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Wang P, Liu Y, Kang SY, Lyu C, Han X, Ho T, Lee KJ, Meng X, Park YK, Jung HW. Clean-DM1, a Korean Polyherbal Formula, Improves High Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Symptoms in Mice by Regulating IRS/PI3K/AKT and AMPK Expressions in Pancreas and Liver Tissues. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:125-134. [PMID: 37118530 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Clean-DM1 (C-DM1), a polyherbal formulation of Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Atractylodis, and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mice. METHODS The information about active components of C-DM1 extract and molecular mechanism was obtained from network pharmacology analysis. Main compounds of C-DM1 extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis were conducted for quality control. For in vivo study, mice were induced diabetes by HFD for 12 weeks. The mice in the normal group (Nor) were maintained with a regular diet and treated with saline by gavage. The HFD model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including a HFD diabetic model group, a C-DM1 extract-administered group (C-DM1, 500 mg/kg), and metformin-administered groups (Met, 500 mg/kg), 8 mice in each group. Food intake, body weight (BW), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were recorded weekly for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer, and homeostatic model for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were detected. The histopathological changes of liver and pancreatic tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expressions in liver and pancreas tissues were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS HPLC-MS identified dihydroisotanshinone, dihydroisotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, harpagoside, and atractyloside A in C-DM1 extract. The administration of C-DM1 extract significantly decreased body weight, calorie intake, and the levels of blood glucose and insulin in the diabetic mice (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The C-DM1 extract administration improved the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in the diabetic mice and significantly decreased the levels of LDL-C, ALT and AST (P<0.01). The C-DM1 extract inhibited the histopathological changes of fatty liver and hyperplasia of pancreatic islets in the diabetic mice. The C-DM1 extract significantly increased the phosphorylation of IRS, AKT, and AMPK and the expression of PI3K in pancreas and liver tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which was consistent with the analysis results of network pharmacology. CONCLUSION C-DM1 extract improved diabetes symptoms in long-term HFD-induced mice by regulation of IRS/PI3K/AKT and AMPK expressions in pancreas and liver tissues, suggesting that C-DM1 formulation may help prevent the progression of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Wang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Seok Yong Kang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Chenzi Lyu
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Herbal Medicines Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Xiang Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Herbal Medicines Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Tianjun Ho
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Herbal Medicines Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, 030619, China
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea.
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea.
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Arumuganainar D, Subramaniam G, Kurumathur Vasudevan A, Subbusamy Kanakasabapathy B. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum Extracts on Bacteria From Dental Plaque Biofilm. Cureus 2023; 15:e45202. [PMID: 37842394 PMCID: PMC10576197 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The focus of research has recently shifted toward developing herbal-based medicines due to the emerging bacterial resistance and side effects of antibiotics. Solanum xanthocarpum (Sx) is a medicinal plant with potent pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of its crude extracts on bacteria isolated from dental plaque in patients with gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous, ethyl acetate, hexane, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts were prepared from Sx. Dental plaque samples were collected from patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. Disk diffusion assay was performed to determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts at concentrations of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml with ampicillin 200 mg/ml as a positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extract was also evaluated by broth dilution test against bacteria isolated from dental plaque biofilm. RESULTS The antibacterial activity was estimated by measuring the zones of inhibition through the disc diffusion method. The Kruskal Wallis with Dunn post hoc test performed for intergroup comparison between the various extracts showed a statistically significant difference in inhibition of bacterial growth between 25 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml concentrations. There was no significant difference between the 75 mg/ml Sx concentration and the positive control. In addition, the MIC was elucidated to be 0.625 g/ml, at which there was maximum inhibition of bacterial growth. CONCLUSION The Sx extract exhibited antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens. Thus, it can be concluded that optimum concentrations of Sx could be used in therapeutic strategies to prevent and manage periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopinath Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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Prabhu Venkatesh D, S G, Ramani P, S R, Ramalingam K. In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Herbal Formulation Containing Marigold Flower (Calendula officinalis L.) Tea. Cureus 2023; 15:e43308. [PMID: 37700948 PMCID: PMC10492899 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Calendula officinalis tea formulation. Materials and methods In this study, a formulation of 2 grams of dried marigold flower petals and 100 milliliters (ml) of distilled water was subjected to anti-inflammatory testing using albumin denaturation assay and anti-protease activity and antioxidant testing by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay. An independent sample t-test was done to compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of marigold tea formulation and control using SPSS version 22.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and any p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The highest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of marigold extract were exhibited at 10 microliters (µl) and 20 µl (p-value = 0.002 and 0.000), respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was higher than the control at all concentrations, whereas the antioxidant activity was higher at lower concentrations when compared to higher concentrations. Conclusion Marigold flower tea formulation exhibited better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities than the controls and therefore could be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksheetha Prabhu Venkatesh
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Gheena S
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Wodi C, Ezaka E, Ukwah BN, Eze UA. Organ wide toxicological assessment of common edible herbs and their mixtures as used in home remedies. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023012-0. [PMID: 37933106 PMCID: PMC10628407 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of home remedies for medicinal purposes, most of which are edible plants has continued to be a practice in many homes. However, there has been an increasing report of chronic use with lethal effect. Among the commonly used herbal/ medicinal plants were ginger, garlic and lemon. These were seen to be prevalent across continents with brewing and crude extraction being the most means of consumption. This study investigated the organ wide toxicity of this extract following chronic consumption of crude extract. Twenty-five albino Wister rats, five in each group were used for this experiment. Each animal received 0.5ml/kg body weight of either ginger extract, garlic extract, lemon juice, or a mixture of equal volumes of all three extract (v/v) respectively twice daily for seven (7) days. Statistics were represented as ±SE; P≤0.05 was considered significant. Previous studies have shown that moderate consumption of these medicinal plants were beneficial and have shown no deleterious effect. This study observed no change in the weight of the experimental animals. The weight of the animals continued to increase except for the group that received lemon and the mixture, but these were not significant. It was observed that chronic consumption induced organ wide toxicity to include the liver, kidney, intestinal epithelium, stomach, and pancreas. These were shown to alter tissue architecture and the cell morphology. Packed cell volume was reduced in the lemon and the group that received a combination of all extracts (p=o.03). Blood differentials showed changes in levels. An elevated basophil level was observed in ginger and garlic (p<0.0001; p=0.0006). Monocyte levels increased progressively across each group when compared to the control with the most elevated level seen in the group that received the mixture (p<0.0001). Lymphocyte count was reduced across all the groups that received the extract except for animals that received ginger. This study suggests the application of caution among users of these medicinal plants and continues to draw attention to the need for harmonization and standardization of safe use doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigeru Wodi
- Department of medical laboratory science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ebere Ezaka
- Department of medical laboratory science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Boniface N. Ukwah
- Department of medical laboratory science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ukpai A. Eze
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Bansal K, Sundram S, Malviya R. Herbal Components Inspiring Current Lifestyle Disease Treatment: Role of Nutraceuticals. Curr Drug Res Rev 2023:CDRR-EPUB-131752. [PMID: 37183457 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230512142020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the foods that are used to prevent and cure diseases. Food and nutrients are essential for the body's normal function and aid in the maintenance of an individual's health and prevent various diseases. Nutraceuticals are medicinal foods that aid in the maintenance of health, the enhancement of immunity, and the prevention and treatment of specific diseases. The markets of nutraceuticals are one of the fastest-growing industry segments. The prime reason for this accelerated market growth lies in the fact that nutraceuticals are low cost, can prevent diseases to occur, hence, can save the health care cost, have more nutritional value, and many others. Nutraceuticals can be classified on different foundations based on what they promise, natural sources, and nutraceutical food available in the market. This article will discuss those classifications in detail along with the role of nutraceuticals in lifestyle diseases, regulations, market trends, and prospects of nutraceuticals. The article will also highlight the concern areas which play as the limiting factor in the nutraceuticals industry growth like lack of quality control, lack of data on its working, and many other things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No 17 A, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Sonali Sundram
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No 17 A, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No 17 A, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, U.P., India
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Gasmi A, Tippairote T, Mujawdiya PK, Menzel A, Lysiuk R, Shanaida M, Lenchyk L, Peana M, Bjørklund G. Traditional Chinese Medicine as the preventive and therapeutic remedy for COVID-19. Curr Med Chem 2023:CMC-EPUB-130592. [PMID: 36999715 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230331084126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still has tremendous impacts on the global socio-economy and quality of living. The traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) approach showed encouraging results during previous outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). With limited treatment availability, TCM herbs and formulations could be viable to reduce COVID-19 symptoms and potential sources for discovering novel therapeutic targets. We reviewed 12 TCM herbs and formulations recommended for COVID-19 management by the National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the People's Republic of China. This article explored the Chinese national authorities' guidelines from 2003 to 2020, the scientific data in public databases for the recommended TCM remedies, and their potential mechanistic actions in COVID-19 management. Several TCM herbs and formulations could potentially benefit COVID-19 management. The recommended TCM oral preparations list are Huoxiang zhengqi, Jinhua Qinggan, Lianhua Qingwen, and Shufeng jiedu; the recommended injection preparations comprise Xiyanping Xuebijing, Re-Du-Ning, Tanreqing, Xingnaojing, Shenfu, Shengmai, and Shenmai. TCM remedies are viable options for symptom alleviation and management of COVID-19. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents an opportunity to find novel therapeutic targets from TCM-active ingredients. Despite the recommendations in Chinese National guidelines, these remedies warrant further assessments in well-designed clinical trials for their efficacies in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, Healing Passion Medical Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Roman Lysiuk
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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Begum A, S S, N AK, Ali SS. Evaluation of Herbal Hair Lotion loaded with Rosemary for Possible Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:60. [PMID: 37200757 PMCID: PMC10186041 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_306_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) is a common household plant with needle-like leaves and white flowers that belongs to the family Lamiaceae and has various medicinal properties including ailments of hair and scalp, cardiovascular, nervous disorders, etc., In the current work, we have focused on formulation and evaluation of 1% hair lotion incorporated with methanolic extract of R. officinalis. Materials and Methods The aerial parts of the plant were extracted with methanol and then the nature of phytochemicals were identified by chemical tests. It showed the presence of proteins, amino acids, fats and oils, steroids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, volatile oil, and vitamins. The extract was formulated to a suitable hair lotion and then evaluated for its various quality control parameters. Finally, the lotion was evaluated for hair growth promoting activity on C57BL/6 mice, using water as control and 2% minoxidil hair lotion as standard. Results It was observed that the formulated 1% herbal hair lotion passed all the evaluation parameters and showed a significant hair growth promoting activity than the standard drug-treated animals. Conclusion Although several researches have been carried out on the rosemary, an investigation on formulation of hair lotion adding the extract of the aerial part of the plant is for the first time. Since our formulation exhibited an excellent activity, it can be well thought out to be an alternative to the commercially available hair growth promoters with a lot of unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Begum
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Nalanda College of Pharmacy, Cherlapally, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Sandhya S
- Department of Pharmacology, P. S. M. College of Dental Science and Research, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Sandhya S, Department of Pharmacology, P. S. M. College of Dental Science and Research, Thrissur, Kerala, India. E-mail:
| | - Anoop Kumar N
- School of Family Health Studies, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Syed S. Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Nalanda College of Pharmacy, Cherlapally, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
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Sharma R, Jadhav M, Choudhary N, Kumar A, Rauf A, Gundamaraju R, AlAsmari AF, Ali N, Singla RK, Sharma R, Shen B. Deciphering the impact and mechanism of Trikatu, a spices-based formulation on alcoholic liver disease employing network pharmacology analysis and in vivo validation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1063118. [PMID: 36466417 PMCID: PMC9709420 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trikatu Churna (TC) comprising Zingiber officinale rhizome, Piper longum, and Piper nigrum fruit, is effective in treating liver diseases and has high nutraceutical values. However, the efficacy of TC in treating alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and its mechanism remain largely unknown. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of different doses of TC as well as to identify the bioactive components and determine their mechanism of action against ethanol-induced ALD. A compound-target network analysis model of TC was established to identify its potential bioactive compounds and pathways that might regulate its hepatoprotective effects. Further, in-vivo studies were performed to validate the potential of TC (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w.) in the treatment and management of ALD. The study revealed that both the dosages of TC demonstrate significant (p > 0.0001) hepatoprotective effects by improving body weight, total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphate (ALP), total cholesterol, total protein, globulin, albumin, and liver morphology. The High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of TC showed the presence of piperine. Network pharmacology identifies the role of TC in regulating various signaling processes including Advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE), Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-Kappa B), and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling to exert its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic role in managing ALD. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, some of the key targets of TC were found to be Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) or Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Sirtuin 1 (SRT1), and caspase-3. These effects may serve as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of ALD. These preclinical validation studies for the ethnopharmacological potential of TC in ALD treatment further paved the way for researchers to perform next-level translational and clinical studies. Further, in-depth experimental studies for the validation of these bioinformatics-based results will give a clearer picture of mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mangala Jadhav
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, R. A. Podar Ayurvedic Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Choudhary
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jaisamut P, Wanna S, Thanakoon A, Saejew S, Saowapark N, Suchato W, Chumvong P, Kosawiwat T, Momaklua P, Chusri S. Evaluation of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method for Preparation and Assessment of Thai Herbal Medicine Oral Tablets With Enriched Phytochemical Compounds. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:167. [PMID: 34080078 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, populations have employed herbal medicines for primary health care because they are believed to be more appropriate to the human body and have less side effects than chemically synthesized drugs. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate herbal tablets incorporated with a Thai traditional medicinal extract, U-pa-ri-waat (URW), using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The extraction efficiency for URW using MAE and traditional solvent extraction was compared based on the percent yield after spray drying. URW tablets were prepared using the dry granulation method. The optimized products were assessed using standard characterization methods based on the United States and British Pharmacopeias. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were performed to analyze the antioxidant capacity of the microwave-assisted extracts. The results revealed that the flowability of the dry granule with added maltodextrin was improved compared to a granule without additives, as indicated by an angle of repose of 33.69 ± 2.0°, a compressibility index of 15.38 ± 0.66, and a Hausner's ratio of 1.18 ± 0.06. The resulting formulation produced flat tablets with uniform weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, and optimum disintegration time. The URW extracts showed antioxidant activity and MAE with maltodextrin carrier displayed the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical activities with IC50 values of 1.60 ± 0.02 μg/mL and 4.02 ± 0.24 μg/mL, respectively. The URW tablet formulation passed the quality control tests. Storage of the formulation tablets for 90 days under accelerated conditions had minimal effects on tablet characteristics.
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Koodalingam A, Rajalakshmi A, Parthiban E. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of poly herbal formulations, Joint Pain Spl and Rumalaya Forte on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in IC-21 macrophages. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:290-301. [PMID: 33397275 DOI: 10.2174/1871523019999210104203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the effectiveness of marketed polyherbal formulations on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory conditions in macrophages. BACKGROUND Usage of herbal compounds among patients suffered by arthritis and cancer is increasing every year. Many anti-inflammatory herbal products available in the market should be screened thoroughly for their possible mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE Joint Pain Spl (JPS) is a polyherbal dietary food supplement composed of 13 herbal plants and Rumalaya Forte (RF) is a polyherbal formulation comprising of 6 herbal plants were tested for its cytotoxicity, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in LPS treated IC-21 peritoneal macrophages. METHODS Commercially available JPS and RF powder was used to prepare the extract. The aqueous and methanol extracts were quantified for the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compound and confirmed with HPLC. In vitro DPPH free scavenging activity was performed. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using lipopolysaccharide stimulated IC-21 peritoneal macrophage cells. RESULTS The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in JPS and RF. The aqueous and methanol extracts of JPS and RF possesses significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity. MTT assay revealed that 90.64% (aqueous extract) and 92.21% (methanol extract) of exposed macrophages are viable even after 24h exposure of maximal tested concentrations of herbal formulations. Pre-treatment of JPS and RF on LPS induced IC-21 macrophages showed an reduction in nitric oxide production (maximal 79.95%) and high level of superoxide anion scavenging activity (maximal 82.5%) over control. CONCLUSION The two tested poly herbal formulations such as JPS and RF possesses anti-inflammatory activity by modulating free radical generation in IC-21 macrophages. Thus the presence of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds may contribute to the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunagirinathan Koodalingam
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Sir Theagaraya College, Old Washermenpet, Chennai - 600 021, Tamilnadu,. India
| | - Arumugam Rajalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram- 631 561, Tamilnadu,. India
| | - Ezhumalai Parthiban
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025,. India
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11
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Jeon SH, Bae WJ, Zhu GQ, Tian W, Kwon EB, Kim GE, Hwang SY, Lee KW, Cho HJ, Ha US, Hong SH, Lee JY, Kim SW. Combined treatment with extracorporeal shockwaves therapy and an herbal formulation for activation of penile progenitor cells and antioxidant activity in diabetic erectile dysfunction. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:416-427. [PMID: 32420147 PMCID: PMC7214964 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.01.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A Korean herbal formulation named KH-204 was reported to have an antioxidant effect in our previous study. We hypothesized that Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) combined with KH-204 would accelerate the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) by enhancing antioxidant. We investigated the synergistic effect of Li-ESWT and KH-204 for ED and explored the mechanism. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with KH-204 and LI-ESWT in vitro. Fifty 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) which can label live cells, and were randomly divided into five groups: (I) normal; (II) diabetes mellitus-associated erectile dysfunction (DMED); (III) DMED + KH-204; (IV) DMED + Li-ESWT; and (V) DMED + KH-204/Li-ESWT. Li-ESWT treatment was repeated three times a week every other day for four weeks in group 4 and 5. Meanwhile, rats in group 3 and 5 were orally fed 400 mg/kg of KH-204 daily for 1 month. Following a 1-week washout period, penile tissues were evaluated by immunostaining and Western blotting. Results KH-204 combined with Li-ESWT improved intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in DMED rats. Li-ESWT/KH-204 stimulated HUVEC tube formation and promoted proliferation. Li-ESWT drove progenitor cells to migrate to penile tissue and KH-204 protected penile progenitor cells in the corpus cavernosum. Oxidative stress was relieved by KH-204/Li-ESWT. Treatment with KH-204/Li-ESWT protected penile progenitor cells, which were recruited to the corpus cavernosum by Li-ESWT, from apoptosis via its antioxidant activity. KH-204/Li-ESWT protected penile tissue from oxidative stress by improving the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreasing 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and reducing apoptosis. KH-204/Li-ESWT promoted stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in DMED rats. Conclusions KH-204 protected penile progenitor cells, which were recruited to the corpus cavernosum by Li-ESWT, from apoptosis via its antioxidant activity. The combination of Li-ESWT and KH-204 as a synergy therapy could be a potential and effective treatment for DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Jeon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guan Qun Zhu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenjie Tian
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Kwon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eun Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyu Won Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jin Cho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Abstract
Malassezia spp. are commensal yeasts that can cause cutaneous ailments such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. We sought to develop a cost-effective, herbal formulation for the treatment of cutaneous ailments related to Malassezia spp. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) leaves exhibited activity against a clinical isolate and commercial strain of Malassezia furfur. The extracts were also found to be active against other pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of aqueous extract showed a predominant presence of flavonoids apart from alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, and proteins. Gel formulation of 30% aqueous fenugreek leaf extract was developed and optimized using sodium alginate as a gelling agent. The formulation showed good physicochemical characteristics and retained activity against M. furfur during 3-month accelerated stability studies. Furthermore, the developed herbal gel formulation did not show any irritation or sensitization in New Zealand rabbits after topical application, proving its cutaneous safety. Thus, topical gel formulation containing fenugreek leaf aqueous extract could be a safe and effective herbal treatment for various cutaneous fungal infections, including dandruff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathawade, Pune, India
| | - Vishakha Hastak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathawade, Pune, India
| | - Vitthal Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathawade, Pune, India
| | - Abhijit A Date
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii
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13
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Shal B, Ding W, Ali H, Kim YS, Khan S. Anti-neuroinflammatory Potential of Natural Products in Attenuation of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:548. [PMID: 29896105 PMCID: PMC5986949 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia and cognitive impairment most common in elderly population. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed by numerous researcher, although, exact mechanism is not yet elucidated. Several studies have been indicated that neuroinflammation associated with deposition of amyloid- beta (Aβ) in brain is a major hallmark toward the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. So, there is a need to unravel the link of inflammatory process in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, expression of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) participate in inflammatory process of AD. This review mainly concentrates on involvement of neuroinflammation and the molecular mechanisms adapted by various natural compounds, phytochemicals and herbal formulations in various signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection. Currently, pharmacologically active natural products, having anti-neuroinflammatory potential are being focused which makes them potential candidate to cure AD. A number of preclinical and clinical trials have been done on nutritional and botanical agents. Analysis of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phytochemicals such as terpenoids, phenolic derivatives, alkaloids, glycosides, and steroidal saponins displays therapeutic potential toward amelioration and prevention of devastating neurodegeneration observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yeong S Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Sairkar PK, Sharma A, Shukla NP. Estimation of Guggulsterone E and Z in the Guggul-based Commercial Formulations Using High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9:1-7. [PMID: 28584486 PMCID: PMC5450464 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.206225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Guggulsterone (GS) is a plant steroid and bioactive compound present in gum Guggul of Commiphora wightii. An Indian herbal medicine system “Ayurveda” has a long history of use of gum Guggul and plant extract of C. wightii as medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. Complex nature, low availability, and inconsistency of phytoconstituents make its analysis of difficult tasks. Aims: In this work, six different Guggul-based herbal formulations were examined for estimation of GS and their isomers (E and Z) through high-performance thin-layer chromatography technique. Materials and Methods: For that various concentrations of standard E-GS and Z-GS (50 ng–250 ng/spot) with samples (20 μg/spot) were applied on silica gel coated aluminum plate and developed with the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (6:2:1:0.5). The scanning was performed at 254 nm wavelength and the absorbance (scan) spectrum of E-GS and Z-GS peak was generated at 200 nm–400 nm wavelength range. Results and Conclusions: Rf value and scan spectrum pattern of the samples reveal that they contain either one form of GS (E-GS, Z-GS) or both. The quantity of E-GS and Z-GS within the samples was ranged from 0.230 ± 0.0040–0.926 ± 0.0168% to 0.537 ± 0.0026–0.723 ± 0.0177%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Sairkar
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, M. P. Council of Science and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biological Science, Bacteriology Laboratory, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - N P Shukla
- Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Paryavaran Parisar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ojiako OA, Chikezie PC, Ogbuji AC. Radical scavenging potentials of single and combinatorial herbal formulations in vitro. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 6:153-9. [PMID: 27114938 PMCID: PMC4833459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are involved in deleterious/beneficial biological processes. The present study sought to investigate the capacity of single and combinatorial herbal formulations of Acanthus montanus, Emilia coccinea, Hibiscus rosasinensis, and Asystasia gangetica to act as superoxide radicals (SOR), hydrogen peroxide (HP), nitric oxide radical (NOR), hydroxyl radical (HR), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical antagonists using in vitro models. The herbal extracts were single herbal formulations (SHfs), double herbal formulations (DHfs), triple herbal formulations (THfs), and a quadruple herbal formulation (QHf). The phytochemical composition and radical scavenging capacity index (SCI) of the herbal formulations were measured using standard methods. The flavonoids were the most abundant phytochemicals present in the herbal extracts. The SCI50 defined the concentration (μg/mL) of herbal formulation required to scavenge 50% of the investigated radicals. The SHfs, DHfs, THfs, and QHf SCI50 against the radicals followed the order HR > SOR > DPPH radical > HP > NOR. Although the various herbal formulations exhibited ambivalent antioxidant activities in terms of their radical scavenging capabilities, a broad survey of the results of the present study showed that combinatorial herbal formulations (DHfs, THfs, and QHf) appeared to exhibit lower radical scavenging capacities than those of the SHfs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okey A. Ojiako
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Paul C. Chikezie
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Agomuo C. Ogbuji
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Nigeria
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Surana P, Sankhla A, Dashora PK. Preliminary study on the effect of a herbal formulation "Deepaniyavati" in hyperlipidemia. Indian J Clin Biochem 2000; 15:167-70. [PMID: 23105260 DOI: 10.1007/BF02883747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of "DeepaniyaVati", a herbal formulation in the management of hyperlipidemia, a randomized group pre-test post-test study trial was carried out on fifty male (30 to 70 yrs) hyperlipidemic volunteers who were asked to follow their normal routine diet and activity pattern throughout the investigation period. The formulation, prepared by mixing nine plant products in equal proportion, when given in a daily dose of 2g, twice a day for a period of one month, brought about an observable improvement in all the lipid parameters by significantly reducing total cholesterol (10%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (12.76%), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (27.4%), triglycerides (34.7%) and bringing these values much nearer to the normal levels. In control group, no such effect was noticed. A concomitant significant increase in the HDL-C levels suggests the possible utility of "Deepaniya Vati" in the management of hyperlipidemia and the need for further detailed study.
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