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Sun HW, Zhang X, Shen CC. The shared circulating diagnostic biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354348. [PMID: 38774864 PMCID: PMC11106441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ chronic autoimmune disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies have shown that SLE and IBD share common pathogenic pathways and genetic susceptibility, but the specific pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Methods The datasets of SLE and IBD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Limma package. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to determine co-expression modules related to SLE and IBD. Pathway enrichment was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis for co-driver genes. Using the Least AbsoluteShrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) regressionand Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), common diagnostic markers for both diseases were further evaluated. Then, we utilizedthe CIBERSORT method to assess the abundance of immune cell infiltration. Finally,we used the single-cell analysis to obtain the location of common diagnostic markers. Results 71 common driver genes were identified in the SLE and IBD cohorts based on the DEGs and module genes. KEGG and GO enrichment results showed that these genes were closely associated with positive regulation of programmed cell death and inflammatory responses. By using LASSO regression and SVM, five hub genes (KLRF1, GZMK, KLRB1, CD40LG, and IL-7R) were ultimately determined as common diagnostic markers for SLE and IBD. ROC curve analysis also showed good diagnostic performance. The outcomes of immune cell infiltration demonstrated that SLE and IBD shared almost identical immune infiltration patterns. Furthermore, the majority of the hub genes were commonly expressed in NK cells by single-cell analysis. Conclusion This study demonstrates that SLE and IBD share common diagnostic markers and pathogenic pathways. In addition, SLE and IBD show similar immune cellinfiltration microenvironments which provides newperspectives for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cong-Cong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Ou W, Qi Z, Liu N, Zhang J, Mi X, Song Y, Fang Y, Cui B, Hou J, Yuan Z. Elucidating the role of TWIST1 in ulcerative colitis: a comprehensive bioinformatics and machine learning approach. Front Genet 2024; 15:1296570. [PMID: 38510272 PMCID: PMC10952112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1296570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common and progressive inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum. Prolonged inflammation can lead to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). While the exact cause of UC remains unknown, this study aims to investigate the role of the TWIST1 gene in UC. Methods: Second-generation sequencing data from adult UC patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and characteristic genes were selected using machine learning and Lasso regression. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve assessed TWIST1's potential as a diagnostic factor (AUC score). Enriched pathways were analyzed, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA). Functional mechanisms of marker genes were predicted, considering immune cell infiltration and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Results: We found 530 DEGs, with 341 upregulated and 189 downregulated genes. TWIST1 emerged as one of four potential UC biomarkers via machine learning. TWIST1 expression significantly differed in two datasets, GSE193677 and GSE83687, suggesting its diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.717 in GSE193677, AUC = 0.897 in GSE83687). Enrichment analysis indicated DEGs associated with TWIST1 were involved in processes like leukocyte migration, humoral immune response, and cell chemotaxis. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed higher rates of M0 macrophages and resting NK cells in the high TWIST1 expression group, while TWIST1 expression correlated positively with M2 macrophages and resting NK cell infiltration. We constructed a ceRNA regulatory network involving 1 mRNA, 7 miRNAs, and 32 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to explore TWIST1's regulatory mechanism. Conclusion: TWIST1 plays a significant role in UC and has potential as a diagnostic marker. This study sheds light on UC's molecular mechanisms and underscores TWIST1's importance in its progression. Further research is needed to validate these findings in diverse populations and investigate TWIST1 as a therapeutic target in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoxue Qi
- Department of Secretory Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- General Surgery of The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junzi Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuguang Mi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanqiu Fang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baiying Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junjie Hou
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhixin Yuan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Sánchez-Quintero MJ, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Rodríguez-González FJ, Fernández-Castañer A, García-Fuentes E, López-Gómez C. Role of Mitochondria in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17124. [PMID: 38069446 PMCID: PMC10707203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cellular organelles whose main function is maintaining cell bioenergetics by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria are involved in a much higher number of cellular processes. Mitochondria are the home of key metabolic pathways like the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β-oxidation of fatty acids, as well as biosynthetic pathways of key products like nucleotides and amino acids, the control of the redox balance of the cell and detoxifying the cell from H2S and NH3. This plethora of critical functions within the cell is the reason mitochondrial function is involved in several complex disorders (apart from pure mitochondrial disorders), among them inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD are a group of chronic, inflammatory disorders of the gut, mainly composed of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In this review, we present the current knowledge regarding the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of IBD. The role of mitochondria in both intestinal mucosa and immune cell populations are discussed, as well as the role of mitochondrial function in mechanisms like mucosal repair, the microbiota- and brain-gut axes and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Sánchez-Quintero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandra Fernández-Castañer
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Hua R, Qiao G, Chen G, Sun Z, Jia H, Li P, Zhang B, Qi F. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Colonic Lamina Propria Immune Cells Reveals the Key Immune Cell-Related Genes of Ulcerative Colitis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5171-5188. [PMID: 38026254 PMCID: PMC10649030 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s440076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe threat to humans worldwide. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can be used to screen gene expression patterns of each cell in the intestine, provide new insights into the potential mechanism of UC, and analyze the development of immune cell changes. These findings can provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases. In this study, bioinformatics analysis combined with experiments applied in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice was used to explore new diagnostic genes for UC and their potential relationship with immune cells. Methods We downloaded microarray datasets (GSE75214, GSE87473, GSE92415) from the Gene Expression Omnibus and used these datasets to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conduct Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) after quality control. The hub genes were screened, and ROC curves were drawn to verify the reliability of the results in both training set (GSE75214, GSE87473, GSE92415) and validation cohort (GSE87466). Also, we explored the relation of diagnostic genes and immune cells by CIBERSORT algorithm and single-cell analysis. Finally, the expression of hub genes and their relation with immune cells were verified in DSS-induced colitis mice. Results Diagnostic genes (ANXA5, MMP7, NR1H4, CYP3A4, ABCG2) were identified. In addition, we found these five genes firmly related to immune infiltration. The DSS-induced colitis mice confirm that the expression of ANXA5 mainly increased in the intestinal macrophages and had a strong negative correlation with M2 macrophages, which indicated its possible influence on the polarization of macrophages in UC patients. Conclusion We identified ANXA5, MMP7, NR1H4, CYP3A4, and ABCG2 as diagnostic genes of UC that are closely related to immune infiltration and ANXA5 maintains a negative correlation with M2 macrophages which indicated its possible influence on the polarization of macrophage in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangjie Qiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoshan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaonan Sun
- General Surgery Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haowen Jia
- General Surgery Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Pappa A, Mührer J, Gast P, Hebbar Subramanyam S, Ohl K, Muschaweck M, Wagner N, Wenzl T, Tenbrock K. Pediatric IBD patients show medication and disease activity dependent changes in NK cell and CD4 memory T cell populations. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1123873. [PMID: 37456566 PMCID: PMC10345343 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives CD4+ memory T cells facilitate long-termed adaptive immune responses while NK cells are predominately rapid effector cells with significant functions for both intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. We wanted to study both populations in health and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and correlate them with disease activity and medication. Methods We performed flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood CD4 + CD45RO+ memory T cells and CD3-CD16 + CD56+ NK cells in 30 patients with IBD and 31 age-matched controls and correlated percentages of subsets with disease activity (PUCAI/PCDAI) and medication. Results We found a significant reduction of peripheral NK cells in overall IBD patients with both clinical remission and disease activity, which was even more pronounced in patients treated with azathioprine. Otherwise, circulating CD4+ memory T cell populations were significantly enhanced in active IBD compared to controls. Enhancement of memory T cells was particularly found in new onset disease and correlated with disease activity scores. Discussion Our single center cohort confirms previous results showing enhanced memory T cell populations in pediatric IBD patients, which correlate with disease activity scores. CD4+ memory T cells are a relevant pathogenic leukocyte population for disease development and perpetuation in IBD. In addition, we found a decrease of NK cells in IBD patients, which was pronounced by use of azathioprine. Surveillance of both cellular populations could possibly serve as biomarker for therapy control in pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Pappa
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Mührer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Gast
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Muschaweck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Wenzl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Wang Y, Huang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Tang X. Identifying biomarkers associated with the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis via bioinformatics and machine learning. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:10741-10756. [PMID: 37322958 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence. This study aimed to identify potential UC biomarkers and associated immune infiltration characteristics. METHODS Two datasets (GSE87473 and GSE92415) were merged to obtain 193 UC samples and 42 normal samples. Using R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC and normal samples were filtered out, and their biological functions were investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Promising biomarkers were identified using least absolute shrinkage selector operator regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and their diagnostic efficacy was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, CIBERSORT was used to investigate the immune infiltration characteristics in UC, and the relationship between the identified biomarkers and various immune cells was examined. RESULTS We found 102 DEGs, of which 64 were significantly upregulated, and 38 were significantly downregulated. The DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with interleukin-17, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, among others. Using machine learning methods and ROC tests, we confirmed DUOX2, DMBT1, CYP2B7P, PITX2 and DEFB1 to be essential diagnostic genes for UC. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that all five diagnostic genes were correlated with regulatory T cells, CD8 T cells, activated and resting memory CD4 T cells, activated natural killer cells, neutrophils, activated and resting mast cells, activated and resting dendritic cells and M0, M1 and M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS DUOX2, DMBT1, CYP2B7P, PITX2 and DEFB1 were identified as prospective biomarkers for UC. A new perspective on understanding the progression of UC may be provided by these biomarkers and their relationship with immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinke Huang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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7
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Butyrate limits human natural killer cell effector function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2715. [PMID: 36792800 PMCID: PMC9932090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota regulates chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of disease including autoimmunity and cancer. Microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) e.g., butyrate have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects and are thought to be key mediators of the host-microbiome interaction. Here, we investigated the effect of butyrate on effector functions of blood derived human NK cells stimulated for 18 h with a combination of IL-12/IL-15, a potent mix of cytokines that drive NK cell activation. We show that butyrate has a strong anti-inflammatory effect on NK cells. NK cells cultured in the presence of butyrate expressed lower levels of activating receptors (TRAIL, NKp30, NKp44) and produced lower levels of cytokines (IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-22, granzyme B, granzyme A, perforin) in response to IL-12/IL-15. Butyrate restricted NK cell function by downregulation of mTORC1 activity, c-Myc mRNA expression and metabolism. Using a shotgun proteomic approach, we confirmed the effect of butyrate on NK cell cytokine signaling and metabolism and identified BRD2, MAT2A and EHD1 as downstream mediators of these effects. This insight into the immunomodulatory activity of butyrate on human NK cell function might help to develop new ways to limit NK cell function during chronic inflammation.
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Lin W, Liu S, Huang Z, Li H, Lu T, Luo Y, Zhong J, Xu Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Li P, Xu Q, Cai J, Li H, Chen XL. Mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal immune cell characteristics of active and inactive phases of Crohn's disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1064106. [PMID: 36714133 PMCID: PMC9878392 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1064106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives For Crohn's disease (CD), the alternation of the active phase and inactive phase may be related to humoral immunity and cellular immunity. This study aims to understand the characteristics of immune cells in patients with active CD (CDa) and inactive CD (CDin). Methods Mass cytometry (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data about CDa, CDin, and healthy control (HC) were included. CyTOF analysis was performed to capture gated subsets, including T cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, B cells, innate immune cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Differential analysis was used to identify different immune cell subsets among CDa, CDin, and HC. ScRNA-seq analysis was used to verify the results of CyTOF. CD-related signaling pathways were obtained using KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. CellChat analysis was used to infer the cell communication network among immune cell subsets. Results Compared to patients with CDin, patients with CDa had higher abundances of CD16+CD38+CD4+CXCR3+CCR6+ naive T cells, HLA-DR+CD38+IFNγ+TNF+ effector memory (EM) T cells, HLA-DR+IFNγ+ naive B cells, and CD14++CD11C+IFNγ+IL1B+ monocytes. KEGG analysis showed the similarity of pathway enrichment for the earlier four subsets, such as thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways. The patients with CDin were characterized by an increased number of CD16+CD56dimCD44+HLA-DR+IL22+ NK cells. Compared to HC, patients with CDa demonstrated a low abundance of HLA-DR+CCR6+ NK cells and a high abundance of FOXP3+CD44+ EM Tregs. CellChat analysis revealed the interaction network of cell subsets amplifying in CDa compared with CDin. Conclusion Some immune subsets cells were identified for CDa and CDin. These cells may be related to the occurrence and development of CD and may provide assistance in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuojian Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianyu Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewen Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhong Cai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huibiao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-lin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xin-lin Chen,
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Bahadorian D, Mollazadeh S, Mirazi H, Faraj TA, Kheder RK, Esmaeili SA. Regulatory NK cells in autoimmune disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:609-616. [PMID: 37275764 PMCID: PMC10237161 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68653.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are defined as the major components of the immunological network which exerts defense against tumors and viral infections as well as regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, shaped through interaction with other cells like T cells. According to the surface markers, NK cells can be divided into CD56dim NK and CD56bright NK subsets. CD56bright NK cells usually are known as regulatory NK cells. Once the immune system loses its self-tolerance, autoimmune diseases develop. NK cells and their subsets can be altered during autoimmune diseases, indicative of their prominent regulatory roles and even pathological and protective functions in autoimmune disorders. In this regard, activation of CD56bright NK cells can suppress activated autologous CD4+ T cells and subsequently prevent the initiation of autoimmunity. In this review article, we summarize the roles of regulatory NK cells in autoimmune disease occurrence which needs more research to uncover their exact related mechanism. It seems that targeting NK cells can be a promising therapeutic platform against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Bahadorian
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hosein Mirazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Tumor Microenvironment and Metabolism: Role of the Mitochondrial Melatonergic Pathway in Determining Intercellular Interactions in a New Dynamic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010311. [PMID: 36613754 PMCID: PMC9820362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the role of alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of cancers, including within the array of diverse cells that can form a given tumor microenvironment. The 'exhaustion' in natural killer cells and CD8+ t cells as well as the tolerogenic nature of dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment seems determined by variations in mitochondrial function. Recent work has highlighted the important role played by the melatonergic pathway in optimizing mitochondrial function, limiting ROS production, endogenous antioxidants upregulation and consequent impacts of mitochondrial ROS on ROS-dependent microRNAs, thereby impacting on patterned gene expression. Within the tumor microenvironment, the tumor, in a quest for survival, seeks to 'dominate' the dynamic intercellular interactions by limiting the capacity of cells to optimally function, via the regulation of their mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. One aspect of this is the tumor's upregulation of kynurenine and the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which acts to metabolize melatonin and increase the N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio, with effluxed N-acetylserotonin acting as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic via its activation of the BDNF receptor, TrkB, thereby increasing the survival and proliferation of tumors and cancer stem-like cells. This article highlights how many of the known regulators of cells in the tumor microenvironment can be downstream of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway regulation. Future research and treatment implications are indicated.
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Adolph TE, Meyer M, Schwärzler J, Mayr L, Grabherr F, Tilg H. The metabolic nature of inflammatory bowel diseases. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:753-767. [PMID: 35906289 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, phenotypically comprising a spectrum of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), spread globally during the westernization of lifestyle and dietary habits over the past few decades. Here, we review experimental and clinical evidence for the metabolic nature of gut inflammation in IBD and delineate distinct parallels to the inflammatory state in metabolic diseases. Experimental evidence indicates that excessive intake of specific macronutrients in a Western diet fuels an inflammatory response in the gut by exploiting sensors of innate immunity and perturbation of gut microbial metabolism. Genetic IBD risk partly affects metabolism and stress signalling of innate immunity, and immunometabolism controls susceptibility to gut inflammation. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that specific nutrients in the Western diet pose a risk for the development of IBD and a poor disease course. Translational studies in IBD indicate perturbation of energy metabolism in immune cells and perturbation of gut microbial metabolism, which can be shaped by diet. In turn, dietary restriction by exclusive enteral nutrition induces remission in patients with IBD. Collectively, these studies support a metabolic underpinning of gut inflammation in IBD as described for metabolic inflammation in obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Li Y, Tang M, Zhang FJ, Huang Y, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y, Yang J, Zhu S. Screening of ulcerative colitis biomarkers and potential pathways based on weighted gene co-expression network, machine learning and ceRNA hypothesis. Hereditas 2022; 159:42. [PMID: 36419192 PMCID: PMC9685902 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) refers to an intractable intestinal inflammatory disease. Its increasing incidence rate imposes a huge burden on patients and society. The UC etiology has not been determined, so screening potential biomarkers is critical to preventing disease progression and selecting optimal therapeutic strategies more effectively. METHODS The microarray datasets of intestinal mucosal biopsy of UC patients were selected from the GEO database, and integrated with R language to screen differentially expressed genes and draw proteins interaction network diagrams. GO, KEGG, DO and GSEA enrichment analyses were performed to explore their biological functions. Through machine learning and WGCNA analysis, targets that can be used as UC potential biomarkers are screened out. ROC curves were drawn to verify the reliability of the results and predicted the mechanism of marker genes from the aspects of immune cell infiltration, co-expression analysis, and competitive endogenous network (ceRNA). RESULTS Two datasets GSE75214 and GSE87466 were integrated for screening, and a total of 107 differentially expressed genes were obtained. They were mainly related to biological functions such as humoral immune response and inflammatory response. Further screened out five marker genes, and found that they were associated with M0 macrophages, quiescent mast cells, M2 macrophages, and activated NK cells in terms of immune cell infiltration. The co-expression network found significant co-expression relationships between 54 miRNAs and 5 marker genes. According to the ceRNA hypothesis, NEAT1-miR-342-3p/miR-650-SLC6A14, NEAT1-miR-650-IRAK3, and XIST-miR-342-3p-IRAK3 axes were found as potential regulatory pathways in UC. CONCLUSION This study screened out five biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of UC, namely SLC6A14, TIMP1, IRAK3, HMGCS2, and APOBEC3B. Confirmed that they play a role in the occurrence and development of UC at the level of immune infiltration, and proposed a potential RNA regulatory pathway that controls the progression of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China ,grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First College for Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyao Tang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Innovation and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000 China
| | - Feng Jun Zhang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China ,grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First College for Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yihan Huang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Junqi Li
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- grid.479672.9Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First College for Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Innovation and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000 China
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Long COVID and the Neuroendocrinology of Microbial Translocation Outside the GI Tract: Some Treatment Strategies. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to previous pandemics, COVID-19 has been succeeded by well-documented post-infectious sequelae, including chronic fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, and concentration difficulties, which may last 5 to 12 weeks or longer after the acute phase of illness. Both the psychological stress of SARS-CoV-2 infection and being diagnosed with COVID-19 can upregulate cortisol, a stress hormone that disrupts the efferocytosis effectors, macrophages, and natural killer cells, leading to the excessive accumulation of senescent cells and disruption of biological barriers. This has been well-established in cancer patients who often experience unrelenting fatigue as well as gut and blood–brain barrier dysfunction upon treatment with senescence-inducing radiation or chemotherapy. In our previous research from 2020 and 2021, we linked COVID-19 to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) via angiotensin II upregulation, premature endothelial senescence, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and microbial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation. In 2021 and 2022, these hypotheses were validated and SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular senescence as well as microbial translocation were documented in both acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID, and ME/CFS, connecting intestinal barrier dysfunction to disabling fatigue and specific infectious events. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize what is currently known about host immune responses to translocated gut microbes and how these responses relate to fatiguing illnesses, including long COVID. To accomplish this goal, we examine the role of intestinal and blood–brain barriers in long COVID and other illnesses typified by chronic fatigue, with a special emphasis on commensal microbes functioning as viral reservoirs. Furthermore, we discuss the role of SARS-CoV-2/Mycoplasma coinfection in dysfunctional efferocytosis, emphasizing some potential novel treatment strategies, including the use of senotherapeutic drugs, HMGB1 inhibitors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) blockers, and membrane lipid replacement.
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Pu D, Liu L, Wang N, Wang D, Zhang Z, Feng B. Case report: Single-cell mapping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with both Crohn’s disease and isolated congenital asplenia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959281. [PMID: 36091029 PMCID: PMC9459022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD), as one of the principal form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by the chronic and recurring inflammatory conditions in the intestine resulting from the over-activation of intestinal immunity. Hyposplenism is strongly associated with CD, while the effect of human spleen on the differentiation and development of immune cell subsets in CD patients remains unclear. Isolated congenital asplenia (ICA) is an extremely rare condition characterized by the absence of a spleen at birth without any other developmental defects. Here, we describe the first case of a patient with both ICA and CD, and follow the progression of CD from remission to active stage. Using cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) analysis, we draw the first single-cell mapping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from this unique patient, tracing back to the innate or adaptive immune cell subsets and cell surface markers affected by the spleen. Based on our analysis, it is speculated that the spleen contributes to maintaining immune homeostasis, alleviating intestinal inflammation and improving prognosis by influencing the differentiation and development of peripheral immune cell subsets and the expression of cell surface markers in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Zhang, ; Baisui Feng,
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Zhang, ; Baisui Feng,
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Coman D, Coales I, Roberts LB, Neves JF. Helper-Like Type-1 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903688. [PMID: 35844597 PMCID: PMC9285720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic condition characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation in the intestine. While the precise etiology of IBD remains unknown, genetics, the gut microbiome, environmental factors, and the immune system have all been shown to contribute to the disease pathophysiology. In recent years, attention has shifted towards the role that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) may play in the dysregulation of intestinal immunity observed in IBD. ILCs are a group of heterogenous immune cells which can be found at mucosal barriers. They act as critical mediators of the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and the orchestration of its inflammatory response. Despite helper-like type 1 ILCs (ILC1s) constituting a particularly rare ILC population in the intestine, recent work has suggested that an accumulation of intestinal ILC1s in individuals with IBD may act to exacerbate its pathology. In this review, we summarize existing knowledge on helper-like ILC1 plasticity and their classification in murine and human settings. Moreover, we discuss what is currently understood about the roles that ILC1s may play in the progression of IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Coman
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Coales
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke B. Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joana F. Neves
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Joana F. Neves,
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Frigerio S, Lartey DA, D’Haens GR, Grootjans J. The Role of the Immune System in IBD-Associated Colorectal Cancer: From Pro to Anti-Tumorigenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12739. [PMID: 34884543 PMCID: PMC8657929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). IBD-associated cancer follows a well-characterized sequence of intestinal epithelial changes, in which genetic mutations and molecular aberrations play a key role. IBD-associated cancer develops against a background of chronic inflammation and pro-inflammatory immune cells, and their products contribute to cancer development and progression. In recent years, the effect of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in cancer development and progression has gained more attention, mainly because of the unprecedented anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in selected groups of patients. Even though IBD-associated cancer develops in the background of chronic inflammation which is associated with activation of endogenous anti-inflammatory or suppressive mechanisms, the potential role of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in these cancers is largely unknown. In this review, we outline the role of the immune system in promoting cancer development in chronic inflammatory diseases such as IBD, with a specific focus on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and suppressive immune cells that may play a role in IBD-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Frigerio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dalia A. Lartey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R. D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.F.); (D.A.L.); (G.R.D.)
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Doherty J, Fennessy S, Stack R, O’ Morain N, Cullen G, Ryan EJ, De Gascun C, Doherty GA. Review Article: vaccination for patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:1110-1123. [PMID: 34472643 PMCID: PMC8653045 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor immune responses are frequently observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving established vaccines; risk factors include immunosuppressants and active disease. AIMS To summarise available information regarding immune responses achieved in patients with IBD receiving established vaccines. Using this information, to identify risk factors in the IBD population related to poor vaccine-induced immunity that may be applicable to vaccines against COVID-19. METHODS We undertook a literature review on immunity to currently recommended vaccines for patients with IBD and to COVID-19 vaccines and summarised the relevant literature. RESULTS Patients with IBD have reduced immune responses following vaccination compared to the general population. Factors including the use of immunomodulators and anti-TNF agents reduce response rates. Patients with IBD should be vaccinated against COVID-19 at the earliest opportunity as recommended by International Advisory Committees, and vaccination should not be deferred because a patient is receiving immune-modifying therapies. Antibody titres to COVID-19 vaccines appear to be reduced in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy, especially in combination with immunomodulators after one vaccination. Therefore, we should optimise any established risk factors that could impact response to vaccination in patients with IBD before vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Ideally, patients with IBD should be vaccinated at the earliest opportunity against COVID-19. Patients should be in remission and, if possible, have their corticosteroid dose minimised before vaccination. Further research is required to determine the impact of different biologics on vaccine response to COVID-19 and the potential for booster vaccines or heterologous prime-boost vaccinations in the IBD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal DiseaseSt. Vincent’s University Hospital & School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Sean Fennessy
- Centre for Colorectal DiseaseSt. Vincent’s University Hospital & School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Roisin Stack
- Centre for Colorectal DiseaseSt. Vincent’s University Hospital & School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Neil O’ Morain
- Centre for Colorectal DiseaseSt. Vincent’s University Hospital & School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Garret Cullen
- Centre for Colorectal DiseaseSt. Vincent’s University Hospital & School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Elizabeth J. Ryan
- Department of Biological SciencesHealth Research InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland
| | - Cillian De Gascun
- National Virus Reference LaboratoryUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Glen A. Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal DiseaseSt. Vincent’s University Hospital & School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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Vaccines in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Brief Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050487. [PMID: 34064576 PMCID: PMC8151471 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasing worldwide. Children with IBDs have a dysfunctional immune system and they are frequently treated with immunomodulating drugs and biological therapy, which significantly impair immune system functions and lead to an increased risk of infections. Vaccines are essential to prevent at least part of these infections and this explains why strict compliance to the immunization guidelines specifically prepared for IBD patients is strongly recommended. However, several factors might lead to insufficient immunization. In this paper, present knowledge on the use of vaccines in children with IBDs is discussed. Literature review showed that despite a lack of detailed quantification of the risk of infections in children with IBDs, these children might have infections more frequently than age-matched healthy subjects, and at least in some cases, these infections might be even more severe. Fortunately, most of these infections could be prevented when recommended schedules of immunization are carefully followed. Vaccines given to children with IBDs generally have adequate immunogenicity and safety. Attention must be paid to live attenuated vaccines that can be administered only to children without or with mild immune system function impairment. Vaccination of their caregivers is also recommended. Unfortunately, compliance to these recommendations is generally low and multidisciplinary educational programs to improve vaccination coverage must be planned, in order to protect children with IBD from vaccine-preventable diseases.
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