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Bovine Mastitis: Causes and Phytoremedies. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.4.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a highly frequent chronic ailment with inflammation in the udder of the milking cows. The causative agents are mostly microbes. It is economically prominent contamination of lactating cows resulting in reduced milk production. The disease is diagnosed by chemical, physical and nutritional changes in the milk and pathological changes in the milk glands. Prevention measures for the disease can be taken by proper and timely sanitation of the cowshed through and time again disinfection of the teat, mechanized milking process, etc. The application of bactericidal drugs generates resistant varieties of microbes that cross the allopathic boundary. In this regard, an attempt is taken to focus the plant-based pharmacopoeia. Medicinal plants are traditionally used to cure various diseases as they are comparatively accessible to administer orally in different forms and can be along with fodder. Keeping the above facts in view, the present review deals with different types of mastitis, causative pathogens, detection and diagnosis, and effective plant-based treatment process available to date.
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Zhang H, Du X, Yu J, Jin H, Liu N. Comparative Metabolomics study of flavonoids in the pericarp of different coloured bitter gourds ( Momordica charantia L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1347-1357. [PMID: 36051232 PMCID: PMC9424440 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a member of Cucurbitaceae family and has long been used as a source of food and medicine for its rich bioactive components or secondary metabolites. However, there are relatively few large-scale detection, identification, and quantitative studies on flavonoids in the pericarp of bitter gourds of different colours. To determine the differences in the diversity and specificity of flavonoids in the pericarp of bitter gourd of different colours, the metabolic profiles in the pericarp of three coloured bitter gourd accessions, dark green (mo), pale green (lv), and white (bai), were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Priorly, it was confirmed that the different shades of green were caused by the content of chlorophyll. A total of 93 metabolites, including 90 flavonoids and three tannins, were detected in the current study. These 90 flavonoids included three isoflavones, nine dihydroflavones, seven flavanols, 34 flavonols, 26 flavonoids, four chalcones, five flavonoid carbonosides, and two dihydroflavonols. Compared to mo, both lv and bai had 21 and 25 different metabolites, respectively, while there were only nine different metabolites between lv and bai. The relative contents of vitexin and isovitexin increased with the deeper colour of the bitter gourd. Thus, the different metabolites in coloured bitter gourds are mainly involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols, flavonoid carbonosides, and flavonoids. This study enables identification of metabolic differences in the pericarp of bitter gourds of different colours. The results will be helpful for quality breeding of new bitter gourd varieties and shall provide a reference for their medical application. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01210-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Xuan Du
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Jizhu Yu
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Haijun Jin
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Na Liu
- The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
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Vicentini VM, Nascimento WDSPD, Almeida ML, Medeiros DSSD, Santos APDAD, Costa JD‘AN, Pereira DB, Tada MS, Calderon LDA, Teles CBG. In vitro and ex vivo antiplasmodial activity of 1-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one) against circulating strains of Plasmodium spp. in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Rondônia, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil; Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Rondônia, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, Brazil; Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Brazil
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Kulkarni M, Hastak V, Jadhav V, Date AA. Fenugreek Leaf Extract and Its Gel Formulation Show Activity Against Malassezia furfur. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2019; 18:45-55. [PMID: 31524496 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia spp. are commensal yeasts that can cause cutaneous ailments such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. We sought to develop a cost-effective, herbal formulation for the treatment of cutaneous ailments related to Malassezia spp. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) leaves exhibited activity against a clinical isolate and commercial strain of Malassezia furfur. The extracts were also found to be active against other pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of aqueous extract showed a predominant presence of flavonoids apart from alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, and proteins. Gel formulation of 30% aqueous fenugreek leaf extract was developed and optimized using sodium alginate as a gelling agent. The formulation showed good physicochemical characteristics and retained activity against M. furfur during 3-month accelerated stability studies. Furthermore, the developed herbal gel formulation did not show any irritation or sensitization in New Zealand rabbits after topical application, proving its cutaneous safety. Thus, topical gel formulation containing fenugreek leaf aqueous extract could be a safe and effective herbal treatment for various cutaneous fungal infections, including dandruff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathawade, Pune, India
| | - Vishakha Hastak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathawade, Pune, India
| | - Vitthal Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathawade, Pune, India
| | - Abhijit A Date
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii
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Prommaban A, Utama‐ang N, Chaikitwattana A, Uthaipibull C, Srichairatanakool S. Linoleic acid‐rich guava seed oil: Safety and bioactivity. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2749-2764. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adchara Prommaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Niramon Utama‐ang
- Department of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro‐ScienceUniversity Chiang Mai Thailand
| | | | - Chairat Uthaipibull
- National Science and Technology Development AgencyProtein‐Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Thailand Science Park Pathum Thani Thailand
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Dodangeh S, Niyyati M, Kamalinejad M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Moshfe A, Haghighi A, Azargashb E. In-vitro Activity of Trigonella foenum graecum Seeds Against a Clinical Strain of Acanthamoeba Genotype T4. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:661-667. [PMID: 29881423 PMCID: PMC5985183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening infection of the cornea disease that often presents with a lengthy and not fully effective treatment. Current therapeutic options against Acanthamoeba are not very effective against the cyst. Calibrated trophozoite/cyst suspension was incubated with the same volume of serial dilutions of the Trigonella foenum graecum aqueous extract (200, 250, 350, 450, 600, and 750 mg/mL) in microcentrifuge tubes and mixed by pipetting up and down. After that, the tubes were incubated at 26 ºC for 24, 48, and 72 h. The obtained result revealed that incubation of the extract (at concentrations ranging from 200 to 750 mg/mL) with Acanthamoeba was able to decrease the number of viable trophozoites and cysts. In the presence of up to 450 mg/mL non-viable trophozoites were observed whereas cysts were only eliminated when incubated with 750 mg/mL of the extract after 24 h. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity of the extract even at the highest concentration tested in the study showed to be toxic for corneal cells. Further studies should be carried out in order to elucidate the active compounds involved in the observed anti-Acanthamoeba activities which could be used for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against Acanthamoeba infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dodangeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Traditional Medicine and materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Niyyati
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Traditional Medicine and materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Abdolali Moshfe
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Eznolah Azargashb
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dalai SK, Yadav N, Patidar M, Patel H, Singh AP. Liver-Stage Specific Response among Endemic Populations: Diet and Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:125. [PMID: 25852693 PMCID: PMC4367437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective anti-malarial vaccine has been a challenge for long. Various factors including complex life cycle of parasite and lack of knowledge of stage specific critical antigens are some of the reasons. Moreover, inadequate understanding of the immune responses vis-à-vis sterile protection induced naturally by Plasmodia infection has further compounded the problem. It has been shown that people living in endemic areas take years to develop protective immunity to blood stage infection. But hardly anyone believes that immunity to liver-stage infection could be developed. Various experimental model studies using attenuated parasite suggest that liver-stage immunity might exist among endemic populations. This could be induced because of the attenuation of parasite in liver by various compounds present in the diet of endemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Institute of Science, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Manoj Patidar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Hardik Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , India
| | - Agam Prasad Singh
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi , India
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Kumar RS, Moorthy K, Vinodhini R, Punitha T. Antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical analysis of Indigofera trita Linn. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2013; 10:518-525. [PMID: 24146483 PMCID: PMC3777595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of various extracts of Indigofera trita L. viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts were carried out. A total of 21 microorganisms (19 bacteria and 2 fungal strains) were used for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method and a standard procedure was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. Petroleum ether extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (14.40 mm), S. epidermidis (14.20 mm), Salmonella paratyphi A (12.80 mm), Streptococcus mutans (12.20 mm), Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, S. typhi and Burkholderia cepacia (12.00 mm). The chloroform extract also showed antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (14.20 mm), S. typhimurium (12.60 mm), S. paratyphi A, S. brunei and Yersinia enterocolitica (12.00 mm). The acetone extract of I. trita showed considerable inhibitory activity against S. epidermidis (18.20 mm), S. typhimurium (14.60 mm), S. infantis (13.80 mm), S. aureus (13.40 mm), Y. enterocolitica (13.00 mm) and Enterobacter aerogenes (12.00 mm) were documented. Ethanol extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (18.60 mm), S. paratyphi A (14.60 mm), Y. enterocolitica (13.40 mm), S. typhi (12.40 mm), S. aureus, E. aerogenes, S. typhimurium and S. infantis (12.00 mm). Aqueous extract of I. trita considerably inhibited S. epidermidis (13.80 mm), S. paratyphi A and Y. enterocolitica (12.20 mm), E. aerogenes and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus (12.00 mm). All the five extracts showed a minimal antifungal activity when compared to antibacterial activity. The result revealed that the antimicrobial properties of I. trita might be associated with the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal - 637 205, Tamil Nadu, India
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Builders MI, Uguru MO, Aguiyi C. Antiplasmodial Potential of the African Mistletoe: Agelanthus dodoneifolius Polh and Wiens. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:223-9. [PMID: 23441021 PMCID: PMC3574532 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations of Agelanthus dodoneifolius have been used in the traditional Nigerian medicine to treat malaria and this practice has remained till date without scientific validation. The antiplasmodial property of the water extract of Agelanthus dodoneifolius was evaluated in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium berghei and clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. There was a dose-dependent inhibition of parasitaemia in the in vivo antiplasmodial tests likewise, the in vitro screening demonstrated a strong and concentration-dependent activity (21.54 μg/ml < IC50 < 50 μg/ml) of the extract against the clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, sterols, glycosides, phenols, anthraquinones, terpenes, reducing sugars and resins. It also showed a strong free-radical scavenging activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) in mice was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Our results evidence that Agelanthus dodoneifolius may contain biologically active principles those are relevant in the treatment of malaria, thus supporting further studies of its active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Builders
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, PMB 005, Karu, Nigeria
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Builders M, Wannang N, Ajoku G, Builders P, Orisadipe A, Aguiyi J. Evaluation of the Antimalarial Potential of Vernonia ambigua Kotschy and Peyr (Asteraceae). INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.238.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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