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Li T, Cao Y, Zhou P, Xie Y, Tao S, Zou L, Yang Y, Tao F, Wu X. Prospective study of the association between chronotypes and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students: Moderating effects of PER1 gene DNA methylation. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:621-631. [PMID: 38568246 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2337891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Most studies have shown a link between chronotypes and mental health and have identified evening chronotypes (E-types) as a potential risk for depressive symptoms. However, the mechanisms behind this association remain unknown. Abnormal expression of the PER1 gene was not only associated with circadian rhythm disturbance, but also closely related to mental illness. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association of chronotype with depressive symptoms, and further explore the moderating effects of the PER1 gene DNA methylation on chronotypes and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students. In a stratified cluster sampling design, chronotype and depressive symptoms were assessed in 1 042 university students from 2 universities in a two-year prospective survey from April 2019 to October 2020. The survey was conducted once every 6 months, corresponding to the time points in April 2019 (T0), October 2019 (T1), April 2020 (T2), and October 2020 (T3). At T0, the Morning and Evening Questionnaire 5 (MEQ-5) was adopted to assess chronotype. At T0-T3, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was adopted to investigate depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, at T0, participants were subjected to a health check-up trip in the hospital, and blood samples were taken from the students to measure the PER1 gene DNA methylation levels. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association of chronotypes with depressive symptoms. The depression/total depression group was coded as 1, while the remaining participants was defined as one group, and was coded as 0. The PROCESS plug-in of SPSS software was used to analyze the moderating effects of PER1 gene DNA methylation on the association of chronotype with depressive symptoms. After adjusting for covariates, the results indicated that T0 E-types were positively correlated with T0-T3 depression/total depression in female university students. Furthermore, the PER1 gene DNA methylation has negative moderating effects between T0 chronotype and T3 depressive symptoms and has a sex difference. This study can provide more favorable scientific value for the prevention and control of depression in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxuan Cao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Panfeng Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liwei Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Massini G, Regalbuto C, Hruby C, Panelli S, Bandi C, Zuccotti G. Precocious puberty and microbiota: The role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000919. [PMID: 36339428 PMCID: PMC9634744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical phase of life associated with physiological changes related to sexual maturation, and represents a complex process regulated by multiple endocrine and genetic controls. Puberty is driven by hormones, and it can impact the gut microbiome (GM). GM differences between sex emerge at puberty onset, confirming a relationship between microbiota and sex hormones. In this narrative review, we present an overview of precocious pubertal development and the changes in the GM in precocious puberty (PP) in order to consider the role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis from the perspective of pediatric endocrinology. Bidirectional interactions between the GM and sex hormones have been proposed in different studies. Although the evidence on the interaction between microbiota and sex hormones remains limited in pediatric patients, the evidence that GM alterations may occur in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) represents an interesting finding for the prediction and prevention of PP. Deepening the understanding of the connection between the sex hormones and the role of microbiota changes can lead to the implementation of microbiota-targeted therapies in pubertal disorders by offering a pediatric endocrinology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Valeria Calcaterra,
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Massini
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric unit , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere (IRCCS) Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Hruby
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Calcaterra V, Cena H, Regalbuto C, Vinci F, Porri D, Verduci E, Mameli C, Zuccotti GV. The Role of Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Nutrition in the Timing of Sexual Maturation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020419. [PMID: 33525559 PMCID: PMC7911282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a crucial developmental stage in the life span, necessary to achieve reproductive and somatic maturity. Timing of puberty is modulated by and responds to central neurotransmitters, hormones, and environmental factors leading to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis maturation. The connection between hormones and nutrition during critical periods of growth, like fetal life or infancy, is fundamental for metabolic adaptation response and pubertal development control and prediction. Since birth weight is an important indicator of growth estimation during fetal life, restricted prenatal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA), may impact endocrine system, affecting pubertal development. Successively, lactation along with early life optimal nutrition during infancy and childhood may be important in order to set up timing of sexual maturation and provide successful reproduction at a later time. Sexual maturation and healthy growth are also influenced by nutrition requirements and diet composition. Early nutritional surveillance and monitoring of pubertal development is recommended in all children, particularly in those at risk, such as the ones born SGA and/or IUGR, as well as in the case of sudden weight gain during infancy. Adequate macro and micronutrient intake is essential for healthy growth and sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (D.P.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric Unit, Fond, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric Unit, Fond, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Jansen EC, Dolinoy D, Peterson KE, O'Brien LM, Chervin RD, Cantoral A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Solano-Gonzalez M, Goodrich J. Adolescent sleep timing and dietary patterns in relation to DNA methylation of core circadian genes: a pilot study of Mexican youth. Epigenetics 2020; 16:894-907. [PMID: 33016191 PMCID: PMC8331002 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1827719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mistimed sleep/wake and eating patterns put shift workers at increased risk for cardiometabolic disease, and epigenetic modification of circadian genes has been proposed as a mechanism. Although not as extreme as shift workers, adolescents often have delayed sleep timing and irregular eating patterns. The aim was to assess whether sleep midpoints - median of bed and wake time - and dietary patterns in adolescents were associated with DNA methylation of circadian genes. The study population included 142 Mexican youth (average age of 14.0 (SD = 2.0) years, 49% male). Average sleep midpoint over weekdays was estimated with actigraphy. Diet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and three dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis, a Plant-based & lean proteins pattern, a Meat & starchy pattern, and an Eggs, milk & refined grain pattern. DNA methylation was quantified in blood leukocytes with the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip, and data from 548 CpG sites within 12 circadian genes were examined. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for sex, age, and % monocytes, showed that later sleep timing was associated with higher DNA methylation of several circadian genes, notably with RORB, PER1, CRY2, and NR1D1. Each of the dietary patterns examined was also related to circadian gene DNA methylation, but the Eggs, milk & refined grain pattern ('breakfast' pattern) had the clearest evidence of relationships with circadian genes, with inverse associations (lower DNA methylation) across all 12 genes. Findings suggest that timing-related sleep and eating behaviours among adolescents could result in epigenetic modification of clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronald D Chervin
- Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Martha María Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jaclyn Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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