformation and leak in myocytes are poorly understood. We used fluorescent CaM, FKBP12.6, and domain-peptide biosensor (F-DPc10) to measure, directly in cardiac myocytes, (1) RyR2 activation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidation, (2) RyR2 conformation change caused by oxidation, (3) CaM-RyR2 and FK506-binding protein (FKBP12.6)-RyR2 interaction upon oxidation, and (4) whether dantrolene affects 1-3. H2O2 was used to mimic oxidative stress. H2O2 significantly increased the frequency of Ca(2+) sparks and spontaneous Ca(2+) waves, and dantrolene almost completely blocked these effects. H2O2 pretreatment significantly reduced CaM-RyR2 binding, but had no effect on FKBP12.6-RyR2 binding. Dantrolene restored CaM-RyR2 binding but had no effect on intracellular and RyR2 oxidation levels. H2O2 also accelerated F-DPc10-RyR2 association while dantrolene slowed it. Thus, H2O2 causes conformational changes (sensed by CaM and DPc10 binding) associated with Ca leak, and dantrolene reverses these RyR2 effects. In conclusion, in cardiomyocytes, H2O2 treatment markedly reduces the CaM-RyR2 affinity, has no effect on FKBP12.6-RyR2 affinity, and causes domain unzipping. Dantrolene can correct domain unzipping, restore CaM-RyR2 affinity, and quiet pathological RyR2 channel gating. F-DPc10 and CaM are useful biosensors of a pathophysiological RyR2 state.
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46
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Penttinen K, Swan H, Vanninen S, Paavola J, Lahtinen AM, Kontula K, Aalto-Setälä K. Antiarrhythmic Effects of Dantrolene in Patients with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Replication of the Responses Using iPSC Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125366. [PMID: 25955245 PMCID: PMC4425399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a highly malignant inherited arrhythmogenic disorder. Type 1 CPVT (CPVT1) is caused by cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) gene mutations resulting in abnormal calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dantrolene, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release, has been shown to rescue this abnormal Ca2+ release in vitro. We assessed the antiarrhythmic efficacy of dantrolene in six patients carrying various RyR2 mutations causing CPVT. The patients underwent exercise stress test before and after dantrolene infusion. Dantrolene reduced the number of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) on average by 74% (range 33-97) in four patients with N-terminal or central mutations in the cytosolic region of the RyR2 protein, while dantrolene had no effect in two patients with mutations in or near the transmembrane domain. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from all the patients and differentiated into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes (CMs). The antiarrhythmic effect of dantrolene was studied in CMs after adrenaline stimulation by Ca2+ imaging. In iPSC derived CMs with RyR2 mutations in the N-terminal or central region, dantrolene suppressed the Ca2+ cycling abnormalities in 80% (range 65-97) of cells while with mutations in or near the transmembrane domain only in 23 or 32% of cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that dantrolene given intravenously shows antiarrhythmic effects in a portion of CPVT1 patients and that iPSC derived CM models replicate these individual drug responses. These findings illustrate the potential of iPSC models to individualize drug therapy of inherited diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Penttinen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Swan
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Vanninen
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jere Paavola
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka M Lahtinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Effects of dantrolene on arrhythmogenicity in isolated regional ischemia-reperfusion rabbit hearts with or without pacing-induced heart failure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:532820. [PMID: 25789321 PMCID: PMC4350948 DOI: 10.1155/2015/532820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dantrolene was reported to suppress ventricular fibrillation (VF) in failing hearts with acute myocardial infarction, but its antiarrhythmic efficacy in regional ischemia-reperfusion (IR) hearts remains debatable. Heart failure (HF) was induced by right ventricular pacing. The IR rabbit model was created by coronary artery ligation for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 15 min in vivo in both HF and non-HF groups (n = 9 in each group). Simultaneous voltage and intracellular Ca2+ (Cai) optical mapping was then performed in isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts. Electrophysiological studies were conducted and VF inducibility was evaluated by dynamic pacing. Dantrolene (10 μM) was administered after baseline studies. The HF group had a higher VF inducibility than the control group. Dantrolene had both antiarrhythmic (prolonged action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period) and proarrhythmic effects (slowed conduction velocity, steepened APD restitution slope, and enhanced arrhythmogenic alternans induction) but had no significant effects on ventricular premature beat (VPB) suppression and VF inducibility in both groups. A higher VF conversion rate in the non-HF group was likely due to greater APD prolonging effects in smaller hearts compared to the HF group. The lack of significant effects on VPB suppression by dantrolene suggests that triggered activity might not be the dominant mechanism responsible for VPB induction in the IR model.
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Domeier TL, Roberts CJ, Gibson AK, Hanft LM, McDonald KS, Segal SS. Dantrolene suppresses spontaneous Ca2+ release without altering excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes of aged mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H818-29. [PMID: 25038147 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00287.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction in the aged heart reflects abnormalities in cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) homeostasis including altered Ca(2+) cycling through the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The ryanodine receptor antagonist dantrolene exerts antiarrhythmic effects by preventing spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) release from the SR. We tested the hypothesis that dantrolene prevents spontaneous Ca(2+) release without altering excitation-contraction coupling in aged myocardium. Left ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from young (3 to 4 mo) and aged (24-26 mo) C57BL/6 mice were loaded with the Ca(2+) indicator fluo-4. Amplitudes of action potential-induced Ca(2+) transients at 1-Hz pacing were similar between young and aged mice, yet cell shortening was impaired in aged mice. Isoproterenol (1 μM) increased Ca(2+) transient amplitude and cell shortening to identical levels in young and aged; dantrolene (1 μM) had no effect on Ca(2+) transients or cell shortening during pacing. Under Ca(2+) overload conditions induced with 10 mM extracellular Ca(2+) concentration, spontaneous Ca(2+) waves were of diminished amplitude and associated with lower SR Ca(2+) content in aged versus young mice. Despite no effect in young mice, dantrolene increased SR Ca(2+) content and Ca(2+) wave amplitude in aged mice. In the presence of isoproterenol following rest from 1-Hz pacing, Ca(2+) spark frequency was elevated in aged mice, yet the time to spontaneous Ca(2+) wave was similar between young and aged mice; dantrolene decreased Ca(2+) spark frequency and prolonged the time to Ca(2+) wave onset in aged mice with no effect in young mice. Thus dantrolene attenuates diastolic Ca(2+) release in the aged murine heart that may prove useful in preventing cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Cale J Roberts
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Anne K Gibson
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Laurin M Hanft
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Kerry S McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Fukuda M, Yamamoto T, Nishimura S, Kato T, Murakami W, Hino A, Ono M, Tateishi H, Oda T, Okuda S, Kobayashi S, Koseki N, Kyushiki H, Yano M. Enhanced binding of calmodulin to RyR2 corrects arrhythmogenic channel disorder in CPVT-associated myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zima AV, Bovo E, Mazurek SR, Rochira JA, Li W, Terentyev D. Ca handling during excitation-contraction coupling in heart failure. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1129-37. [PMID: 24515294 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the heart, coupling between excitation of the surface membrane and activation of contractile apparatus is mediated by Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Several components of Ca machinery are perfectly arranged within the SR network and the T-tubular system to generate a regular Ca cycling and thereby rhythmic beating activity of the heart. Among these components, ryanodine receptor (RyR) and SR Ca ATPase (SERCA) complexes play a particularly important role and their dysfunction largely underlies abnormal Ca homeostasis in diseased hearts such as in heart failure. The abnormalities in Ca regulation occur at practically all main steps of Ca cycling in the failing heart, including activation and termination of SR Ca release, diastolic SR Ca leak, and SR Ca uptake. The contributions of these different mechanisms to depressed contractile function and enhanced arrhythmogenesis may vary in different HF models. This brief review will therefore focus on modifications in RyR and SERCA structure that occur in the failing heart and how these molecular modifications affect SR Ca regulation and excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA,
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