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Rios DA, Specht A, Roque-Specht VF, Sosa-Gómez DR, Fochezato J, Malaquias JV, Gonçalves GL, Moreira GR. Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea hybridization: constraints, heterosis, and implications for pest management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:955-964. [PMID: 34729903 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasion of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into the New World has made it possible for this pest to hybridize with a native American species, H. zea (Boddie), under natural conditions. We investigated the viability and development of hybrids of these two Helicoverpa species. We reared the parental species and evaluated crosses between H. armigera males and H. zea females and vice versa, two intercrosses between hybrids, and eight backcrosses between hybrids and parental species. We estimated the length of immature stages, fecundity, survival, sex ratio, and heterosis. RESULTS Although hybridization occcurred, with heterosis during the development of immatures, reproductive incompatibilities also were observed between the parental species and between hybrids from subsequent crosses. The interspecific crosses between hybrids and backcrosses confirmed the possibility of introgression events and their perpetuation in field populations. The results indicate that hybridization events are favored at high population levels, while at low population levels the 'species identities' will be maintained. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of interspecific gene flow and its perpetuation through successive crosses and backcrosses suggests several recommenations for management. Populations of both species should be maintained at an equilibrium level to reduce the chance of interspecific crosses, which are presumably more likely to occur during pest outbreaks. The existence of hybridization and resistance to different active pesticide ingredients should be monitored. All practices related to managing the resistance of these pests to chemical and biological insecticides should be systematized to reduce the chance of selecting for resistant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly Am Rios
- Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Planaltina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Júlia Fochezato
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Gislene L Gonçalves
- Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Gilson Rp Moreira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Horikoshi RJ, Dourado PM, Berger GU, de S Fernandes D, Omoto C, Willse A, Martinelli S, Head GP, Corrêa AS. Large-scale assessment of lepidopteran soybean pests and efficacy of Cry1Ac soybean in Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15956. [PMID: 34354186 PMCID: PMC8342623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The soybean technology MON 87701 × MON 89788, expressing Cry1Ac and conferring tolerance to glyphosate, has been widely adopted in Brazil since 2013. However, pest shifts or resistance evolution could reduce the benefits of this technology. To assess Cry1Ac soybean performance and understand the composition of lepidopteran pest species attacking soybeans, we implemented large-scale sampling of larvae on commercial soybean fields during the 2019 and 2020 crop seasons to compare with data collected prior to the introduction of Cry1Ac soybeans. Chrysodeixis includens was the main lepidopteran pest in non-Bt fields. More than 98% of larvae found in Cry1Ac soybean were Spodoptera spp., although the numbers of Spodoptera were similar between Cry1Ac soybean and non-Bt fields. Cry1Ac soybean provided a high level of protection against Anticarsia gemmatalis, C. includens, Chloridea virescens and Helicoverpa spp. Significant reductions in insecticide sprays for lepidopteran control in soybean were observed from 2012 to 2019. Our study showed that C. includens and A. gemmatalis continue to be primary lepidopteran pests of soybean in Brazil and that Cry1Ac soybean continues to effectively manage the target lepidopteran pests. However, there was an increase in the relative abundance of non-target Spodoptera spp. larvae in both non-Bt and Cry1Ac soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato J Horikoshi
- Bayer Crop Science, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Davi de S Fernandes
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Willse
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Samuel Martinelli
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Graham P Head
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Alberto S Corrêa
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Michereff-Filho M, Fonseca MEN, Boiteux LS, Torres JB, Silva KFADS, Specht A. Helicoverpa armigera Harm 1 Haplotype Predominates in the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Complex Infesting Tomato Crops in Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:258-268. [PMID: 33666863 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a natural host for the Helicoverpa-Chloridea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) pest complex. The species Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was responsible for significant yield losses in several crops after its detection in Brazil. The morphology of its larval stage resembles common Heliothinae species, making pest control decisions difficult. The overall lack of studies on the Heliothinae associated with tomatoes in Brazil and the establishment of H. armigera in the country plus their recent outbreaks supported our investigation about the relative importance of the insects from the Helicoverpa-Chloridea complex in this vegetable crop. A nationwide survey was carried out across fresh-market and processing tomato fields. Molecular analyses targeting a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and their sequence analyses indicated the presence of a pest complex, comprising the introduced species H. armigera and the indigenous species, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Chloridea virescens (Fabricius). The Harm 1 haplotype of H. armigera was identified as the predominant Heliothinae pest infesting fresh-market tomatoes. The New World species Chloridea subflexa (Guenée) as well as the exotic Solanaceae-specific species Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée) were not found in our survey. Additional larvae surveys in processing tomato fields during 2013/2014 in Central Brazil also indicated H. armigera as the most abundant Heliothinae species (95%) together with H. zea (4.75%) and C. virescens (0.25%). The occurrence of distinct Helicoverpa species (which are potentially capable of interbreeding) indicates that novel crop management strategies will be necessary in order to minimize damages caused by this pest complex in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Silva Boiteux
- Lab de Melhoramento Genético & Análise Genômica, Embrapa Hortaliças, Gama, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jorge Braz Torres
- Depto de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Karla Fernanda Ayres de Souza Silva
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Hortaliças, Gama, DF, Brazil
- Depto de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Dourado PM, Pantoja-Gomez LM, Horikoshi RJ, Carvalho RA, Omoto C, Corrêa AS, Kim JH, Martinelli S, Head GP. Host plant use of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Brazilian agricultural landscape. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:780-794. [PMID: 32902104 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Old-World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), was recently documented attacking cotton and soybean plants in Brazil; however, restricted basic knowledge on host plant interactions and landscape use in Brazil have limited the effectiveness of control measures. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of different crops commonly cultivated in Brazil as hosts for H. armigera and H. zea, and examined their contribution to the establishment and size of H. armigera and H. zea field populations. We also estimated the proportions of H. armigera and H. zea moths that used cotton, noncotton C3 plants, and C4 plants as hosts in four regions in Brazil through the length of the cropping season. RESULTS Viability of H. armigera larvae was highest on cotton (46.1%), followed by millet (39.5%), sorghum (31.2%), soybean (24.2%), and maize (21.1%). Noncotton C3 hosts served as the major source of H. armigera moths in all regions evaluated, and C4 hosts were a source of H. armigera mainly in regions where winter maize is typically cultivated. H. armigera moths that used cotton plants as natal hosts were observed during the reproductive stage of the crop mainly in the state of Bahia. Only C4 host plants were a consistent source of H. zea moths, primarily when maize was in the reproductive stage. H. armigera individuals were the main species infesting cotton and soybean fields while H. zea individuals were the main species infesting maize ears. CONCLUSIONS Regional differences in the host use and population dynamics of H. armigera among the regions evaluated may be attributed to variation in alternative host utilization (crops, noncrops, and weeds) and the possible occurrence of facultative diapause and or migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura M Pantoja-Gomez
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato J Horikoshi
- Bayer Crop Science, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Omoto
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto S Corrêa
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jae H Kim
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | | | - Graham P Head
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, USA
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Specht A, Sosa-Gómez DR, Rios DAM, Claudino VCM, Paula-Moraes SV, Malaquias JV, Silva FAM, Roque-Specht VF. Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil: the Big Outbreak Monitored by Light Traps. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:53-67. [PMID: 33501635 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The first detection of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil pointed to a gloomy future for South American agriculture in the 2012/2013 harvest, and insecticide sales increased exponentially during 2013 and 2014. However, after this outbreak, the population of this insect returned to manageable levels. This study documents data on H. armigera moth collection using light traps during the outbreak in two locations: (a) western region of the state of Bahia, including population levels of H. armigera and main noctuid pests during the big outbreak (February and March 2013); (b) Federal District, including monthly data for five growing seasons (July 2012-June 2017). During the outbreak, an average of 527.3 moths were collected per trap (cotton crop, March) in the western region of Bahia each night, while the maximum average in the Federal District was 75.4 moths (January). The number of moths decreased in the following growing seasons, and in October 2016, the maximum number was 2.8 moths per trap. Aspects related to the variations of H. armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) populations, including the study of phenology and relationship with climatic factors and Oceanic Niño Index, were analyzed and discussed. All aspects are approached to contribute to the management of lepidopteran pests, especially H. armigera, in the productive systems of the Brazilian Cerrado.
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Perera OP, Fescemyer HW, Fleischer SJ, Abel CA. Temporal Variation in Genetic Composition of Migratory Helicoverpa Zea in Peripheral Populations. INSECTS 2020; 11:E463. [PMID: 32717838 PMCID: PMC7469216 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Migrant populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) captured during 2002, 2005, 2016, and 2018 from Landisville and Rock Springs in Pennsylvania, USA were genotyped using 85 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Samples (n = 702) genotyped were divided into 16 putative populations based on collection time and site. Fixation indices (F-statistics), analysis of molecular variance, and discriminant analysis of principal components were used to examine within and among population genetic variation. The observed and expected heterozygosity in putative populations ranged from 0.317-0.418 and 0.320-0.359, respectively. Broad range of FST (0.0-0.2742) and FIS (0.0-0.2330) values indicated different genotype frequencies between and within the populations, respectively. High genetic diversity within and low genetic differentiation between populations was found in 2002 and 2005. Interestingly, high genetic differentiation between populations from two collection sites observed in 2018 populations was not evident in within-site comparisons of putative populations collected on different dates during the season. The shift of H. zea population genetic makeup in 2018 may be influenced by multiple biotic and abiotic factors including tropical storms. Continued assessment of these peripheral populations of H. zea will be needed to assess the impacts of genetic changes on pest control and resistance management tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard W. Fescemyer
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Shelby J. Fleischer
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Craig A. Abel
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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da Silva FR, Trujillo D, Bernardi O, Verle Rodrigues JC, Bailey WD, Gilligan TM, Carrillo D. Comparative Toxicity of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Selected Insecticides. INSECTS 2020; 11:E431. [PMID: 32664300 PMCID: PMC7412147 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the Old World bollworm (OWB) Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were geographically isolated. Both species are major pests of agricultural commodities that are known to develop insecticide resistance, and they now coexist in areas where H. armigera invaded the Americas. This is the first study to compare the susceptibility of the two species to conventional insecticides. The susceptibility of third instar H. armigera and H. zea larvae to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad was determined using a diet-overlay bioassay in a quarantine laboratory in Puerto Rico. Mortality was assessed at 48 h after exposure for up to eight concentrations per insecticide. Spinetoram exhibited the highest acute toxicity against H. armigera, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.11 µg a.i./cm2, followed by indoxacarb and spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2 for both) and methomyl (0.32 µg a.i./cm2). Spinetoram was also the most toxic to H. zea (LC50 of 0.08 µg a.i./cm2), followed by spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2) and methomyl (0.18 µg a.i./cm2). Indoxacarb was the least toxic to H. zea, with an LC50 of 0.21 µg a.i./cm2. These findings could serve as a comparative reference for monitoring the susceptibility of H. armigera and H. zea to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad in Puerto Rico, and may facilitate the detection of field-selected resistance for these two species and their potential hybrids in areas recently invaded by H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando R. da Silva
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th, St. Homestead, FL 33031, USA;
- Center for Excellence in Quarantine & Invasive Species, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, PR 00926-1118, USA; (D.T.); (J.C.V.R.)
| | - Dario Trujillo
- Center for Excellence in Quarantine & Invasive Species, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, PR 00926-1118, USA; (D.T.); (J.C.V.R.)
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, CCR-Building 42-Room 3233, Campus-Camobi, Santa Maria 9710590, RS, Brazil;
| | - Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues
- Center for Excellence in Quarantine & Invasive Species, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, PR 00926-1118, USA; (D.T.); (J.C.V.R.)
| | - Woodward D. Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Miami, FL 33158, USA;
| | - Todd M. Gilligan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th, St. Homestead, FL 33031, USA;
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Cordeiro EMG, Pantoja-Gomez LM, de Paiva JB, Nascimento ARB, Omoto C, Michel AP, Correa AS. Hybridization and introgression between Helicoverpa armigera and H. zea: an adaptational bridge. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:61. [PMID: 32450817 PMCID: PMC7249340 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasion of organisms into new ecosystems is increasingly common, due to the global trade in commodities. One of the most complex post-invasion scenarios occurs when an invasive species is related to a native pest, and even more so when they can hybridize and produce fertile progeny. The global pest Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil in 2013 and generated a wave of speculations about the possibility of hybridization with the native sister taxon Helicoverpa zea. In the present study, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms from field-collected individuals to estimate hybridization between H. armigera and H. zea in different Brazilian agricultural landscapes. RESULTS The frequency of hybridization varied from 15 to 30% depending on the statistical analyses. These methods showed more congruence in estimating that hybrids contained approximately 10% mixed ancestry (i.e. introgression) from either species. Hybridization also varied considerably depending on the geographic locations where the sample was collected, forming a 'mosaic' hybrid zone where introgression may be facilitated by environmental and landscape variables. Both landscape composition and bioclimatic variables indicated that maize and soybean cropland are the main factors responsible for high levels of introgression in agricultural landscapes. The impact of multiple H. armigera incursions is reflected in the structured and inbred pattern of genetic diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that the landscape composition and bioclimatic variables influence the introgression rate between H. armigera and H. zea in agricultural areas. Continuous monitoring of the hybridization process in the field is necessary, since agricultural expansion, climatic fluctuations, changing composition of crop species and varieties, and dynamic planting seasons are some factors in South America that could cause a sudden alteration in the introgression rate between Helicoverpa species. Introgression between invasive and native pests can dramatically impact the evolution of host ranges and resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick M G Cordeiro
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Laura M Pantoja-Gomez
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Julia B de Paiva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Antônio R B Nascimento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418900, Brazil
- Department of Entomology & The Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Thorne Hall, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Andrew P Michel
- Department of Entomology & The Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Thorne Hall, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Alberto S Correa
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418900, Brazil.
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Silva CS, Cordeiro EMG, Corrêa AS. Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5610741. [PMID: 31671175 PMCID: PMC6822687 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We constructed 13 microsatellite markers for Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), a serious crop pest in the Americas. All SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers were polymorphic, with no evidence of linkage disequilibrium between any loci in any population. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 for L3, L9, and L11 to 26 for L6; the mean number of alleles per locus in three populations of C. includens ranged from 2.33 for L3 to 14.67 for L6. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) deviation was not observed in four loci for at least one population (L3, L5, L9, L10). Markers L6, L7, L8, L10, L11, L12, and L13 showed a frequency of null alleles > 0.2 for at least one population. STRUCTURE and F-statistics revealed low population structure among the populations (FST = 0.013) and a high degree of inbreeding (FIS = 0.658). The SSR markers developed here will be useful in future studies on the ecology, demography, host dynamics, and gene flow of C. includens. This information is essential to understand the recent status of C. includens as a key pest in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Silva
- Laboratory of Arthropod Molecular Ecology, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M G Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Arthropod Molecular Ecology, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S Corrêa
- Laboratory of Arthropod Molecular Ecology, Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Widespread hybridization among native and invasive species of Operophtera moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Europe and North America. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gonçalves RM, Mastrangelo T, Rodrigues JCV, Paulo DF, Omoto C, Corrêa AS, de Azeredo‐Espin AML. Invasion origin, rapid population expansion, and the lack of genetic structure of cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera) in the Americas. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7378-7401. [PMID: 31346410 PMCID: PMC6635935 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was officially declared as present in Brazil and, after two years, the species was detected in the Caribbean and North America. Information on genetic features and accurate distribution of pests is the basis for agricultural protection policies. Furthermore, such knowledge is imperative to develop control strategies, understand the geographical range, and genetic patterns of this species in the Americas. Here, we carried out the widest sampling of H. armigera in the South American continent and Puerto Rico, after we estimated the diversity, demographic parameters, and genetic structure. The Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) nuclear marker was used to investigate the presence of putative hybrids between H. armigera and H. zea, and they were observed at a frequency of 1.5%. An ABC analysis, based in COI gene fragment, suggested Europe as the origin of South America specimens of H. armigeraand following a movement northward through the Caribbean. Three mtDNA genes and three nDNA markers revealed high genetic diversity distributed without the defined population structure of H. armigera in South America. Most of the genetic variation is within populations with a multidirectional expansion of H. armigera among morphoclimatic regions. High genetic diversity, rapid population expansion, and hybridization have implications for pest management since they suggest that adaptive alleles are spread through wide areas in South America that favor rapid local adaptation of H. armigera to new and disturbed environments (e.g., in agricultural areas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Martins Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Thiago Mastrangelo
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)PiracicabaBrazil
| | | | - Daniel Fernando Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and AcarologyLuiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ)PiracicabaBrazil
| | - Alberto Soares Corrêa
- Department of Entomology and AcarologyLuiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ)PiracicabaBrazil
| | - Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo‐Espin
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
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12
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Ferronato P, Woch AL, Soares PL, Bernardi D, Botton M, Andreazza F, Oliveira EE, Corrêa AS. A Phylogeographic Approach to the Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Invasion in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:425-433. [PMID: 30383249 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have reached large parts of the globe, due to human actions across the planet. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) is a globally invasive species, always associated with enormous and costly damage to agricultural crops. Native to Southeast Asia, D. suzukii recently (i.e., 2013) invaded and is dispersing through South America. Here, we used a phylogeographic approach based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene fragment to explore the invasion dynamics of D. suzukii populations in Brazil. We identified five haplotypes and moderate genetic diversity in Brazilian populations, which are undergoing demographic and spatial expansion. The analyses of molecular variance indicated a high genetic structure among the populations, which is partially explained by their morphoclimatic origin and invasion history. Drosophila suzukii expanded from southern to southeastern Brazil, aided by human-mediated transport of fruits from region to region. The sharing of haplotypes among Brazilian and other invaded regions of the world suggests a single invasion event of D. suzukii in Brazil, originating from previously invaded areas (e.g., North America and Europe). The rapid geographic dispersal and wide variety of fruits attacked by of D. suzukii require immediate implementation of control strategies (legal and phytosanitary) to manage this pest in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ferronato
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Woch
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Lima Soares
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Botton
- Embrapa Grape and Wine, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Andreazza
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto Soares Corrêa
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera is a major agricultural and horticultural pest that recently spread from its historical distribution throughout much of the Old World to the Americas, where it is already causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage every year. The species is notoriously quick to generate and disseminate pesticide resistance throughout its range and has a wider host range than the native Helicoverpa zea. Hybridization between the two species increases the opportunity for novel, agriculturally problematic ecotypes to emerge and spread through the Americas. Within the mega-pest lineage of heliothine moths are a number of polyphagous, highly mobile species for which the exchange of adaptive traits through hybridization would affect their properties as pests. The recent invasion of South America by one of the most significant agricultural pests, Helicoverpa armigera, raises concerns for the formation of novel combinations of adaptive genes following hybridization with the closely related Helicoverpa zea. To investigate the propensity for hybridization within the genus Helicoverpa, we carried out whole-genome resequencing of samples from six species, focusing in particular upon H. armigera population structure and its relationship with H. zea. We show that both H. armigera subspecies have greater genetic diversity and effective population sizes than do the other species. We find no signals for gene flow among the six species, other than between H. armigera and H. zea, with nine Brazilian individuals proving to be hybrids of those two species. Eight had largely H. armigera genomes with some introgressed DNA from H. zea scattered throughout. The ninth resembled an F1 hybrid but with stretches of homozygosity for each parental species that reflect previous hybridization. Regions homozygous for H. armigera-derived DNA in this individual included one containing a gustatory receptor and esterase genes previously associated with host range, while another encoded a cytochrome P450 that confers insecticide resistance. Our data point toward the emergence of novel hybrid ecotypes and highlight the importance of monitoring H. armigera genotypes as they spread through the Americas.
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Leite NA, Pereira RM, Durigan MR, Amado D, Fatoretto J, Medeiros FCL, Omoto C. Susceptibility of Brazilian Populations of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Vip3Aa20. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:399-404. [PMID: 29272429 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic maize expressing the insecticidal protein Vip3Aa20 is increasingly being adopted in Brazil. In this study, we determined the baseline susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Vip3Aa20, as part of an Insect Resistance Management (IRM) program. Diet-overlay bioassays were conducted with neonates exposed to Vip3Aa20 for 7 d. The baseline susceptibility data were obtained for seven field populations of H. armigera and six of H. zea collected from major soybean-, cotton-, and maize-producing areas in Brazil. To validate the diagnostic concentration, 11 field populations of H. zea were tested from 2014 to 2015. The LC50 for H. armigera populations ranged from 2.97 to 8.41 µg Vip3Aa20/cm2 (threefold variation), and for H. zea populations from 0.04 to 0.21 µg Vip3Aa20/cm2 (fivefold variation). The EC50 for H. armigera ranged from 0.099 to 0.455 µg Vip3Aa20/cm2 (fivefold variation), and for H. zea from 0.004 to 0.020 µg Vip3Aa20/cm2 (fivefold variation). H. armigera was more tolerant to Vip3Aa20 protein than was H. zea (≈40- to 75-fold, based on LC50). Based on the LC99 value, the concentration of 6.4 µg Vip3Aa20/cm2 was defined as a diagnostic concentration for susceptibility monitoring in H. zea, and >44 µg Vip3Aa20/cm2 for H. armigera. Our baseline susceptibility data for Vip3Aa20 in H. armigera and H. zea populations will be useful in IRM programs in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Leite
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - R M Pereira
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Durigan
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - D Amado
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - J Fatoretto
- Syngenta Crop Protection, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - C Omoto
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Durigan MR, Corrêa AS, Pereira RM, Leite NA, Amado D, de Sousa DR, Omoto C. High frequency of CYP337B3 gene associated with control failures of Helicoverpa armigera with pyrethroid insecticides in Brazil. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:73-80. [PMID: 29183613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Control failures with the use of pyrethroid insecticides have been reported frequently for populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in Brazil, since its detection in 2013. Here, we confirmed and investigated the metabolic mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in H. armigera populations from Brazil. Mortality of H. armigera populations was lower than 50% at the highest dose (10μg a.i./3rd instar larva) of the pyrethroids deltamethrin and fenvalerate in dose-response bioassays. Very low mortality (10 to 40%) was obtained at a diagnostic dose of 10μg a.i./larva for each pyrethroid in H. armigera populations collected from different agricultural regions in Brazil, from 2013 to 2016. In synergist bioassays, when larvae were treated with PBO synergist, the mortality of all populations tested was 100%. The frequency of the cytochrome P450 CYP337B3 gene was above 0.95 in all populations of H. armigera. We found only fourteen heterozygous H. armigera out of 497 individuals tested for this gene subfamily. Our results indicated that H. armigera populations from Brazil have different degrees of susceptibility to deltamethrin and fenvalerate, but all populations can be considered tolerant to pyrethroid insecticides. The chimeric P450 CYP337B3 enzyme is one of the main mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in Brazilian H. armigera populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Regina Durigan
- Entomology and Acarology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alberto Soares Corrêa
- Entomology and Acarology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rogério Machado Pereira
- Entomology and Acarology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Alves Leite
- Entomology and Acarology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas Amado
- Entomology and Acarology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Dayana Rosalina de Sousa
- Entomology and Acarology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Entomology and Acarology Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil.
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