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Sakellaropoulou A, Giannopoulos G, Tachmatzidis D, Letsas KP, Antoniadis A, Asvestas D, Filos D, Mililis P, Efremidis M, Chouvarda I, Vassilikos VP. Association of beat-to-beat P-wave analysis index to the extent of left atrial low-voltage areas in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00115-5. [PMID: 38777086 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left atrial (LA) fibrosis has been shown to be associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. Beat-to-beat (B2B) index is a non-invasive classifier, based on B2B P-wave morphological and wavelet analysis, shown to be associated with AF incidence and recurrence. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the B2B index is associated with the extent of LA low-voltage areas (LVAs) on electroanatomical mapping. METHODS Patients with paroxysmal AF scheduled for pulmonary vein isolation, without evident structural remodeling, were included. Pre-ablation electroanatomical voltage maps were used to calculate the surface of LVAs (<0.5 mV). B2B index was compared between patients with small versus large LVAs. RESULTS 35 patients were included (87% male, median age 62). The median surface area of LVAs was 7.7 (4.4-15.8) cm2 corresponding to 5.6 (3.3-12.1) % of LA endocardial surface. B2B index was 0.57 (0.52-0.59) in patients with small LVAs (below the median) compared to 0.65 (0.56-0.77) in those with large LVAs (above the median) (p=0.009). In the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis for predicting large LVAs, the c-statistic was 0.75 (p=0.006) for B2B index and 0.81 for the multivariable model including B2B index (multivariable p=0.04) and P-wave duration. CONCLUSION In patients with paroxysmal AF without overt atrial myopathy, B2B P-wave analysis appears to be a useful non-invasive correlate of low-voltage areas-and thus fibrosis-in the LA. This finding establishes a pathophysiological basis for B2B index and its potential usefulness in the selection process of patients who are likely to benefit most from further invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Sakellaropoulou
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios Giannopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tachmatzidis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P Letsas
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Antoniadis
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Asvestas
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filos
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Mililis
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Efremidis
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chouvarda
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios P Vassilikos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Guo L, Ma Z, Yang W, Zhang F, Shao H, Liu L, Gao C, Tao L. Identifying Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy from Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Development and Validation of a Model Based on Electrocardiogram Features. Glob Heart 2023; 18:40. [PMID: 37547171 PMCID: PMC10402817 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical presentation and prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are heterogeneous between nonobstructive HCM (HNCM) and obstructive HCM (HOCM). Electrocardiography (ECG) has been used as a screening tool for HCM. However, it is still unclear whether the features presented on ECG could be used for the initial classification of HOCM and HNCM. Objective We aimed to develop a pragmatic model based on common 12-lead ECG features for the initial identification of HOCM/HNCM. Methods Between April 1st and September 30th, 2020, 172 consecutive HCM patients from the International Cooperation Center for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of Xijing Hospital were prospectively included in the training cohort. Between January 4th and February 30th, 2021, an additional 62 HCM patients were prospectively included in the temporal internal validation cohort. External validation was performed using retrospectively collected ECG data with definite classification (390 HOCM and 499 HNCM ECG samples) from January 1st, 2010 to March 31st, 2020. Multivariable backward logistic regression (LR) was used to develop the prediction model. The discrimination performance, calibration and clinical utility of the model were evaluated. Results Of all 30 acquired ECG parameters, 10 variables were significantly different between HOCM and HNCM (all P < 0.05). The P wave interval and SV1 were selected to construct the model, which had a clearly useful C-statistic of 0.805 (0.697, 0.914) in the temporal validation cohort and 0.776 (0.746, 0.806) in the external validation cohort for differentiating HOCM from HNCM. The calibration plot, decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curve indicated that the model had good fitness and clinical utility. Conclusion The pragmatic model constructed by the P wave interval and SV1 had a clearly useful ability to discriminate HOCM from HNCM. The model might potentially serve as an initial classification of HCM before referring patients to dedicated centers and specialists. Highlights What are the novel findings of this work? Evident differences exist in the ECG presentations between HOCM and HNCM.To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first piece of evidence to quantify the difference in the ECG presentations between HOCM and HNCM.Based on routine 12-lead ECG data, a probabilistic model was generated that might assist in the initial classification of HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiling Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Chousou PA, Chattopadhyay R, Tsampasian V, Vassiliou VS, Pugh PJ. Electrocardiographic Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:medsci11020030. [PMID: 37092499 PMCID: PMC10123668 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common pathological arrhythmia, and its complications lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, patients with AF can often go undetected, especially if they are asymptomatic or have a low burden of paroxysms. Identification of those at high risk of AF development may help refine screening and management strategies. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for studies looking at electrocardiographic predictors of AF from inception to August 2021. RESULTS A total of 115 studies were reported which examined a combination of atrial and ventricular parameters that could be electrocardiographic predictors of AF. Atrial predictors include conduction parameters, such as the PR interval, p-wave index and dispersion, and partial interatrial or advanced interatrial block, or morphological parameters, such as p-wave axis, amplitude and terminal force. Ventricular predictors include abnormalities in QRS amplitude, morphology or duration, QT interval duration, r-wave progression and ST segment, i.e., t-wave abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS There has been significant interest in electrocardiographic prediction of AF, especially in populations at high risk of atrial AF, such as those with an embolic stroke of undetermined source. This review highlights the breadth of possible predictive parameters, and possible pathological bases for the predictive role of each parameter are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Anna Chousou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rahul Chattopadhyay
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vasiliki Tsampasian
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Vassilios S Vassiliou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Peter John Pugh
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Habib M, Adler A, Hoss S, Hanneman K, Katz O, Habib HH, Fardfini K, Rakowski H, Chan RH. Temporal Changes in Cardiac Morphology and Its Relationship with Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2022; 176:125-131. [PMID: 35644698 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess a large cohort of nonapical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) patients who have undergone 2 serial cardiac magnetic resonance studies to examine morphological dynamics and their correlation to patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. A total of 214 patients with nonapical HC were enrolled in this study, with 2 sequential cardiac magnetic resonance studies separated by a mean interval of 4.8 ± 2.1 years. Progression of indexed left ventricular mass (LVMI) was correlated with lower LVMI at baseline (p <0.00001) and older age >50 years. In terms of maximal wall thickness (MWT), progression was associated with lower baseline MWT and with the presence of LV outflow tract obstruction. No association was demonstrated between the degree of progression of LVMI or MWT and baseline LV volumes, the severity of mitral regurgitation, gender, or the presence of pathogenic HC variants. Progression of left atrial size was significantly associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.014; odds ratio 1.18, confidence interval 1.03 to 1.35) and admission for heart failure (p = 0.018; odds ratio 1.18, confidence interval 1.03 to 1.36). No correlation was demonstrated between changes in LV mass or MWT and clinical outcomes of admission for heart failure, progression to New York Heart Association 2/3, progression to end-stage HC, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the natural history of HC from a morphological perspective. It shows that HC is a dynamic disease in which LV morphology and hypertrophy extent change over time, with the presence of risk factors associated with disease progression.
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5
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Chen LY, Ribeiro ALP, Platonov PG, Cygankiewicz I, Soliman EZ, Gorenek B, Ikeda T, Vassilikos VP, Steinberg JS, Varma N, Bayés-de-Luna A, Baranchuk A. P Wave Parameters and Indices: A Critical Appraisal of Clinical Utility, Challenges, and Future Research-A Consensus Document Endorsed by the International Society of Electrocardiology and the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology. CIRCULATION. ARRHYTHMIA AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 15:e010435. [PMID: 35333097 PMCID: PMC9070127 DOI: 10.1161/circep.121.010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial cardiomyopathy, characterized by abnormalities in atrial structure and function, is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular and neurocognitive outcomes, independent of atrial fibrillation. There exists a critical unmet need for a clinical tool that is cost-effective, easy to use, and that can diagnose atrial cardiomyopathy. P wave parameters (PWPs) reflect underlying atrial structure, size, and electrical activation; alterations in these factors manifest as abnormalities in PWPs that can be readily ascertained from a standard 12-lead ECG and potentially be used to aid clinical decision-making. PWPs include P wave duration, interatrial block, P wave terminal force in V1, P wave axis, P wave voltage, P wave area, and P wave dispersion. PWPs can be combined to yield an index (P wave index), such as the morphology-voltage-P-wave duration ECG risk score. Abnormal PWPs have been shown in population-based cohort studies to be independently associated with higher risks of atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, sudden cardiac death, and dementia. Additionally, PWPs, either individually or in combination (as a P wave index), have been reported to enhance prediction of atrial fibrillation or ischemic stroke. To facilitate translation of PWPs to routine clinical practice, additional work is needed to standardize measurement of PWPs (eg, via semiautomated or automated measurement), confirm their reliability and predictive value, leverage novel approaches (eg, wavelet analysis of P waves and machine learning algorithms), and finally, define the risk-benefit ratio of specific interventions in high-risk individuals. Our ultimate goal is to repurpose the ubiquitous 12-lead ECG to advance the study, diagnosis, and treatment of atrial cardiomyopathy, thus overcoming critical challenges in prevention of cardiovascular disease and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yee Chen
- Lillehei Heart Institute & Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis' MN (L.Y.C.)
| | - Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro
- Centro de Telessaúde, Hospital das Clínicas, & Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (A.L.P.R.)
| | - Pyotr G Platonov
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund' Sweden (P.G.P.)
| | - Iwona Cygankiewicz
- Department of Electrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland (I.C.)
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Institute of Global Health & Human Ecology, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt (E.Z.S.).,Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.)
| | - Bulent Gorenek
- Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey (B.G.)
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo' Japan (T.I.)
| | - Vassilios P Vassilikos
- Third Cardiology Department, Hippokrateio General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (V.P.V.)
| | - Jonathan S Steinberg
- Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Univ of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.S.S.)
| | - Niraj Varma
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland' OH (N.V.)
| | - Antoni Bayés-de-Luna
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation. Cardiovascular ICCC-Program, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (A.B.-d.-L.)
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Science, Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (A.B.)
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Tachmatzidis D, Tsarouchas A, Mouselimis D, Filos D, Antoniadis AP, Lysitsas DN, Mezilis N, Sakellaropoulou A, Giannopoulos G, Bakogiannis C, Triantafyllou K, Fragakis N, Letsas KP, Asvestas D, Efremidis M, Lazaridis C, Chouvarda I, Vassilikos VP. P-Wave Beat-to-Beat Analysis to Predict Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Catheter Ablation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040830. [PMID: 35453877 PMCID: PMC9028701 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of patients prone to atrial fibrillation (AF) relapse after catheter ablation is essential for better patient selection and risk stratification. The current prospective cohort study aims to validate a novel P-wave index based on beat-to-beat (B2B) P-wave morphological and wavelet analysis designed to detect patients with low burden AF as a predictor of AF recurrence within a year after successful catheter ablation. From a total of 138 consecutive patients scheduled for AF ablation, 12-lead ECG and 10 min vectorcardiogram (VCG) recordings were obtained. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with higher B2B P-wave index had a two-fold risk for AF recurrence (HR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.24–4.44, p: 0.010), along with prolonged P-wave, interatrial block, early AF recurrence, female gender, heart failure history, previous stroke, and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Multivariate analysis of assessable predictors before ablation revealed that B2B P-wave index, along with heart failure history and a history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, are independent predicting factors of atrial fibrillation recurrence. Further studies are needed to assess the predictive value of the B2B index with greater accuracy and evaluate a possible relationship with atrial substrate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tachmatzidis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasios Tsarouchas
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Mouselimis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Filos
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Antonios P. Antoniadis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | | | - Nikolaos Mezilis
- St. Luke’s Hospital Thessaloniki, 552 36 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.N.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Antigoni Sakellaropoulou
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.S.); (K.P.L.); (D.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Georgios Giannopoulos
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Constantinos Bakogiannis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Nikolaos Fragakis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Konstantinos P. Letsas
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.S.); (K.P.L.); (D.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Dimitrios Asvestas
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.S.); (K.P.L.); (D.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Michael Efremidis
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.S.); (K.P.L.); (D.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Charalampos Lazaridis
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Ioanna Chouvarda
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Vassilios P. Vassilikos
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Hippokrateion University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (D.M.); (A.P.A.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (K.T.); (N.F.); (C.L.); (V.P.V.)
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Gossios T, Savvatis K, Zegkos T, Ntelios D, Rouskas P, Parcharidou D, Karvounis H, Efthimiadis GK. Deciphering hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with electrocardiography. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1313-1323. [PMID: 34286451 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive assessment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a complex process, with each step concurrently focusing on confirmation of the diagnosis, differentiation between sarcomeric and non-sarcomeric disease (phenocopy), and prognostication. Novel modalities such as genetic testing and advanced imaging have allowed for substantial advancements in the understanding of this condition and facilitate patient management. However, their availability is at present not universal, and interpretation requires a high level of expertise. In this setting, electrocardiography, a fast and widely available method, still retains a significant role in everyday clinical assessment of this population. In our review, we follow a stepwise approach for the interpretation of each electrocardiographic segment, discussing clinical implications of electrocardiographic patterns in sarcomeric disease, their value in the differential diagnosis from phenocopies, and impact on patient management. Outlining the substantial amount of information to be obtained from a simple tracing, we exhibit how electrocardiography is likely to remain an integral diagnostic tool in the future as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gossios
- Cardiology Department, NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's and St Thomas Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK. .,Inherited Cardiac Conditions Unit, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK. .,Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- Inherited Cardiac Conditions Unit, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas Zegkos
- Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ntelios
- Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlos Rouskas
- Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Parcharidou
- Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haralambos Karvounis
- Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K Efthimiadis
- Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tissue Characterization in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-020-00813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Philipson DJ, Rader F, Siegel RJ. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 28:658-665. [PMID: 30727760 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319828474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), occurring in approximately 25% of patients, which is four to six times more common than in similarly aged patients of the general population. Atrial fibrillation is poorly tolerated by HCM patients, largely due to their dependence on atrial systole for left ventricular filling. HCM patients who develop atrial fibrillation have an increased rate of heart failure related mortality and disabling or fatal thromboembolic events, as well as functional deterioration due to progressive heart failure when left untreated. Atrial fibrillation is both common in HCM and may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate risk stratification for atrial fibrillation in this population is crucial as contemporary treatments are highly successful. In this paper, we review the current understanding of known risk factors for atrial fibrillation, including different imaging-based parameters that assess left atrial structural and functional remodeling, electrocardiographic changes that reflect left atrial electrical remodeling, and a focus on comorbid obstructive sleep apnea, and in addition we review variables that have been reported to be predictive of atrial fibrillation. Last, we summarize the accumulating evidence for HCM patients having an intrinsic atrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Rader
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Siegel
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Prognostic value of left atrial function by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:1055-1065. [PMID: 30706353 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Left atrium (LA) size has an important role in determining prognosis and risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial feature tracking (CMR-FT) is a novel technique for the quantification of LA function. Our aim was first to evaluate LA function by CMR-FT and volumetric analysis in patients with HCM; and secondly we sought to determine the association of LA-longitudinal strain (LA-LS) with major cardiovascular outcomes, particularly all cause mortality and heart failure. 75 patients with HCM and 75 control subjects underwent a conventional CMR study including assessment of LA function by CMR-FT (LA-LS) and volumetric analysis. A primary endpoint of all-cause mortality and secondary combined endpoint of hospital admission related to heart failure, lethal ventricular arrhythmias or cardiovascular death were defined. Compared to controls, LA-LS and all volumetric indices of LA function were significantly impaired in HCM even in patients with normal LA volume and normal LV filling pressures. LA-LS showed moderate-high correlation with LA-emptying fraction (total, active and passive LA-EF, r = 0.68, r = 0.67, r = 0.31, p < 0.001 for all) and with parameters of diastolic function (E/é, r = 0.4, p < 0.001). The age, minimum LA volume and % of LGE were independent predictors of LA-LS (p < 0.01 for all). During a mean follow-up of 3.3 ± 1.2 years LA-LS was associated with the primary (HR: 0.85 (0.73-0.98), p = 0.02) and the secondary end-point (HR: 0.88 (0.82-0.96), p = 0.003). LA-LS by CMR-FT provides accurate measurements of LA function in HCM patients. LA-LS may become a novel potential predictor of poor cardiac outcomes, particularly cardiovascular mortality and HF.
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Tanaka S, Noda T, Kawasaki M, Segawa T, Tsugita N, Fuseya T, Kubota T, Iwama M, Nishigaki K, Watanabe S, Minagawa T, Ohashi H, Minatoguchi S. Relationship between electrical conduction and phasic left atrial function: P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiography and time-left atrial volume curve assessments using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1212-1220. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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The Prognostic Implications of Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Rev 2018; 26:130-136. [DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Left atrial deformation as a potent predictor for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 34:1393-1401. [PMID: 29680911 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that various factors contribute to left atrial (LA) mechanical dysfunction in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the connection between atrial dysfunction and arrhythmic events such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), in this group of patients, remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate prospectively the association between LA deformation indices and PAF in ESRD patients. 79 patients (41 men, mean age 57 ± 17) with ESRD and preserved left ventricular systolic function comprised the study population. All patients underwent a baseline comprehensive echocardiography study and were followed for a mean period of 16 ± 5 months. PAF episodes, first and the following events, were reported. LA longitudinal strain reflecting LA reservoir function and LA longitudinal strain rate reflecting LA pump function were specifically evaluated as LA deformation indices of interest, using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography. At the end of follow up period nine patients died. 15 of the rest 70 reported one or more episodes of PAF. LA indexed volumes were significantly higher in patients with PAF (32 ± 26 vs. 21.5 ± 9 ml/m2, p = 0.002), mean LA strain was significantly reduced (17 ± 7 vs. 27 ± 9%, p < 0.001) as well as mean LA stain rate (- 1.19 ± 0.5 vs. - 1.95 ± 0.5 1/s, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that LA strain rate when adjusted with age together with PAF history remained the single most significant echocardiographic parameter for PAF prediction. Impaired LA strain and LA strain rate are associated with PAF in ESRD patients. LA strain rate might be a better independent predictor of PAF, compared to standard echocardiographic indices. Further prospective studies are needed to validate its relevance in routine clinical practice.
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Aizawa Y, Watanabe H, Okumura K. Electrocardiogram (ECG) for the Prediction of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: An Overview. J Atr Fibrillation 2017; 10:1724. [PMID: 29487684 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) have been employed to medically evaluate participants in population-based studies, and ECG-derived predictors have been reported for incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we reviewed the status of ECG in predicting new-onset AF. We surveyed population-based studies and revealed ECG variables to be risk factors for incident AF. When available, the predictive values of each ECG risk marker were calculated. Both the atrium-related and ventricle-related ECG variables were risk factors for incident AF, with significant hazard risks (HRs) even after multivariate adjustments. The risk factors included P-wave indices (maximum P-wave duration, its dispersion or variation and P-wave morphology) and premature atrial contractions (PACs) or runs. In addition, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), ST-T abnormalities, intraventricular conduction delay, QTc interval and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or runs were a risk of incident AF. An HR of greater than 2.0 was observed in the upper 5th percentile of the P-wave durations, P-wave durations greater than 130 ms, P-wave morpholyg, PACs (PVCs) or runs, LVH, QTc and left anterior fascicular blocks. The sensitivity , specificity and the positive and negative predictive values were 3.6-53.8%, 61.7-97.9%, 2.9-61.7% and 77.4-97.7%, respectively. ECG variables are risk factors for incident AF. The correlation between the ECG-derived AF predictors, especially P-wave indices, and underlying diseases and the effects of the reversal of the ECG-derived predictors on incident AF by treatment of comorbidities require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifusa Aizawa
- Research and Development, Tachikawa Medical Center and Niigata University,Nagaoka and Niigata,Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science,Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Okumura
- Arrhythmia Center,Saiseikai Hospital Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
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Debonnaire P, Joyce E, Hiemstra Y, Mertens BJ, Atsma DE, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ, Delgado V, Marsan NA. Left Atrial Size and Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients and Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 10:CIRCEP.116.004052. [PMID: 28183843 DOI: 10.1161/circep.116.004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of left atrial (LA) diameter, volume, and strain to risk stratify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) was explored. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 242 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients without AF history were evaluated by (speckle-tracking) echocardiography. During mean follow-up of 4.8±3.7 years, 41 patients (17%) developed new-onset AF. Multivariable analysis showed LA volume (≥37 mL/m2; hazard ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-5.54; P=0.008) and LA strain (≤23.4%; hazard ratio, 3.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-6.88; P=0.003), but not LA diameter (≥45 mm; hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-3.32; P=0.145), as independent AF correlates. Importantly, 59% (n=24) of AF events occurred despite a baseline LA diameter <45 mm, observed in 185 patients. In this patient subset, LA strain (area under the curve 0.73) and LA volume (area under the curve 0.83) showed good predictive value for new-onset AF. Furthermore, patients with LA volume <37 versus ≥37 mL/m2 and LA strain >23.4% versus ≤23.4% had superior 5-year AF-free survival of 93% versus 80% (P=0.003) and 98% versus 74% (P=0.002), respectively. Importantly, LA volume <37 mL/m2 and strain >23.4% yielded high negative predictive value (93% and 98%, respectively) for new-onset AF. Likelihood ratio test indicated incremental value of LA volume assessment (P=0.011) on top of LA diameter to predict new-onset AF in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with LA diameter <45 mm, which tended to increase further by addition of LA strain (P=0.126). CONCLUSIONS LA diameter, volume, and strain all relate to new-onset AF in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. In patients with normal LA size, however, both LA volume and strain further refine risk stratification for new-onset AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Debonnaire
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Emer Joyce
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Yasmine Hiemstra
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Bart J Mertens
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Douwe E Atsma
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Martin J Schalij
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Victoria Delgado
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.)
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.D., E.J., Y.H., D.E.A., M.J.S., J.J.B., V.D., N.A.M.) and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (B.J.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Belgium (P.D.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (E.J.).
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Dakos G, Konstantinou D, Chatzizisis YS, Chouvarda I, Filos D, Paraskevaidis S, Mantziari L, Maglaveras N, Karvounis H, Vassilikos V. P wave analysis with wavelets identifies hypertensive patients at risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation: A case–control study and 1year follow-up. J Electrocardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Kumar KR, Mandleywala SN, Link MS. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2015; 7:173-86. [PMID: 26002384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in genes coding for cardiac sarcomeres. HCM is the most common inherited heart disease, with a prevalence of 0.2%. There are multiple genetic variants that cause pleomorphic clinical attributes and disease characterized by myocardial disarray and myocardial hypertrophy. Patients are at an increased risk of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Management of these arrhythmias is complex. Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased mortality and thromboembolism. Ventricular arrhythmias are life threatening and best treated with an implantable defibrillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik R Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Swati N Mandleywala
- Department of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mark S Link
- Department of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Plein S, Edvardsen T, Pierard LA, Saraste A, Knuuti J, Maurer G, Lancellotti P. The year 2013 in the European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging: Part II. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:837-41. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Maron BJ, Haas TS, Maron MS, Lesser JR, Browning JA, Chan RH, Olivotto I, Garberich RF, Schwartz RS. Left atrial remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and susceptibility markers for atrial fibrillation identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113:1394-400. [PMID: 24589281 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important determinant of clinical deterioration due to heart failure or embolic stroke. This study characterizes left atrial (LA) structural and functional parameters to establish markers predictive of AF risk, using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. We studied 427 consecutive patients with HC in sinus rhythm with CMR (age 44±18 years), including 41 who developed clinically overt AF after study entry (2.6±2.1 years), 49 patients with AF before CMR, 337 patients with HC but without AF, and 244 normal controls. LA chamber was assessed for absolute and indexed end-diastolic volume (LAEDV), end-systolic volume, and percent ejection fraction (LAEF). In the 41 prospectively studied patients with HC who developed AF during follow-up, LAEDV was significantly greater than in patients without AF (146±48 vs 107±37 ml) or in normal controls (81±24 ml, p<0.001). Percent LAEF was lower in patients developing AF (36±10%) than without AF (46±12%) or controls (55±9%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified LAEF (<38%), LAEDV (≥118 ml), and age (≥40 years) as independently associated with AF occurrence. In conclusion, CMR measures of LA remodeling and dysfunction reliably identified patients with HC at risk for future development of AF. Decrease in LAEF represents a strong novel marker of susceptibility to AF in this disease.
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Domsik P, Kalapos A, Chadaide S, Sepp R, Hausinger P, Forster T, Nemes A. Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography allows detailed evaluation of left atrial function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--insights from the MAGYAR-Path Study. Echocardiography 2014; 31:1245-52. [PMID: 24649997 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents a generalized myopathic process affecting both ventricular and atrial myocardium. Reduced left atrial (LA) function was demonstrated in HCM by different methods. Three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has just been introduced for the evaluation of LA. This study was designed to compare 3DSTE-derived LA volumetric and strain parameters in HCM with healthy controls. METHODS The study comprised 23 consecutive HCM patients (mean age: 48.5 ± 15.1 years, 14 men). Their results were compared to 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE have been performed in all cases. RESULTS Calculated LA maximum (66.4 ± 20.4 mL vs. 36.0 ± 6.1 mL, P < 0.0001) and minimum (39.2 ± 19.1 vs. 16.0 ± 4.6 mL, P < 0.0001) volumes and LA volume before atrial contraction (53.6 ± 19.9 vs. 24.0 ± 6.2 mL, P < 0.0001) were significantly increased in HCM patients. Atrial stroke volumes respecting cardiac cycles proved to be increased, while emptying fractions were decreased in subjects with HCM. Mean global radial (-12.2 ± 6.7% vs. -19.6 ± 11.7, P < 0.05), longitudinal (26.5 ± 16.5% vs. 29.8 ± 12.1%, P < 0.05) and 3D strain (-6.1 ± 4.4% vs. -12.5 ± 10.2%, P < 0.05) proved to be significantly reduced in HCM patients as compared with matched controls. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography allows detailed evaluation of LA (dys) function in HCM by volumetric and strain measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Domsik
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Medical Faculty, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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