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Guo J, An J, Chang H, Li Y, Dang Z, Wu C, Gao Z. The Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Emamectin Benzoate on the Soybean Pest Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius). TOXICS 2023; 11:971. [PMID: 38133372 PMCID: PMC10747274 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major soybean pest in East Asia that can cause soybean staygreen syndrome. To date, no insecticides have been registered for the control of R. pedestris in China, and these insects are primarily controlled in the field through the application of broad-spectrum insecticides including lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and emamectin benzoate (EMB). Here, the lethal and sublethal effects of LCT and EMB on R. pedestris were comprehensively evaluated. LCT and EMB were both found to exhibit high levels of toxicity and concentration-dependent repellent effects for R. pedestris. The exposure of third instar nymphs from the F0 generation to LC30 concentrations of LCT and EMB resulted in a significant increase in the duration of nymph development and adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), together with reductions in fifth instar nymph and adult body weight, longevity, oviposition days, fecundity, vitellarium length, lateral oviduct diameter, and vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression as compared to control treatment. Strikingly, these suppressive effects were transmitted to the F1 generation, which similarly experienced the prolongation of preadult development and the preoviposition period (TPOP). Relative to control-treated populations, the F1 generation for these insecticide-treated groups also exhibited significant decreases in population parameter values. Overall, these data offer new insight into the impact that LCT and EMB treatment can have on R. pedestris, providing a valuable foundation for the application of these pesticides in the context of integrated pest management strategies aimed at soybean crop preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (J.G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Jingjie An
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (J.G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Hong Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Yaofa Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (J.G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhihong Dang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (J.G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Chi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zhanlin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China; (J.G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
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Yang ZW, Luo JY, Men Y, Liu ZH, Zheng ZK, Wang YH, Xie Q. Different roles of host and habitat in determining the microbial communities of plant-feeding true bugs. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:244. [PMID: 37932839 PMCID: PMC10629178 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The true bugs (Heteroptera) occupy nearly all of the known ecological niches of insects. Among them, as a group containing more than 30,000 species, the phytophagous true bugs are making increasing impacts on agricultural and forestry ecosystems. Previous studies proved that symbiotic bacteria play important roles in these insects in fitting various habitats. However, it is still obscure about the evolutionary and ecological patterns of the microorganisms of phytophagous true bugs as a whole with comprehensive taxon sampling. RESULTS Here, in order to explore the symbiotic patterns between plant-feeding true bugs and their symbiotic microorganisms, 209 species belonging to 32 families of 9 superfamilies had been sampled, which covered all the major phytophagous families of true bugs. The symbiotic microbial communities were surveyed by full-length 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons respectively for bacteria and fungi using the PacBio platform. We revealed that hosts mainly affect the dominant bacteria of symbiotic microbial communities, while habitats generally influence the subordinate ones. Thereafter, we carried out the ancestral state reconstruction of the dominant bacteria and found that dramatic replacements of dominant bacteria occurred in the early Cretaceous and formed newly stable symbiotic relationships accompanying the radiation of insect families. In contrast, the symbiotic fungi were revealed to be horizontally transmitted, which makes fungal communities distinctive in different habitats but not significantly related to hosts. CONCLUSIONS Host and habitat determine microbial communities of plant-feeding true bugs in different roles. The symbiotic bacterial communities are both shaped by host and habitat but in different ways. Nevertheless, the symbiotic fungal communities are mainly influenced by habitat but not host. These findings shed light on a general framework for future microbiome research of phytophagous insects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiu-Yang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Men
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Kai Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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Guo C, Ye Z, Hu B, Shan S, Chen J, Sun Z, Li J, Wei Z. The Characterization of Three Novel Insect-Specific Viruses Discovered in the Bean Bug, Riptortus pedestris. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112500. [PMID: 36423109 PMCID: PMC9696879 DOI: 10.3390/v14112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-specific virus (ISV) is one of the most promising agents for the biological control of insects, which is abundantly distributed in hematophagous insects. However, few ISVs have been reported in Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius), one of the major pests threatening soybeans and causing great losses in yield and quality. In this work, field Riptortus pedestris was collected from six soybean-producing regions in China, and their virome was analyzed with the metatranscriptomic approach. Altogether, seven new insect RNA viruses were identified, three of which had complete RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nearly full-length genome sequences, which were named Riptortus pedestris alphadrosrha-like virus 1 (RpALv1), Riptortus pedestris alphadrosrha-like virus 2 (RpALv2) and Riptortus pedestris almendra-like virus (RiALv). The three identified novel ISVs belonged to the family Rhabdoviridae, and phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that they were clustered into new distinct clades. Interestingly, the analysis of virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) indicated that only RiALv-derived siRNAs exhibited 22 nt length preference, whereas no clear 21 or 22 nt peaks were observed for RpALv1 and RpALv2, suggesting the complexity of siRNA-based antiviral immunity in R. pedestris. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the microenvironment in R. pedestris and provides viral information for the development of potential soybean insect-specific biocontrol agents.
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ding W, Xu K, Li L, Wang Y, Li J, Yang M, Liu X, Huang X. Modelling the current and future potential distribution of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris with increasingly serious damage to soybean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4340-4352. [PMID: 35754391 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, has received intense attention in recent years because of its involvement in increasing outbreaks of staygreen syndrome in soybean (Glycine max (L.)), often causing almost 100% loss of soybean yield in China. However, for this pest of great economic importance, potential current and future distribution patterns and their underlying driving factors remain unclear. RESULTS Maxent modelling under climate, elevation and land-use (including the distribution information of G. max) variables showed that the current potential distribution covered a vast geographic range, primarily including most parts of south, South East and east Asia. Under future environmental scenarios, suitable habitat expanded markedly. Areas that would become highly suitable for R. pedestris were primarily located in north-east China and west India. Five bioclimatic (BIO13, BIO08, BIO18, BIO02 and BIO07) and one land-use (C3 annual crops) predictors contributed approximately 95% to the modelling, and analyses of curve responses showed that to a certain extent, R. pedestris preferred relatively high temperature and precipitation. Our results indicate that a high risk of R. pedestris outbreaks is present in parts of Asia, especially in the soybean-growing regions of China, and this risk will continue in the future. CONCLUSION The predicted distribution pattern and key regulating factors identified herein could provide a vital reference for developing pest management policies and further alleviate the incidence of staygreen syndrome in soybean. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
| | - Weili Ding
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinbu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Yang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, P. R. China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Jin Y, Zhang W, Dong Y, Xia A. Feeding Behavior of Riptortus Pedestris (Fabricius) on Soybean: Electrical Penetration Graph Analysis and Histological Investigations. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060511. [PMID: 35735848 PMCID: PMC9225149 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major soybean pest with the peak population occurrence during the seed maturity stage from pod filling to harvest. Soybean pods and/or seeds are required for R. pedestris development. However, the feeding strategies employed by this stink bug to feed on soybean are still not clear. In the present study, we recorded the feeding behaviors of R. pedestris on soybean using electropenetrography (EPG). The biological meaning of each waveform was confirmed by histological examination of plant tissues containing stylets or salivary sheath. In total, five phases of waveforms were identified: non-probing, pathway (Rp1), xylem sap ingestion (Rp2), salivation and ingestion (Rp3), and interruption (Rp4). Xylem ingestion (Rp2) was observed during R. pedestris feeding on soybean leaflets, stems, and pods, demonstrating that the stink bug was ingesting xylem sap from vascular tissue. Cell rupture (salivation/ingestion, Rp3) was only recorded during R. pedestris feeding on cotyledon and pods. Histological images showed that stylet tips and the salivary sheath were positioned in the tissues of cotyledon and pods. Taken together, our results demonstrate that R. pedestris uses a cell-rupture strategy to acquire nutrients from soybean pods and/or seeds while utilizing salivary sheath tactics to obtain water from xylem sap. These findings provide insightful information to understand the interactions between R. pedestris and the soybean plant. Abstract Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is a major agricultural pest feeding on soybean pods and seeds. The large populations occur during seed maturity stages from pod filling to harvest. Its infestation results in shriveled and dimpled seeds while vegetative structures (leaflet and stem) remain green, known as “Stay Green” syndrome. Additional evidence also demonstrates that soybean pods and seeds are required for Riptortus pedestris development. However, the feeding behavior strategies employed by this stink bug to feed on soybean plants are still not clear. In the present study, the feeding behaviors of R. pedestris on soybean plants were recorded by electropenetrography (EPG), and a waveform library was created for this species. A total of five phases of waveforms—nonprobing, pathway (Rp1), xylem sap ingestion (Rp2), salivation and ingestion (Rp3), and interruption (Rp4)—were identified. Non-probing waveforms Z and NP and pathway (Rp1) were found in all tested plant structures (leaflet, stem, cotyledon, and pods). Waveform Rp2 (xylem sap ingestion, xylem ingestion) was primarily recorded during R. pedestris feeding on leaflets and stems, while Rp3 (salivation/ingestion) was only observed during feeding on cotyledon and pods. Histological examinations confirmed that correlation between Rp2 and stylet tip positioning in the xylem vessel in leaflets and stems. Stylet tips end in the tissues of cotyledon and pods when Rp3 is recorded. Taken together, our results demonstrate that R. pedestris ingests xylem sap from vegetative tissues of soybean (leaflet and stem) via a salivary sheath strategy to obtain water. It mainly acquires nutrients from soybean pods and/or seeds using cell-rupture tactics. This study provided insightful information to understand the field occurrence patterns of “Stay Green” syndrome, which may have important implications for pest control.
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Developmental Differences on the Internal Reproductive Systems between the Prediapause and Prereproductive Riptortus pedestris Adults. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060347. [PMID: 32512728 PMCID: PMC7349029 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae), an important crop pest, is capable of entering reproductive adult diapause under short-day photoperiods. Though the physiological aspects of adult diapause have been well studied in this species, little is known about its morphological development. In the present study, the adult females are discriminated as prediapause and prereproductive based on the absence and presence of mature oocytes in ovarioles, respectively. We also measured the morphological development of vitellarium and lateral oviduct in females, and the accessory gland, ejaculatory duct, and testes in males of both prereproductive and prediapause adults. Our results revealed that there is a clear significant difference in the reproductive development of prediapause and prereproductive insects. Moreover, the internal morphology of reproductive organs was suppressed in prediapausebugs compared to prereproductive bugs, and the insects developedthe reproductive parts as newly emerged adults. The above findings provide basic knowledge on the characterization of diapause and reproductive R. pedestris adults, which would be applicable to molecular investigations.
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Tachibana SI, Matsuzaki S, Tanaka M, Shiota M, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Goto SG. The Autophagy-Related Protein GABARAP Is Induced during Overwintering in the Bean Bug (Hemiptera: Alydidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:427-434. [PMID: 31693096 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In most insects dependent on food resources that deplete seasonally, mechanisms exist to protect against starvation. Insects overcome periods of food depletion using diapause-associated physiological mechanisms, such as increased energy resources in fat bodies and suppression of metabolism. Because autophagy supplies energy resources through the degradation of intracellular components, we hypothesized that it might be an additional strategy to combat starvation during overwintering. In this study, we measured the abundance of the proteins involved in the signaling pathway of autophagy during overwintering in adults of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), which must withstand the periodic depletion of its host plants from late fall to early spring. Although the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) markedly increased after the cessation of food supply, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and target of rapamycin (TOR) were not found to be associated with food depletion. Thus, food depletion appears to induce autophagy independent of AMPK and TOR. The GABARAP levels significantly increased universally when the food supply ceased, irrespective of the diapause status of adults and low-temperature conditions. In overwintering diapause adults under seminatural conditions, the GABARAP levels significantly increased during early spring. Thus, autophagy appears to assist the survival of the bean bugs under natural conditions of food deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Tachibana
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuzaki
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Research support platform, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin G Goto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Jung M, Lee DH. Abundance and diversity of gut-symbiotic bacteria, the genus Burkholderia in overwintering Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) populations and soil in South Korea. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218240. [PMID: 31194818 PMCID: PMC6563995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Riptortus pedestris is a major agricultural pest on leguminous plants in South Korea and Japan. Recent studies have revealed that R. pedestris can form beneficial symbiosis with bacteria belonging to genus Burkholderia acquired from soil newly for every generation. Although their physiological interactions are relatively well-understood, infection rate and abundance of the Burkholderia in overwintering natural populations of R. pedestris remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize Burkholderia infection ratio and clade composition of overwintering R. pedestris populations as well as prevalence and diversity of the genus Burkholderia in soil by conducting a two-year field survey. From the field survey, we found 29 overwintering R. pedestris adults in forested areas nearby soybean fields. Diagnostic PCR analysis revealed that overall infection rate of the symbiotic Burkholderia was 93.1% from overwintering adults. Among the Burkholderia-infected R. pedestris, 70.4% of individuals harbored unclassified Burkholderia clades whereas 22.2% and 7.4% of R. pedestris harbor stinkbug-associated beneficial and environmental (SBE) group and Burkholderia cepacia and complex (BCC), respectively. All R. pedestris were infected with a single clade of Burkholderia. In soil, 56.2% of soil samples were Burkholderia positive, and unlike R. pedestris, multiple Burkholderia clades were detected from 62.2% of those samples. Clade composition of the genus Burkholderia in the samples with the bacteria was 91.1%, 60.0%, 31.1% and 8.8% for plant-associated beneficial and environment (PBE), BCC, SBE and unclassified clade, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Doo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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