1
|
Verghese D, Hamal S, Ghanem A, Kinninger A, Javier D, Ichikawa K, Benzing T, Krishnan S, Kianoush S, Hamidi H, Bagheri M, Abraham D, Deljavanghodrati M, Ghoto A, Aldana-Bitar J, Budoff M. Effect of colchicine on progression of known coronary atherosclerosis in patients with STable CoROnary artery disease CoMpared to placebo (EKSTROM) trial-rationale and design. Am Heart J 2024; 277:20-26. [PMID: 39029568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality in the United States. Despite lifestyle modification and traditional risk factor control residual inflammatory risk remains an untreated concern. Colchicine is an oral, medication that has been used for gout, mediterranean fever and pericarditis for decades. In recent trials, colchicine has been shown to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, however the mechanism of benefit remains unclear. The objective of the randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled EKSTROM trial is to evaluate the effects of colchicine 0.5mg/day on atherosclerotic plaque. METHODS Eighty-four participants will be enrolled after obtaining informed consent and followed for 12 months. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to colchicine 0.5mg/day or placebo in a 1:1 fashion as add-on to their standard of care. All participants will undergo coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at baseline and at 12 months. RESULTS As of November 2023, the study is 100% enrolled with an expected end of study by the second quarter of 2024. The primary endpoint is change in low attenuation plaque volume as measured by CCTA. Secondary endpoints include change in volume of different plaque types (including total atheroma volume, noncalcified plaque volume, dense calcified plaque volume, remodeling index), change in inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, hs-CRP), change in pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation, change in epicardial adipose tissue volume and attenuation and change in brachial flow mediated dilation. CONCLUSION EKSTROM is the first randomized study to assess the effects of colchicine on plaque progression, pericoronary and epicardial fat. EKSTROM will provide important information on the mechanistic effects of colchicine on the cardiovascular system. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: clinicaltrials.gov, Registration Number: NCT06342609 url: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT06342609?term=EKSTROM&rank=1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiran Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, NCH Rooney Heart Institute, Naples, Florida.
| | - Sajad Hamal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Ahmed Ghanem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - April Kinninger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Denise Javier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Keshi Ichikawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Travis Benzing
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Srikanth Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Sina Kianoush
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Hossein Hamidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Marziyeh Bagheri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Divya Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Mina Deljavanghodrati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Ayesha Ghoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Jairo Aldana-Bitar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jie P, Fan M, Zhang H, Wang O, Lv J, Liu Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhao J. Diagnostic value of artificial intelligence-assisted CTA for the assessment of atherosclerosis plaque: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1398963. [PMID: 39290212 PMCID: PMC11405224 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1398963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been applied to computed tomography angiography (CTA) images to aid in the assessment of atherosclerotic plaque. Our aim was to explore the diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted CTA for plaque diagnosis and classification through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic literature review was performed by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library according to PRISMA guidelines. Original studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of radiomics, machine-learning, or deep-learning techniques applied to CTA images for detecting stenosis, calcification, or plaque vulnerability were included. The quality and risk of bias of the included studies were evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA software (version 17.0) to pool sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to determine the overall diagnostic performance. Results A total of 11 studies comprising 1,484 patients were included. There was low risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity. The overall pooled AUROC for atherosclerotic plaque assessment was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94-0.97] across 21 trials. Of these, for ≥50% stenosis detection, the AUROC was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.96) in five studies. For identifying ≥70% stenosis, the AUROC was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.97) in six studies. For calcium detection, the AUROC was 0.92 (95% CI 0.90-0.94) in six studies. Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrates that AI-assisted CTA has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting stenosis and characterizing plaque composition, with optimal performance in detecting ≥70% stenosis. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42023431410).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jie
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyi Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Oucheng Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trimarchi G, Pizzino F, Paradossi U, Gueli IA, Palazzini M, Gentile P, Di Spigno F, Ammirati E, Garascia A, Tedeschi A, Aschieri D. Charting the Unseen: How Non-Invasive Imaging Could Redefine Cardiovascular Prevention. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:245. [PMID: 39195153 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11080245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health challenge, leading to significant morbidity and mortality while straining healthcare systems. Despite progress in medical treatments for CVDs, their increasing prevalence calls for a shift towards more effective prevention strategies. Traditional preventive approaches have centered around lifestyle changes, risk factors management, and medication. However, the integration of imaging methods offers a novel dimension in early disease detection, risk assessment, and ongoing monitoring of at-risk individuals. Imaging techniques such as supra-aortic trunks ultrasound, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and coronary computed tomography angiography have broadened our understanding of the anatomical and functional aspects of cardiovascular health. These techniques enable personalized prevention strategies by providing detailed insights into the cardiac and vascular states, significantly enhancing our ability to combat the progression of CVDs. This review focuses on amalgamating current findings, technological innovations, and the impact of integrating advanced imaging modalities into cardiovascular risk prevention, aiming to offer a comprehensive perspective on their potential to transform preventive cardiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Trimarchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology Unit, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fausto Pizzino
- Cardiology Unit, Heart Centre, Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio-Regione Toscana, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Umberto Paradossi
- Cardiology Unit, Heart Centre, Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio-Regione Toscana, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Ignazio Alessio Gueli
- Cardiology Unit, Heart Centre, Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio-Regione Toscana, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Matteo Palazzini
- "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Gentile
- "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Spigno
- Cardiology Unit of Emergency Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Enrico Ammirati
- "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Garascia
- "De Gasperis" Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Cardiology Unit of Emergency Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Aschieri
- Cardiology Unit of Emergency Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dimitriadis K, Pyrpyris N, Theofilis P, Mantzouranis E, Beneki E, Kostakis P, Koutsopoulos G, Aznaouridis K, Aggeli K, Tsioufis K. Computed Tomography Angiography Identified High-Risk Coronary Plaques: From Diagnosis to Prognosis and Future Management. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1671. [PMID: 39125547 PMCID: PMC11311283 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14151671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CT angiography has become, in recent years, a main evaluating modality for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent advancements in the field have allowed us to identity not only the presence of obstructive disease but also the characteristics of identified lesions. High-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques are identified in CT angiographies via a number of specific characteristics and may provide prognostic and therapeutic implications, aiming to prevent future ischemic events via optimizing medical treatment or providing coronary interventions. In light of new evidence evaluating the safety and efficacy of intervening in high-risk plaques, even in non-flow-limiting disease, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the diagnostic algorithms and implications of plaque vulnerability in CT angiography, identify any differences with invasive imaging, analyze prognostic factors and potential future therapeutic options in such patients, as well as discuss new frontiers, including intervening in non-flow-limiting stenoses and the role of CT angiography in patient stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.P.); (P.T.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (P.K.); (G.K.); (K.A.); (K.A.); (K.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu J, Zou Y, Meng X, Fan Z, van der Geest R, Cui F, Li J, Zhang T, Zhang F. Increased incidence of napkin-ring sign plaques on cervicocerebral computed tomography angiography associated with the risk of acute ischemic stroke occurrence. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:4438-4447. [PMID: 38001250 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carotid atherosclerosis plays an essential role in the occurrence of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate whether a larger burden of napkin-ring sign (NRS) plaques on cervicocerebral computed tomography angiography (CTA) increased the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS This retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study enrolled patients with NRS plaques identified in the subclavian arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, carotid arterial system, and vertebrobasilar circulation on contrast-enhanced cervicocerebral CTA. Patients were divided into AIS and non-AIS groups based on imaging within 12 h of symptom onset. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factor of AIS occurrence. RESULTS A total of 202 patients (66.72 years ± 8.97, 157 men) were evaluated. Plaques with NRS in each subject of the AIS group (N = 98) were significantly more prevalent than that in the control group (N = 104) (1.96 ± 1.17 vs 1.41 ± 0.62). In the AIS group, there were substantially more NRS plaques on the ipsilateral side than contralateral side (1.55 ± 0.90 vs. 0.41 ± 0.66). NRS located on the ipsilateral side of the AIS showed an area under the receiver curve (AUC) of 0.86 to identify ischemic stroke. NRS plaque amounts were an independent risk factor for AIS occurrence (odds ratio, 1.86) after adjusting for other factors. CONCLUSIONS Increased incidence of napkin-ring sign plaques on cervicocerebral CTA was positively associated with AIS occurrence, which could aid in detecting asymptomatic atherosclerotic patients at high risk of AIS in routine screening or emergency settings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Napkin-ring sign plaque provides an important imaging target for estimating acute ischemic stroke risk and identifying high-risk patients in routine screening or emergency settings, so that timely anti-atherosclerotic therapy can be used for prevention. KEY POINTS • This cross-sectional study investigated the association between high-risk carotid artery plaques and acute ischemic stroke. • Increased incidence of napkin-ring sign plaques on cervicocerebral computed tomography angiography is positively associated with acute ischemic stroke occurrence. • Napkin-ring signs help identify risky patients prone to acute ischemic stroke to facilitate prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob van der Geest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Tengyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klüner LV, Chan K, Antoniades C. Using artificial intelligence to study atherosclerosis from computed tomography imaging: A state-of-the-art review of the current literature. Atherosclerosis 2024:117580. [PMID: 38852022 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
With the enormous progress in the field of cardiovascular imaging in recent years, computed tomography (CT) has become readily available to phenotype atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. New analytical methods using artificial intelligence (AI) enable the analysis of complex phenotypic information of atherosclerotic plaques. In particular, deep learning-based approaches using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) facilitate tasks such as lesion detection, segmentation, and classification. New radiotranscriptomic techniques even capture underlying bio-histochemical processes through higher-order structural analysis of voxels on CT images. In the near future, the international large-scale Oxford Risk Factors And Non-invasive Imaging (ORFAN) study will provide a powerful platform for testing and validating prognostic AI-based models. The goal is the transition of these new approaches from research settings into a clinical workflow. In this review, we present an overview of existing AI-based techniques with focus on imaging biomarkers to determine the degree of coronary inflammation, coronary plaques, and the associated risk. Further, current limitations using AI-based approaches as well as the priorities to address these challenges will be discussed. This will pave the way for an AI-enabled risk assessment tool to detect vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and to guide treatment strategies for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valentina Klüner
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Chan
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Onnis C, van Assen M, Muscogiuri E, Muscogiuri G, Gershon G, Saba L, De Cecco CN. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 2024; 62:473-488. [PMID: 38553181 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is having a significant impact in medical imaging, advancing almost every aspect of the field, from image acquisition and postprocessing to automated image analysis with outreach toward supporting decision making. Noninvasive cardiac imaging is one of the main and most exciting fields for AI development. The aim of this review is to describe the main applications of AI in cardiac imaging, including CT and MR imaging, and provide an overview of recent advancements and available clinical applications that can improve clinical workflow, disease detection, and prognostication in cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Onnis
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiothoracic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari-Polo di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4,500 Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy. https://twitter.com/CarlottaOnnis
| | - Marly van Assen
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiothoracic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. https://twitter.com/marly_van_assen
| | - Emanuele Muscogiuri
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiothoracic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Muscogiuri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS, 1, Bergamo BG 24127, Italy. https://twitter.com/GiuseppeMuscog
| | - Gabrielle Gershon
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiothoracic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. https://twitter.com/gabbygershon
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari-Polo di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4,500 Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy. https://twitter.com/lucasabaITA
| | - Carlo N De Cecco
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiothoracic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Emory University Hospital, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Suite AT503, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Y, Gu Y, Liu Y, Guo Z. Evaluation of the Correlation Between Distribution Location and Vulnerability of Carotid Plaque in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2024; 20:77-87. [PMID: 38464675 PMCID: PMC10922953 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s447418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the relationship among distribution location, characteristics, and vulnerability of carotid plaque using CTA and provide more information on the risk factors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the CTA images of the head and neck of 93 patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was developed in 148 carotid arteries. The plaques were divided into a high-risk plaque group and a low-risk plaque group according to whether the plaques had high-risk characteristics. The maximum cross-sectional area of carotid artery bifurcation plaque on the axial image was selected, and the cross-sectional lumen was equally divided into four 90-degree sectors, ventral side wall, dorsal side wall, inner side wall, and outer side wall. The differences in the characteristics and distribution locations of the plaques in the two groups were analyzed. The characteristic parameters of the cross-sectional plaques at the bifurcation of the carotid artery. The logistic regression analysis was used to further analyze the risk factors associated with plaque vulnerability. Results Among 148 carotid arteries,80 were classified as high-risk and 68 as low-risk groups. There were significant differences between the two groups concerning the thickness, length, maximum cross-sectional area, burden, and cross-sectional distribution of the plaques (P < 0.05). The plaque distribution on the dorsal side wall of the carotid bifurcation was higher in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group (P < 0.05), dorsal side wall plaque-independent risk factors for the development of vulnerability of plaques in transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients (95% CI:1.522~6.991, P<0.05). Conclusion High-risk plaques tend to occur on the dorsal side wall of the carotid bifurcation, whereas low-risk plaques tend to occur on the outer side wall of the carotid bifurcation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu M, Gu J, Shi HS, Zhu ZF, Yang F, Yuan YF, Shuai XX, Wei YM, Cheng M, Yuan J, Xie T, Yang Y, Li DZ, Zhang M, Lu YX, Yang M, Zhou YC, Cheng X. No evidence of coronary plaque stabilization by allopurinol in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2024; 18:195-202. [PMID: 38267335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allopurinol, a xanthine inhibitor that lowers uric acid concentration, has been proven to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, it is unknown whether these beneficial effects translate into favorable plaque modification in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). This study aimed to investigate whether allopurinol could improve coronary plaque stabilization using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS This was a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial began in March 2019. A total of 162 ACS patients aged 18-80 years with a blood level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) > 2 mg/L were included. The subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either allopurinol sustained-release capsules (at a dose of 0.25 g once daily) or placebo for 12 months. The plaque analysis was performed at CCTA. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in low-attenuation plaque volume (LAPV) from baseline to the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Among 162 patients, 54 in allopurinol group and 51 in placebo group completed the study. The median follow-up duration was 14 months in both groups. Compared with placebo, allopurinol therapy did not significantly alter LAPV (-13.4 ± 3.7 % vs. -17.8 ± 3.6 %, p = 0.390), intermediate attenuation plaque volume (-16.1 ± 3.0 % vs. -16.2 ± 2.9 %, p = 0.992), dense calcified plaque volume (12.2 ± 13.7 % vs. 9.7 ± 13.0 %, p = 0.894), total atheroma volume (-15.2 ± 3.2 % vs. -16.4 ± 3.1 %, p = 0.785), remodeling index (2.0 ± 3.9 % vs. 5.4 ± 3.8 %, p = 0.536) or hsCRP levels (-73.6 [-91.6-17.9] % vs. -81.2 [-95.4-47.7] %, p = 0.286). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that allopurinol does not improve atherosclerotic plaque stability or inflammation in ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, China
| | - He-Shui Shi
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yuan-Fan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xin-Xin Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yu-Miao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Da-Zhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yong-Xin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, China
| | - You-Cai Zhou
- Heilongjiang Aolida Ned Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van Rosendael AR, Crabtree T, Bax JJ, Nakanishi R, Mushtaq S, Pontone G, Andreini D, Buechel RR, Gräni C, Feuchtner G, Patel TR, Choi AD, Al-Mallah M, Nabi F, Karlsberg RP, Rochitte CE, Alasnag M, Hamdan A, Cademartiri F, Marques H, Kalra D, German DM, Gupta H, Hadamitzky M, Deaño RC, Khalique O, Knaapen P, Hoffmann U, Earls J, Min JK, Danad I. Rationale and design of the CONFIRM2 (Quantitative COroNary CT Angiography Evaluation For Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational, Multicenter Registry) study. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2024; 18:11-17. [PMID: 37951725 PMCID: PMC10923095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last 15 years, large registries and several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the diagnostic and prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Advances in CT scanner technology and developments of analytic tools now enable accurate quantification of coronary artery disease (CAD), including total coronary plaque volume and low attenuation plaque volume. The primary aim of CONFIRM2, (Quantitative COroNary CT Angiography Evaluation For Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational, Multicenter Registry) is to perform comprehensive quantification of CCTA findings, including coronary, non-coronary cardiac, non-cardiac vascular, non-cardiac findings, and relate them to clinical variables and cardiovascular clinical outcomes. DESIGN CONFIRM2 is a multicenter, international observational cohort study designed to evaluate multidimensional associations between quantitative phenotype of cardiovascular disease and future adverse clinical outcomes in subjects undergoing clinically indicated CCTA. The targeted population is heterogenous and includes patients undergoing CCTA for atherosclerotic evaluation, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease or pre-procedural evaluation. Automated software will be utilized for quantification of coronary plaque, stenosis, vascular morphology and cardiac structures for rapid and reproducible tissue characterization. Up to 30,000 patients will be included from up to 50 international multi-continental clinical CCTA sites and followed for 3-4 years. SUMMARY CONFIRM2 is one of the largest CCTA studies to establish the clinical value of a multiparametric approach to quantify the phenotype of cardiovascular disease by CCTA using automated imaging solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rine Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Division of University Cardiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Toral R Patel
- Cardiology at Stroobants Heart and Vascular Institute and UVA Cardiology, Lynchburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Andrew D Choi
- Cardiology and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mouaz Al-Mallah
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ronald P Karlsberg
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation of Southern California, Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Carlos E Rochitte
- Heart Institute, InCor, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirvat Alasnag
- Cardiac Center, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Hamdan
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- Department of Imaging, Fondazione Monasterio/CNR, Pisa, Italy & SYNLAB IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa and Católica Medical School, Portugal
| | - Dinesh Kalra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - David M German
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Cardiac Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Valley Health System, Ridgewood, NJ, United States of America
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roderick C Deaño
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Omar Khalique
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, St. Francis Hospital & Heart Center, Roslyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Paul Knaapen
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cleerly, Inc, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - James Earls
- Cleerly, Inc, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - James K Min
- Cleerly, Inc, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Danad
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dell’Aversana S, Ascione R, Vitale RA, Cavaliere F, Porcaro P, Basile L, Napolitano G, Boccalatte M, Sibilio G, Esposito G, Franzone A, Di Costanzo G, Muscogiuri G, Sironi S, Cuocolo R, Cavaglià E, Ponsiglione A, Imbriaco M. CT Coronary Angiography: Technical Approach and Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7615. [PMID: 38137684 PMCID: PMC10744060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) currently represents a robust imaging technique for the detection, quantification and characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. However, CCTA remains a challenging task requiring both high spatial and temporal resolution to provide motion-free images of the coronary arteries. Several CCTA features, such as low attenuation, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, napkin-ring and high pericoronary fat attenuation index have been proved as associated to high-risk plaques. This review aims to explore the role of CCTA in the characterization of high-risk atherosclerotic plaque and the recent advancements in CCTA technologies with a focus on radiomics plaque analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dell’Aversana
- Department of Radiology, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (S.D.); (G.D.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Raffaele Ascione
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Raffaella Antonia Vitale
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Fabrizia Cavaliere
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Piercarmine Porcaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Luigi Basile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | | | - Marco Boccalatte
- Coronary Care Unit, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gerolamo Sibilio
- Coronary Care Unit, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Anna Franzone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Costanzo
- Department of Radiology, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (S.D.); (G.D.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Muscogiuri
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (G.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandro Sironi
- Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (G.M.); (S.S.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Cuocolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Enrico Cavaglià
- Department of Radiology, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (S.D.); (G.D.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Ponsiglione
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Massimo Imbriaco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (R.A.V.); (F.C.); (P.P.); (L.B.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tomizawa N, Fujimoto S, Mita T, Takahashi D, Nozaki Y, Fan R, Kudo A, Kawaguchi Y, Takamura K, Hiki M, Kurita M, Kumamaru KK, Watada H, Minamino T, Aoki S. Coronary Artery Vorticity to Predict Functional Plaque Progression in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2023; 5:e230016. [PMID: 37693191 PMCID: PMC10483244 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether vorticity could predict functional plaque progression better than high-risk plaque (HRP) and lesion length (LL) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods This single-center prospective study included 61 participants (mean age, 61 years ± 9 [SD]; 43 male participants) who underwent serial coronary CT angiography at 2 years, with 20%-70% stenosis at initial CT between October 2015 and March 2020. The number of the following HRP characteristics was recorded: low attenuation, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, and napkin-ring sign. Vorticity was calculated using a mesh-free simulation. A decrease in CT fractional flow reserve larger than 0.05 indicated functional progression. Models using HRP and LL and vorticity were compared using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Of the 94 vessels evaluated, 25 vessels (27%) showed functional progression. Vessels with functional progression showed higher vorticity at distal stenosis (984 sec-1; IQR: 730-1253 vs 443 sec-1; IQR: 295-602; P < .001) than vessels without progression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of vorticity (0.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97) was higher than that of HRP and LL (0.69; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.82; P < .01). Diagnostic accuracy of vorticity (85%; 80 of 94 vessels; 95% CI: 76, 92) was higher than that of HRP and LL (72%; 68 of 94 vessels; 95% CI: 62, 81; P = .004). Conclusion In participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, vorticity at distal stenosis was a better predictor of functional plaque progression than HRP and LL.Keywords: Coronary Artery, Vorticity, Functional Plaque Progression, Type 2 Diabetes, Vasculature, CT Angiography, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Fractional Flow Reserve Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Tomizawa
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fujimoto
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mita
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daigo Takahashi
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yui Nozaki
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ruiheng Fan
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayako Kudo
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuko Kawaguchi
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takamura
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiki
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mika Kurita
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kanako K. Kumamaru
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- From the Department of Radiology (N.T., R.F., K.K.K., S.A.),
Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine (S.F., D.T., Y.N., A.K., Y.K.,
K.T., M.H., T. Minamino), and Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and
Metabolism (T. Mita, M.K., H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bienstock S, Lin F, Blankstein R, Leipsic J, Cardoso R, Ahmadi A, Gelijns A, Patel K, Baldassarre LA, Hadley M, LaRocca G, Sanz J, Narula J, Chandrashekhar YS, Shaw LJ, Fuster V. Advances in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiographic Imaging of Atherosclerosis for Risk Stratification and Preventive Care. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:1099-1115. [PMID: 37178070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic evaluation of coronary artery disease is undergoing a dramatic transformation with a new focus on atherosclerotic plaque. This review details the evidence needed for effective risk stratification and targeted preventive care based on recent advances in automated measurement of atherosclerosis from coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). To date, research findings support that automated stenosis measurement is reasonably accurate, but evidence on variability by location, artery size, or image quality is unknown. The evidence for quantification of atherosclerotic plaque is unfolding, with strong concordance reported between coronary CTA and intravascular ultrasound measurement of total plaque volume (r >0.90). Statistical variance is higher for smaller plaque volumes. Limited data are available on how technical or patient-specific factors result in measurement variability by compositional subgroups. Coronary artery dimensions vary by age, sex, heart size, coronary dominance, and race and ethnicity. Accordingly, quantification programs excluding smaller arteries affect accuracy for women, patients with diabetes, and other patient subsets. Evidence is unfolding that quantification of atherosclerotic plaque is useful to enhance risk prediction, yet more evidence is required to define high-risk patients across varied populations and to determine whether such information is incremental to risk factors or currently used coronary computed tomography techniques (eg, coronary artery calcium scoring or visual assessment of plaque burden or stenosis). In summary, there is promise for the utility of coronary CTA quantification of atherosclerosis, especially if it can lead to targeted and more intensive cardiovascular prevention, notably for those patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease and high-risk plaque features. The new quantification techniques available to imagers must not only provide sufficient added value to improve patient care, but also add minimal and reasonable cost to alleviate the financial burden on our patients and the health care system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Bienstock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fay Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rhanderson Cardoso
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir Ahmadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Annetine Gelijns
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krishna Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lauren A Baldassarre
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Hadley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gina LaRocca
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Javier Sanz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Leslee J Shaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Varga-Szemes A, Maurovich-Horvat P, Schoepf UJ, Zsarnoczay E, Pelberg R, Stone GW, Budoff MJ. Computed Tomography Assessment of Coronary Atherosclerosis: From Threshold-Based Evaluation to Histologically Validated Plaque Quantification. J Thorac Imaging 2023; 38:226-234. [PMID: 37115957 PMCID: PMC10287054 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Arterial plaque rupture and thrombosis is the primary cause of major cardiovascular and neurovascular events. The identification of atherosclerosis, especially high-risk plaques, is therefore crucial to identify high-risk patients and to implement preventive therapies. Computed tomography angiography has the ability to visualize and characterize vascular plaques. The standard methods for plaque evaluation rely on the assessment of plaque burden, stenosis severity, the presence of positive remodeling, napkin ring sign, and spotty calcification, as well as Hounsfield Unit (HU)-based thresholding for plaque quantification; the latter with multiple shortcomings. Semiautomated threshold-based segmentation techniques with predefined HU ranges identify and quantify limited plaque characteristics, such as low attenuation, non-calcified, and calcified plaque components. Contrary to HU-based thresholds, histologically validated plaque characterization, and quantification, an emerging Artificial intelligence-based approach has the ability to differentiate specific tissue types based on a biological correlate, such as lipid-rich necrotic core and intraplaque hemorrhage that determine plaque vulnerability. In this article, we review the relevance of plaque characterization and quantification and discuss the benefits and limitations of the currently available plaque assessment and classification techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akos Varga-Szemes
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Pal Maurovich-Horvat
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - U. Joseph Schoepf
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Emese Zsarnoczay
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Pelberg
- Heart and Vascular Institute at The Christ Hospital Health Network, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Gregg W. Stone
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Foldyna B, Mayrhofer T, Lu MT, Karády J, Kolossváry M, Ferencik M, Shah SH, Pagidipati NJ, Douglas PS, Hoffmann U. Prognostic value of CT-derived coronary artery disease characteristics varies by ASCVD risk: insights from the PROMISE trial. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:4657-4667. [PMID: 36719496 PMCID: PMC10765563 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prognostic value of individual CT-derived coronary artery disease (CAD) characteristics across categories of clinical cardiovascular risk. METHODS The central core laboratory assessed coronary artery calcium (CAC), obstructive CAD (stenosis ≥ 50%), and high-risk plaque (HRP) in stable outpatients with suspected CAD enrolled in the PROMISE trial. Multivariable Cox regression models (endpoint: unstable angina, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or all-cause mortality; median follow-up: 2 years) were used to compare hazard ratios (HR) of the CT measures between low-borderline (< 7.5%) and moderate-high (≥ 7.5%) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk based on the pooled cohort equation. RESULTS Among 4356 included patients (aged 61 ± 8 years, 52% women), 67% had ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%. Stratified by ASCVD risk, CAD ≥ 50% had nearly threefold greater HR in individuals with ASCVD < 7.5% (aHR, 6.85; 95% CI, 2.33-20.15; p < 0.001) vs. ASCVD ≥ 7.5% (aHR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.67-4.25, p < 0.001; interaction p = 0.041). CAC predicted events solely in ASCVD ≥ 7.5% patients (aHR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.63, p = 0.045; interaction p = 0.571), while HRP predicted events only in ASCVD < 7.5% (aHR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.09-8.85, p = 0.034; interaction p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Prognostic values of CT-derived CAD characteristics differ by ASCVD risk categories. While CAD ≥ 50% has the highest prognostic value regardless of ASCVD risk, CAC is prognostic in high and HRP in low ASCVD risk. These findings suggest that CAD ≥ 50% and HRP detection rather than CAC scoring may better risk-stratify symptomatic low-risk patients and thus potentially improve downstream care. KEY POINTS • Prognostic value of individual CT-derived CAD characteristics differs by categories of cardiovascular risk. • Presence of obstructive coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50% has the highest prognostic value regardless of cardiovascular risk. • Coronary artery calcium is independently prognostic in high and high-risk plaque features in low cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borek Foldyna
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Thomas Mayrhofer
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- School of Business Studies, Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Michael T Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Júlia Karády
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Kolossváry
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Maros Ferencik
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Neha J Pagidipati
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Innovative Imaging Consulting LLC, 163 Longfellow Rd, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Incremental diagnostic value of radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue for detecting functional myocardial ischemia: a multicenter study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:3007-3019. [PMID: 36729175 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incremental diagnostic value of radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) in addition to the coronary artery stenosis and plaque characters for detecting hemodynamic significant coronary artery disease (CAD) based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). METHODS In a multicenter trial of 262 patients, CCTA and invasive coronary angiography were performed, with fractional flow reserve (FFR) in 306 vessels. A total of 13 conventional quantitative characteristics including plaque characteristics (N = 10) and epicardial adipose tissue characteristics (N = 3) were obtained. A total of 106 radiomics features depicting the phenotype of the PCAT surrounding the lesion were calculated. All data were randomly split into a training dataset (75%) and a testing dataset (25%). Then three models (including the conventional model, the PCAT radiomics model, and the combined model) were established in the training dataset using multivariate logistic regression algorithm based on the conventional quantitative features and the PCAT radiomics features after dimension reduction. RESULTS A total of 124/306 vessels showed functional ischemia (FFR ≤ 0.80). The radiomics model performed better in discriminating ischemia from non-ischemia than the conventional model in both training (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC): 0.770 vs 0.732, p < 0.05) and testing datasets (AUC: 0.740 vs 0.696, p < 0.05). The combined model showed significantly better discrimination than the conventional model in both training (AUC: 0.810 vs 0.732, p < 0.05) and testing datasets (AUC: 0.809 vs 0.696, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The PCAT radiomics model showed good performance in predicting myocardial ischemia. Addition of PCAT radiomics to lesion quantitative characteristics improves the predictive power of functionally relevant CAD. KEY POINTS • Based on the plaque characteristics and EAT characteristics, the conventional model showed poor performance in predicting myocardial ischemia. • The PCAT radiomics model showed good prospect in predicting myocardial ischemia. • When combining the radiomics signature with the conventional quantitative features (including plaque features and EAT features), it showed significantly better performance in predicting myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
|
17
|
Takahashi D, Fujimoto S, Nozaki YO, Kudo A, Kawaguchi YO, Takamura K, Hiki M, Sato H, Tomizawa N, Kumamaru KK, Aoki S, Minamino T. Validation and clinical impact of novel pericoronary adipose tissue measurement on ECG-gated non-contrast chest CT. Atherosclerosis 2023; 370:18-24. [PMID: 36754662 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to develop a method for quantifying pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) on electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated non-contrast CT (NC-PCAT) and validate its efficacy and prognostic value. METHODS We retrospectively studied two independent cohorts. PCAT was quantified conventionally. NC-PCAT was defined as the mean CT value of epicardial fat tissue adjacent to right coronary artery ostium on ECG-gated non-contrast CT. In cohort 1 (n = 300), we evaluated the correlation of two methods and the association between NC-PCAT and CT-verified high-risk plaque (HRP). We dichotomized cohort 2 (n = 333) by the median of NC-PCAT, and assessed the prognostic value of NC-PCAT for primary endpoint (all-cause death and non-fatal myocardial infarction) by Cox regression analysis. The median duration of follow-up was 2.9 years. RESULTS NC-PCAT was correlated with PCAT (r = 0.68, p<0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, high NC-PCAT (OR:1.06; 95%CI:1.03-1.10; p = 0.0001), coronary artery calcium score (CACS) (OR:1.01 per 10 CACS increase, 95%CI:1.00-1.02; p = 0.013), and current smoking (OR:2.58; 95%CI:1.03-6.49; p = 0.044) were independent predictors of HRP. Among patients with CACS>0 (n = 193), NC-PCAT (OR:1.06; 95%CI:1.03-1.10; p = 0.0002), current smoking (OR:3.02; 95%CI:1.17-7.82; p = 0.027), and male sex (OR:2.81; 95%CI:1.06-7.48; p = 0.028) were independent predictors of HRP, whereas CACS was not (p = 0.15). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed high NC-PCAT as an independent predictor of the primary endpoint, even after adjustment for sex and age (HR:4.3; 95%CI:1.2-15.2; p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS There was a positive correlation between NC-PCAT and PCAT, with high NC-PCAT significantly associated with worse clinical outcome (independent of CACS) as well as presence of HRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yui O Nozaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kudo
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko O Kawaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tomizawa
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako K Kumamaru
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pour-Ghaz I, Alkhatib D, Isa S, Al-Taweel O, Ugonabo I, Yedlapati N, Jefferies JL. The Roles of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Characterizing Coronary Plaque: Screening, Treatment, and Prevention. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10020043. [PMID: 36826539 PMCID: PMC9960378 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis is the gradual formation and maturation of coronary atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issa Pour-Ghaz
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence: (I.P.-G.); (D.A.)
| | - Deya Alkhatib
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence: (I.P.-G.); (D.A.)
| | - Sakiru Isa
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Omar Al-Taweel
- Cardiology, Las Vegas School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Ifeoma Ugonabo
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Neeraja Yedlapati
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - John Lynn Jefferies
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Panajotu A, Vecsey-Nagy M, Jermendy ÁL, Boussoussou M, Vattay B, Kolossváry M, Zs. Dombrády Ö, Csobay-Novák C, Merkely B, Szilveszter B. Coronary CTA Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quicker Examination Protocol with Preserved Image Quality Using a Dedicated Cardiac Scanner. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:406. [PMID: 36766511 PMCID: PMC9914678 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an ongoing debate on the means to minimize the time patients spend at health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a strategy relying solely on intravenous (i.v.) beta-blocker administration for heart-rate (HR) control prior to coronary CT angiography (CCTA). We aimed to assess a potential difference in CCTA image quality (IQ) after implementation of a modified strategy compared to our standard protocol of oral premedication during the first wave of COVID-19. We analyzed CCTA examinations conducted one year before (n = 1511) and after (n = 1064) implementation of this new regime. Examinations were performed both on our 256-slice multidetector CT (MDCT) and dedicated cardiac CT (DCCT) scanners. We used a four-point Likert scale (excellent/good/moderate/non-diagnostic) for IQ assessment of the coronaries. We detected a significant increase in mean HR during examinations on both CT scanners (MDCT: 62.4 ± 10.0 vs. 65.3 ± 9.7, p < 0.001; DCCT: 61.7 ± 15.2 vs. 65.0 ± 10.7, p < 0.001). The rate of moderate/non-diagnostic IQ significantly increased on the MDCT (192/1005, 19.1% vs. 144/466, 30.9%, p < 0.001), while this ratio did not change significantly on the DCCT (62/506, 12.3% vs. 84/598, 14.0%, p = 0.38). The improved temporal resolution of DCCT allows the stand-alone use of i.v. premedication with preserved IQ; hence, the duration of visits can be shortened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexisz Panajotu
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milán Vecsey-Nagy
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Borbála Vattay
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Kolossváry
- Gottsegen National Cardiovascular Center, 29. Haller Street, 1096 Budapest, Hungary
- Physiological Controls Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Bécsi út 96/b, 1034 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Örs Zs. Dombrády
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csobay-Novák
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szilveszter
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang H, Ye F, Huang Y, Ye G, Zhu J, Chi X, Zhang G. Coronary CT angiography and serum biomarkers are potential biomarkers for predicting MACE at three-months and one-year follow-up. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 38:2763-2770. [PMID: 36445669 PMCID: PMC9708748 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and serum biomarkers for the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at three-month and one-year follow-ups. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 720 patients with acute chest pain and normal electrocardiography (ECG) were included in the prospective cohort study. These patients received both coronary CTA screening and serum biomarkers testing, followed by three-month and one-year follow-ups for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The primary outcome was the occurrence of MACE, which is defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), nonfatal MI, and all-cause mortality. The MACE rate was 17.8% (128 cases) and 25.2% (182 cases) at three-months and one-year follow-up. ApoB/apoA1(OR = 7.45, P < 0.001) and the number of atherosclerotic vessels (OR = 2.86, P < 0.001) were independent predictors for MACE at the three-month follow-up, so were apoB/apoA1 (OR = 5.23, P = 0.003), Serum amyloid protein A (SAA, OR = 1.04, P < 0.001) and the number of atherosclerotic vessels (OR = 2.54, P < 0.001) at the one-year follow-up. While apoB/apoA1 suggested its sensitivities of 84% for predicting MACE at three-month follow-ups, the number of atherosclerotic vessels had 81% specificity at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with acute chest pain and normal ECG, apoB/apoA1, SAA and the number of atherosclerotic vessels are the most powerful predictors of MACE at three-month and one-year follow-ups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Yuanmao Huang
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Guiyun Ye
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China.
| | - Jiarui Zhu
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Xidi Chi
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Feuchtner G, Beyer C, Barbieri F, Spitaler P, Dichtl W, Friedrich G, Widmann G, Plank F. The Atherosclerosis Profile by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) in Symptomatic Patients with Coronary Artery Calcium Score Zero. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092042. [PMID: 36140444 PMCID: PMC9498007 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Whether it is safe to exclude coronary artery disease (CAD) in symptomatic patients with coronary artery calcium score (CACS 0), is an open debate. To compare coronary CTA including high-risk plaque (HRP) features in symptomatic patients with CACS 0 (2) Methods: 1709 symptomatic patients (age, mean 57.5 ± 16 years, 39.6% females) referred to coronary CTA for clinical indications were included. CACS, coronary stenosis (CADRADS) severity and HRP features (low-attenuation-plaque, spotty calcification, positive remodeling, NRS) were recorded. (3) Results: Of 1709 patients, 665 with CACS 0 were finally included. 562 (84.5%) had no CAD by CTA while 103 of 665 (15.4%) had CAD. Stenosis was minimal <25% in 79, mild <50% in 20, moderate in 1 and severe >70% in 3 patients. The rate of obstructive CAD was low with 4/665 (0.61%). The majority of patients had non-obstructive CAD (<50% stenosis) (99/103; 96.1%). A high proportion of patients with non-obstructive CAD had at least one HRP (52/103; 50.4%) per patient. (4) Conclusions: The rate of obstructive CAD is very low in symptomatic patients with CACS 0, and non-obstructive CAD domineering. CACS 0 does not rule out non-obstructive CAD and misses patients in which primary preventive measures are indicated. More than half of patients with non-obstructive CAD had high-risk plaque, highlighting the importance of quantitative plaque analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-81898
| | - Christoph Beyer
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Barbieri
- Department of Cardiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitaler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Cardiology, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Cardiology, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guy Friedrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Cardiology, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Plank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Cardiology, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cardiac Computed Tomography: State of the Art and Future Horizons. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154429. [PMID: 35956045 PMCID: PMC9369220 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
23
|
Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, Delgado V, DeMaria A, Dilsizian V, Gaemperli O, Garcia MJ, Kamp O, Lee DC, Neglia D, Neskovic AN, Pellikka PA, Plein S, Sechtem U, Shea E, Sicari R, Villines TC, Lindner JR, Popescu BA. Non-Invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes: Recommendations of The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022; 16:362-383. [PMID: 35729014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Federico M Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Brian Davidson
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Bronx, New York
| | - Otto Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto di Scienze della Vita Scuola Superiore Sant Anna Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Cardiologicum Stuttgart and Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elaine Shea
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Berkeley and Oakland, Berkeley, California
| | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Todd C Villines
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia Health Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dawson LP, Layland J. High-Risk Coronary Plaque Features: A Narrative Review. Cardiol Ther 2022; 11:319-335. [PMID: 35731471 PMCID: PMC9381667 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-022-00271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in coronary plaque imaging over the last few decades have led to an increased interest in the identification of novel high-risk plaque features that are associated with cardiovascular events. Existing practices focus on risk stratification and lipid monitoring for primary and secondary prevention of cardiac events, which is limited by a lack of assessment and treatment of vulnerable plaque. In this review, we summarize the multitude of studies that have identified plaque, haemodynamic and patient factors associated with risk of acute coronary syndrome. Future progress in multi-modal imaging strategies and in our understanding of high-risk plaque features could expand treatment options for coronary disease and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke P Dawson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Layland
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiology, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Rd, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, Delgado V, DeMaria A, Dilsizian V, Gaemperli O, Garcia MJ, Kamp O, Lee DC, Neglia D, Neskovic AN, Pellikka PA, Plein S, Sechtem U, Shea E, Sicari R, Villines TC, Lindner JR, Popescu BA. Non-Invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes: Recommendations of The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2022; 35:329-354. [PMID: 35379446 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Federico M Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Brian Davidson
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Bronx, New York
| | - Otto Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto di Scienze della Vita Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna - Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Cardiologicum Stuttgart and Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elaine Shea
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Berkeley and Oakland, Berkeley, California
| | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Todd C Villines
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia Health Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila"-Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Antonopoulos AS, Angelopoulos A, Tsioufis K, Antoniades C, Tousoulis D. Cardiovascular risk stratification by coronary computed tomography angiography imaging: current state-of-the-art. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:608-624. [PMID: 33930129 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current cardiovascular risk stratification by use of clinical risk score systems or plasma biomarkers is good but less than satisfactory in identifying patients at residual risk for coronary events. Recent clinical evidence puts now further emphasis on the role of coronary anatomy assessment by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for the management of patients with stable ischaemic heart disease. Available computed tomography (CT) technology allows the quantification of plaque burden, identification of high-risk plaques, or the functional assessment of coronary lesions for ischaemia detection and revascularization for refractory angina symptoms. The current CT armamentum is also further enhanced by perivascular Fat Attenuation Index (FAI), a non-invasive metric of coronary inflammation, which allows for the first time the direct quantification of the residual vascular inflammatory burden. Machine learning and radiomic features' extraction and spectral CT for tissue characterization are also expected to maximize the diagnostic and prognostic yield of CCTA. The combination of anatomical, functional, and biological information on coronary circulation by CCTA offers a unique toolkit for the risk stratification of patients, and patient selection for targeted aggressive prevention strategies. We hereby provide a review of the current state-of-the art in the field and discuss how integrating the full capacities of CCTA into clinical care pathways opens new opportunities for the tailored management of coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Academic CT Programme, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Angelopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Academic CT Programme, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pontone G, Rossi A, Guglielmo M, Dweck MR, Gaemperli O, Nieman K, Pugliese F, Maurovich-Horvat P, Gimelli A, Cosyns B, Achenbach S. Clinical applications of cardiac computed tomography: a consensus paper of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging-part II. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:e136-e161. [PMID: 35175348 PMCID: PMC8944330 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) was initially developed as a non-invasive diagnostic tool to detect and quantify coronary stenosis. Thanks to the rapid technological development, cardiac CT has become a comprehensive imaging modality which offers anatomical and functional information to guide patient management. This is the second of two complementary documents endorsed by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging aiming to give updated indications on the appropriate use of cardiac CT in different clinical scenarios. In this article, emerging CT technologies and biomarkers, such as CT-derived fractional flow reserve, perfusion imaging, and pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation, are described. In addition, the role of cardiac CT in the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque, cardiomyopathies, structural heart disease, and congenital heart disease is revised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Guglielmo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Koen Nieman
- Department of Radiology and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Pugliese
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pal Maurovich-Horvat
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana “Gabriele Monasterio”, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Department of Cardiology, CHVZ (Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten), ICMI (In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging) Laboratory, Universitair ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nakano S, Kohsaka S, Chikamori T, Fukushima K, Kobayashi Y, Kozuma K, Manabe S, Matsuo H, Nakamura M, Ohno T, Sawano M, Toda K, Ueda Y, Yokoi H, Gatate Y, Kasai T, Kawase Y, Matsumoto N, Mori H, Nakazato R, Niimi N, Saito Y, Shintani A, Watanabe I, Watanabe Y, Ikari Y, Jinzaki M, Kosuge M, Nakajima K, Kimura T. JCS 2022 Guideline Focused Update on Diagnosis and Treatment in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2022; 86:882-915. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Nakano
- Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | | | | | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | | | - Ken Kozuma
- Cardiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Susumu Manabe
- Cardiac Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital
| | | | - Masato Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | | | | | - Koichi Toda
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasunori Ueda
- Cardiovascular Division, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital
| | - Hiroyoshi Yokoi
- Cardiovascular Center, International University of Health and Welfare Fukuoka Sanno Hospital
| | - Yodo Gatate
- Cardiology, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Hitoshi Mori
- Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | | | | | - Yuichi Saito
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ippei Watanabe
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yuji Ikari
- Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa University
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Quantitative plaque assessment by coronary computed tomography angiography: An up-to-date review. IMAGING 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1647.2021.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coronary computed tomography angiography has an emerging role in the diagnostic workup of coronary artery disease. Due to its high sensitivity and negative predictive value, coronary computed tomography angiography can rule out obstructive coronary artery diseases and substitute invasive coronary angiography in many cases. In addition, coronary computed tomography angiography provides a unique information beyond stenosis grading as it can visualize atherosclerosis and quantify its extent. Qualitative and quantitative plaque assessment provides an incremental value in the prediction of future major adverse cardiac events. Moreover, determining adverse plaque features has a potential to identify advanced atherosclerosis and patients at increased risk of acute coronary syndrome. Nevertheless, challenges may emerge with the process of quantifying coronary plaques due to limited reproducibility, lack of automated, standardized and validated techniques. Therefore, reliable quantified data are scarce due to the various computed tomography scanners and software platforms and investigations with small sample sizes. Radiomics and machine learning-based image processing methods are relatively new in the field of cardiovascular plaque imaging. These techniques hold the promise to improve diagnostic performance, reproducibility and prognostic value of computed tomography based plaque assessment.
Collapse
|
30
|
Infante T, Cavaliere C, Punzo B, Grimaldi V, Salvatore M, Napoli C. Radiogenomics and Artificial Intelligence Approaches Applied to Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Precision Medicine in Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:1133-1146. [PMID: 34915726 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.013025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) clinical manifestations and patient management is estimated according to risk scores accounting multifactorial risk factors, thus failing to cover the individual cardiovascular risk. Technological improvements in the field of medical imaging, in particular, in cardiac computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance protocols, laid the development of radiogenomics. Radiogenomics aims to integrate a huge number of imaging features and molecular profiles to identify optimal radiomic/biomarker signatures. In addition, supervised and unsupervised artificial intelligence algorithms have the potential to combine different layers of data (imaging parameters and features, clinical variables and biomarkers) and elaborate complex and specific CHD risk models allowing more accurate diagnosis and reliable prognosis prediction. Literature from the past 5 years was systematically collected from PubMed and Scopus databases, and 60 studies were selected. We speculated the applicability of radiogenomics and artificial intelligence through the application of machine learning algorithms to identify CHD and characterize atherosclerotic lesions and myocardial abnormalities. Radiomic features extracted by cardiac computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance showed good diagnostic accuracy for the identification of coronary plaques and myocardium structure; on the other hand, few studies exploited radiogenomics integration, thus suggesting further research efforts in this field. Cardiac computed tomography angiography resulted the most used noninvasive imaging modality for artificial intelligence applications. Several studies provided high performance for CHD diagnosis, classification, and prognostic assessment even though several efforts are still needed to validate and standardize algorithms for CHD patient routine according to good medical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy (T.I., C.N.)
| | | | - Bruna Punzo
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy (C.C., B.P., V.G., M.S., C.N.)
| | | | | | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy (T.I., C.N.).,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy (C.C., B.P., V.G., M.S., C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jonas R, Earls J, Marques H, Chang HJ, Choi JH, Doh JH, Her AY, Koo BK, Nam CW, Park HB, Shin S, Cole J, Gimelli A, Khan MA, Lu B, Gao Y, Nabi F, Nakazato R, Schoepf UJ, Driessen RS, Bom MJ, Thompson RC, Jang JJ, Ridner M, Rowan C, Avelar E, Généreux P, Knaapen P, de Waard GA, Pontone G, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Jennings R, Crabtree TR, Villines TC, Min JK, Choi AD. Relationship of age, atherosclerosis and angiographic stenosis using artificial intelligence. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001832. [PMID: 34785589 PMCID: PMC8596051 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study evaluates the relationship of coronary stenosis, atherosclerotic plaque characteristics (APCs) and age using artificial intelligence enabled quantitative coronary computed tomographic angiography (AI-QCT). Methods This is a post-hoc analysis of data from 303 subjects enrolled in the CREDENCE (Computed TomogRaphic Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Determinants of Myocardial IsChEmia) trial who were referred for invasive coronary angiography and subsequently underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). In this study, a blinded core laboratory analysing quantitative coronary angiography images classified lesions as obstructive (≥50%) or non-obstructive (<50%) while AI software quantified APCs including plaque volume (PV), low-density non-calcified plaque (LD-NCP), non-calcified plaque (NCP), calcified plaque (CP), lesion length on a per-patient and per-lesion basis based on CCTA imaging. Plaque measurements were normalised for vessel volume and reported as % percent atheroma volume (%PAV) for all relevant plaque components. Data were subsequently stratified by age <65 and ≥65 years. Results The cohort was 64.4±10.2 years and 29% women. Overall, patients >65 had more PV and CP than patients <65. On a lesion level, patients >65 had more CP than younger patients in both obstructive (29.2 mm3 vs 48.2 mm3; p<0.04) and non-obstructive lesions (22.1 mm3 vs 49.4 mm3; p<0.004) while younger patients had more %PAV (LD-NCP) (1.5% vs 0.7%; p<0.038). Younger patients had more PV, LD-NCP, NCP and lesion lengths in obstructive compared with non-obstructive lesions. There were no differences observed between lesion types in older patients. Conclusion AI-QCT identifies a unique APC signature that differs by age and degree of stenosis and provides a foundation for AI-guided age-based approaches to atherosclerosis identification, prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jonas
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, CHRC Campus Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Cardiology, Yonsei University Health System, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- Department of Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ae-Young Her
- Cardiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Kangwon, Korea
| | - Bon Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Cardiovascular Center, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyung-Bok Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International Saint Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Cardiology, Ewha Women's University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason Cole
- Mobile Cardiology Associates, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Department of Imaging, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Fuwai Hospital State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryo Nakazato
- Cardiovascular Center, Saint Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - U Joseph Schoepf
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Roel S Driessen
- VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Michiel J Bom
- Department of Cardiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - James J Jang
- Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente, San Jose, California, USA
| | | | | | - Erick Avelar
- Oconee Heart and Vascular Center, Saint Marys Medical Group, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Philippe Généreux
- Division of Cardiology, Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Knaapen
- Cardiology, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Guus A de Waard
- Cardiology, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Todd C Villines
- Medicine (Cardiology), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Choi
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Feuchtner GM, Beyer C, Langer C, Bleckwenn S, Senoner T, Barbieri F, Luger A, Spitaler P, Widmann G, Adukauskaite A, Dichtl W, Friedrich G, Plank F. The Atherosclerotic Profile of a Young Symptomatic Population between 19 and 49 Years: Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography or Coronary Artery Calcium Score? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8110157. [PMID: 34821710 PMCID: PMC8625601 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Whether coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) or the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) should be used for diagnosis of coronary heart disease, is an open debate. The aim of our study was to compare the atherosclerotic profile by coronary CTA in a young symptomatic high-risk population (age, 19-49 years) in comparison with the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). (2) Methods: 1137 symptomatic high-risk patients between 19-49 years (mean age, 42.4 y) who underwent coronary CTA and CACS were stratified into six age groups. CTA-analysis included stenosis severity and high-risk-plaque criteria (3) Results: Atherosclerosis was more often detected based on CTA than based on CACS (45 vs. 27%; p < 0.001), 50% stenosis in 13.6% and high-risk plaque in 17.7%. Prevalence of atherosclerosis was low and not different between CACS and CTA in the youngest age groups (19-30 y: 5.2 and 6.4% and 30-35 y: 10.6 and 16%). In patients older than >35 years, the rate of atherosclerosis based on CTA increased (p = 0.004, OR: 2.8, 95%CI:1.45-5.89); and was higher by CTA as compared to CACS (34.9 vs. 16.7%; p < 0.001), with a superior performance of CTA. In patients older than 35 years, stenosis severity (p = 0.002) and >50% stenosis increased from 2.6 to 12.5% (p < 0.001). High-risk plaque prevalence increased from 6.4 to 26.5%. The distribution of high-risk plaque between CACS 0 and >0.1 AU was similar among all age groups, with an increasing proportion in CACS > 0.1 AU with age. A total of 24.9% of CACS 0 patients had coronary artery disease based on CTA, 4.4% > 50% stenosis and 11.5% had high-risk plaque. (4) Conclusions: In a symptomatic young high-risk population older than 35 years, CTA performed superior than CACS. In patients aged 19-35 years, the rate of atherosclerosis was similar and low based on both modalities. CACS 0 did not rule out coronary artery disease in a young high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Maria Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.L.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-504-512-81898
| | - Christoph Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Christian Langer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.L.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Sven Bleckwenn
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.L.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Thomas Senoner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabian Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Luger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.L.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Philipp Spitaler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.L.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Agne Adukauskaite
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Guy Friedrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabian Plank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (T.S.); (F.B.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (W.D.); (G.F.); (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, Delgado V, DeMaria A, Dilsizian V, Gaemperli O, Garcia MJ, Kamp O, Lee DC, Neglia D, Neskovic AN, Pellikka PA, Plein S, Sechtem U, Shea E, Sicari R, Villines TC, Lindner JR, Popescu BA. Non-invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes - Recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:e6-e33. [PMID: 34751391 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a high socioeconomic impact.(1) Non-invasive imaging modalities play a fundamental role in the evaluation and management of patients with known or suspected CAD. Imaging end-points have served as surrogate markers in many observational studies and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the benefits of specific therapies for CAD.(2) A number of guidelines and recommendations have been published about coronary syndromes by cardiology societies and associations, but have not focused on the excellent opportunities with cardiac imaging. The recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2019 guideline on chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and 2020 guideline on acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) highlight the importance of non-invasive imaging in the diagnosis, treatment, and risk assessment of the disease.(3)(4) The purpose of the current recommendations is to present the significant role of non-invasive imaging in coronary syndromes in more detail. These recommendations have been developed by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE), in collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, all of which have approved the final document.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thor Edvardsen
- Dept of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo Norway, and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Federico M Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, . USA
| | - Brian Davidson
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, New York, 10467, USA
| | - Otto Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Department of Cardiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monastrerio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Dept of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Zemun, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Cardiologicum Stuttgart and Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elaine Shea
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Berkeley and Oakland, California, ., USA
| | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa and Milan, Italy
| | - Todd C Villines
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" - Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng J, Lu B. Current Progress of Studies of Coronary CT for Risk Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE). J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 29:301-315. [PMID: 34719895 PMCID: PMC8592676 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human health, and early risk prediction of major adverse cardiovascular event in people suspected of coronary heart disease can help guide prevention and clinical decisions. Coronary computed tomography (CT) is a useful imaging tool for evaluation of coronary heart disease, and its ability to reflect coronary atherosclerosis shows potential value for risk prediction. In recent years, various new techniques and studies of coronary CT have emerged for risk prediction of major adverse cardiovascular event in people suspected of coronary heart disease. We will review the background and current study advances of using coronary artery calcium score, coronary CT angiography, and artificial intelligence in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lu G, Ye W, Ou J, Li X, Tan Z, Li T, Liu H. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Assessment of High-Risk Plaques in Predicting Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:743538. [PMID: 34660742 PMCID: PMC8517134 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.743538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a comprehensive, non-invasive and cost-effective imaging assessment approach, which can provide the ability to identify the characteristics and morphology of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The development of CCTA and latest advances in emerging technologies, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), have made it possible not only to identify the morphological characteristics of high-risk plaques non-invasively, but also to assess the hemodynamic parameters, the environment surrounding coronaries and so on, which may help to predict the risk of ACS. In this review, we present how CCTA was used to characterize the composition and morphology of high-risk plaques prone to ACS and the current role of CCTA, including emerging CCTA technologies, advanced analysis, and characterization techniques in prognosticating the occurrence of ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Lu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Weitao Ye
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehao Ou
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekun Tan
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Low attenuation plaque volume on coronary computed tomography angiography is associated with plaque progression. Coron Artery Dis 2021; 33:176-181. [PMID: 34618752 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-related clinical factors, laboratory factors, and some imaging factors may lead to statistical bias when investigating coronary plaque progression. In this study, we avoided patient characteristics by comparing morphological characteristics of plaque progression and nonprogression within the same patient with multiple plaques. METHODS From August 2011 to December 2018, 177 consecutive patients with 424 plaques who were followed with coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) were reviewed retrospectively. Follow-up images of the plaques were used to determine whether the plaque volume or stenosis grade increased. The plaques were divided into progressive and nonprogressive groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with plaque progression. Through clinical follow-up, we analyzed whether the factors associated with plaque progression were related to major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). RESULTS There were 223 plaques that progressed during a mean follow-up period of 27.6 ± 15.9 months. The univariate logistic regression model revealed that only low attenuation plaque (LAP) volume (P = 0.02) was associated with plaque progression. After a mean post-CTA follow-up period of 36.7 ± 18.4 months, 37 patients experienced MACEs, and LAP volume was significantly related to future MACEs. CONCLUSION Only a high baseline LAP volume was associated with plaque progression, and patients with progressive plaques and a high LAP volume were more likely to have future MACEs. More attention should be given to plaques with LAP volumes larger than 2.4 mm3.
Collapse
|
37
|
Meah MN, Williams MC. Clinical Relevance of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Beyond Coronary Artery Stenosis. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2021; 193:1162-1170. [PMID: 33772488 DOI: 10.1055/a-1395-7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capabilities of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have advanced significantly in the past decade. Its capacity to detect stenotic coronary arteries safely and consistently has led to a marked decline in invasive diagnostic angiography. However, CCTA can do much more than identify coronary artery stenoses. METHOD This review discusses applications of CCTA beyond coronary stenosis assessment, focusing in particular on the visual and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaque. RESULTS Established signs of visually assessed high-risk plaque on CT include positive remodeling, low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, and the napkin-ring sign, which correlate with the histological thin-cap fibroatheroma. Recently, quantification of plaque subtypes has further improved the assessment of coronary plaque on CT. Quantitatively assessed low-attenuation plaque, which correlates with the necrotic core of the thin-cap fibroatheroma, has demonstrated superiority over stenosis severity and coronary calcium score in predicting subsequent myocardial infarction. Current research aims to use radiomic and machine learning methods to further improve our understanding of high-risk atherosclerotic plaque subtypes identified on CCTA. CONCLUSION Despite rapid technological advances in the field of coronary computed tomography angiography, there remains a significant lag in routine clinical practice where use is often limited to lumenography. We summarize some of the most promising techniques that significantly improve the diagnostic and prognostic potential of CCTA. KEY POINTS · In addition to its ability to determine severity of luminal stenoses, CCTA provides important prognostic information by evaluating atherosclerotic plaque.. · Simple scoring systems such as the segment involved score or the CT-adapted Leaman score can provide more prognostic information on major adverse coronary events compared to traditional risk factors such as presence of hypertension or diabetes.. · CT signs of high-risk plaque, including positive remodeling, low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, and the napkin-ring sign, are significantly more likely to predict acute coronary syndromes.. · Quantitative plaque assessment can provide precise description of volume and burden of plaque subtypes and have been found to predict subsequent myocardial infarction better than cardiovascular risk scores, calcium scoring and severity of coronary artery stenoses.. · Machine learning techniques have the potential to automate risk stratification and enhance health economy, even though present clinical applications are limited. In this era of "big data" they are an exciting avenue for future research.. CITATION FORMAT · Meah MN, Williams MC. Clinical Relevance of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Beyond Coronary Artery Stenosis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1162 - 1170.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruddin Meah
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Michelle C Williams
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu Y, Liu S, Zhao Z, Song X, Qu H, Liu H. Phenylacetylglutamine is associated with the degree of coronary atherosclerotic severity assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2021; 333:75-82. [PMID: 34438323 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), a gut microbiota metabolite, has recently been found to be associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between plasma PAG and coronary atherosclerotic severity assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). METHODS We enrolled consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent CCTA. Plasma PAG was measured by mass spectrometry. Coronary atherosclerotic severity was evaluated based on plaque burden and plaque vulnerability. Plaque burden was quantified as percent atheroma volume (PAV), CCTA-derived SYNTAX score (CT-SYNTAX) and CAD reporting and data system score (CAD-RADS). Plaque vulnerability was evaluated by the presence of adverse characteristics. RESULTS A total of 686 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups based on median plasma PAG (3.25 μM). A correlation was found between plasma PAG and PAV (r = 0.499, p < 0.01). Patients with obstructive CAD (CAD-RADS>3) and high coronary lesion complexity (CT-SYNTAX≥23) had higher plasma PAG (2.04 vs. 3.8 μM and 2.85 vs. 4.49 μM, respectively; p < 0.01 for all). After adjustment for confounding factors, plasma PAG remained associated with PAV (β: 0.98, p < 0.01), and patients in the higher PAG group had higher risks of obstructive CAD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.88, p < 0.01) and high coronary lesion complexity (OR: 1.47; p < 0.01). In addition, a high plasma PAG level (≥3.25 μM) was not an independent predictor of the presence of high-risk plaques. CONCLUSIONS There was an independent association between plasma PAG levels and the coronary atherosclerotic burden among patients with suspected CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhizhuang Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hainan Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Haixian Qu
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Heinsen LJ, Pararajasingam G, Andersen TR, Auscher S, Sheta HM, Precht H, Lambrechtsen J, Egstrup K. High-risk coronary artery plaque in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes: clinical risk factors and coronary artery calcium score. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:164. [PMID: 34372839 PMCID: PMC8353743 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk coronary artery plaque (HRP) is associated with increased risk of acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of HRP in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its relation to patient characteristics including cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes profile, and coronary artery calcium score (CACS). METHODS Asymptomatic patients with T2D and no previous coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in this descriptive study. Plaques with two or more high-risk features (HRP) defined by low attenuation, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, and napkin-ring sign were considered HRP. In addition, total atheroma volume (TAV), proportions of dense calcium, fibrous, fibrous-fatty and necrotic core volumes were assessed. The CACS was obtained from non-enhanced images by the Agatston method. Cardiovascular and diabetic profiles were assessed in all patients. RESULTS In 230 patients CCTA was diagnostic and 161 HRP were detected in 86 patients (37%). Male gender (OR 4.19, 95% CI 1.99-8.87; p < 0.01), tobacco exposure in pack years (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03; p = 0.03), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07; p < 0.01) were independent predictors of HRP. No relationship was found to other risk factors. HRP was not associated with increased CACS, and 13 (23%) patients with zero CACS had at least one HRP. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of HRP was detected in this population of asymptomatic T2D. The presence of HRP was associated with a particular patient profile, but was not ruled out by the absence of coronary artery calcium. CCTA provides important information on plaque morphology, which may be used to risk stratify this high-risk population. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered at clinical trials.gov January 11, 2017 trial identifier NCT03016910.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurits Juhl Heinsen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark.
| | - Gokulan Pararajasingam
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rueskov Andersen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Auscher
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Hussam Mahmoud Sheta
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Helle Precht
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Egstrup
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deseive S, Kupke M, Straub R, Stocker TJ, Broersen A, Kitslaar P, Martinoff S, Massberg S, Hadamitzky M, Hausleiter J. Quantified coronary total plaque volume from computed tomography angiography provides superior 10-year risk stratification. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:314-321. [PMID: 32793952 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Automated coronary total plaque volume (TPV) quantification derived from coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) datasets provide exact and reliable assessment of calcified and non-calcified coronary atherosclerosis burden. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the long-term predictive value of TPV. METHODS AND RESULTS TPV was quantified in 1577 patients undergoing coronary CTA and cardiovascular events were collected during 10.5 years (interquartile range 6.0-11.4) of follow-up. The study endpoint comprised cardiac death and acute coronary syndrome and occurred in 59 (3.7%) patients. Coronary TPV provided additive prognostic value over clinical risk assessed with the Morise Score and coronary artery disease severity (rise in C-index from 0.744 to 0.769, P = 0.03). A category-based reclassification approach combining the Morise Score and TPV revealed superior risk stratification (categorical net reclassification improvement: 0.48 with 95% CI 0.13-0.68, P < 0.001) and resulted in reclassification of 800 (51%) patients compared with the Morise Score alone. The 10-year risk for the study endpoint was 0.6% (95% CI 0-1.3) for patients classified as low risk (n = 807), 4.8% (95% CI 2.4-7.2) for patients at intermediate risk (n = 400), and 10.3% (95% CI 6.6-13.9) for patients at high risk (n = 370) using the combined reclassification approach. CONCLUSION Quantification of TPV from coronary CTA permits an improved 10-year cardiovascular risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Deseive
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance at DZHK, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kupke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ramona Straub
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas J Stocker
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance at DZHK, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Broersen
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Kitslaar
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Medis Medical Imaging Systems BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Martinoff
- Division of Radiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance at DZHK, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Division of Radiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Hausleiter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance at DZHK, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Feuchtner G, Suppersberger S, Langer C, Beyer C, Rauch S, Thurner T, Friedrich G, Dichtl W, Widmann G, Plank F, Barbieri F. The Effect of Vitamin D on Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Propensity Score Matched Case-Control Coronary CTA Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8080085. [PMID: 34436227 PMCID: PMC8397201 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D supplementation may be associated with lower cardiovascular (CV) events, but the data are controversial. It remains speculative whether vitamin D supplementation has a direct effect on coronary atherosclerosis. We therefore set out to assess the influence of vitamin D supplementation on the coronary atherosclerosis profile quantified by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in a retrospective case–control cohort study. Methods: 176 patients (age: 62.4 ± 10.4) referred to coronary CTA for clinical indications were included. A total of 88 patients receiving vitamin D supplementation (mean duration 65.3 ± 81 months) were 1:1 propensity score matched with 88 controls for age, gender, smoking, arterial hypertension, positive family history, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Coronary stenosis severity (CAD-RADSTM), mixed plaque burden (weighted for non-calcified), high-risk-plaque (HRP) features, and plaque density (HU) were quantified by CTA. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (OH)-levels were measured in 138 patients and categorized into four groups (0: <20 ng/mL; 1: 20–40 ng/mL; 2: 40–60 ng/mL; and 3: >60 ng/mL) and compared with CTA. Results: The prevalence of atherosclerosis by CTA was similar in both groups (75.6% versus 74.3%, p = 0.999), >50% coronary stenosis was slightly higher in controls (p = 0.046), but stenosis severity score (CAD-RADS) was not different (p = 0.106). Mixed plaque burden (weighted for non-calcified) was lower in patients receiving vitamin D supplementation (p = 0.002) and high-risk-plaque prevalence was markedly lower (3.8% versus 32%, p < 0.001). CT plaque density (HU) was higher (p < 0.001) in the vitamin D group. Patients with serum vitamin D (OH) levels >60 ng/mL had higher plaque density (p = 0.04), indicating more calcified and less vulnerable plaque. Conclusions: In this retrospective case–control cohort study, vitamin D supplementation was associated with less high-risk plaque, less non-calcified plaque burden, and a higher calcified plaque independent of CV risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.F.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Simon Suppersberger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.F.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Christian Langer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.F.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Christoph Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (G.F.); (W.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Stefan Rauch
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.F.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (G.W.)
| | | | - Guy Friedrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (G.F.); (W.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (G.F.); (W.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (G.F.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Fabian Plank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (G.F.); (W.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabian Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (G.F.); (W.D.); (F.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-82546
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hybrid Imaging to Assess the Impact of Vulnerable Plaque on Post Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Scar. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Multimodality imaging improves the accuracy of cardiac assessment in patients with prior myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between coronary plaque vulnerability (PV) and myocardial viability in the territory irrigated by the infarct-related artery (IRA). Secondary objectives include evaluation of the systemic inflammation but also different cardiac risk scores (SYNTAX score, Duke jeopardy score, or calcium score) using hybrid imaging models of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients who have suffered a previous myocardial infarction (MI). Material and methods: The study included 45 subjects with documented MI in the 30 days prior to study enrolment, who underwent CCTA and CMR examinations. Computational postprocessing of CCTA and CMR images was used to generate fused imaging models. Based on the vulnerability degree of the associated non-culprit lesion located proximally in the IRA, the study population was divided into 3 groups: Group 1 – subjects with no sign of vulnerability (n = 7); Group 2 – subjects with 1 or 2 CT vulnerability features (n = 28); and Group 3 – subjects with >2 features of vulnerability (n = 12). Results: CCTA features indicative for the severity of coronary artery disease were not different between groups in terms of calcium scoring (460 ± 501 vs. 579 ± 430 vs. 432 ± 494, p = 0.7) or SYNTAX score (25 ± 9.2 vs. 24.9 ± 8.3 vs. 20.2 ± 11.9, p = 0.4). However, after 1 month, infarct size and the Duke jeopardy score were associated with increased PV (infarct size 8.77 ± 3.4 g in Group 1, compared to 20.87 ± 8.3 g in Group 2 and 27.99 ± 11.8 g in Group 3 (p = 0.007), while the Duke jeopardy score was 4.4 ± 1.6 in Group 1, vs. 7.07 ± 2.1 in Group 2 vs. 7.5 ± 1.73 in Group 3 (p = 0.01). Inflammatory biomarkers were directly associated with coronary plaque vulnerability (p = 0.007 for hs-CRP and p = 0.038 for MMP-9). Conclusion: In patients with prior myocardial infarction, the size of myocardial scar was directly correlated with the vulnerability degree of coronary plaques and with systemic inflammation quantified during the acute phase of the coronary event. Hybrid imaging may help to identify the hemodynamically significant plaques with superior accuracy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kohsaka S, Fukushima K, Watanabe I, Manabe S, Niimi N, Gatate Y, Sawano M, Nakano S. Contemporary Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease - Implications of the ISCHEMIA Trial. Circ J 2021; 85:1919-1927. [PMID: 34148929 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Although urgent revascularization is the cornerstone of management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), for patients with stable CAD recent large-scale clinical trials indicate that a mechanical 'fix' of a narrowed artery is not obviously beneficial; ACS and stable CAD are increasingly recognized as different clinical entities. We review the perspectives on (1) modifying the diagnostic pathway of stable CAD with the incorporation of modern estimates of pretest probability, (2) non-imaging evaluations based on their availability, (3) the optimal timing of invasive coronary angiography and revascularization, and (4) the implementation of medical therapy during the work-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Ippei Watanabe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Susumu Manabe
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of International Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital
| | - Nozomi Niimi
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Yodo Gatate
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital
| | - Shintaro Nakano
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Coronary Computer Tomography Angiography in 2021-Acquisition Protocols, Tips and Tricks and Heading beyond the Possible. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061072. [PMID: 34200866 PMCID: PMC8230532 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances, together with an increasing body of evidence from randomized trials, have placed coronary computer tomography angiography (CCTA) in the center of the diagnostic workup of patients with coronary artery disease. The method was proven reliable in the diagnosis of relevant coronary artery stenosis. Furthermore, it can identify different stages of the atherosclerotic process, including early atherosclerotic changes of the coronary vessel wall, a quality not met by other non-invasive tests. In addition, newer computational software can measure the hemodynamic relevance (fractional flow reserve) of a certain stenosis. In addition, if required, information related to cardiac and valvular function can be provided with specific protocols. Importantly, recent trials have highlighted the prognostic relevance of CCTA in patients with coronary artery disease, which helped establishing CCTA as the first-line method for the diagnostic work-up of such patients in current guidelines. All this can be gathered in one relatively fast examination with minimal discomfort for the patient and, with newer machines, with very low radiation exposure. Herein, we provide an overview of the current technical aspects, indications, pitfalls, and new horizons with CCTA, providing examples from our own clinical practice.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kocyigit D, Scanameo A, Xu B. Multimodality imaging for the prevention of cardiovascular events: Coronary artery calcium and beyond. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021; 11:840-858. [PMID: 34295709 PMCID: PMC8261752 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-19-654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been the leading cause of death worldwide for more than a decade. Prevention is of utmost importance to reduce related mortality. The innovations in cardiovascular imaging technology, in addition to our improved understanding of coronary atherosclerosis pathogenesis, have resulted in cardiovascular imaging becoming one of the most influential tools for diagnosis and risk stratification in ASCVD. Although numerous publications have emerged on this topic, data that guide routine cardiology clinical practice currently focus on the utility of a limited number of such modalities, namely arterial ultrasonography and computed tomography. Herein, current evidence with respect to the role of multimodality cardiovascular imaging on ASCVD prevention will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kocyigit
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Bo Xu
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Senoner T, Plank F, Langer C, Beyer C, Steinkohl F, Barbieri F, Adukauskaite A, Widmann G, Friedrich G, Dichtl W, Feuchtner GM. Smoking and obesity predict high-risk plaque by coronary CTA in low coronary artery calcium score (CACS). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021; 15:499-505. [PMID: 33933380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AHA recommends statins in patients with CACS>100 AU. However in patients with low CACS (1-99 AU), no clear statement is provided, leaving the clinician in a grey-zone. High-risk plaque (HRP) criteria by coronary CTA are novel imaging biomarkers indicating a higher a-priori cardiovascular (CV) risk, which could help for decision-making. Therefore the objective of our study was to identify which CV-risk factors predict HRP in patients with low CACS 1-99. METHODS 1003 symptomatic patients with low-to-intermediate risk, a clinical indication for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and who had a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) between 1 and 99 AU, were enrolled. CCTA analysis included: stenosis severity and HRP-criteria: low-attenuation plaque (LAP <30HU, <60HU and <90HU) napkin-ring-sign, spotty calcification and positive remodeling. Multivariate regression models were created for predicting HRP-criteria by the major 5 cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) (smoking, arterial hypertension, positive family history, dyslipidemia, diabetes) and obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2). RESULTS 304 (33.5%) were smokers. 20.4% of smokers had HRP compared with only 14.9% of non-smokers (p = 0.045). Male gender was associated with HRP (p < 0.001). Smoking but not the other 5 CVRF had the most associations with HRP-criteria (LAP<60HU/≥2 criteria:OR 1.59; 95%CI:1.07-2.35), LAP<90HU (OR 1.57; 95%CI:1.01-2.43), Napkin-Ring-Sign (OR 1.78; 95%CI:1.02-3.1) and positive remodelling (OR 1.54; 95%CI:1.09-2.19). Smoking predicted fibrofatty LAP<90HU in males only. Obesity predicted LAP<60HU in both females and males. CONCLUSIONS In patients with low CACS 1-99AU, male gender, smoking and obesity, but not the other CVRF predict HRP. These patients would rather benefit from intensification of primary CV-prevention measures such as statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Senoner
- Department of Internal Medicine III- Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Fabian Plank
- Department of Internal Medicine III- Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Beyer
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | | | - Fabian Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine III- Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Agne Adukauskaite
- Department of Internal Medicine III- Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Guy Friedrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III- Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III- Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
The Napkin-Ring Sign – the Story Behind Invasive Coronary Angiography. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across Europe. Most of the patients do not experience any warning sign before the coronary event develops, therefore screening this group of patients is essential to prevent major cardiac events. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) offers a noninvasive approach of the coronary arteries, providing information not only on the presence and severity of the coronary stenosis, but is also able to characterize the structure of the coronary wall. CCTA allows complex evaluation of the extension of CAD, and by assessing the structure of the atherosclerotic plaque, it can identify its degree of vulnerability. The napkin-ring sign (NRS) represents a ring-like attenuation of the non-calcified portion of the coronary lesion and has a high specificity (96–100%) for the identification of thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) or culprit lesion in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is also an independent predictor for ACS events and the strongest predictor for future ACS. Modern CCTA can provide submillimeter isotropic spatial resolution. Thus, CT attenuation-based tissue interpretation enables the assessment of total coronary plaque burden and individual plaque components, with a similar accuracy as intravascular ultrasoud-based investigations. This review aims to present the important role of CCTA as a potent screening tool for patients with CAD, and the current evidences in the detection and quantification of vulnerable plaques.
Collapse
|
48
|
Senoner T, Plank F, Beyer C, Langer C, Birkl K, Steinkohl F, Widmann G, Barbieri F, Adukauskaite A, Friedrich G, Bauer A, Dichtl W, Feuchtner GM. Gender Differences in the Atherosclerosis Profile by Coronary CTA in Coronary Artery Calcium Score Zero Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1220. [PMID: 33804095 PMCID: PMC8000978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is a powerful tool for cardiovascular risk stratification. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) allows for a more distinct analysis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to assess gender differences in the atherosclerosis profile of CTA in patients with a CACS of zero. Methods: A total of 1451 low- to intermediate-risk patients (53 ± 11 years; 51% females) with CACS <1.0 Agatston units (AU) who underwent CTA and CACS were included. Males and females were 1:1 propensity score-matched. CTA was evaluated for stenosis severity (Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) 0-5: minimal <25%, mild 25-49%, moderate 50-69%, severe ≥70%), mixed-plaque burden (G-score), and high-risk plaque (HRP) criteria (low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, napkin-ring sign, and positive remodeling). All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) were collected. Results: Among the patients, 88.8% had a CACS of 0 and 11.2% had an ultralow CACS of 0.1-0.9 AU. More males than females (32.1% vs. 20.3%; p < 0.001) with a CACS of 0 had atherosclerosis, while, among those with an ultralow CACS, there was no difference (88% vs. 87.1%). Nonobstructive CAD (25.9% vs. 16.2%; p < 0.001), total plaque burden (2.2 vs. 1.4; p < 0.001), and HRP were found more often in males (p < 0.001). After a follow-up of mean 6.6 ± 4.2 years, all-cause mortality was higher in females (3.5% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.023). Cardiovascular mortality and MACEs were low (0.2% vs. 0%; p = 0.947 and 0.3% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.790) for males vs. females, respectively. Females were more often symptomatic for chest pain (70% vs. 61.6%; p = 0.004). (4) Conclusions: In patients with a CACS of 0, males had a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis, a higher noncalcified plaque burden, and more HRP criteria. Nonetheless, females had a worse long-term outcome and were more frequently symptomatic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Senoner
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (F.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (W.D.)
| | - Fabian Plank
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (F.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (W.D.)
| | - Christoph Beyer
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (C.L.); (K.B.); (F.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Christian Langer
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (C.L.); (K.B.); (F.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Katharina Birkl
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (C.L.); (K.B.); (F.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Fabian Steinkohl
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (C.L.); (K.B.); (F.S.); (G.W.)
- Department of Radiology, St. Vinzenz Hospital, 6511 Zams, Austria
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (C.L.); (K.B.); (F.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Fabian Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (F.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (W.D.)
| | - Agne Adukauskaite
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (F.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (W.D.)
| | - Guy Friedrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (F.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (W.D.)
| | - Axel Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (F.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (W.D.)
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (F.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.); (A.B.); (W.D.)
| | - Gudrun M. Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.B.); (C.L.); (K.B.); (F.S.); (G.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shaw LJ, Blankstein R, Bax JJ, Ferencik M, Bittencourt MS, Min JK, Berman DS, Leipsic J, Villines TC, Dey D, Al'Aref S, Williams MC, Lin F, Baskaran L, Litt H, Litmanovich D, Cury R, Gianni U, van den Hoogen I, R van Rosendael A, Budoff M, Chang HJ, E Hecht H, Feuchtner G, Ahmadi A, Ghoshajra BB, Newby D, Chandrashekhar YS, Narula J. Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography / North American Society of Cardiovascular Imaging - Expert Consensus Document on Coronary CT Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021; 15:93-109. [PMID: 33303383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) provides a wealth of clinically meaningful information beyond anatomic stenosis alone, including the presence or absence of nonobstructive atherosclerosis and high-risk plaque features as precursors for incident coronary events. There is, however, no uniform agreement on how to identify and quantify these features or their use in evidence-based clinical decision-making. This statement from the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and North American Society of Cardiovascular Imaging addresses this gap and provides a comprehensive review of the available evidence on imaging of coronary atherosclerosis. In this statement, we provide standardized definitions for high-risk plaque (HRP) features and distill the evidence on the effectiveness of risk stratification into usable practice points. This statement outlines how this information should be communicated to referring physicians and patients by identifying critical elements to include in a structured CCTA report - the presence and severity of atherosclerotic plaque (descriptive statements, CAD-RADS™ categories), the segment involvement score, HRP features (e.g., low attenuation plaque, positive remodeling), and the coronary artery calcium score (when performed). Rigorous documentation of atherosclerosis on CCTA provides a vital opportunity to make recommendations for preventive care and to initiate and guide an effective care strategy for at-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslee J Shaw
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James K Min
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine; Cleerly, Inc. (started in 2020), New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Damini Dey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fay Lin
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Harold Litt
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana Litmanovich
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo Cury
- Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute and Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Budoff
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amir Ahmadi
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Newby
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kitahara S, Kataoka Y, Miura H, Nishii T, Nishimura K, Murai K, Iwai T, Nakamura H, Hosoda H, Matama H, Doi T, Nakashima T, Honda S, Fujino M, Nakao K, Yoneda S, Nishihira K, Kanaya T, Otsuka F, Asaumi Y, Tsujita K, Noguchi T, Yasuda S. The feasibility and limitation of coronary computed tomographic angiography imaging to identify coronary lipid-rich atheroma in vivo: Findings from near-infrared spectroscopy analysis. Atherosclerosis 2021; 322:1-7. [PMID: 33706078 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) non-invasively visualizes lipid-rich plaque. However, this ability is not fully validated in vivo. The current study aimed to elucidate the association of CCTA features with near-infrared spectroscopy-derived lipidic plaque measure in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS 95 coronary lesions (culprit/non-culprit = 51/44) in 35 CAD subjects were evaluated by CCTA and NIRS imaging. CT density, positive remodeling, spotty calcification, napkin-ring sign and NIRS-derived maximum 4-mm lipid-core burden index (maxLCBI4mm) were analyzed by two independent physicians. The association of CCTA-derived plaque features with maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400 was evaluated. RESULTS The median CT density and maxLCBI4mm were 57.7 Hounsfield units (HU) and 304, respectively. CT density (r = -0.75, p < 0.001) and remodeling index (RI) (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with maxLCBI4mm, respectively. Although napkin-ring sign (p < 0.001) showed higher prevalence of maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400 than those without it, spotty calcification did not (p = 0.13). On multivariable analysis, CT density [odds ratio (OR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93-0.97; p < 0.001] and positive remodeling [OR = 7.71, 95%CI = 1.37-43.41, p = 0.02] independently predicted maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated CT density <32.9 HU (AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 85.7%, specificity = 91.7%) and RI ≥ 1.08 (AUC = 0.83, sensitivity = 74.3%, specificity = 85.0%) as optimal cut-off values of maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400. Of note, only 52.6% at lesions with one of these plaque features exhibited maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400, whereas the frequency of maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400 was highest at those with both features (88.5%, p < 0.001 for trend). CONCLUSIONS CT density <32.9 HU and RI ≥ 1.08 were associated with lipid-rich plaque on NIRS imaging. Our findings underscore the synergistic value of CT density and positive remodeling to detect lipid-rich plaque by CCTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kitahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishii
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Murai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takamasa Iwai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakamura
- Division of Internal Medicine, Okinawa Prefectural Yaeyama Hospotal, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Hosoda
- Department of Cardiology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hideo Matama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahito Doi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakashima
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satoshi Honda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yoneda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensaku Nishihira
- Department of Cardiology, Miyazaki Medical Association Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kanaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Asaumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|